Phiên âm phần hội thoại sách Tiếng Anh Inside Listening and Speaking 2 Oxford. Phiên âm phần hội thoại sách Tiếng Anh Inside Listening and Speaking 2 Oxford. Phiên âm phần hội thoại sách Tiếng Anh Inside Listening and Speaking 2 Oxford.
4/19/2021 toPhonetics Facebook Twitter Pinterest 305 VK Paste your English text here: Inside Listening and Speaking Transcripts Show transcription British Transcription only American Side by side with English text Show weak forms Parentheses Line by line with English text Google UK English Male Inside Listening and Speaking ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz Unit Solving a Mystery ˈjuːnɪt ˈsɒlvɪŋ ə ˈmɪstəri ENGINEERING ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪərɪŋ LISTENING SKILL: Cause and Effect Relationships ˈlɪsnɪŋ skɪl : kɔːz ənd ɪˈfɛkt rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪps Listen (Audio ) ˈlɪsn (ˈɔːdɪˌəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 1_Listen1 aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː1_ˈlɪsn M 1: Good afternoon Today I want to talk to you about the crash of Air France Flight ɛm1: gʊd ˈɑːftəˈnuːn təˈdeɪ aɪ wɒnt tə tɔːk tə jʊ əˈbaʊt ðə kræʃ əv eə ˈfrɑːns flaɪt 447 and what we can learn from this accident In the summer of 2009, Flight 447 447 ənd wɒt wi kən lɜːn frəm ðɪs ˈæksɪdənt ɪn ðə ˈsʌmər ɒv 2009, flaɪt 447 was flying above the ocean off the coast of Brazil It was going to Paris , France… wəz ˈflaɪɪŋ əˈbʌv ði ˈəʊʃən ɒf ðə kəʊst əv brəˈzɪl ɪt wəz ˈgəʊɪŋ tə ˈpærɪs, ˈfrɑːns … However, the plane suddenly disappeared from air traffic control computer screens haʊˈɛvə , ðə pleɪn ˈsʌdnli ˌdɪsəˈpɪəd frəm eə ˈtræfɪk kənˈtrəʊl kəmˈpjuːtə skriːnz Now this was a modern airplane , an Airbus 330, which was considered very safe and naʊ ðɪs wəz ə ˈmɒdən ˈeəpleɪn, ən ˈeəˌbʌs 330, wɪʧ wəz kənˈsɪdəd ˈvɛri seɪf ænd was equipped with excellent technology But at the time , no one knew what had wəz ɪˈkwɪpt wɪð ˈɛksələnt tɛkˈnɒləʤi bət ət ðə taɪm, nəʊ wʌn njuː wɒt hæd happened to it ˈhæpənd tʊ ɪt So how did we solve this mystery? Well, investigators started to look for the plane in səʊ haʊ dɪd wi sɒlv ðɪs ˈmɪstəri ? wɛl , ɪnˈvɛstɪgeɪtəz ˈstɑːtɪd tə lʊk fə ðə pleɪn ɪn the ocean Five days later , they recovered parts that revealed that the plane had ði ˈəʊʃən faɪv deɪz ˈleɪtə, ðeɪ rɪˈkʌvəd pɑːts ðət rɪˈviːld ðət ðə pleɪn hæd crashed into the ocean at a very high speed But still, no one knew the cause of the kræʃt ˈɪntə ði ˈəʊʃən ət ə ˈvɛri haɪ spiːd bət stɪl , nəʊ wʌn njuː ðə kɔːz əv ðiː accident ˈæksɪdənt So next , experts looked at the plane's air traffic control records for answers These səʊ nɛkst, ˈɛkspɜːts lʊkt ət ðə pleɪnz eə ˈtræfɪk kənˈtrəʊl ˈrɛkɔːdz fər ˈɑːnsəz ðiːz records showed the plane's flight path It appeared that Flight 447 had flown into a ˈrɛkɔːdz ʃəʊd ðə pleɪnz flaɪt pɑːθ ɪt əˈpɪəd ðət flaɪt 447 həd fləʊn ˈɪntə eɪ large storm But, planes can handle strong winds and even lightning strikes , so lɑːʤ stɔːm bʌt , pleɪnz kən ˈhændl strɒŋ wɪndz ənd ˈiːvən ˈlaɪtnɪŋ straɪks, səʊ investigators decided that the storm was not the cause of the accident ɪnˈvɛstɪgeɪtəz dɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət ðə stɔːm wəz nɒt ðə kɔːz əv ði ˈæksɪdənt Investigators then decided to look at the plane's automated systems, which can https://tophonetics.com 1/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics ɪnˈvɛstɪgeɪtəz ðɛn dɪˈsaɪdɪd tə lʊk ət ðə pleɪnz ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd ˈsɪstɪmz, wɪʧ kæn control and fly the plane without a lot of guidance from the pilot This is what kənˈtrəʊl ənd flaɪ ðə pleɪn wɪˈðaʊt ə lɒt əv ˈgaɪdəns frəm ðə ˈpaɪlət ðɪs ɪz wɒt investigators realized On the outside of the plane, the speed sensors had frozen ɪnˈvɛstɪgeɪtəz ˈrɪəlaɪzd ɒn ði ˌaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə pleɪn , ðə spiːd ˈsɛnsəz həd ˈfrəʊzn because the plane had travelled through an area with large amounts of super -cooled bɪˈkəz ðə pleɪn həd ˈtrævld θruː ən ˈeərɪə wɪð lɑːʤ əˈmaʊnts əv ˈs(j)uːpə-kuːld water This extremely cold water froze the plane's external speed sensors Now this ˈwɔːtə ðɪs ɪksˈtriːmli kəʊld ˈwɔːtə frəʊz ðə pleɪnz ɛksˈtɜːnl spiːd ˈsɛnsəz naʊ ðɪs is the key point here Speed data is needed for the plane's automated systems to ɪz ðə kiː pɔɪnt hɪə spiːd ˈdeɪtə z ˈniːdɪd fə ðə pleɪnz ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd ˈsɪstɪmz tʊ work properly… BUT, the speed sensors were frozen , so the plane's automated wɜːk ˈprɒpəli … bʌt , ðə spiːd ˈsɛnsəz wə ˈfrəʊzn, səʊ ðə pleɪnz ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd systems were not getting the necessary speed data As a result , the automated ˈsɪstɪmz wə nɒt ˈgɛtɪŋ ðə ˈnɛsɪsəri spiːd ˈdeɪtə əz ə rɪˈzʌlt, ði ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd systems stopped working and started to fail one by one … And because these ˈsɪstɪmz stɒpt ˈwɜːkɪŋ ənd ˈstɑːtɪd tə feɪl wʌn baɪ wʌn… ənd bɪˈkəz ðiːz automated systems weren't working, the pilots decided to fly the plane themselves ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd ˈsɪstɪmz wɜːnt ˈwɜːkɪŋ , ðə ˈpaɪləts dɪˈsaɪdɪd tə flaɪ ðə pleɪn ðəmˈsɛlvz by taking manual control of the plane baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈmænjʊəl kənˈtrəʊl əv ðə pleɪn But, even after taking manual control of the plane, the pilots had difficulty flying it bʌt , ˈiːvən ˈɑːftə ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈmænjʊəl kənˈtrəʊl əv ðə pleɪn , ðə ˈpaɪləts həd ˈdɪfɪkəlti ˈflaɪɪŋ ɪt Since the external speed sensors were still frozen , the pilots didn't know the speed sɪns ði ɛksˈtɜːnl spiːd ˈsɛnsəz wə stɪl ˈfrəʊzn, ðə ˈpaɪləts dɪdnt nəʊ ðə spiːd of the plane And by mistake , the pilots slowed the plane too much, too quickly As a əv ðə pleɪn ənd baɪ mɪsˈteɪk, ðə ˈpaɪləts sləʊd ðə pleɪn tuː mʌʧ , tuː ˈkwɪkli əz eɪ result , the plane fell dramatically and crashed into the ocean Inside Listening and Speaking rɪˈzʌlt, ðə pleɪn fɛl drəˈmætɪk(ə)li ənd kræʃt ˈɪntə ði ˈəʊʃən.ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz Now, as engineers , we have to learn from accidents like these so that we can help naʊ , əz ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪəz, wi həv tə lɜːn frəm ˈæksɪdənts laɪk ðiːz səʊ ðət wi kən hɛlp prevent them in the future The Flight 447 accident revealed a need for design prɪˈvɛnt ðəm ɪn ðə ˈfjuːʧə ðə flaɪt 447 ˈæksɪdənt rɪˈviːld ə niːd fə dɪˈzaɪn improvements on our speed sensors to protect them from freezing With almost 2.9 ɪmˈpruːvmənts ɒn ˈaʊə spiːd ˈsɛnsəz tə prəˈtɛkt ðəm frəm ˈfriːzɪŋ wɪð ˈɔːlməʊst 2.9 billion people traveling every year, we must be committed to improving the safety of ˈbɪljən ˈpiːpl ˈtrævlɪŋ ˈɛvri jɪə , wi məst bi kəˈmɪtɪd tʊ ɪmˈpruːvɪŋ ðə ˈseɪfti ɒv our planes Thank you for giving me the opportunity to speak here today ˈaʊə pleɪnz θæŋk jʊ fə ˈgɪvɪŋ mi ði ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪti tə spiːk hɪə təˈdeɪ SPEAKING SKILL: Facilitating Group Discussions ˈspiːkɪŋ skɪl : fəˈsɪlɪteɪtɪŋ gruːp dɪsˈkʌʃənz Listen (Audio ) ˈlɪsn (ˈɔːdɪˌəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 1_Listen2 aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː1_ˈlɪsn Dr Wang: Okay , should we get started ? We've been learning a lot about structures Dr Wang: ˈəʊˈkeɪ, ʃəd wi gɛt ˈstɑːtɪd? wiːv biːn ˈlɜːnɪŋ ə lɒt əˈbaʊt ˈstrʌkʧəz lately And for homework , you read about a new, very complex structural design ˈleɪtli ənd fə ˈhəʊmˌwɜːk, jʊ riːd əˈbaʊt ə njuː , ˈvɛri ˈkɒmplɛks ˈstrʌkʧərəl dɪˈzaɪn that I want to talk about today So has everyone done the reading? I'll take your ðæt aɪ wɒnt tə tɔːk əˈbaʊt təˈdeɪ səʊ həz ˈɛvrɪwʌn dʌn ðə ˈriːdɪŋ ? aɪl teɪk jɔː silence as a 'yes' Maria , could you start? What's interesting about this new building? ˈsaɪləns əz ə jɛs məˈriːə, kəd jʊ stɑːt ? wɒts ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs njuː ˈbɪldɪŋ ? Maria : Well, it's really innovative because it's an 80-story , rotating building It's məˈriːə: wɛl , ɪts ˈrɪəli ɪnˈnɒvətɪv bɪˈkəz ɪts æn 80-ˈstɔːri, rəʊˈteɪtɪŋ ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪts always turning around It's going to be the first rotating skyscraper after it's ˈɔːlweɪz ˈtɜːnɪŋ əˈraʊnd ɪts ˈgəʊɪŋ tə bi ðə fɜːst rəʊˈteɪtɪŋ ˈskaɪˌskreɪpər ˈɑːftər ɪts completed kəmˈpliːtɪd Dr Wang: Yes, that's right Okay , what else? Kareem, go ahead Dr Wang: jɛs , ðæts raɪt ˈəʊˈkeɪ, wɒt ɛls ? Kareem, gəʊ əˈhɛd Kareem: Um, I thought it was interesting that the building will always be changing Kareem: əm , aɪ θɔːt ɪt wəz ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ ðət ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ wɪl ˈɔːlweɪz bi ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ shape, because each floor turns separately from the other floors Also since it's ʃeɪp , bɪˈkəz iːʧ flɔː tɜːnz ˈsɛprɪtli frəm ði ˈʌðə flɔːz ˈɔːlsəʊ sɪns ɪts https://tophonetics.com 2/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics always turning, the views from each floor will vary , too So that means you could ˈɔːlweɪz ˈtɜːnɪŋ , ðə vjuːz frəm iːʧ flɔː wɪl ˈveəri, tuː səʊ ðət miːnz jʊ kʊd wake up in the morning with the sunrise , and then at the end of the day, you could weɪk ʌp ɪn ðə ˈmɔːnɪŋ wɪð ðə ˈsʌnraɪz, ənd ðɛn ət ði ɛnd əv ðə deɪ , jʊ kʊd see the sunset from the same window siː ðə ˈsʌnsɛt frəm ðə seɪm ˈwɪndəʊ Dr Wang: Right That's definitely an interesting aspect of the building Now, I want Dr Wang: raɪt ðæts ˈdɛfɪnɪtli ən ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ ˈæspɛkt əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ naʊ , aɪ wɒnt to proceed to the second part of the article Tell me about the construction plans tə prəˈsiːd tə ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑːt əv ði ˈɑːtɪkl tɛl mi əˈbaʊt ðə kənˈstrʌkʃən plænz Yes, Maria jɛs , məˈriːə Maria : The plan is to construct each story of the building in a factory məˈriːə: ðə plæn z tə kənˈstrʌkt iːʧ ˈstɔːri əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ə ˈfæktəri Dr Wang: Yes, it'll be the first skyscraper built in a factory … Could you explain how Dr Wang: jɛs , ˈɪtl bi ðə fɜːst ˈskaɪˌskreɪpə bɪlt ɪn ə ˈfæktəri… kəd jʊ ɪksˈpleɪn haʊ they plan to this? ðeɪ plæn tə dʊ ðɪs ? Maria : Sure After they build the floors at the factory , they'll take each finished floor məˈriːə: ʃʊə ˈɑːftə ðeɪ bɪld ðə flɔːz ət ðə ˈfæktəri, ðeɪl teɪk iːʧ ˈfɪnɪʃt flɔː to the construction site and attach it to the building's center…which is a core made tə ðə kənˈstrʌkʃən saɪt ənd əˈtæʧ ɪt tə ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz ˈsɛntə …wɪʧ ɪz ə kɔː meɪd of concrete əv ˈkɒnkriːt Dr Wang: Right So what's the significance of this plan ? Kareem? Inside Listening and Speaking Dr Wang: raɪt səʊ wɒts ðə sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv ðɪs plỉn? Kareem?ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz Kareem: Well, by building each floor in a factory , they'll be able to construct the Kareem: wɛl , baɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ iːʧ flɔːr ɪn ə ˈfæktəri, ðeɪl bi ˈeɪbl tə kənˈstrʌkt ðiː building very quickly And that means they'll save money, too ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈvɛri ˈkwɪkli ənd ðət miːnz ðeɪl seɪv ˈmʌni , tuː Dr Wang: That's a good point Okay , now why don't we move on What about green Dr Wang: ðæts ə gʊd pɔɪnt ˈəʊˈkeɪ, naʊ waɪ dəʊnt wi muːv ɒn wɒt əˈbaʊt griːn technology? To me, that's a really interesting part of this building's complex design tɛkˈnɒləʤi ? tə miː , ðæts ə ˈrɪəli ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ pɑːt əv ðɪs ˈbɪldɪŋz ˈkɒmplɛks dɪˈzaɪn Kareem: I thought so , too When the skyscraper's finished, it'll be the world's first Kareem: aɪ θɔːt səʊ, tuː wɛn ðə ˈskaɪˌskreɪpəz ˈfɪnɪʃt , ˈɪtl bi ðə wɜːldz fɜːst building that can generate its own power There'll be machines between each floor ˈbɪldɪŋ ðət kən ˈʤɛnəreɪt ɪts əʊn ˈpaʊə ðeəl bi məˈʃiːnz bɪˈtwiːn iːʧ flɔː that generate wind power for the building ðæt ˈʤɛnəreɪt wɪnd ˈpaʊə fə ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ Dr Wang: Uh huh, right What you think, Gary ? Are we missing anything related Dr Wang: ʌ hʌ , raɪt wɒt dʊ jʊ θɪŋk , ˈgæri? ɑː wi ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈɛnɪθɪŋ rɪˈleɪtɪd to the building's green technology? tə ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz griːn tɛkˈnɒləʤi ? Gary : Um, I remember the article saying that the building will have external solar ˈgæri: əm , aɪ rɪˈmɛmbə ði ˈɑːtɪkl ˈseɪɪŋ ðət ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ wɪl həv ɛksˈtɜːnl ˈsəʊlə panels to generate power from the sun, too ˈpænlz tə ˈʤɛnəreɪt ˈpaʊə frəm ðə sʌn , tuː Dr Wang: Excellent, Gary But I have a question for you: This is a structural Dr Wang: ˈɛksələnt , ˈgæri bət aɪ həv ə ˈkwɛsʧən fə juː : ðɪs ɪz ə ˈstrʌkʧərəl engineering course Why should we care about green technology? ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪərɪŋ kɔːs waɪ ʃəd wi keər əˈbaʊt griːn tɛkˈnɒləʤi ? Gary : Well…we know that buildings use a lot of power and resources, and those can ˈgæri: wɛl …wi nəʊ ðət ˈbɪldɪŋz juːz ə lɒt əv ˈpaʊər ənd rɪˈsɔːsɪz , ənd ðəʊz kæn be really expensive Our clients want to save on energy costs And it's always good to bi ˈrɪəli ɪksˈpɛnsɪv ˈaʊə ˈklaɪənts wɒnt tə seɪv ɒn ˈɛnəʤi kɒsts ənd ɪts ˈɔːlweɪz gʊd tʊ help the environment , right? hɛlp ði ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt, raɪt ? Dr Wang: That's right So , since our clients are going to be asking for this, we have Dr Wang: ðæts raɪt səʊ, sɪns ˈaʊə ˈklaɪənts ə ˈgəʊɪŋ tə bi ˈɑːskɪŋ fə ðɪs , wi hæv to understand how to use green technology in the structures we build Now let's go tʊ ˌʌndəˈstænd haʊ tə juːz griːn tɛkˈnɒləʤi ɪn ðə ˈstrʌkʧəz wi bɪld naʊ lɛts gəʊ on to another topic How engineers plan to make sure the building is strong and ɒn tʊ əˈnʌðə ˈtɒpɪk haʊ dʊ ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪəz plæn tə meɪk ʃʊə ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ z strɒŋ ænd to ensure the integrity of the building? Maria , can you help us out? https://tophonetics.com 3/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics tʊ ɪnˈʃʊə ði ɪnˈtɛgrɪti əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ? məˈriːə, kən jʊ hɛlp əs aʊt? Maria : Actually , it's that central concrete core we were talking about earlier – that's məˈriːə: ˈækʧʊəli, ɪts ðət ˈsɛntrəl ˈkɒnkriːt kɔː wi wə ˈtɔːkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɜːlɪə – ðæts what provides the strength and support for the building wɒt prəˈvaɪdz ðə strɛŋθ ənd səˈpɔːt fə ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ Dr Wang: Exactly Okay , so let's summarize the article What are some aspects of Dr Wang: ɪgˈzæktli ˈəʊˈkeɪ, səʊ lɛts ˈsʌməraɪz ði ˈɑːtɪkl wɒt ə səm ˈæspɛkts ɒv this building that make it unique or special? Gary ? ðɪs ˈbɪldɪŋ ðət meɪk ɪt juːˈniːk ɔː ˈspɛʃəl ? ˈgæri? Gary : Well, it's the first rotating skyscraper It's also going to be constructed in a ˈgæri: wɛl , ɪts ðə fɜːst rəʊˈteɪtɪŋ ˈskaɪˌskreɪpə ɪts ˈɔːlsəʊ ˈgəʊɪŋ tə bi kənˈstrʌktɪd ɪn eɪ factory and then attached to a central core That's never been done before with a ˈfæktəri ənd ðɛn əˈtæʧt tʊ ə ˈsɛntrəl kɔː ðæts ˈnɛvə biːn dʌn bɪˈfɔː wɪð eɪ skyscraper ˈskaɪˌskreɪpə Dr Wang: Okay , and … Dr Wang: ˈəʊˈkeɪ, ænd … Maria : And it uses green technology that enables the building to generate its own məˈriːə: ənd ɪt ˈjuːzɪz griːn tɛkˈnɒləʤi ðət ɪˈneɪblz ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ tə ˈʤɛnəreɪt ɪts əʊn power.Inside Listening and Speaking ˈpaʊə ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz Dr Wang: That's a good summary I think that covers everything Any questions Dr Wang: ðæts ə gʊd ˈsʌməri aɪ θɪŋk ðət ˈkʌvəz ˈɛvrɪθɪŋ ˈɛni ˈkwɛsʧənz about the reading assignment, then? Okay , let's move on to the next topic əˈbaʊt ðə ˈriːdɪŋ əˈsaɪnmənt , ðɛn ? ˈəʊˈkeɪ, lɛts muːv ɒn tə ðə nɛkst ˈtɒpɪk End of Unit Task B (Audio ) ɛnd əv ˈjuːnɪt tɑːsk biː (ˈɔːdɪˌəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 1_End_B aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː1_ɛnd _biː F 1: Hello My name is Sarah Stewart, and I'm the head engineer for the landfill ɛf1: hɛˈləʊ maɪ neɪm z ˈseərə ˈstjʊət , ənd aɪm ðə hɛd ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪə fə ðə ˈlændfɪl project Building this new landfill will result in several benefits for our area , and I'd ˈprɒʤɛkt ˈbɪldɪŋ ðɪs njuː ˈlændfɪl wɪl rɪˈzʌlt ɪn ˈsɛvrəl ˈbɛnɪfɪts fər ˈaʊər ˈeərɪə, ənd aɪd like to discuss those benefits with you today laɪk tə dɪsˈkʌs ðəʊz ˈbɛnɪfɪts wɪð jʊ təˈdeɪ Now we all know that landfills are places for our waste materials and other garbage naʊ wi ɔːl nəʊ ðət ˈlændfɪlz ə ˈpleɪsɪz fər ˈaʊə weɪst məˈtɪərɪəlz ənd ˈʌðə ˈgɑːbɪʤ Currently, we're paying other cities to take our trash, and that's costing us a lot of ˈkʌrəntli , wɪə ˈpeɪɪŋ ˈʌðə ˈsɪtiz tə teɪk ˈaʊə træʃ , ənd ðæts ˈkɒstɪŋ əs ə lɒt ɒv money The new landfill will enable us to save a lot of money because we won't have ˈmʌni ðə njuː ˈlændfɪl wɪl ɪˈneɪbl əs tə seɪv ə lɒt əv ˈmʌni bɪˈkəz wi wəʊnt hæv to pay other cities anymore tə peɪ ˈʌðə ˈsɪtiz ˌɛniˈmɔː Also , we can recover gas from waste and garbage The gas that we take from our ˈɔːlsəʊ, wi kən rɪˈkʌvə gæs frəm weɪst ənd ˈgɑːbɪʤ ðə gæs ðət wi teɪk frəm ˈaʊə garbage can be used to produce power, so this will decrease our city's energy costs ˈgɑːbɪʤ kən bi juːzd tə ˈprɒdjuːs ˈpaʊə , səʊ ðɪs wɪl ˈdiːkriːs ˈaʊə ˈsɪtiz ˈɛnəʤi kɒsts Finally , a landfill is one of the safest ways to store garbage As a result , we can limit ˈfaɪnəli, ə ˈlændfɪl z wʌn əv ðə ˈseɪfɪst weɪz tə stɔː ˈgɑːbɪʤ əz ə rɪˈzʌlt, wi kən ˈlɪmɪt environmental problems So overall , this is a great project that will benefit us all ɪnˌvaɪərənˈmɛntl ˈprɒbləmz səʊ ˈəʊvərɔːl, ðɪs ɪz ə greɪt ˈprɒʤɛkt ðət wɪl ˈbɛnɪfɪt əs ɔːl Thank you θæŋk juː End of Unit Task C (Audio ) ɛnd əv ˈjuːnɪt tɑːsk siː (ˈɔːdɪˌəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 1_End_C aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː1_ɛnd _siː M 1: Good afternoon I'm Frank Yamato My environmental protection company did ɛm1: gʊd ˈɑːftəˈnuːn aɪm fræŋk Yamato maɪ ɪnˌvaɪərənˈmɛntl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈkʌmpəni dɪd a study of the landfill project , and our study revealed several negative effects of ə ˈstʌdi əv ðə ˈlændfɪl ˈprɒʤɛkt, ənd ˈaʊə ˈstʌdi rɪˈviːld ˈsɛvrəl ˈnɛgətɪv ɪˈfɛkts ɒv building the landfill ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə ˈlændfɪl First, they want to build the landfill very close to homes and families In fact , there fɜːst , ðeɪ wɒnt tə bɪld ðə ˈlændfɪl ˈvɛri kləʊs tə həʊmz ənd ˈfæmɪliz ɪn fækt, ðeə https://tophonetics.com 4/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics are around 100,000 people living near the landfill site Those people would have to ɑːr əˈraʊnd 100,000 ˈpiːpl ˈlɪvɪŋ nɪə ðə ˈlændfɪl saɪt ðəʊz ˈpiːpl wəd həv tʊ live with terrible smells and other chemicals from the landfill , which can even lead lɪv wɪð ˈtɛrəbl smɛlz ənd ˈʌðə ˈkɛmɪkəlz frəm ðə ˈlændfɪl, wɪʧ kən ˈiːvən liːd to serious health problems tə ˈsɪərɪəs hɛlθ ˈprɒbləmz Another negative effect of the landfill is water pollution Almost 25 percent of our əˈnʌðə ˈnɛgətɪv ɪˈfɛkt əv ðə ˈlændfɪl z ˈwɔːtə pəˈluːʃən ˈɔːlməʊst 25 pəˈsɛnt əv ˈaʊə water comes from underground-right under our city , in fact The proposed landfill ˈwɔːtə kʌmz frəm ˈʌndəgraʊnd -raɪt ˈʌndər ˈaʊə ˈsɪti, ɪn fækt ðə prəˈpəʊzd ˈlændfɪl site is very close to an important water source As a result , the landfill could pollute saɪt s ˈvɛri kləʊs tʊ ən ɪmˈpɔːtənt ˈwɔːtə sɔːs əz ə rɪˈzʌlt, ðə ˈlændfɪl kəd pəˈluːt our water supply ˈaʊə ˈwɔːtə səˈplaɪ And also , since this is a big project , it'll cost a lot of money and take a long time to ənd ˈɔːlsəʊ, sɪns ðɪs ɪz ə bɪg ˈprɒʤɛkt, ˈɪtl kɒst ə lɒt əv ˈmʌni ənd teɪk ə lɒŋ taɪm tʊ complete We think it would be cheaper to spend money on improving our local kəmˈpliːt wi θɪŋk ɪt wəd bi ˈʧiːpə tə spɛnd ˈmʌni ɒn ɪmˈpruːvɪŋ ˈaʊə ˈləʊkəl recycling facility In conclusion , we think that there are just too many negative ˌriːˈsaɪklɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn kənˈkluːʒən, wi θɪŋk ðət ðər ə ʤəst tuː ˈmɛni ˈnɛgətɪv aspects of this project Therefore, our company strongly recommends not building ˈæspɛkts əv ðɪs ˈprɒʤɛkt ˈðeəfɔː , ˈaʊə ˈkʌmpəni ˈstrɒŋli ˌrɛkəˈmɛndz nɒt ˈbɪldɪŋ the landfill Inside Listening and Speaking ðə ˈlændfɪl.ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz Unit A Marketplace of Ideas ˈjuːnɪt ə ˈmɑːkɪtpleɪs əv aɪˈdɪəz BUSINESS ˈbɪznɪs LISTENING SKILL: Abbreviations and Symbols ˈlɪsnɪŋ skɪl : əˌbriːvɪˈeɪʃ(ə)nz ənd ˈsɪmbəlz Watch (Video ) wɒʧ (ˈvɪdɪəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 2_Watch1 aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː2_wɒʧ Reporter: I'm here with entrepreneur Susan Shahi to talk about her company, rɪˈpɔːtə : aɪm hɪə wɪð ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː ˈsuːz(ə)n Shahi tə tɔːk əˈbaʊt hə ˈkʌmpəni, Central Square It's a new, popular shared workspace Susan , thanks for joining us ˈsɛntrəl skweə ɪts ə njuː , ˈpɒpjʊlə ʃeəd workspace ˈsuːz(ə)n, θæŋks fə ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ʌs Susan Shahi: My pleasure, thanks for having me ˈsuːz(ə)n Shahi: maɪ ˈplɛʒə , θæŋks fə ˈhævɪŋ miː Reporter: So , could you tell our listeners what a shared workspace is ? rɪˈpɔːtə : səʊ, kəd jʊ tɛl ˈaʊə ˈlɪsnəz wɒt ə ʃeəd workspace ɪz? Susan Shahi: Sure A shared workspace brings small, new businesses together in ˈsuːz(ə)n Shahi: ʃʊə ə ʃeəd workspace brɪŋz smɔːl, njuː ˈbɪznɪsɪz təˈgɛðər ɪn one office At Central Square, our office is one big open space with several different wʌn ˈɒfɪs ət ˈsɛntrəl skweə , ˈaʊər ˈɒfɪs ɪz wʌn bɪg ˈəʊpən speɪs wɪð ˈsɛvrəl ˈdɪfrənt companies in it , so it's easy to meet and converse with people in different fields ˈkʌmpəniz ɪn ɪt, səʊ ɪts ˈiːzi tə miːt ənd kənˈvɜːs wɪð ˈpiːpl ɪn ˈdɪfrənt fiːldz They can share business ideas and information It's really amazing because you have ðeɪ kən ʃeə ˈbɪznɪs aɪˈdɪəz ənd ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən ɪts ˈrɪəli əˈmeɪzɪŋ bɪˈkəz jʊ hæv talented people around you who you can network with And everyone saves time ˈtæləntɪd ˈpiːpl əˈraʊnd jʊ huː jʊ kən ˈnɛtwɜːk wɪð ənd ˈɛvrɪwʌn seɪvz taɪm and money by helping each other ənd ˈmʌni baɪ ˈhɛlpɪŋ iːʧ ˈʌðə Reporter: Sounds really interesting So , how did you get the idea to open a shared rɪˈpɔːtə : saʊndz ˈrɪəli ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ səʊ, haʊ dɪd jʊ gɛt ði aɪˈdɪə tʊ ˈəʊpən ə ʃeəd workspace? workspace? Susan Shahi: Well, I was working on another business last year I had a home office, ˈsuːz(ə)n Shahi: wɛl , aɪ wəz ˈwɜːkɪŋ ɒn əˈnʌðə ˈbɪznɪs lɑːst jɪə aɪ həd ə həʊm ˈɒfɪs , and I felt really isolated there I wanted to discuss my ideas with other people who ənd aɪ fɛlt ˈrɪəli ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd ðeə aɪ ˈwɒntɪd tə dɪsˈkʌs maɪ aɪˈdɪəz wɪð ˈʌðə ˈpiːpl huː had experience in different areas of business than me So one day, I was talking with həd ɪksˈpɪərɪəns ɪn ˈdɪfrənt ˈeərɪəz əv ˈbɪznɪs ðən miː səʊ wʌn deɪ , aɪ wəz ˈtɔːkɪŋ wɪð a friend who told me about a shared office space in San Francisco https://tophonetics.com I thought it would 5/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics ə frɛnd huː təʊld mi əˈbaʊt ə ʃeəd ˈɒfɪs speɪs ɪn sæn frɑːnˈsiːskəʊ aɪ θɔːt ɪt wʊd be great to open one here And , that's how I got the idea to open Central Square bi greɪt tʊ ˈəʊpən wʌn hɪə ænd, ðæts haʊ aɪ gɒt ði aɪˈdɪə tʊ ˈəʊpən ˈsɛntrəl skweə Reporter: Got it And what kinds of companies are renting space from you? rɪˈpɔːtə : gɒt ɪt ənd wɒt kaɪndz əv ˈkʌmpəniz ə ˈrɛntɪŋ speɪs frəm juː ? Susan Shahi: A wide range We have technology, fashion design , freelance ˈsuːz(ə)n Shahi: ə waɪd reɪnʤ wi həv tɛkˈnɒləʤi , ˈfæʃən dɪˈzaɪn, ˈfriːˌlɑːns writers…and that mix is so important Just last month, a design company worked on ˈraɪtəz …ənd ðət mɪks ɪz səʊ ɪmˈpɔːtənt ʤəst lɑːst mʌnθ , ə dɪˈzaɪn ˈkʌmpəni wɜːkt ɒn the styling for a software developer's logo In return, the developer helped the ðə ˈstaɪlɪŋ fər ə ˈsɒftweə dɪˈvɛləpəz ˈləʊgəʊ ɪn rɪˈtɜːn, ðə dɪˈvɛləpə hɛlpt ðiː designer with her website So , two of our new, small businesses helped each other, dɪˈzaɪnə wɪð hə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt səʊ, tuː əv ˈaʊə njuː , smɔːl ˈbɪznɪsɪz hɛlpt iːʧ ˈʌðə , and it was in their mutual interest to so And that's what we here ənd ɪt wəz ɪn ðeə ˈmjuːtjʊəl ˈɪntrɪst tə dʊ səʊ ənd ðæts wɒt wi dʊ hɪə Reporter: That sounds great So , how can I rent office space at Central Square? rɪˈpɔːtə : ðæt saʊndz greɪt səʊ, haʊ kən aɪ rɛnt ˈɒfɪs speɪs ət ˈsɛntrəl skweə ? Susan Shahi: Well, we have monthly, weekly, and daily rental spaces , so small ˈsuːz(ə)n Shahi: wɛl , wi həv ˈmʌnθli , ˈwiːkli , ənd ˈdeɪli ˈrɛntl ˈspeɪsɪz, səʊ smɔːl businesses don't have to commit to a longer lease than they need You know, new ˈbɪznɪsɪz dəʊnt həv tə kəˈmɪt tʊ ə ˈlɒŋgə liːs ðən ðeɪ niːd jʊ nəʊ , njuː businesses often cease to exist because of the high rent for office space So ourInside Listening and Speaking ˈbɪznɪsɪz ˈɒf(ə)n siːs tʊ ɪgˈzɪst bɪˈkəz əv ðə haɪ rɛnt fər ˈɒfɪs speɪs səʊ ourInside ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz cheaper shared rental space gives new businesses a chance to succeed during the ˈʧiːpə ʃeəd ˈrɛntl speɪs gɪvz njuː ˈbɪznɪsɪz ə ʧɑːns tə səkˈsiːd ˈdjʊərɪŋ ðiː preliminary stages of their development prɪˈlɪmɪnəri ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ðeə dɪˈvɛləpmənt Reporter: Clearly, your business is doing very well Do you anything to find new rɪˈpɔːtə : ˈklɪəli , jə ˈbɪznɪs ɪz ˈdu(ː)ɪŋ ˈvɛri wɛl dʊ jʊ dʊ ˈɛnɪθɪŋ tə faɪnd njuː customers? ˈkʌstəməz ? Susan Shahi: We don't really have to much People hear about us from their ˈsuːz(ə)n Shahi: wi dəʊnt ˈrɪəli həv tə dʊ mʌʧ ˈpiːpl hɪər əˈbaʊt əs frəm ðeə friends, their coworkers , other people they know We coordinate social events frɛndz , ðeə ˌkəʊˈwɜːkəz, ˈʌðə ˈpiːpl ðeɪ nəʊ wi dʊ kəʊˈɔːdnɪt ˈsəʊʃəl ɪˈvɛnts and 'Networking Nights,’ though, which have helped us to find new customers ənd ˈnɛtwɜːkɪŋ naɪts ,’ ðəʊ , wɪʧ həv hɛlpt əs tə faɪnd njuː ˈkʌstəməz Reporter: And what are your plans for the future ? rɪˈpɔːtə : ənd wɒt ə jə plænz fə ðə ˈfjuːʧə? Susan Shahi: I think the next evolution in our business is to rent temporary space to ˈsuːz(ə)n Shahi: aɪ θɪŋk ðə nɛkst ˌiːvəˈluːʃən ɪn ˈaʊə ˈbɪznɪs ɪz tə rɛnt ˈtɛmpərəri speɪs tʊ companies that expand seasonally Like accounting firms , which always hire more ˈkʌmpəniz ðət ɪksˈpænd ˈsiːzənli laɪk əˈkaʊntɪŋ fɜːmz, wɪʧ ˈɔːlweɪz ˈhaɪə mɔː staff and need more space during tax season We could also rent to large retail stɑːf ənd niːd mɔː speɪs ˈdjʊərɪŋ tæks ˈsiːzn wi kəd ˈɔːlsəʊ rɛnt tə lɑːʤ ˈriːteɪl stores that take on extra customer service representatives for temporary call stɔːz ðət teɪk ɒn ˈɛkstrə ˈkʌstəmə ˈsɜːvɪs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪvz fə ˈtɛmpərəri kɔːl centers during big shopping seasons, like right before children return to school ˈsɛntəz ˈdjʊərɪŋ bɪg ˈʃɒpɪŋ ˈsiːznz , laɪk raɪt bɪˈfɔː ˈʧɪldrən rɪˈtɜːn tə skuːl Reporter: Sounds like you're positioned to grow What advice would you give to rɪˈpɔːtə : saʊndz laɪk jʊə pəˈzɪʃənd tə grəʊ wɒt ədˈvaɪs wəd jʊ gɪv tʊ other entrepreneurs? ˈʌðər ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːz ? Susan Shahi: Hmm My advice is to be willing to take risks and be willing to fail ˈsuːz(ə)n Shahi: Hmm maɪ ədˈvaɪs ɪz tə bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tə teɪk rɪsks ənd bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tə feɪl Very few people succeed on their first try You have to have the courage to pursue ˈvɛri fjuː ˈpiːpl səkˈsiːd ɒn ðeə fɜːst traɪ jʊ həv tə həv ðə ˈkʌrɪʤ tə pəˈsjuː new ideas even if other ideas have failed That's how you learn That's how you njuː aɪˈdɪəz ˈiːvən ɪf ˈʌðər aɪˈdɪəz həv feɪld ðæts haʊ jʊ lɜːn ðæts haʊ juː create a company that makes you a millionaire kri(ː)ˈeɪt ə ˈkʌmpəni ðət meɪks jʊ ə ˌmɪljəˈneə SPEAKING SKILL: Supporting Opinions ˈspiːkɪŋ skɪl : səˈpɔːtɪŋ əˈpɪnjənz Watch (Video ) wɒʧ (ˈvɪdɪəʊ) https://tophonetics.com 6/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics ILS _L 2_U 2_Watch2 aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː2_wɒʧ M 1: Hello everyone Today we'll be starting our discussion of international business ɛm1: hɛˈləʊ ˈɛvrɪwʌn təˈdeɪ wiːl bi ˈstɑːtɪŋ ˈaʊə dɪsˈkʌʃən əv ˌɪntə(ː)ˈnæʃənl ˈbɪznɪs in the Middle East So we'll be learning about major centers for business in the ɪn ðə ˈmɪdl iːst səʊ wiːl bi ˈlɜːnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈmeɪʤə ˈsɛntəz fə ˈbɪznɪs ɪn ðiː region -cities like Doha , Abu Dhabi, and Dubai that are large and are growing even ˈriːʤən-ˈsɪtiz laɪk ˈdəʊhɑː, ˈæbʊ ˈdɑːbi , ənd duːˈbaɪ ðət ə lɑːʤ ənd ə ˈgrəʊɪŋ ˈiːvən larger ˈlɑːʤə Dubai is one of the best examples in the region of a modern, global city But that duːˈbaɪ z wʌn əv ðə bɛst ɪgˈzɑːmplz ɪn ðə ˈriːʤən əv ə ˈmɒdən, ˈgləʊbəl ˈsɪti bət ðæt wasn't always true In the 1970s , most of Dubai was desert, and there were actually wɒznt ˈɔːlweɪz truː ɪn ðiː 1970ɛs, məʊst əv duːˈbaɪ wəz ˈdɛzət , ənd ðə wər ˈækʧʊəli only around 180,000 people living in the whole city The economy was mainly ˈəʊnli əˈraʊnd 180,000 ˈpiːpl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə həʊl ˈsɪti ði i(ː)ˈkɒnəmi wəz ˈmeɪnli focused on oil At the time , Dubai's leaders made a strategic decision to expand the ˈfəʊkəst ɒn ɔɪl ət ðə taɪm, duːˈbaɪz ˈliːdəz meɪd ə strəˈtiːʤɪk dɪˈsɪʒən tʊ ɪksˈpænd ðiː economic focus Their strategy was to invest in infrastructure, to make ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈfəʊkəs ðeə ˈstrætɪʤi wəz tʊ ɪnˈvɛst ɪn ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌkʧə, tə meɪk transportation into and out of Dubai easier ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃən ˈɪntə ənd aʊt əv duːˈbaɪ ˈiːzɪə So , governing authorities built a shipping port Today, Dubai has the largest manInside Listening and Speaking səʊ, ˈgʌvənɪŋ ɔːˈθɒrɪtiz bɪlt ə ˈʃɪpɪŋ pɔːt təˈdeɪ , duːˈbaɪ həz ðə ˈlɑːʤɪst manInside ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz made port in the world And there are 850 companies that operate there-that meɪd pɔːt ɪn ðə wɜːld ənd ðər ɑː 850 ˈkʌmpəniz ðət ˈɒpəreɪt ðeə -ðæt includes large multinationals like Sony , Grundig, and Daewoo ɪnˈkluːdz lɑːʤ ˌmʌltɪˈnæʃənlz laɪk ˈsəʊni, Grundig, ənd Daewoo Dubai also built an international airport , which is now the third busiest airport in duːˈbaɪ ˈɔːlsəʊ bɪlt ən ˌɪntə(ː)ˈnæʃənl ˈeəpɔːt, wɪʧ ɪz naʊ ðə θɜːd ˈbɪzɪɪst ˈeəpɔːt ɪn the world Incredibly , it produces 28% of Dubai's total income, at 22 billion dollars a ðə wɜːld ɪnˈkrɛdəbli, ɪt ˈprɒdjuːsɪz 28% əv duːˈbaɪz ˈtəʊtl ˈɪnkʌm , æt 22 ˈbɪljən ˈdɒləz eɪ year The shipping port and airport have made Dubai a hub of trade in the Middle jɪə ðə ˈʃɪpɪŋ pɔːt ənd ˈeəpɔːt həv meɪd duːˈbaɪ ə hʌb əv treɪd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdl East In fact , many products in Bahrain , Kuwait , Doha , and Abu Dhabi came into the iːst ɪn fækt, ˈmɛni ˈprɒdʌkts ɪn bɑːˈreɪn, kʊˈweɪt, ˈdəʊhɑː, ənd ˈæbʊ ˈdɑːbi keɪm ˈɪntə ðiː region in Dubai ˈriːʤən ɪn duːˈbaɪ Another part of Dubai's business strategy is its “ free zones,” or tax-free əˈnʌðə pɑːt əv duːˈbaɪz ˈbɪznɪs ˈstrætɪʤi z ɪts “friː zəʊnz,” ɔː ˈtæksˈfriː neighborhoods There are over 20 of these free zones, and there are no personal or ˈneɪbəhʊdz ðər ər ˈəʊvə 20 əv ðiːz friː zəʊnz, ənd ðər ə nəʊ ˈpɜːsnl ɔː corporate income taxes in them, so they're good places to set up a business And ˈkɔːpərɪt ˈɪnkʌm ˈtæksɪz ɪn ðɛm , səʊ ðeə gʊd ˈpleɪsɪz tə sɛt ʌp ə ˈbɪznɪs ænd companies from all over the world have done just that Many of the free zones focus ˈkʌmpəniz frəm ɔːl ˈəʊvə ðə wɜːld həv dʌn ʤəst ðæt ˈmɛni əv ðə friː zəʊnz ˈfəʊkəs on one particular type of business, so that high tech companies are together in one ɒn wʌn pəˈtɪkjʊlə taɪp əv ˈbɪznɪs , səʊ ðət haɪ tɛk ˈkʌmpəniz ə təˈgɛðər ɪn wʌn free zone and commodities such as gold and diamonds are traded in another I want friː zəʊn ənd kəˈmɒdɪtiz sʌʧ əz gəʊld ənd ˈdaɪəməndz ə ˈtreɪdɪd ɪn əˈnʌðə aɪ wɒnt to note that the free zones have brought in a lot of investment from China ; more and tə nəʊt ðət ðə friː zəʊnz həv brɔːt ɪn ə lɒt əv ɪnˈvɛstmənt frəm ˈʧaɪnə; mɔːr ænd more Chinese companies are using Dubai as their base for trading in the Middle mɔː ˌʧaɪˈniːz ˈkʌmpəniz ə ˈjuːzɪŋ duːˈbaɪ əz ðeə beɪs fə ˈtreɪdɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmɪdl East iːst Along with this, the government simplified business regulations to make it easier for əˈlɒŋ wɪð ðɪs , ðə ˈgʌvnmənt ˈsɪmplɪfaɪd ˈbɪznɪs ˌrɛgjʊˈleɪʃənz tə meɪk ɪt ˈiːzɪə fɔː people to come to Dubai and start a company In some cases , it takes just a few days ˈpiːpl tə kʌm tə duːˈbaɪ ənd stɑːt ə ˈkʌmpəni ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, ɪt teɪks ʤəst ə fjuː deɪz to establish a new business So it's not surprising that around 80% of the people tʊ ɪsˈtæblɪʃ ə njuː ˈbɪznɪs səʊ ɪts nɒt səˈpraɪzɪŋ ðət əˈraʊnd 80% əv ðə ˈpiːpl living in Dubai are immigrants from other countries looking for business ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn duːˈbaɪ ər ˈɪmɪgrənts frəm ˈʌðə ˈkʌntriz ˈlʊkɪŋ fə ˈbɪznɪs opportunities and jobs In fact , about 100,000 people move there every year https://tophonetics.com 7/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtiz ənd ʤɒbz ɪn fækt, əˈbaʊt 100,000 ˈpiːpl muːv ðeər ˈɛvri jɪə All of this investment coming in to Dubai means that people can have a very high ɔːl əv ðɪs ɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈkʌmɪŋ ɪn tə duːˈbaɪ miːnz ðət ˈpiːpl kən həv ə ˈvɛri haɪ quality of life there, including world-class shopping and entertainment For example , ˈkwɒlɪti əv laɪf ðeə , ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ wɜːld -klɑːs ˈʃɒpɪŋ ənd ˌɛntəˈteɪnmənt fər ɪgˈzɑːmpl, the Dubai Mall is the world's largest mall There's another large shopping center, ðə duːˈbaɪ mɔːl z ðə wɜːldz ˈlɑːʤɪst mɔːl ðəz əˈnʌðə lɑːʤ ˈʃɒpɪŋ ˈsɛntə , called the Mall of the Emirates that has five indoor ski slopes-so you can ski on kɔːld ðə mɔːl əv ði ˈɛmɪrɪt ðət həz faɪv ˈɪndɔː skiː sləʊps-səʊ jʊ kən skiː ɒn snow when it's 104 degrees Fahrenheit outside And one of the next big projects is a snəʊ wɛn ɪts 104 dɪˈgriːz ˈfærənhaɪt ˌaʊtˈsaɪd ənd wʌn əv ðə nɛkst bɪg ˈprɒʤɛkts ɪz eɪ 65 billion dollar theme park, called Dubai Land 65 ˈbɪljən ˈdɒlə θiːm pɑːk , kɔːld duːˈbaɪ lænd Dubai has also focused on attracting high-quality health care workers and duːˈbaɪ həz ˈɔːlsəʊ ˈfəʊkəst ɒn əˈtræktɪŋ haɪ -ˈkwɒlɪti hɛlθ keə ˈwɜːkəz ænd educational institutions There are excellent hospitals and doctors And quite a few ˌɛdju(ː)ˈkeɪʃənl ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənz ðər ər ˈɛksələnt ˈhɒspɪtlz ənd ˈdɒktəz ənd kwaɪt ə fjuː famous schools and universities from Great Britain, Canada , Australia , and the ˈfeɪməs skuːlz ənd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪtiz frəm greɪt ˈbrɪtn , ˈkænədə, ɒˈstreɪliːə, ənd ðiː United States have international campuses in Dubai jʊˈnaɪtɪd steɪts həv ˌɪntə(ː)ˈnæʃənl ˈkæmpəsɪz ɪn duːˈbaɪ So these are some of the things that Dubai has done to make itself an international səʊ ðiːz ə səm əv ðə θɪŋz ðət duːˈbaɪ həz dʌn tə meɪk ɪtˈsɛlf ən ˌɪntə(ː)ˈnæʃənl center for business Things have really changed there since the 1970s Now, oil ˈsɛntə fə ˈbɪznɪs θɪŋz həv ˈrɪəli ʧeɪnʤd ðeə sɪns ðiː 1970ɛs naʊ , ɔɪl brings in only about four percent of the GDP For your reading this week, we're brɪŋz ɪn ˈəʊnli əˈbaʊt fɔː pəˈsɛnt əv ðə ʤiː-diː-piː fə jə ˈriːdɪŋ ðɪs wiːk , wɪə going to be studying trade regulations in Dubai and other major cities in the region …Inside Listening and Speaking ˈgəʊɪŋ tə bi ˈstʌdiɪŋ treɪd ˌrɛgjʊˈleɪʃənz ɪn duːˈbaɪ ənd ˈʌðə ˈmeɪʤə ˈsɪtiz ɪn ðə ˈriːʤən…ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz Unit Enhancing Reality ˈjuːnɪt ɪnˈhɑːnsɪŋ ri(ː)ˈælɪti TECHNOLOGY tɛkˈnɒləʤi LISTENING SKILL: Signal Phrases ˈlɪsnɪŋ skɪl : ˈsɪgnl ˈfreɪzɪz Listen (Audio ) ˈlɪsn (ˈɔːdɪˌəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 3_Listen1 aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː3_ˈlɪsn M 1: Good afternoon , everyone Notice anything…different? Anyone notice my stylish ɛm1: gʊd ˈɑːftəˈnuːn, ˈɛvrɪwʌn ˈnəʊtɪs ˈɛnɪθɪŋ …ˈdɪfrənt ? ˈɛnɪwʌn ˈnəʊtɪs maɪ ˈstaɪlɪʃ high-tech glasses? I promise you that I'm not just trying to look cool These are haɪ -tɛk ˈglɑːsɪz ? aɪ ˈprɒmɪs jʊ ðət aɪm nɒt ʤəst ˈtraɪɪŋ tə lʊk kuːl ðiːz ɑː actually augmented reality glasses Has anyone seen these before? No one ? ˈækʧʊəli ɔːgˈmɛntɪd ri(ː)ˈælɪti ˈglɑːsɪz həz ˈɛnɪwʌn siːn ðiːz bɪˈfɔː ? nəʊ wʌn? Well, augmented reality , or AR , is when you can see not only the world around you, wɛl , ɔːgˈmɛntɪd ri(ː)ˈælɪti, ɔːr eɪ-ɑː, ɪz wɛn jʊ kən siː nɒt ˈəʊnli ðə wɜːld əˈraʊnd juː , but also get computer information and images related to what you're seeing It's like bət ˈɔːlsəʊ gɛt kəmˈpjuːtər ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈɪmɪʤɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tə wɒt jʊə ˈsiːɪŋ ɪts laɪk placing a computer layer over the real world ˈpleɪsɪŋ ə kəmˈpjuːtə ˈleɪər ˈəʊvə ðə rɪəl wɜːld So first of all, I want to show you how these AR glasses work Now I'm looking out səʊ fɜːst əv ɔːl, aɪ wɒnt tə ʃəʊ jʊ haʊ ðiːz eɪ-ɑː ˈglɑːsɪz wɜːk naʊ aɪm ˈlʊkɪŋ aʊt this classroom window here With these glasses, not only I see everything that's ðɪs ˈklɑːsrʊm ˈwɪndəʊ hɪə wɪð ðiːz ˈglɑːsɪz , nɒt ˈəʊnli dʊ aɪ siː ˈɛvrɪθɪŋ ðæts outside , but I also see computer graphics with weather information For instance, ˌaʊtˈsaɪd, bət aɪ ˈɔːlsəʊ siː kəmˈpjuːtə ˈgræfɪks wɪð ˈwɛðər ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən fər ˈɪnstəns , my glasses say that it's 77 degrees and sunny outside right now Also , I'm getting maɪ ˈglɑːsɪz seɪ ðət ɪts 77 dɪˈgriːz ənd ˈsʌni ˌaʊtˈsaɪd raɪt naʊ ˈɔːlsəʊ, aɪm ˈgɛtɪŋ information on flowers and trees as I look around For example , that flower over ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən ɒn ˈflaʊəz ənd triːz əz aɪ lʊk əˈraʊnd fər ɪgˈzɑːmpl, ðæt ˈflaʊər ˈəʊvə there – my glasses say that it's an azalea It's important to note that these glasses ðeə – maɪ ˈglɑːsɪz seɪ ðət ɪts ən əˈzeɪljə ɪts ɪmˈpɔːtənt tə nəʊt ðət ðiːz ˈglɑːsɪz work as a phone, too So I can send text messages using voice commands, and I can wɜːk əz ə fəʊn , tuː səʊ aɪ kən sɛnd tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ˈjuːzɪŋ vɔɪs kəˈmɑːndz , ənd aɪ kæn https://tophonetics.com 8/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics have a phone conversation using the glasses həv ə fəʊn ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən ˈjuːzɪŋ ðə ˈglɑːsɪz Okay , next I want to talk about different applications that could work with AR ˈəʊˈkeɪ, nɛkst aɪ wɒnt tə tɔːk əˈbaʊt ˈdɪfrənt ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)nz ðət kəd wɜːk wɪð eɪ-ɑː glasses ˈglɑːsɪz Let's say you go on a trip overseas You could use an augmented reality application lɛts seɪ jʊ gəʊ ɒn ə trɪp ˌəʊvəˈsiːz jʊ kəd juːz ən ɔːgˈmɛntɪd ri(ː)ˈælɪti ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n as your tour guide You could look at a museum and see everything that's inside it əz jə tʊə gaɪd jʊ kəd lʊk ət ə mju(ː)ˈzɪəm ənd siː ˈɛvrɪθɪŋ ðæts ɪnˈsaɪd ɪt before you go in Of course, if you decide to go into the museum , you could interact bɪˈfɔː jʊ gəʊ ɪn əv kɔːs , ɪf jʊ dɪˈsaɪd tə gəʊ ˈɪntə ðə mju(ː)ˈzɪəm, jʊ kəd ˌɪntərˈækt with information and even videos related to different exhibitions there Plus, after wɪð ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈiːvən ˈvɪdɪəʊz rɪˈleɪtɪd tə ˈdɪfrənt ˌɛksɪˈbɪʃənz ðeə plʌs , ˈɑːftə the museum , when you see a restaurant that looks good, your glasses will show you ðə mju(ː)ˈzɪəm, wɛn jʊ siː ə ˈrɛstrɒnt ðət lʊks gʊd , jə ˈglɑːsɪz wɪl ʃəʊ juː the complete menu and prices as well as online reviews And then when it's time to ðə kəmˈpliːt ˈmɛnjuː ənd ˈpraɪsɪz əz wɛl əz ˈɒnˌlaɪn rɪˈvjuːz ənd ðɛn wɛn ɪts taɪm tʊ exchange money, you can use your AR glasses to compare currency rates at different ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈmʌni , jʊ kən juːz jər eɪ-ɑː ˈglɑːsɪz tə kəmˈpeə ˈkʌrənsi reɪts ət ˈdɪfrənt banks And you won't need a camera for this trip because you can take photos and bæŋks ənd jʊ wəʊnt niːd ə ˈkæmərə fə ðɪs trɪp bɪˈkəz jʊ kən teɪk ˈfəʊtəʊz ænd videos with your glasses, too ˈvɪdɪəʊz wɪð jə ˈglɑːsɪz , tuː There are plenty of other possible AR applications Let's say that after you graduate ðər ə ˈplɛnti əv ˈʌðə ˈpɒsəbl eɪ-ɑːr ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)nz lɛts seɪ ðət ˈɑːftə jʊ ˈgrædjʊət you're looking for a job Imagine if you could look at a building and see what jʊə ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə ʤɒb ɪˈmæʤɪn ɪf jʊ kəd lʊk ət ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd siː wɒt companies are inside the building and what job openings they have Along the same ˈkʌmpəniz ər ɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd wɒt ʤɒb ˈəʊpnɪŋz ðeɪ hæv əˈlɒŋ ðə seɪm lines , imagine an application giving you land information when you're hiking , so you laɪnz, ɪˈmæʤɪn ən ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n ˈgɪvɪŋ jʊ lænd ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən wɛn jʊə ˈhaɪkɪŋ, səʊ juː know if hills, roads, and rivers are ahead of you In fact , this is something the nəʊ ɪf hɪlz , rəʊdz, ənd ˈrɪvəz ər əˈhɛd əv juː ɪn fækt, ðɪs ɪz ˈsʌmθɪŋ ðiː military has already started using Inside Listening and Speaking ˈmɪlɪtəri həz ɔːlˈrɛdi ˈstɑːtɪd ˈjuːzɪŋ.ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz In addition , AR applications can be used in education If you're in the library looking ɪn əˈdɪʃ(ə)n, eɪ-ɑːr ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)nz kən bi juːzd ɪn ˌɛdju(ː)ˈkeɪʃən ɪf jʊər ɪn ðə ˈlaɪbrəri ˈlʊkɪŋ at a book with AR glasses, you'll see Internet links to videos related to your book Of ət ə bʊk wɪð eɪ-ɑː ˈglɑːsɪz , juːl siː ˈɪntəˌnɛt lɪŋks tə ˈvɪdɪəʊz rɪˈleɪtɪd tə jə bʊk ɒv course, if you get bored in the library , you'll have thousands of videos and games kɔːs , ɪf jʊ gɛt bɔːd ɪn ðə ˈlaɪbrəri, juːl həv ˈθaʊzəndz əv ˈvɪdɪəʊz ənd geɪmz stored on your glasses to entertain you But I know none of you gets bored in the stɔːd ɒn jə ˈglɑːsɪz tʊ ˌɛntəˈteɪn juː bət aɪ nəʊ nʌn əv jʊ gɛts bɔːd ɪn ðiː library , right? ˈlaɪbrəri, raɪt ? Finally , there are some great applications for AR in health and medicine For people ˈfaɪnəli, ðər ə səm greɪt ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)nz fər eɪ-ɑːr ɪn hɛlθ ənd ˈmɛdsɪn fə ˈpiːpl with heart problems , AR apps can check their heart rates and connect them with wɪð hɑːt ˈprɒbləmz, eɪ-ɑːr æps kən ʧɛk ðeə hɑːt reɪts ənd kəˈnɛkt ðəm wɪð their doctor if there's a problem There's even an application that lets medical ðeə ˈdɒktər ɪf ðəz ə ˈprɒbləm ðəz ˈiːvən ən ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n ðət lɛts ˈmɛdɪkəl students practice surgery on virtual human bodies ˈstjuːdənts ˈpræktɪs ˈsɜːʤəri ɒn ˈvɜːtjʊəl ˈhjuːmən ˈbɒdiz For the duration of class, I want you to break into groups of four I'd like each group fə ðə djʊəˈreɪʃən əv klɑːs , aɪ wɒnt jʊ tə breɪk ˈɪntə gruːps əv fɔː aɪd laɪk iːʧ gruːp to discuss a new application for augmented reality glasses You'll be developing your tə dɪsˈkʌs ə njuː ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n fər ɔːgˈmɛntɪd ri(ː)ˈælɪti ˈglɑːsɪz juːl bi dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ jɔː application throughout the week, so this planning period is key Also , as you work, ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n θru(ː)ˈaʊt ðə wiːk , səʊ ðɪs ˈplænɪŋ ˈpɪərɪəd z kiː ˈɔːlsəʊ, əz jʊ wɜːk , each group can come up and take turns using the glasses Ok , so I'm going to read iːʧ gruːp kən kʌm ʌp ənd teɪk tɜːnz ˈjuːzɪŋ ðə ˈglɑːsɪz ˈəʊˈkeɪ, səʊ aɪm ˈgəʊɪŋ tə riːd aloud the names for each group… əˈlaʊd ðə neɪmz fər iːʧ gruːp … SPEAKING SKILL: Sharing Opinions Politely https://tophonetics.com 9/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics ˈspiːkɪŋ skɪl : ˈʃeərɪŋ əˈpɪnjənz pəˈlaɪtli Listen (Audio ) ˈlɪsn (ˈɔːdɪˌəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 3_Listen2 aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː3_ˈlɪsn Moderator : Hello everyone, and welcome to Tech at Work Today, millions of robots ˈmɒdəreɪtə: hɛˈləʊ ˈɛvrɪwʌn , ənd ˈwɛlkəm tə tɛk ət wɜːk təˈdeɪ , ˈmɪljənz əv ˈrəʊbɒts are doing jobs that humans once did They're cleaning our houses , driving our cars, ɑː ˈdu(ː)ɪŋ ʤɒbz ðət ˈhjuːmənz wʌns dɪd ðeə ˈkliːnɪŋ ˈaʊə ˈhaʊzɪz, ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈaʊə kɑːz , and even providing medical services Robots are becoming a bigger part of our lives ənd ˈiːvən prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsɜːvɪsɪz ˈrəʊbɒts ə bɪˈkʌmɪŋ ə ˈbɪgə pɑːt əv ˈaʊə lɪvz every day, and they're getting smarter and faster That's why I'm here today with ˈɛvri deɪ , ənd ðeə ˈgɛtɪŋ ˈsmɑːtər ənd ˈfɑːstə ðæts waɪ aɪm hɪə təˈdeɪ wɪð scientist Edward Ballantyne… ˈsaɪəntɪst ˈɛdwəd Ballantyne… Edward: Hello ˈɛdwəd : hɛˈləʊ Moderator : … and Pritha Sarin Pritha is a researcher at the Economic Development ˈmɒdəreɪtə: …ənd Pritha Sarin Pritha z ə rɪˈsɜːʧər ət ði ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt Organization Welcome, Pritha ˌɔːgənaɪˈzeɪʃən ˈwɛlkəm , Pritha Pritha: Hi , thanks for having me Pritha: haɪ, θæŋks fə ˈhævɪŋ miː Moderator : Today we're talking about the future of manufacturing One common ˈmɒdəreɪtə: təˈdeɪ wɪə ˈtɔːkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈfjuːʧər əv ˌmænjʊˈfækʧərɪŋ wʌn ˈkɒmən concern is that the widespread use of robots in factories will cause millions of kənˈsɜːn z ðət ðə ˈwaɪdsprɛd juːz əv ˈrəʊbɒts ɪn ˈfæktəriz wɪl kɔːz ˈmɪljənz ɒv people to lose their jobs Edward, let's start with you What you think about ˈpiːpl tə luːz ðeə ʤɒbz ˈɛdwəd , lɛts stɑːt wɪð juː wɒt dʊ jʊ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt robots in the workplace ? ˈrəʊbɒts ɪn ðə ˈwɜːkˌpleɪs? Edward: I think there's nothing to worry about History has shown that robots and ˈɛdwəd : aɪ θɪŋk ðəz ˈnʌθɪŋ tə ˈwʌri əˈbaʊt ˈhɪstəri həz ʃəʊn ðət ˈrəʊbɒts ænd automation actually create economic growth Robots can work seven days a weekInside Listening and Speaking ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n ˈækʧʊəli kri(ː)ˈeɪt ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk grəʊθ ˈrəʊbɒts kən wɜːk ˈsɛvn deɪz ə weekInside ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 10 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 10 without rest, and they don't need retirement and health benefits They save wɪˈðaʊt rɛst , ənd ðeɪ dəʊnt niːd rɪˈtaɪəmənt ənd hɛlθ ˈbɛnɪfɪts ðeɪ seɪv companies time and money so that the companies can invest in new developments ˈkʌmpəniz taɪm ənd ˈmʌni səʊ ðət ðə ˈkʌmpəniz kən ɪnˈvɛst ɪn njuː dɪˈvɛləpmənts Pritha: I'm not sure that I agree Yes, we've experienced automation before, but Pritha: aɪm nɒt ʃʊə ðət aɪ əˈgriː jɛs , wiːv ɪksˈpɪərɪənst ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n bɪˈfɔː , bʌt never this fast and never this much At some factories , just one robot can substitute ˈnɛvə ðɪs fɑːst ənd ˈnɛvə ðɪs mʌʧ ət səm ˈfæktəriz, ʤəst wʌn ˈrəʊbɒt kən ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt for five human workers Most people can't retrain for new jobs fast enough to fə faɪv ˈhjuːmən ˈwɜːkəz məʊst ˈpiːpl kɑːnt ˌriːˈtreɪn fə njuː ʤɒbz fɑːst ɪˈnʌf tʊ compete with robots I think there will be significant job losses kəmˈpiːt wɪð ˈrəʊbɒts aɪ θɪŋk ðə wɪl bi sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ʤɒb ˈlɒsɪz Edward: Yes, I partially agree with you Robot technology is advancing quickly, it's ˈɛdwəd : jɛs , aɪ ˈpɑːʃəli əˈgriː wɪð juː ˈrəʊbɒt tɛkˈnɒləʤi z ədˈvɑːnsɪŋ ˈkwɪkli , ɪts true I'm reluctant to agree with you completely, because I think people adjust truː aɪm rɪˈlʌktənt tʊ əˈgriː wɪð jʊ kəmˈpliːtli , bɪˈkəz aɪ θɪŋk ˈpiːpl əˈʤʌst quickly too And we'll still need workers to design and program new robots , so there ˈkwɪkli tuː ənd wiːl stɪl niːd ˈwɜːkəz tə dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˈprəʊgræm njuː ˈrəʊbɒts, səʊ ðeə will be lots of new jobs I think the effects of job losses will be marginal wɪl bi lɒts əv njuː ʤɒbz aɪ θɪŋk ði ɪˈfɛkts əv ʤɒb ˈlɒsɪz wɪl bi ˈmɑːʤɪnəl Moderator : Let's talk about the human element Is there value in having a person ˈmɒdəreɪtə: lɛts tɔːk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈhjuːmən ˈɛlɪmənt ɪz ðeə ˈvæljuː ɪn ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈpɜːsn perform a task , instead of a machine? An interesting question came up at Google pəˈfɔːm ə tɑːsk, ɪnˈstɛd əv ə məˈʃiːn ? ən ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ ˈkwɛsʧən keɪm ʌp ət ˈguːgəl Google has developed its own driverless cars These cars have special detection ˈguːgəl həz dɪˈvɛləpt ɪts əʊn ˈdraɪvələs kɑːz ðiːz kɑːz həv ˈspɛʃəl dɪˈtɛkʃən systems that sense other cars, traffic lights, and everything else on the road, so they ˈsɪstɪmz ðət sɛns ˈʌðə kɑːz , ˈtræfɪk laɪts , ənd ˈɛvrɪθɪŋ ɛls ɒn ðə rəʊd, səʊ ðeɪ don't need a person to drive them Engineers have said that driverless detection dəʊnt niːd ə ˈpɜːsn tə draɪv ðɛm ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪəz həv sɛd ðət ˈdraɪvələs dɪˈtɛkʃən https://tophonetics.com 10/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics predict floods, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions They also help keep our prɪˈdɪkt flʌdz , ˈɜːθkweɪks , ɔː vɒlˈkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃənz ðeɪ ˈɔːlsəʊ hɛlp kiːp ˈaʊə environment clean Here's an environmental geologist we interviewed earlier ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt kliːn hɪəz ən ɪnˌvaɪərənˈmɛntl ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst wi ˈɪntəvjuːd ˈɜːlɪə Geologist F 1: Last year, our team went into a town that was having problems with ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst ɛf1: lɑːst jɪə , ˈaʊə tiːm wɛnt ˈɪntə ə taʊn ðət wəz ˈhævɪŋ ˈprɒbləmz wɪð their water supply The water was making people sick, and no one knew why We ðeə ˈwɔːtə səˈplaɪ ðə ˈwɔːtə wəz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈpiːpl sɪk , ənd nəʊ wʌn njuː waɪ wiː studied the area and found an old garbage landfill near the town It was polluting the ˈstʌdɪd ði ˈeərɪə ənd faʊnd ən əʊld ˈgɑːbɪʤ ˈlændfɪl nɪə ðə taʊn ɪt wəz pəˈluːtɪŋ ðiː water supply , so we removed the landfill and treated the water Now, the town's ˈwɔːtə səˈplaɪ, səʊ wi rɪˈmuːvd ðə ˈlændfɪl ənd ˈtriːtɪd ðə ˈwɔːtə naʊ , ðə taʊnz water is safe, and people aren't getting sick anymore Being able to help people was ˈwɔːtə z seɪf , ənd ˈpiːpl ɑːnt ˈgɛtɪŋ sɪk ˌɛniˈmɔː ˈbiːɪŋ ˈeɪbl tə hɛlp ˈpiːpl wɒz a great experience for me in my career ə greɪt ɪksˈpɪərɪəns fə mi ɪn maɪ kəˈrɪə Narrator: A second field in geology is exploration geology Exploration geologists nəˈreɪtə : ə ˈsɛkənd fiːld ɪn ʤɪˈɒləʤi z ˌɛksplɔːˈreɪʃən ʤɪˈɒləʤi ˌɛksplɔːˈreɪʃən ʤɪˈɒləʤɪsts look for natural resources They search remote places for oil , gas , and minerals such lʊk fə ˈnæʧrəl rɪˈsɔːsɪz ðeɪ sɜːʧ rɪˈməʊt ˈpleɪsɪz fər ɔɪl, gæs, ənd ˈmɪnərəlz sʌʧ as gold We interviewed this exploration geologist during her short stay in the city əz gəʊld wi ˈɪntəvjuːd ðɪs ˌɛksplɔːˈreɪʃən ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst ˈdjʊərɪŋ hə ʃɔːt steɪ ɪn ðə ˈsɪti Geologist F 2: I love being outside in nature Sometimes I work in very remote areas ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst ɛf2: aɪ lʌv ˈbiːɪŋ ˌaʊtˈsaɪd ɪn ˈneɪʧə ˈsʌmtaɪmz aɪ wɜːk ɪn ˈvɛri rɪˈməʊt ˈeərɪəz for weeks at a time , spending all day outdoors and then sleeping in a tent And it's a fə wiːks ət ə taɪm, ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔːl deɪ ˌaʊtˈdɔːz ənd ðɛn ˈsliːpɪŋ ɪn ə tɛnt ənd ɪts eɪ good thing that I have my love of nature to motivate me Last year we worked in the gʊd θɪŋ ðət aɪ həv maɪ lʌv əv ˈneɪʧə tə ˈməʊtɪveɪt miː lɑːst jɪə wi wɜːkt ɪn ðiː cold for months, and drilled wells in twelve different places before we found oil kəʊld fə mʌnθs , ənd drɪld wɛlz ɪn twɛlv ˈdɪfrənt ˈpleɪsɪz bɪˈfɔː wi faʊnd ɔɪl where we thought it would be But of course, when you find what you're looking for, weə wi θɔːt ɪt wəd biː bət əv kɔːs , wɛn jʊ faɪnd wɒt jʊə ˈlʊkɪŋ fɔː , the feeling is just amazing ðə ˈfiːlɪŋ z ʤəst əˈmeɪzɪŋ Narrator: It's also good to have a geologist around at a construction site nəˈreɪtə : ɪts ˈɔːlsəʊ gʊd tə həv ə ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst əˈraʊnd ət ə kənˈstrʌkʃən saɪt Engineering geologists make sure that land is safe for building homes, roads, and ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪərɪŋ ʤɪˈɒləʤɪsts meɪk ʃʊə ðət lænd z seɪf fə ˈbɪldɪŋ həʊmz, rəʊdz, ænd bridges This engineering geologist told us about his work ˈbrɪʤɪz ðɪs ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪərɪŋ ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst təʊld əs əˈbaʊt ɪz wɜːk Geologist (Male): When I get to a construction site , I look around at the area I ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst (meɪl ): wɛn aɪ gɛt tʊ ə kənˈstrʌkʃən saɪt, aɪ lʊk əˈraʊnd ət ði ˈeərɪə aɪ pay attention to the rocks, soil , and water on the surface, and then I use radar and peɪ əˈtɛnʃ(ə)n tə ðə rɒks , sɔɪl, ənd ˈwɔːtər ɒn ðə ˈsɜːfɪs , ənd ðɛn aɪ juːz ˈreɪdər ænd drill into the ground to find out what's under the surface I'm looking for any drɪl ˈɪntə ðə graʊnd tə faɪnd aʊt wɒts ˈʌndə ðə ˈsɜːfɪs aɪm ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈɛni possible scenarios that could happen on the site – problems like landslides , water ˈpɒsəbl sɪˈnɑːrɪəʊz ðət kəd ˈhæpən ɒn ðə saɪt – ˈprɒbləmz laɪk ˈlændslaɪdz, ˈwɔːtə leaking into the building's foundation , even earthquakes Sometimes architects have ˈliːkɪŋ ˈɪntə ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz faʊnˈdeɪʃən, ˈiːvən ˈɜːθkweɪks ˈsʌmtaɪmz ˈɑːkɪtɛkts hæv had to alter their plans based on my recommendations, and it's turned out to be həd tʊ ˈɔːltə ðeə plænz beɪst ɒn maɪ ˌrɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃənz , ənd ɪts tɜːnd aʊt tə biː very lucky that they did At the end of a project , it's a great feeling when I look up ˈvɛri ˈlʌki ðət ðeɪ dɪd ət ði ɛnd əv ə ˈprɒʤɛkt, ɪts ə greɪt ˈfiːlɪŋ wɛn aɪ lʊk ʌp and see a brand-new building that I helped with and know it's safe.Inside Listening and Speaking ənd siː ə ˈbrændˈnjuː ˈbɪldɪŋ ðət aɪ hɛlpt wɪð ənd nəʊ ɪts seɪf ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 21 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 21 Narrator: To become a geologist , you'll need a university degree in geology Starting nəˈreɪtə : tə bɪˈkʌm ə ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst, juːl niːd ə ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti dɪˈgriː ɪn ʤɪˈɒləʤi ˈstɑːtɪŋ salaries are good Also , during their careers, many geologists become managers and ˈsæləriz ə gʊd ˈɔːlsəʊ, ˈdjʊərɪŋ ðeə kəˈrɪəz , ˈmɛni ʤɪˈɒləʤɪsts bɪˈkʌm ˈmænɪʤəz ænd executives in other areas , so they're not restricted to geological work only More ɪgˈzɛkjʊtɪvz ɪn ˈʌðər ˈeərɪəz, səʊ ðeə nɒt rɪsˈtrɪktɪd tə ʤɪəˈlɒʤɪkəl wɜːk ˈəʊnli mɔː good news: there are many jobs for geologists and job opportunities are expected to gʊd njuːz : ðər ə ˈmɛni ʤɒbz fə ʤɪˈɒləʤɪsts ənd ʤɒb ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtiz ər ɪksˈpɛktɪd tʊ increase If you're interested in becoming a geologist , make sure you find a geology https://tophonetics.com 21/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics ˈɪnkriːs ɪf jʊər ˈɪntrɪstɪd ɪn bɪˈkʌmɪŋ ə ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst, meɪk ʃʊə jʊ program that matches your career goals ˈprəʊgræm ðət ˈmæʧɪz jə kəˈrɪə gəʊlz faɪnd ə ʤɪˈɒləʤi SPEAKING SKILL: Polite Requests and Interruptions ˈspiːkɪŋ skɪl : pəˈlaɪt rɪˈkwɛsts ənd ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃənz Watch (Video ) wɒʧ (ˈvɪdɪəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 7_Watch aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː7_wɒʧ Host : I'm here with geologist Dr Mark Richards He's going to explain how a biosand water filter works Good morning Dr həʊst: aɪm hɪə wɪð ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst Dr mɑːk ˈrɪʧədz hiːz ˈgəʊɪŋ tʊ ɪksˈpleɪn haʊ ə biosand ˈwɔːtə ˈfɪltə wɜːks gʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ Dr Richards Thank you for being here ˈrɪʧədz θæŋk jʊ fə ˈbiːɪŋ hɪə Dr Richards: Thanks for having me It's great to be here Dr ˈrɪʧədz : θæŋks fə ˈhævɪŋ miː ɪts greɪt tə bi hɪə Host : First of all, could you explain how you learned to make a water filtration həʊst: fɜːst əv ɔːl, kəd jʊ ɪksˈpleɪn haʊ jʊ lɜːnt tə meɪk ə ˈwɔːtə fɪlˈtreɪʃən system? ˈsɪstɪm? Dr Richards: Well, as a geologist , I often work outdoors in remote areas , Dr ˈrɪʧədz : wɛl , əz ə ʤɪˈɒləʤɪst, aɪ ˈɒf(ə)n wɜːk ˌaʊtˈdɔːz ɪn rɪˈməʊt ˈeərɪəz, sometimes for many weeks One of the things I had to learn was how to clean or ˈsʌmtaɪmz fə ˈmɛni wiːks wʌn əv ðə θɪŋz aɪ həd tə lɜːn wəz haʊ tə kliːn ɔː purify the water from the nearest stream, river , or lake so that I could drink it or ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ ðə ˈwɔːtə frəm ðə ˈnɪərɪst striːm , ˈrɪvə, ɔː leɪk səʊ ðət aɪ kəd drɪŋk ɪt ɔː cook with it I did this by making a bio -sand water filter kʊk wɪð ɪt aɪ dɪd ðɪs baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈbaɪəʊ-sænd ˈwɔːtə ˈfɪltə Host : Okay , great And you're going to explain how to make one ? həʊst: ˈəʊˈkeɪ, greɪt ənd jʊə ˈgəʊɪŋ tʊ ɪksˈpleɪn haʊ tə meɪk wʌn? Dr Richards: Yes, I am To start, you need a container , like a plastic bottle The first Dr ˈrɪʧədz : jɛs , aɪ æm tə stɑːt , jʊ niːd ə kənˈteɪnə, laɪk ə ˈplæstɪk ˈbɒtl ðə fɜːst layer is made of large stones Next , you have some smaller stones that you place on ˈleɪə z meɪd əv lɑːʤ stəʊnz nɛkst, jʊ həv səm ˈsmɔːlə stəʊnz ðət jʊ pleɪs ɒn top of the bigger ones Wet sand goes on top of that This sand layer should be tɒp əv ðə ˈbɪgə wʌnz wɛt sænd gəʊz ɒn tɒp əv ðæt ðɪs sænd ˈleɪə ʃəd biː thicker than the stone layers ˈθɪkə ðən ðə stəʊn ˈleɪəz Host : Now if I could just stop you for a moment – what is the purpose of the sand ? həʊst: naʊ ɪf aɪ kəd ʤəst stɒp jʊ fər ə ˈməʊmənt – wɒt s ðə ˈpɜːpəs əv ðə sænd? Dr Richards: The sand actually holds onto harmful viruses and bacteria as the Dr ˈrɪʧədz : ðə sænd ˈækʧʊəli həʊldz ˈɒntʊ ˈhɑːmfʊl ˈvaɪərəsɪz ənd bækˈtɪərɪə əz ðiː water passes through it It acts as a filter to remove bad smells and tastes from the ˈwɔːtə ˈpɑːsɪz θruː ɪt ɪt ækts əz ə ˈfɪltə tə rɪˈmuːv bæd smɛlz ənd teɪsts frəm ðiː water and , most importantly , can eliminate many viruses and bacteria from the ˈwɔːtər ænd, məʊst ɪmˈpɔːtəntli, kən ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt ˈmɛni ˈvaɪərəsɪz ənd bækˈtɪərɪə frəm ðiː water ˈwɔːtə Host : And how much sand you have to use? həʊst: ənd haʊ mʌʧ sænd dʊ jʊ həv tə juːz ? Dr Richards: As you can see here, you want a lot more sand than rock, probably Dr ˈrɪʧədz : əz jʊ kən siː hɪə , jʊ wɒnt ə lɒt mɔː sænd ðən rɒk , ˈprɒbəbli or times as much Then you make a small hole on the side Notice that the hole isInside Listening and Speaking ɔː taɪmz əz mʌʧ ðɛn jʊ meɪk ə smɔːl həʊl ɒn ðə saɪd ˈnəʊtɪs ðət ðə həʊl isInside ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrænskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 22 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 22 below the level of the sand We want the water to pass through the sand Now a little bɪˈləʊ ðə ˈlɛvl əv ðə sænd wi wɒnt ðə ˈwɔːtə tə pɑːs θruː ðə sænd naʊ ə ˈlɪtl tube gets inserted on the side You can use a straw, too tjuːb gɛts ɪnˈsɜːtɪd ɒn ðə saɪd jʊ kən juːz ə strɔː , tuː The dirty water will filter through… ðə ˈdɜːti ˈwɔːtə wɪl ˈfɪltə θruː … Host : I'm sorry to interrupt , could you tell us if bio -sand filters will completely həʊst: aɪm ˈsɒri tʊ ˌɪntəˈrʌpt, kəd jʊ tɛl əs ɪf ˈbaɪəʊ-sænd ˈfɪltəz wɪl kəmˈpliːtli purify the water ? ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ ðə ˈwɔːtə? Dr Richards: Under ideal circumstances , the bio -sand water filter can produce Dr ˈrɪʧədz : ˈʌndər aɪˈdɪəl ˈsɜːkəmstənsɪz, ðə ˈbaɪəʊ-sænd ˈwɔːtə ˈfɪltə kən ˈprɒdjuːs https://tophonetics.com 22/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics drinking water , but the source water must not be too contaminated , either It can ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔːtə, bət ðə sɔːs ˈwɔːtə məst nɒt bi tuː kənˈtæmɪneɪtɪd, ˈaɪðə ɪt kæn reduce turbidity as well as the percentage of pathogens , like bacteria and viruses rɪˈdjuːs tɜːˈbɪdɪti əz wɛl əz ðə pəˈsɛntɪʤ əv ˈpæθəˌʤɛnz, laɪk bækˈtɪərɪə ənd ˈvaɪərəsɪz and also … ənd ˈɔːlsəʊ… Host : I'd like to clarify -it won't produce perfectly clean water həʊst: aɪd laɪk tə ˈklærɪfaɪ-ɪt wəʊnt ˈprɒdjuːs ˈpɜːfɪktli kliːn ˈwɔːtə Dr Richards: No , it's not 100% clean However, these filters have been credited Dr ˈrɪʧədz : nəʊ, ɪts nɒt 100% kliːn haʊˈɛvə , ðiːz ˈfɪltəz həv biːn ˈkrɛdɪtɪd with improving health in many places around the world where there have been wɪð ɪmˈpruːvɪŋ hɛlθ ɪn ˈmɛni ˈpleɪsɪz əˈraʊnd ðə wɜːld weə ðə həv biːn ongoing problems with water for years Sometimes because of these water filters , ˈɒŋˌgəʊɪŋ ˈprɒbləmz wɪð ˈwɔːtə fə jɪəz ˈsʌmtaɪmz bɪˈkəz əv ðiːz ˈwɔːtə ˈfɪltəz, people are able to drink water from a nearby source for the first time and not get ˈpiːpl ər ˈeɪbl tə drɪŋk ˈwɔːtə frəm ə ˈnɪəbaɪ sɔːs fə ðə fɜːst taɪm ənd nɒt gɛt sick When you need drinking water , this simple water filter can be a lifesaver And sɪk wɛn jʊ niːd ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔːtə, ðɪs ˈsɪmpl ˈwɔːtə ˈfɪltə kən bi ə ˈlaɪfˈseɪvə ænd that is one of the most important aspects of these water filters ðæt s wʌn əv ðə məʊst ɪmˈpɔːtənt ˈæspɛkts əv ðiːz ˈwɔːtə ˈfɪltəz Host : Making your own water filtration system-that's a skill that could be very həʊst: ˈmeɪkɪŋ jər əʊn ˈwɔːtə fɪlˈtreɪʃən ˈsɪstɪm-ðæts ə skɪl ðət kəd bi ˈvɛri useful Dr Richards, thank you very much again for being our guest ˈjuːsfʊl Dr ˈrɪʧədz , θæŋk jʊ ˈvɛri mʌʧ əˈgɛn fə ˈbiːɪŋ ˈaʊə gɛst Dr Richards: My pleasure Dr ˈrɪʧədz : maɪ ˈplɛʒə Unit The Happiness Formula ˈjuːnɪt ðə ˈhæpɪnɪs ˈfɔːmjʊlə SOCIOLOGY ˌsəʊsɪˈɒləʤi LISTENING SKILL: Using Mind Maps ˈlɪsnɪŋ skɪl : ˈjuːzɪŋ maɪnd mæps Watch (Video ) wɒʧ (ˈvɪdɪəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 8_Watch1 aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː8_wɒʧ Narrator: Professor Daniel Kahneman is a scientific superstar He won a Nobel nəˈreɪtə : prəˈfɛsə ˈdænjəl Kahneman z ə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈsuːpəˌstɑː hi wʌn ə nəʊˈbɛl Prize for challenging the basis of modern economics and he's not even an economist praɪz fə ˈʧælɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ˈmɒdən ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks ənd hiːz nɒt ˈiːvən ən i(ː)ˈkɒnəmɪst He's a psychologist who wants to know how to make people happy hiːz ə saɪˈkɒləʤɪst huː wɒnts tə nəʊ haʊ tə meɪk ˈpiːpl ˈhæpi Daniel Kahneman: It's a fundamental fact in the happiness research Standard of ˈdænjəl Kahneman: ɪts ə ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl fækt ɪn ðə ˈhæpɪnɪs rɪˈsɜːʧ ˈstændəd ɒv living has increased dramatically and happiness has increased not at all, and in some ˈlɪvɪŋ həz ɪnˈkriːst drəˈmætɪk(ə)li ənd ˈhæpɪnɪs həz ɪnˈkriːst nɒt ət ɔːl, ənd ɪn sʌm cases , has diminished slightly I mean there's a lot of evidence that being richerInside Listening and Speaking ˈkeɪsɪz, həz dɪˈmɪnɪʃt ˈslaɪtli aɪ miːn ðəz ə lɒt əv ˈɛvɪdəns ðət ˈbiːɪŋ richerInside ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 23 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 23 hasn't made us isn't making us happier at least in the Western world So we ˈhæznt meɪd ʌs ˈɪznt ˈmeɪkɪŋ əs ˈhæpɪər ət liːst ɪn ðə ˈwɛstən wɜːld səʊ wiː clearly need something else ˈklɪəli niːd ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɛls Narrator: It's a huge claim Put simply , the science shows that once average nəˈreɪtə : ɪts ə hjuːʤ kleɪm pʊt ˈsɪmpli, ðə ˈsaɪəns ʃəʊz ðət wʌns ˈævərɪʤ incomes are more than ten thousand pounds a year, extra riches don't make a ˈɪnkʌmz ə mɔː ðən tɛn ˈθaʊzənd paʊndz ə jɪə , ˈɛkstrə ˈrɪʧɪz dəʊnt meɪk eɪ country any happier ˈkʌntri ˈɛni ˈhæpɪə And the British scene fits the picture ənd ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ siːn fɪts ðə ˈpɪkʧə Simply look at what's happened over the last say 50 years, 1950 to today , we've got ˈsɪmpli lʊk ət wɒts ˈhæpənd ˈəʊvə ðə lɑːst seɪ 50 jɪəz , 1950 tə təˈdeɪ, wiːv gɒt massively richer but during the same period of time , our happiness levels have ˈmæsɪvli ˈrɪʧə bət ˈdjʊərɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈpɪərɪəd əv taɪm, ˈaʊə ˈhæpɪnɪs ˈlɛvlz hæv hardly changed at all https://tophonetics.com 23/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics ˈhɑːdli ʧeɪnʤd ət ɔːl Our wealth, our possessions are like mood music in a shopping mall, pretty quickly ˈaʊə wɛlθ , ˈaʊə pəˈzɛʃənz ə laɪk muːd ˈmjuːzɪk ɪn ə ˈʃɒpɪŋ mɔːl, ˈprɪti ˈkwɪkli we filter them out, but boy, we love to shop Struggling with our bulging bags , we wi ˈfɪltə ðəm aʊt, bət bɔɪ , dʊ wi lʌv tə ʃɒp ˈstrʌglɪŋ wɪð ˈaʊə ˈbʌlʤɪŋ bægz, wiː get the same pleasure cavemen felt Echoes of returning from the hunt gɛt ðə seɪm ˈplɛʒə ˈkeɪvmən fɛlt ˈɛkəʊz əv rɪˈtɜːnɪŋ frəm ðə hʌnt Consumerism promises us happiness but the science shows there are two reasons kənˈsjuːmərɪz(ə)m ˈprɒmɪsɪz əs ˈhæpɪnɪs bət ðə ˈsaɪəns ʃəʊz ðər ə tuː ˈriːznz why it can never work We've seen one : we adapt to our material possessions And waɪ ɪt kən ˈnɛvə wɜːk wiːv siːn wʌn: wi əˈdæpt tʊ ˈaʊə məˈtɪərɪəl pəˈzɛʃənz ænd the other? ði ˈʌðə ? Scientists call it the problem of comparison Imagine you've just got yourself a brand ˈsaɪəntɪsts kɔːl ɪt ðə ˈprɒbləm əv kəmˈpærɪsn ɪˈmæʤɪn juːv ʤəst gɒt jɔːˈsɛlf ə brænd new Mini You're the only one in the street that's got one and you feel great Then njuː ˈmɪnɪ jʊə ði ˈəʊnli wʌn ɪn ðə striːt ðæts gɒt wʌn ənd jʊ fiːl greɪt ðɛn your neighbors drive up in two top of the range BMWs and suddenly, your Mini just jə ˈneɪbəz draɪv ʌp ɪn tuː tɒp əv ðə reɪnʤ biː-ɛm-ˈdʌblju(ː)z ənd ˈsʌdnli , jə ˈmɪnɪ ʤʌst doesn't it for you anymore And that's the problem of comparison dʌznt dʊ ɪt fə jʊ ˌɛniˈmɔː ənd ðæts ðə ˈprɒbləm əv kəmˈpærɪsn In our happy lab , we have recreated psychological experiments from the science of ɪn ˈaʊə ˈhæpi læb, wi həv ˈrɛkrɪeɪtɪd ˌsaɪkəˈlɒʤɪkəl ɪksˈpɛrɪmənts frəm ðə ˈsaɪəns ɒv happiness ˈhæpɪnɪs Today we're examining comparison təˈdeɪ wɪər ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ kəmˈpærɪsn We took three volunteers and asked them to a simple task wi tʊk θriː ˌvɒlənˈtɪəz ənd ɑːskt ðəm tə dʊ ə ˈsɪmpl tɑːsk What we didn't tell them was that they would be rewarded differently wɒt wi dɪdnt tɛl ðəm wəz ðət ðeɪ wəd bi rɪˈwɔːdɪd ˈdɪfrəntli F 1: There you go There's the first one ɛf1: ðeə jʊ gəʊ ðəz ðə fɜːst wʌn M 1: Thank you ɛm1: θæŋk juː F 1: Would you mind opening it ? ɛf1: wəd jʊ maɪnd ˈəʊpnɪŋ ɪt? Narrator: A fiver Inside Listening and Speaking nəˈreɪtə : ə ˈfaɪvə.ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 24 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 24 F 1: You're welcome ɛf1: jʊə ˈwɛlkəm F 2: Thank you very much ɛf2: θæŋk jʊ ˈvɛri mʌʧ F 2: Wow, thank you ɛf2: waʊ , θæŋk juː Narrator: 10 pounds And the third we paid nothing nəˈreɪtə : 10 paʊndz ənd ðə θɜːd wi peɪd ˈnʌθɪŋ F 1: How did you feel when you opened your envelope ? ɛf1: haʊ dɪd jʊ fiːl wɛn jʊ ˈəʊpənd jər ˈɛnvələʊp? M 1: Whenever you see cash, makes you feel all right ɛm1: wɛnˈɛvə jʊ siː kæʃ , meɪks jʊ fiːl ɔːl raɪt F 1: Do you feel all right? ɛf1: dʊ jʊ fiːl ɔːl raɪt ? M 1: Yeah ɛm1: jeə F 1: So you felt quite happy? ɛf1: səʊ jʊ fɛlt kwaɪt ˈhæpi ? M 1: Yes ɛm1: jɛs F 1: Okay so how did you feel when you saw the second participant opening her ɛf1: ˈəʊˈkeɪ səʊ haʊ dɪd jʊ fiːl wɛn jʊ sɔː ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt ˈəʊpnɪŋ hɜː envelope ? ˈɛnvələʊp? M 1: Well I gathered she got twice as much as me So that annoyed me, and I thought ɛm1: wɛl aɪ ˈgæðəd ʃi gɒt twaɪs əz mʌʧ əz miː səʊ ðət əˈnɔɪd miː , ənd aɪ θɔːt https://tophonetics.com 24/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics she's going to get a 50 pound note I thought I sat at the wrong end ʃiːz ˈgəʊɪŋ tə gɛt eɪ 50 paʊnd nəʊt aɪ θɔːt aɪ sæt ət ðə rɒŋ ɛnd F 1: Okay ɛf1: ˈəʊˈkeɪ Narrator: And researchers reckon we've got more consumerists In 1965, about nəˈreɪtə : ənd rɪˈsɜːʧəz ˈrɛkən wiːv gɒt mɔː kənˈsjuːmərɪsts ɪn 1965, əˈbaʊt out of 10 college students in the U S said it was essential to strive for meaning in aʊt ɒv 10 ˈkɒlɪʤ ˈstjuːdənts ɪn ðə juː.ɛs sɛd ɪt wəz ɪˈsɛnʃəl tə straɪv fə ˈmiːnɪŋ ɪn your life In 2000, about the same proportion said it was essential to strive for jə laɪf ɪn 2000, əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm prəˈpɔːʃən sɛd ɪt wəz ɪˈsɛnʃəl tə straɪv fɔː money ˈmʌni Consumerism promises to make people happy, but it cuts both ways It makes the kənˈsjuːmərɪz(ə)m ˈprɒmɪsɪz tə meɪk ˈpiːpl ˈhæpi , bət ɪt kʌts bəʊθ weɪz ɪt meɪks ðiː haves feel good for a time , while the have-nots are made to feel bad and the more hævz fiːl gʊd fər ə taɪm, waɪl ðə hæv -nots ə meɪd tə fiːl bæd ənd ðə mɔː materialist people are, the less happy they're likely to be, especially the young məˈtɪərɪəlɪst ˈpiːpl ɑː , ðə lɛs ˈhæpi ðeə ˈlaɪkli tə biː , ɪsˈpɛʃəli ðə jʌŋ M 2: One of the most concerning findings of our research with children was that the ɛm2: wʌn əv ðə məʊst kənˈsɜːnɪŋ ˈfaɪndɪŋz əv ˈaʊə rɪˈsɜːʧ wɪð ˈʧɪldrən wəz ðət ðiː children that are more brand aware, or more consumerist in that sense, came across ˈʧɪldrən ðət ə mɔː brænd əˈweə, ɔː mɔː kənˈsjuːmərɪst ɪn ðət sɛns , keɪm əˈkrɒs as less satisfied in other parts of their lives əz lɛs ˈsætɪsfaɪd ɪn ˈʌðə pɑːts əv ðeə lɪvz Narrator: They were unhappier.Inside Listening and Speaking nəˈreɪtə : ðeɪ wər ʌnˈhæpɪə ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 25 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 25 M 2: They were unhappier in that sense ɛm2: ðeɪ wər ʌnˈhæpɪər ɪn ðət sɛns SPEAKING SKILL: Checking for Understanding ˈspiːkɪŋ skɪl : ˈʧɛkɪŋ fər ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ Watch (Video ) wɒʧ (ˈvɪdɪəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 8_Watch2 aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː8_wɒʧ Host : Our world is becoming more interconnected every day, because of this, həʊst: ˈaʊə wɜːld z bɪˈkʌmɪŋ mɔːr ˌɪntə(ː)kəˈnɛktɪd ˈɛvri deɪ , bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs , studying abroad is a very important experience for students to have The Study ˈstʌdiɪŋ əˈbrɔːd z ə ˈvɛri ɪmˈpɔːtənt ɪksˈpɪərɪəns fə ˈstjuːdənts tə hæv ðə ˈstʌdi Abroad Office offers programs in eighty countries worldwide This is an opportunity əˈbrɔːd ˈɒfɪs ˈɒfəz ˈprəʊgræmz ɪn ˈeɪti ˈkʌntriz ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd ðɪs ɪz ən ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪti for students to have a once -in -a-lifetime experience overseas Let's hear about what fə ˈstjuːdənts tə həv ə wʌns-ɪn-ə-ˈlaɪftaɪm ɪksˈpɪərɪəns ˌəʊvəˈsiːz lɛts hɪər əˈbaʊt wɒt studying abroad is really like With me here is Craig Harrison who studied in China ˈstʌdiɪŋ əˈbrɔːd z ˈrɪəli laɪk wɪð mi hɪə z Craig ˈhærɪs(ə)n huː ˈstʌdɪd ɪn ˈʧaɪnə last year lɑːst jɪə So why China , Craig? səʊ waɪ ˈʧaɪnə, Craig? Craig: Well, I've always wanted to study abroad And my major is East Asian studies, Craig: wɛl , aɪv ˈɔːlweɪz ˈwɒntɪd tə ˈstʌdi əˈbrɔːd ənd maɪ ˈmeɪʤə z iːst ˈeɪʃ(ə)n ˈstʌdiz , so I thought China would be a really great place to see and experience some of the səʊ aɪ θɔːt ˈʧaɪnə wəd bi ə ˈrɪəli greɪt pleɪs tə siː ənd ɪksˈpɪərɪəns səm əv ðiː things I've been studying up until now θɪŋz aɪv biːn ˈstʌdiɪŋ ʌp ənˈtɪl naʊ Host : So you thought that the study abroad program in China matched your həʊst: səʊ jʊ θɔːt ðət ðə ˈstʌdi əˈbrɔːd ˈprəʊgræm ɪn ˈʧaɪnə mæʧt jɔː academic goals Then, how were the classes there? ˌækəˈdɛmɪk gəʊlz ðɛn , haʊ wə ðə ˈklɑːsɪz ðeə ? Craig: Well, I took two full semesters of classes at a university in Beijing , and all the Craig: wɛl , aɪ tʊk tuː fʊl sɪˈmɛstəz əv ˈklɑːsɪz ət ə ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti ɪn beɪˈʒɪŋ, ənd ɔːl ðiː courses I took transferred back home to credit in my major So as far as classes go , it ˈkɔːsɪz aɪ tʊk trænsˈfɜːd bæk həʊm tə ˈkrɛdɪt ɪn maɪ ˈmeɪʤə səʊ əz fɑːr əz ˈklɑːsɪz gəʊ, ɪt was a lot less difficult than I had anticipated In fact , it was quite easy wəz ə lɒt lɛs ˈdɪfɪkəlt ðən aɪ həd ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɪd ɪn fækt, ɪt wəz kwaɪt ˈiːzi Host : That's good https://tophonetics.com 25/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics həʊst: ðæts gʊd Craig: Yeah, it was Craig: jeə , ɪt wɒz Host : You know, when students ask me about the Study Abroad program , they often həʊst: jʊ nəʊ , wɛn ˈstjuːdənts ɑːsk mi əˈbaʊt ðə ˈstʌdi əˈbrɔːd ˈprəʊgræm, ðeɪ ˈɒf(ə)n want to know about where they're going to live Was housing something you wɒnt tə nəʊ əˈbaʊt weə ðeə ˈgəʊɪŋ tə lɪv wəz ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ juː worried about ? ˈwʌrid əˈbaʊt? Craig: Well, prior to leaving for Beijing , I had planned to live in the dorms there But Craig: wɛl , ˈpraɪə tə ˈliːvɪŋ fə beɪˈʒɪŋ, aɪ həd plænd tə lɪv ɪn ðə dɔːmz ðeə bʌt I actually ended up living with a host family instead, which the Study Abroad Offices aɪ ˈækʧʊəli ˈɛndɪd ʌp ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪð ə həʊst ˈfæmɪli ɪnˈstɛd , wɪʧ ðə ˈstʌdi əˈbrɔːd ˈɒfɪsɪz here on campus arranged for me hɪər ɒn ˈkæmpəs əˈreɪnʤd fə miː Host : So you're saying that the Study Abroad Office organized your homestay How həʊst: səʊ jʊə ˈseɪɪŋ ðət ðə ˈstʌdi əˈbrɔːd ˈɒfɪs ˈɔːgənaɪzd jə homestay haʊ was that ? Inside Listening and Speaking wəz ðỉt?ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 26 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 26 Craig: It was incredible I learned so much about Chinese culture My Mandarin Craig: ɪt wəz ɪnˈkrɛdəbl aɪ lɜːnt səʊ mʌʧ əˈbaʊt ˌʧaɪˈniːz ˈkʌlʧə maɪ ˈmændərɪn language skills improved quickly because my host family didn't speak much English ˈlæŋgwɪʤ skɪlz ɪmˈpruːvd ˈkwɪkli bɪˈkəz maɪ həʊst ˈfæmɪli dɪdnt spiːk mʌʧ ˈɪŋglɪʃ Getting to know them was one of the best aspects of my time in China ˈgɛtɪŋ tə nəʊ ðəm wəz wʌn əv ðə bɛst ˈæspɛkts əv maɪ taɪm ɪn ˈʧaɪnə Host : If I understand you correctly, you're saying homestays are a great way to həʊst: ɪf aɪ ˌʌndəˈstænd jʊ kəˈrɛktli , jʊə ˈseɪɪŋ homestays ər ə greɪt weɪ tʊ learn local language lɜːn ˈləʊkəl ˈlæŋgwɪʤ Craig: Definitely Homestays really help you to get to know the local culture, too Craig: ˈdɛfɪnɪtli Homestays ˈrɪəli hɛlp jʊ tə gɛt tə nəʊ ðə ˈləʊkəl ˈkʌlʧə , tuː Host : Then, was there anything that surprised you about the culture? həʊst: ðɛn , wəz ðeər ˈɛnɪθɪŋ ðət səˈpraɪzd jʊ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkʌlʧə ? Craig: A lot, actually You know, I had read a lot about Chinese culture before going Craig: ə lɒt, ˈækʧʊəli jʊ nəʊ , aɪ həd rɛd ə lɒt əˈbaʊt ˌʧaɪˈniːz ˈkʌlʧə bɪˈfɔː ˈgəʊɪŋ to China , but I don't think I began to really understand it until I went there and tə ˈʧaɪnə, bət aɪ dəʊnt θɪŋk aɪ bɪˈgæn tə ˈrɪəli ˌʌndəˈstænd ɪt ənˈtɪl aɪ wɛnt ðeər ænd experienced it myself ɪksˈpɪərɪənst ɪt maɪˈsɛlf Host : Can you give us an example ? həʊst: kən jʊ gɪv əs ən ɪgˈzɑːmpl? Craig: Sure I learned that when you're a guest in someone's home and the person Craig: ʃʊə aɪ lɜːnt ðət wɛn jʊər ə gɛst ɪn ˈsʌmwʌnz həʊm ənd ðə ˈpɜːsn offers you food, even if you want it , it's polite to say you don't want it two, or even ˈɒfəz jʊ fuːd , ˈiːvən ɪf jʊ wɒnt ɪt, ɪts pəˈlaɪt tə seɪ jʊ dəʊnt wɒnt ɪt tuː , ɔːr ˈiːvən three times , before you accept it θriː taɪmz, bɪˈfɔː jʊ əkˈsɛpt ɪt Host : Wow So let me make sure I understand If someone offers me something in həʊst: waʊ səʊ lɛt mi meɪk ʃʊər aɪ ˌʌndəˈstænd ɪf ˈsʌmwʌn ˈɒfəz mi ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɪn China , I should refuse it several times before I accept it ? Because not doing so could ˈʧaɪnə, aɪ ʃəd ˌriːˈfjuːz ɪt ˈsɛvrəl taɪmz bɪˈfɔːr aɪ əkˈsɛpt ɪt? bɪˈkəz nɒt ˈdu(ː)ɪŋ səʊ kʊd be considered impolite ? bi kənˈsɪdəd ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt? Craig: Yes, you should refuse it about two or three times For me, learning about Craig: jɛs , jʊ ʃəd ˌriːˈfjuːz ɪt əˈbaʊt tuː ɔː θriː taɪmz fə miː , ˈlɜːnɪŋ əˈbaʊt these cultural customs really improved my understanding of China and the people ðiːz ˈkʌlʧərəl ˈkʌstəmz ˈrɪəli ɪmˈpruːvd maɪ ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ əv ˈʧaɪnə ənd ðə ˈpiːpl there ðeə Host : Right Now, I know that the format for each study abroad program includes həʊst: raɪt naʊ , aɪ nəʊ ðət ðə ˈfɔːmæt fər iːʧ ˈstʌdi əˈbrɔːd ˈprəʊgræm ɪnˈkluːdz trips , events , and other opportunities What was one of the highlights of your trɪps, ɪˈvɛnts, ənd ˈʌðər ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtiz wɒt wəz wʌn əv ðə ˈhaɪˌlaɪts əv jɔː program ? ˈprəʊgræm? https://tophonetics.com 26/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics Craig: Well, of course walking the Great Wall and seeing the Forbidden City were Craig: wɛl , əv kɔːs ˈwɔːkɪŋ ðə greɪt wɔːl ənd ˈsiːɪŋ ðə fəˈbɪdn ˈsɪti wɜː great parts of my program But to be honest, the best part was walking around and greɪt pɑːts əv maɪ ˈprəʊgræm bət tə bi ˈɒnɪst , ðə bɛst pɑːt wəz ˈwɔːkɪŋ əˈraʊnd ænd exploring the smaller backstreets of Beijing , called Hutongs I liked seeing everyday ɪksˈplɔːrɪŋ ðə ˈsmɔːlə ˈbækˌstriːts əv beɪˈʒɪŋ, kɔːld Hutongs aɪ laɪkt ˈsiːɪŋ ˈɛvrɪdeɪ life on the streets, and being in the middle of the sights, the sounds, and smells of the laɪf ɒn ðə striːts , ənd ˈbiːɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmɪdl əv ðə saɪts , ðə saʊndz, ənd smɛlz əv ðiː markets Everything was so different to me People were curious about me, too, so ˈmɑːkɪts ˈɛvrɪθɪŋ wəz səʊ ˈdɪfrənt tə miː ˈpiːpl wə ˈkjʊərɪəs əˈbaʊt miː , tuː , səʊ that made it fun ðæt meɪd ɪt fʌn Host : It seems like you had a very positive experience So how would you assess həʊst: ɪt siːmz laɪk jʊ həd ə ˈvɛri ˈpɒzətɪv ɪksˈpɪərɪəns səʊ haʊ wəd jʊ əˈsɛs your overall time in China and your program ? Inside Listening and Speaking jər ˈəʊvərɔːl taɪm ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ənd jə ˈprəʊgrỉm?ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 27 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 27 Craig: Very highly… It was something I'll never forget You know, I made a lot of Craig: ˈvɛri ˈhaɪli … ɪt wəz ˈsʌmθɪŋ aɪl ˈnɛvə fəˈgɛt jʊ nəʊ , aɪ meɪd ə lɒt ɒv good friends in China I got to study Mandarin where it's really spoken , and I did and gʊd frɛndz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə aɪ gɒt tə ˈstʌdi ˈmændərɪn weər ɪts ˈrɪəli ˈspəʊkən, ənd aɪ dɪd ænd saw a lot of really cool things in a foreign country You know, living abroad helped sɔː ə lɒt əv ˈrɪəli kuːl θɪŋz ɪn ə ˈfɒrɪn ˈkʌntri jʊ nəʊ , ˈlɪvɪŋ əˈbrɔːd hɛlpt me mature as a person So , it was great mi məˈtjʊər əz ə ˈpɜːsn səʊ, ɪt wəz greɪt Host : Well, thank you for sharing your thoughts on your time in China with us, həʊst: wɛl , θæŋk jʊ fə ˈʃeərɪŋ jə θɔːts ɒn jə taɪm ɪn ˈʧaɪnə wɪð ʌs , Craig And for those of you interested in studying abroad, the Study Abroad Office Craig ənd fə ðəʊz əv jʊ ˈɪntrɪstɪd ɪn ˈstʌdiɪŋ əˈbrɔːd, ðə ˈstʌdi əˈbrɔːd ˈɒfɪs will be giving presentations consultations this Friday , starting at six o'clock in the wɪl bi ˈgɪvɪŋ ˌprɛzɛnˈteɪʃənz ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃənz ðɪs ˈfraɪdeɪ, ˈstɑːtɪŋ ət sɪks əˈklɒk ɪn ðiː student union building ˈstjuːdənt ˈjuːnjən ˈbɪldɪŋ Unit Stop the Presses ˈjuːnɪt stɒp ðə ˈprɛsɪz JOURNALISM ˈʤɜːnəlɪzm LISTENING SKILL: Facts and Opinions ˈlɪsnɪŋ skɪl : fækts ənd əˈpɪnjənz Watch (Video ) wɒʧ (ˈvɪdɪəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 9_Watch aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː9_wɒʧ Narrator: When it comes to news about the news these days, no news is good nəˈreɪtə : wɛn ɪt kʌmz tə njuːz əˈbaʊt ðə njuːz ðiːz deɪz , nəʊ njuːz ɪz gʊd news njuːz Newsperson: In Denver they stopped the presses for good today After nearly 150 Newsperson: ɪn ˈdɛnvə ðeɪ stɒpt ðə ˈprɛsɪz fə gʊd təˈdeɪ ˈɑːftə ˈnɪəli 150 years in operation , the Rocky Mountain News published its final edition jɪəz ɪn ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən, ðə ˈrɒki ˈmaʊntɪn njuːz ˈpʌblɪʃt ɪts ˈfaɪnl ɪˈdɪʃən Narrator: Are we really facing the demise of the great Metropolitan Daily? It was, nəˈreɪtə : ɑː wi ˈrɪəli ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə dɪˈmaɪz əv ðə greɪt ˌmɛtrəˈpɒlɪtən ˈdeɪli? ɪt wɒz, after all, the newspaper that became as powerful a force as any it covered ˈɑːftər ɔːl, ðə ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə ðət bɪˈkeɪm əz ˈpaʊəfʊl ə fɔːs əz ˈɛni ɪt ˈkʌvəd M 1: Hard as it is for those of us whose day cannot begin without the newspaper , it is ɛm1: hɑːd əz ɪt s fə ðəʊz əv əs huːz deɪ ˈkænɒt bɪˈgɪn wɪˈðaʊt ðə ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə, ɪt ɪz a medium that cannot survive without dramatic change Indeed, it's not clear if it ə ˈmiːdiəm ðət ˈkænɒt səˈvaɪv wɪˈðaʊt drəˈmætɪk ʧeɪnʤ ɪnˈdiːd , ɪts nɒt klɪər ɪf ɪt can survive as we know it at all But does that mean an enormous vacuum , an kən səˈvaɪv əz wi nəʊ ɪt ət ɔːl bət dəz ðət miːn ən ɪˈnɔːməs ˈvækjʊəm, æn absence of the kind of information a democratic society needs? ˈæbsəns əv ðə kaɪnd əv ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk səˈsaɪəti niːdz ? Michael Wolf: It's the end of the newspaper business right now, this point in time ˈmaɪk(ə)l wʊlf : ɪts ði ɛnd əv ðə ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə ˈbɪznɪs raɪt naʊ , ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪn taɪm Narrator: Why is longtime media watcher Michael Wolf predicting the imminent https://tophonetics.com 27/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics nəˈreɪtə : waɪ z ˈlɒŋtaɪm ˈmiːdiə ˈwɒʧə ˈmaɪk(ə)l wʊlf prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ði ˈɪmɪnənt end of the newspaper ? Consider the facts Just since 2000, daily newspaper ɛnd əv ðə ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə? kənˈsɪdə ðə fækts ʤəst sɪns 2000, ˈdeɪli ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə circulation has dropped from 55 million to 50 million In the last two years alone , ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən həz drɒpt frɒm 55 ˈmɪljən tʊ 50 ˈmɪljən ɪn ðə lɑːst tuː jɪəz əˈləʊn, print ad revenue for papers dropped 28 percent, more than 11 billion dollars, and prɪnt æd ˈrɛvɪnjuː fə ˈpeɪpəz drɒpt 28 pəˈsɛnt , mɔː ðæn 11 ˈbɪljən ˈdɒləz , ænd that was before the recession really kicked in Classified ads , the most profitable of ðæt wəz bɪˈfɔː ðə rɪˈsɛʃən ˈrɪəli kɪkt ɪn ˈklæsɪfaɪd ædz, ðə məʊst ˈprɒfɪtəbl ɒv all, have migrated to the web on sites like Craigslist And while the newspaper does ɔːl, həv maɪˈgreɪtɪd tə ðə wɛb ɒn saɪts laɪk Craigslist ənd waɪl ðə ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə dʌz have a home online , readers don't pay a dime to read it Just ask the next generation Inside Listening and Speaking həv ə həʊm ˈɒnˌlaɪn, ˈriːdəz dəʊnt peɪ ə daɪm tə riːd ɪt ʤəst ɑːsk ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnəˈreɪʃən.ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 28 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 28 F 1: The Internet is something that we constantly have with us I constantly have my ɛf1: ði ˈɪntəˌnɛt s ˈsʌmθɪŋ ðət wi ˈkɒnstəntli həv wɪð ʌs aɪ ˈkɒnstəntli həv maɪ laptop on ˈlæpˌtɒp ɒn M 2: I read the New York Times online , the Washington Post online ɛm2: aɪ riːd ðə njuː jɔːk taɪmz ˈɒnˌlaɪn, ðə ˈwɒʃɪŋtən pəʊst ˈɒnˌlaɪn F 2: Realistically I prefer the Internet I Because things are updated constantly ɛf2: rɪəˈlɪstɪk(ə)li aɪ priˈfɜː ði ˈɪntəˌnɛt aɪ duː bɪˈkəz θɪŋz ər ʌpˈdeɪtɪd ˈkɒnstəntli Narrator: And what about the local angle ? Editors, you know, always tell their nəˈreɪtə : ənd wɒt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈləʊkəl ˈæŋgl? ˈɛdɪtəz , jʊ nəʊ , ˈɔːlweɪz tɛl ðeə reporters to get the local angle Well, you can't get more local than the suburban rɪˈpɔːtəz tə gɛt ðə ˈləʊkəl ˈæŋgl wɛl , jʊ kɑːnt gɛt mɔː ˈləʊkəl ðən ðə səˈbɜːbən community of Montclair, New Jersey kəˈmjuːnɪti əv Montclair, njuː ˈʤɜːzi Debra Galant: This is cute Debra Galant: ðɪs ɪz kjuːt Liz George: Yeah lɪz ʤɔːʤ : jeə Narrator: Where Debra Galant and Liz George have launched a website , nəˈreɪtə : weə Debra Galant ənd lɪz ʤɔːʤ həv lɔːnʧt ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, baristanet.com baristanet.kɒm Debra Galant: We're much more dynamic People are coming They're having a Debra Galant: wɪə mʌʧ mɔː daɪˈnæmɪk ˈpiːpl ə ˈkʌmɪŋ ðeə ˈhævɪŋ eɪ conversation They're exchanging ideas and opinions You can't that on the local ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən ðeər ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ aɪˈdɪəz ənd əˈpɪnjənz jʊ kɑːnt dʊ ðət ɒn ðə ˈləʊkəl newspaper site ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə saɪt Narrator: It's produced from their living rooms and from a coffee shop And they nəˈreɪtə : ɪts prəˈdjuːst frəm ðeə ˈlɪvɪŋ ruːmz ənd frəm ə ˈkɒfi ʃɒp ənd ðeɪ say the web offers powerful advantages over the printed page Quite apart from the seɪ ðə wɛb ˈɒfəz ˈpaʊəfʊl ədˈvɑːntɪʤɪz ˈəʊvə ðə ˈprɪntɪd peɪʤ kwaɪt əˈpɑːt frəm ðiː cost advantages of no paper , no presses, no delivery cost kɒst ədˈvɑːntɪʤɪz əv nəʊ ˈpeɪpə, nəʊ ˈprɛsɪz , nəʊ dɪˈlɪvəri kɒst Liz George: If you hear helicopters overhead and you think is there a police search lɪz ʤɔːʤ : ɪf jʊ hɪə ˈhɛlɪkɒptəz ˈəʊvɛhɛd ənd jʊ θɪŋk s ðeər ə pəˈliːs sɜːʧ going on, is there some kind of news breaking, you're not going to wait until ˈgəʊɪŋ ɒn, ɪz ðeə səm kaɪnd əv njuːz ˈbreɪkɪŋ , jʊə nɒt ˈgəʊɪŋ tə weɪt ənˈtɪl Thursday until the local paper comes out You're going to go right to baristanet.com ˈθɜːzdeɪ ənˈtɪl ðə ˈləʊkəl ˈpeɪpə kʌmz aʊt jʊə ˈgəʊɪŋ tə gəʊ raɪt tə baristanet.kɒm and see what's going on up the street ənd siː wɒts ˈgəʊɪŋ ɒn ʌp ðə striːt Narrator: But for Mark Porter, editor of the Montclair Times, baristanet.com nəˈreɪtə : bət fə mɑːk ˈpɔːtə , ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə Montclair taɪmz , baristanet.kɒm represents something very different ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈsʌmθɪŋ ˈvɛri ˈdɪfrənt Mark Porter: They're primarily just like a lamprey eel feeding off the work of mɑːk ˈpɔːtə : ðeə ˈpraɪmərɪli ʤəst laɪk ə ˈlæmpri iːl ˈfiːdɪŋ ɒf ðə wɜːk ɒv another entity They haven't gone to the meeting They haven't interviewed the five əˈnʌðər ˈɛntɪti ðeɪ hævnt gɒn tə ðə ˈmiːtɪŋ ðeɪ hævnt ˈɪntəvjuːd ðə faɪv or six sources that a reporter has done for a newspaper And it really is pilferage ɔː sɪks ˈsɔːsɪz ðət ə rɪˈpɔːtə həz dʌn fər ə ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə ənd ɪt ˈrɪəli z ˈpɪlfərɪʤ https://tophonetics.com 28/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics Narrator: So can the immediacy of the web and the depth of the traditional nəˈreɪtə : səʊ kən ði ɪˈmiːdiəsi əv ðə wɛb ənd ðə dɛpθ əv ðə trəˈdɪʃənl newspaper somehow be fused? ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə ˈsʌmhaʊ bi fjuːzd ? Brian Tierney: That's a large audience.Inside Listening and Speaking ˈbraɪən Tierney: ðæts ə lɑːʤ ˈɔːdiəns ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 29 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 29 Narrator: In Philadelphia entrepreneur Brian Tierney and a consortium of wealthy nəˈreɪtə : ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfɪə ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː ˈbraɪən Tierney ənd ə kənˈsɔːtiəm əv ˈwɛlθi investors bought the 180-year-old Philadelphia Inquirer and the tabloid Daily News ɪnˈvɛstəz bɔːt ðiː 180-jɪər -əʊld ˌfɪləˈdɛlfɪə ɪnˈkwaɪərər ənd ðə ˈtæblɔɪd ˈdeɪli njuːz some three years ago They placed a multi -hundred million dollar bet that the sʌm θriː jɪəz əˈgəʊ ðeɪ pleɪst ə ˈmʌltɪ-ˈhʌndrəd ˈmɪljən ˈdɒlə bɛt ðət ðiː papers can adapt and survive ˈpeɪpəz kən əˈdæpt ənd səˈvaɪv Brian Tierney: We had a series recently on the EPA and the Bush administration It ˈbraɪən Tierney: wi həd ə ˈsɪəriːz ˈriːsntli ɒn ði iː-piː-eɪ ənd ðə bʊʃ ədˌmɪnɪsˈtreɪʃ(ə)n ɪt took several months to It cost a quarter of a million dollars to that I can't tʊk ˈsɛvrəl mʌnθs tə duː ɪt kɒst ə ˈkwɔːtər əv ə ˈmɪljən ˈdɒləz tə dʊ ðæt aɪ kɑːnt duː that with two bloggers I can't that the way all-news radio in this market does it ðæt wɪð tuː ˈblɒgəz aɪ kɑːnt dʊ ðət ðə weɪ ɔːl-njuːz ˈreɪdɪəʊ ɪn ðɪs ˈmɑːkɪt dəz ɪt where they basically buy our newspaper and then paraphrase our stories every day weə ðeɪ ˈbeɪsɪkəli baɪ ˈaʊə ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpər ənd ðɛn ˈpærəfreɪz ˈaʊə ˈstɔːriz ˈɛvri deɪ We are the originators of the investigative work that needs to be done wi ə ði əˈrɪʤɪneɪtəz əv ði ɪnˈvɛstɪgeɪtɪv wɜːk ðət niːdz tə bi dʌn Narrator: But Tierney is facing the same dilemma every paper is While he could nəˈreɪtə : bət Tierney z ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə seɪm dɪˈlɛmə ˈɛvri ˈpeɪpər ɪz waɪl hi kʊd save a fortune, becoming web only , readers don't pay for it , and advertisers won't seɪv ə ˈfɔːʧən , bɪˈkʌmɪŋ wɛb ˈəʊnli, ˈriːdəz dəʊnt peɪ fər ɪt, ənd ˈædvətaɪzəz wəʊnt pay nearly what they for a print ad One answer, he says, readers will have to peɪ ˈnɪəli wɒt ðeɪ dʊ fər ə prɪnt æd wʌn ˈɑːnsə , hi sɛz , ˈriːdəz wɪl həv tʊ start paying either with a subscription or a so-called micro -payment , a few cents for stɑːt ˈpeɪɪŋ ˈaɪðə wɪð ə səbˈskrɪpʃən ɔːr ə ˈsəʊˈkɔːld ˈmaɪkrəʊ-ˈpeɪmənt, ə fjuː sɛnts fɔː each article they click on the web iːʧ ˈɑːtɪkl ðeɪ klɪk ɒn ðə wɛb Brian Tierney: Not that much money, given the overall scope of what television ˈbraɪən Tierney: nɒt ðət mʌʧ ˈmʌni , ˈgɪvn ði ˈəʊvərɔːl skəʊp əv wɒt ˈtɛlɪˌvɪʒən bills and cell phone bills and all the rest of it are, cable bills are And I think people bɪlz ənd sɛl fəʊn bɪlz ənd ɔːl ðə rɛst əv ɪt ɑː , ˈkeɪbl bɪlz ɑː ənd aɪ θɪŋk ˈpiːpl will pay it wɪl peɪ ɪt Narrator: At the heart of Tierney's efforts to save the enterprise is the website , nəˈreɪtə : ət ðə hɑːt əv Tierney's ˈɛfəts tə seɪv ði ˈɛntəpraɪz ɪz ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, Philly.com, where content from the Inquirer and the Daily News is combined with ˈfɪli kɒm, weə ˈkɒntɛnt frəm ði ɪnˈkwaɪərər ənd ðə ˈdeɪli njuːz ɪz kəmˈbaɪnd wɪð original fare əˈrɪʤənl feə Right now Brian Tierney's company is in bankruptcy He argues that if the people raɪt naʊ ˈbraɪən Tierney's ˈkʌmpəni z ɪn ˈbæŋkrəptsi hi ˈɑːgjuːz ðət ɪf ðə ˈpiːpl who read the Inquirer pay for it with a higher newsstand price and a subscriber fee huː riːd ði ɪnˈkwaɪərə peɪ fər ɪt wɪð ə ˈhaɪə ˈnjuːzstænd praɪs ənd ə səbˈskraɪbə fiː on the web, the enterprise will survive and flourish ɒn ðə wɛb , ði ˈɛntəpraɪz wɪl səˈvaɪv ənd ˈflʌrɪʃ Brian Tierney: Times change But you can either look in the rearview mirror and ˈbraɪən Tierney: taɪmz ʧeɪnʤ bət jʊ kən ˈaɪðə lʊk ɪn ðə ˈrɪəvjuː ˈmɪrər ænd lament the past or you can say, you know, it's exciting ləˈmɛnt ðə pɑːst ɔː jʊ kən seɪ , jʊ nəʊ , ɪts ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ SPEAKING SKILL: Being Persuasive in Academic Discussions ˈspiːkɪŋ skɪl : ˈbiːɪŋ pəˈsweɪsɪv ɪn ˌækəˈdɛmɪk dɪsˈkʌʃənz Listen (Audio ) ˈlɪsn (ˈɔːdɪˌəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 9_Listen aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː9_ˈlɪsn Student 1: Ok , the first question here says to briefly define citizen journalism in ˈstjuːdənt 1: ˈəʊˈkeɪ, ðə fɜːst ˈkwɛsʧən hɪə sɛz tə ˈbriːfli dɪˈfaɪn ˈsɪtɪzn ˈʤɜːnəlɪzm ɪn your own words https://tophonetics.com 29/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics jər əʊn wɜːdz Student 2: Well, I guess it's just regular people, finding the news and then reporting ˈstjuːdənt 2: wɛl , aɪ gɛs ɪts ʤəst ˈrɛgjʊlə ˈpiːpl , ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə njuːz ənd ðɛn rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ on it and delivering it to other people ɒn ɪt ənd dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ɪt tʊ ˈʌðə ˈpiːpl Student 1: Yeah, that sounds right.Inside Listening and Speaking ˈstjuːdənt 1: jeə , ðæt saʊndz raɪt ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 30 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 30 Student 2: Also , citizen journalism is pretty broad It includes blogs, cell phone ˈstjuːdənt 2: ˈɔːlsəʊ, ˈsɪtɪzn ˈʤɜːnəlɪzm z ˈprɪti brɔːd ɪt ɪnˈkluːdz blɒgz, sɛl fəʊn videos , podcasts really any way that you can record something and then share it ˈvɪdɪəʊz, ˈpɒdkɑːsts ˈrɪəli ˈɛni weɪ ðət jʊ kən ˈrɛkɔːd ˈsʌmθɪŋ ənd ðɛn ʃeər ɪt with a large audience wɪð ə lɑːʤ ˈɔːdiəns Student 1: Right Exactly Okay , next question : Do you think that overall , citizen ˈstjuːdənt 1: raɪt ɪgˈzæktli ˈəʊˈkeɪ, nɛkst ˈkwɛsʧən: dʊ jʊ θɪŋk ðət ˈəʊvərɔːl, ˈsɪtɪzn journalism is positive or negative? ˈʤɜːnəlɪzm z ˈpɒzətɪv ɔː ˈnɛgətɪv ? Student 2: Well, I think overall it's a bad thing I know that people might say that ˈstjuːdənt 2: wɛl , aɪ θɪŋk ˈəʊvərɔːl ɪts ə bæd θɪŋ aɪ nəʊ ðət ˈpiːpl maɪt seɪ ðæt citizen journalism is good because it gets the average person more involved in the ˈsɪtɪzn ˈʤɜːnəlɪzm z gʊd bɪˈkəz ɪt gɛts ði ˈævərɪʤ ˈpɜːsn mɔːr ɪnˈvɒlvd ɪn ðiː news, but I disagree The average person doesn't have the skills of a professional njuːz , bət aɪ ˌdɪsəˈgriː ði ˈævərɪʤ ˈpɜːsn dʌznt həv ðə skɪlz əv ə prəˈfɛʃənl reporter And you really need those professional skills when you're reporting on a rɪˈpɔːtə ənd jʊ ˈrɪəli niːd ðəʊz prəˈfɛʃənl skɪlz wɛn jʊə rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ ɒn eɪ story or a major event ˈstɔːri ɔːr ə ˈmeɪʤər ɪˈvɛnt Student 1: Yeah, okay , but how many people get news from blogs? More and more ˈstjuːdənt 1: jeə , ˈəʊˈkeɪ, bət haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpiːpl gɛt njuːz frəm blɒgz? mɔːr ənd mɔː every day, right? If the quality weren't good, people wouldn't be going to citizen ˈɛvri deɪ , raɪt ? ɪf ðə ˈkwɒlɪti wɜːnt gʊd , ˈpiːpl ˈwʊdnt bi ˈgəʊɪŋ tə ˈsɪtɪzn journalists for news So evidently , they're doing something right ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts fə njuːz səʊ ˈɛvɪdəntli, ðeə ˈdu(ː)ɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ raɪt Student 2: Well, I'm more worried about all the bloggers and independent ˈstjuːdənt 2: wɛl , aɪm mɔː ˈwʌrid əˈbaʊt ɔːl ðə ˈblɒgəz ənd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt journalists out there who don't understand the great responsibility related to ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts aʊt ðeə huː dəʊnt ˌʌndəˈstænd ðə greɪt rɪsˌpɒnsəˈbɪlɪti rɪˈleɪtɪd tʊ reporting on the news I did an internship at a newspaper last summer, and I saw rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ ɒn ðə njuːz aɪ dɪd ən ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp ət ə ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə lɑːst ˈsʌmə , ənd aɪ sɔː that the news you get from someone's blog and the news you get from professional ðæt ðə njuːz jʊ gɛt frəm ˈsʌmwʌnz blɒg ənd ðə njuːz jʊ gɛt frəm prəˈfɛʃənl news organizations are totally different njuːz ˌɔːgənaɪˈzeɪʃənz ə ˈtəʊtli ˈdɪfrənt Student 1: How so ? ˈstjuːdənt 1: haʊ səʊ? Student 2: Well, for starters, most big news organizations follow general rules and ˈstjuːdənt 2: wɛl , fə ˈstɑːtəz , məʊst bɪg njuːz ˌɔːgənaɪˈzeɪʃənz ˈfɒləʊ ˈʤɛnərəl ruːlz ænd policies for reporting the news Stories have to be fact -checked before they're ˈpɒlɪsiz fə rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ ðə njuːz ˈstɔːriz həv tə bi fækt-ʧɛkt bɪˈfɔː ðeə published, and newspaper staff also check that sources are who they say they are ˈpʌblɪʃt , ənd ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə stɑːf ˈɔːlsəʊ ʧɛk ðət ˈsɔːsɪz ə huː ðeɪ seɪ ðeɪ ɑː No rumors allowed How many blogs have you seen report something that we later nəʊ ˈruːməz əˈlaʊd haʊ ˈmɛni blɒgz həv jʊ siːn rɪˈpɔːt ˈsʌmθɪŋ ðət wi ˈleɪtə learned was false? Remember when citizen journalists reported that Steve Jobs had lɜːnt wəz fɔːls ? rɪˈmɛmbə wɛn ˈsɪtɪzn ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts rɪˈpɔːtɪd ðət stiːv ʤɒbz hæd had a heart attack, but the story wasn't true? That story had a very negative impact həd ə hɑːt əˈtæk , bət ðə ˈstɔːri wɒznt truː ? ðæt ˈstɔːri həd ə ˈvɛri ˈnɛgətɪv ˈɪmpækt on Apple's stock price … if you remember ɒn ˈæplz stɒk praɪs … ɪf jʊ rɪˈmɛmbə Student 1: Yeah, but why can't citizen journalists learn to follow the same rules as ˈstjuːdənt 1: jeə , bət waɪ kɑːnt ˈsɪtɪzn ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts lɜːn tə ˈfɒləʊ ðə seɪm ruːlz æz professionals ? I know you think that citizen journalists are ignorant of the rules prəˈfɛʃənlz duː? aɪ nəʊ jʊ θɪŋk ðət ˈsɪtɪzn ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts ər ˈɪgnərənt əv ðə ruːlz of journalism , but I believe that bloggers and independent reporters are starting to əv ˈʤɜːnəlɪzm, bət aɪ bɪˈliːv ðət ˈblɒgəz ənd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt rɪˈpɔːtəz ə ˈstɑːtɪŋ tʊ https://tophonetics.com 30/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics follow those rules They're learning ˈfɒləʊ ðəʊz ruːlz ðeə ˈlɜːnɪŋ Student 2: Sure, maybe a few , but in my opinion , there are too many who don't ˈstjuːdənt 2: ʃʊə , ˈmeɪbiː ə fjuː duː, bət ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən, ðər ə tuː ˈmɛni huː dəʊnt When I was working at the newspaper , we researched small independent news sites wɛn aɪ wəz ˈwɜːkɪŋ ət ðə ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə, wi rɪˈsɜːʧt smɔːl ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt njuːz saɪts and found problems with their sources, their facts , and the overall quality of their ənd faʊnd ˈprɒbləmz wɪð ðeə ˈsɔːsɪz , ðeə fækts, ənd ði ˈəʊvərɔːl ˈkwɒlɪti əv ðeə reporting Bloggers just aren't as good as professional journalists Inside Listening and Speaking rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ ˈblɒgəz ʤəst ɑːnt əz gʊd əz prəˈfɛʃənl ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts.ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 31 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 31 Student 1: That's fine , but you know that if you rely only on professionals, you'll ˈstjuːdənt 1: ðæts faɪn, bət jʊ nəʊ ðət ɪf jʊ rɪˈlaɪ ˈəʊnli ɒn prəˈfɛʃənlz , juːl lose a lot of good stories and visuals like photos and videos Citizen journalists have luːz ə lɒt əv gʊd ˈstɔːriz ənd ˈvɪzjʊəlz laɪk ˈfəʊtəʊz ənd ˈvɪdɪəʊz ˈsɪtɪzn ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts hæv covered remote places and controversial issues that large news companies ˈkʌvəd rɪˈməʊt ˈpleɪsɪz ənd ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃəl ˈɪʃuːz ðət lɑːʤ njuːz ˈkʌmpəniz sometimes ignore ˈsʌmtaɪmz ɪgˈnɔː Student 2: I partially agree with you We can still get videos and photos from ˈstjuːdənt 2: aɪ ˈpɑːʃəli əˈgriː wɪð juː wi kən stɪl gɛt ˈvɪdɪəʊz ənd ˈfəʊtəʊz frɒm average people However, professional journalists should the actual reporting ˈævərɪʤ ˈpiːpl haʊˈɛvə , prəˈfɛʃənl ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts ʃəd dʊ ði ˈækʧʊəl rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ Student 1: Well, we're going to have to agree to disagree on this one I still see ˈstjuːdənt 1: wɛl , wɪə ˈgəʊɪŋ tə həv tʊ əˈgriː tə ˌdɪsəˈgriː ɒn ðɪs wʌn aɪ stɪl siː citizen journalists as having a positive impact in the news ˈsɪtɪzn ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts əz ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈpɒzətɪv ˈɪmpækt ɪn ðə njuːz Student 2: Okay ˈstjuːdənt 2: ˈəʊˈkeɪ End of Unit Task (Audio ) ɛnd əv ˈjuːnɪt tɑːsk (ˈɔːdɪˌəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 9_End aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː9_ɛnd Dr Jerome Tyler : This semester one of our most important topics is Journalism Dr ʤəˈrəʊm ˈtaɪlə: ðɪs sɪˈmɛstə wʌn əv ˈaʊə məʊst ɪmˈpɔːtənt ˈtɒpɪks ɪz ˈʤɜːnəlɪzm and Objectivity Objectivity in journalism means that reporters give the facts of the ənd ˌɒbʤɛkˈtɪvɪti ˌɒbʤɛkˈtɪvɪti ɪn ˈʤɜːnəlɪzm miːnz ðət rɪˈpɔːtəz gɪv ðə fækts əv ðiː news without mentioning their opinions about these facts Now traditionally, njuːz wɪˈðaʊt ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ ðeər əˈpɪnjənz əˈbaʊt ðiːz fækts naʊ trəˈdɪʃnəli , reporters were expected to be objective It was their job to report the facts , not their rɪˈpɔːtəz wər ɪksˈpɛktɪd tə bi əbˈʤɛktɪv ɪt wəz ðeə ʤɒb tə rɪˈpɔːt ðə fækts, nɒt ðeə opinions But today , with blogs and social media , expressing opinions in the news is əˈpɪnjənz bət təˈdeɪ, wɪð blɒgz ənd ˈsəʊʃəl ˈmiːdiə, ɪksˈprɛsɪŋ əˈpɪnjənz ɪn ðə njuːz ɪz much more common This is a very controversial issue with strong opinions on both mʌʧ mɔː ˈkɒmən ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃəl ˈɪʃuː wɪð strɒŋ əˈpɪnjənz ɒn bəʊθ sides of the debate saɪdz əv ðə dɪˈbeɪt On one side , we have people arguing that it is a reporter's job to only report the ɒn wʌn saɪd, wi həv ˈpiːpl ˈɑːgjuːɪŋ ðət ɪt s ə rɪˈpɔːtəz ʤɒb tʊ ˈəʊnli rɪˈpɔːt ðiː facts So , a reporter's opinion should not be part of reporting the news After fækts səʊ, ə rɪˈpɔːtəz əˈpɪnjən ʃəd nɒt bi pɑːt əv rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ ðə njuːz ˈɑːftə presenting the facts , a reporter should let people decide for themselves what they prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ðə fækts, ə rɪˈpɔːtə ʃəd lɛt ˈpiːpl dɪˈsaɪd fə ðəmˈsɛlvz wɒt ðeɪ think If people want to know opinions , they can watch a debate or read an editorial θɪŋk ɪf ˈpiːpl wɒnt tə nəʊ əˈpɪnjənz, ðeɪ kən wɒʧ ə dɪˈbeɪt ɔː riːd ən ˌɛdɪˈtɔːrɪəl So that's one side of the issue səʊ ðæts wʌn saɪd əv ði ˈɪʃuː There are other people who disagree with this They think that it's fine for reporters ðər ər ˈʌðə ˈpiːpl huː ˌdɪsəˈgriː wɪð ðɪs ðeɪ θɪŋk ðət ɪts faɪn fə rɪˈpɔːtəz to give us their opinions on the news because reporters understand the stories tə gɪv əs ðeər əˈpɪnjənz ɒn ðə njuːz bɪˈkəz rɪˈpɔːtəz ˌʌndəˈstænd ðə ˈstɔːriz better than we Some people also believe that it's impossible to be objective , so ˈbɛtə ðən wi duː sʌm ˈpiːpl ˈɔːlsəʊ bɪˈliːv ðət ɪts ɪmˈpɒsəbl tə bi əbˈʤɛktɪv, səʊ reporters should not hide their opinions Instead, they should be open and honest rɪˈpɔːtəz ʃəd nɒt haɪd ðeər əˈpɪnjənz ɪnˈstɛd , ðeɪ ʃəd bi ˈəʊpən ənd ˈɒnɪst about what they think when reporting the news https://tophonetics.com 31/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics əˈbaʊt wɒt ðeɪ θɪŋk wɛn rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ ðə njuːz This is just a brief introduction to the debate on objectivity in journalism We're ðɪs ɪz ʤəst ə briːf ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən tə ðə dɪˈbeɪt ɒn ˌɒbʤɛkˈtɪvɪti ɪn ˈʤɜːnəlɪzm wɪə going to investigate this issue further during the semester And as I said, I hope to ˈgəʊɪŋ tʊ ɪnˈvɛstɪgeɪt ðɪs ˈɪʃuː ˈfɜːðə ˈdjʊərɪŋ ðə sɪˈmɛstə ənd əz aɪ sɛd , aɪ həʊp tʊ have some class discussions and find out what you think about this issue həv səm klɑːs dɪsˈkʌʃənz ənd faɪnd aʊt wɒt jʊ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈɪʃuː Unit 10 Artificial Retina ˈjuːnɪt 10 ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l ˈrɛtɪnə MEDICINEInside Listening and Speaking MEDICINEInside ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 32 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 32 LISTENING SKILL: Using Context to Follow a Lecture ˈlɪsnɪŋ skɪl : ˈjuːzɪŋ ˈkɒntɛkst tə ˈfɒləʊ ə ˈlɛkʧə Watch (Video ) wɒʧ (ˈvɪdɪəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 10_Watch1 aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː10_wɒʧ Erica : An artificial retina that can help the sightless regain some of their vision has ˈɛrɪkə: ən ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l ˈrɛtɪnə ðət kən hɛlp ðə ˈsaɪtlɪs rɪˈgeɪn səm əv ðeə ˈvɪʒən hæz just been approved in Europe The FDA may soon the same here in the US CBS ʤəst biːn əˈpruːvd ɪn ˈjʊərəp ði ɛf-diː-eɪ meɪ suːn dʊ ðə seɪm hɪər ɪn ðə juːˈɛs siː-biː-ɛs News correspondent John Blackstone has more njuːz ˌkɒrɪsˈpɒndənt ʤɒn Blackstone həz mɔː John Blackstone: For Dean Lloyd, the world hasn't always been dark ʤɒn Blackstone: fə diːn lɔɪd , ðə wɜːld ˈhæznt ˈɔːlweɪz biːn dɑːk Dean Lloyd: I had functional vision until I was 34 or 35 years old And then I lost diːn lɔɪd : aɪ həd ˈfʌŋkʃənl ˈvɪʒən ənˈtɪl aɪ wɒz 34 ɔː 35 jɪəz əʊld ənd ðɛn aɪ lɒst almost all of it in months or less ˈɔːlməʊst ɔːl əv ɪt ɪn mʌnθs ɔː lɛs John Blackstone: Still Dean has thrived over the years He became a lawyer opening ʤɒn Blackstone: stɪl diːn həz θraɪvd ˈəʊvə ðə jɪəz hi bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈlɔːjər ˈəʊpnɪŋ his own practice He does housework He accepted that he would never see again hɪz əʊn ˈpræktɪs hi dəz ˈhaʊswɜːk hi əkˈsɛptɪd ðət hi wəd ˈnɛvə siː əˈgɛn Dean Lloyd: Let there be light diːn lɔɪd : lɛt ðeə bi laɪt John Blackstone: Until a company called Second Sight came looking for volunteers ʤɒn Blackstone: ənˈtɪl ə ˈkʌmpəni kɔːld ˈsɛkənd saɪt keɪm ˈlʊkɪŋ fə ˌvɒlənˈtɪəz for a clinical trial that would surgically implant a bionic eye fər ə ˈklɪnɪkəl ˈtraɪəl ðət wəd ˈsɜːʤɪkəli ɪmˈplɑːnt ə baɪˈɒnɪk aɪ Lisa : And my dream was for my dad to be able to see again When he said he wanted ˈliːsə: ənd maɪ driːm wəz fə maɪ dæd tə bi ˈeɪbl tə siː əˈgɛn wɛn hi sɛd hi ˈwɒntɪd to participate in this study, I was very excited about it tə pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt ɪn ðɪs ˈstʌdi, aɪ wəz ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ɪt John Blackstone: The device starts with a tiny video camera mounted in a pair of ʤɒn Blackstone: ðə dɪˈvaɪs stɑːts wɪð ə ˈtaɪni ˈvɪdɪəʊ ˈkæmərə ˈmaʊntɪd ɪn ə peər ɒv glasses A transmitter in the glasses sends the images to a chip implanted on the ˈglɑːsɪz ə trænzˈmɪtər ɪn ðə ˈglɑːsɪz sɛndz ði ˈɪmɪʤɪz tʊ ə ʧɪp ɪmˈplɑːntɪd ɒn ðiː back of the damaged eye There, 60 electrodes send the image along the optic nerve bæk əv ðə ˈdæmɪʤd aɪ ðeə , 60 ɪˈlɛktrəʊdz sɛnd ði ˈɪmɪʤ əˈlɒŋ ði ˈɒptɪk nɜːv straight to the brain Today, Dean can make out shapes He can tell light from dark streɪt tə ðə breɪn təˈdeɪ , diːn kən meɪk aʊt ʃeɪps hi kən tɛl laɪt frəm dɑːk At one point , there appeared to be a breakthrough ət wʌn pɔɪnt, ðeər əˈpɪəd tə bi ə ˈbreɪkˌθruː Lisa : He just all of a sudden exclaimed , " I can see your hand ” I just was kind of ˈliːsə: hi ʤəst ɔːl əv ə ˈsʌdn ɪksˈkleɪmd, "aɪ kən siː jə hænd.” aɪ ʤəst wəz kaɪnd ɒv speechless and in shock and it took me a couple of seconds I just felt really ˈspiːʧlɪs ənd ɪn ʃɒk ənd ɪt tʊk mi ə ˈkʌpl əv ˈsɛkəndz aɪ ʤəst fɛlt ˈrɪəli overwhelmed ˌəʊvəˈwɛlmd John Blackstone: In fact , Dean had only seen an outline , but from total blindness , ʤɒn Blackstone: ɪn fækt, diːn həd ˈəʊnli siːn ən ˈaʊtlaɪn, bət frəm ˈtəʊtl ˈblaɪndnɪs, this is a major step ðɪs ɪz ə ˈmeɪʤə stɛp Dean Lloyd: When I look at you, I can get your boundaries, your borders, and you're diːn lɔɪd : wɛn aɪ lʊk ət juː , aɪ kən gɛt jə ˈbaʊndəriz , jə ˈbɔːdəz , ənd jʊə https://tophonetics.com 32/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics a bit bigger than my daughter, that's for sure ə bɪt ˈbɪgə ðən maɪ ˈdɔːtə , ðæts fə ʃʊə John Blackstone: For Lisa , the technology to help restore sight and perhaps full ʤɒn Blackstone: fə ˈliːsə, ðə tɛkˈnɒləʤi tə hɛlp rɪsˈtɔː saɪt ənd pəˈhæps fʊl sight is more than just cool science It's a race against time Inside Listening and Speaking saɪt s mɔː ðən ʤəst kuːl ˈsaɪəns ɪts ə reɪs əˈgɛnst taɪm.ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 33 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 33 Lisa : So at 22, when I got the news ˈliːsə: səʊ æt 22, wɛn aɪ gɒt ðə njuːz John Blackstone: You got the news ʤɒn Blackstone: jʊ gɒt ðə njuːz Lisa : When I got that news -ˈliːsə: wɛn aɪ gɒt ðət njuːz -John Blackstone: You were going to go blind ʤɒn Blackstone: jʊ wə ˈgəʊɪŋ tə gəʊ blaɪnd Lisa : Yeah ˈliːsə: jeə John Blackstone: The disease her father has is hereditary For now, she looks to her ʤɒn Blackstone: ðə dɪˈziːz hə ˈfɑːðə həz ɪz hɪˈrɛdɪtəri fə naʊ , ʃi lʊks tə hɜː dad -dæd -Lisa : He's definitely been a pioneer ˈliːsə: hiːz ˈdɛfɪnɪtli biːn ə ˌpaɪəˈnɪə John Blackstone: And to the future ʤɒn Blackstone: ənd tə ðə ˈfjuːʧə Lisa : happens for me if I lose all of my sight You know Dad's definitely shown ˈliːsə: ˈhæpənz fə mi ɪf aɪ dʊ luːz ɔːl əv maɪ saɪt jʊ nəʊ dædz ˈdɛfɪnɪtli ʃəʊn me what to and how to live my life And I'm not wigged-out about it mi wɒt tə dʊ ənd haʊ tə lɪv maɪ laɪf ənd aɪm nɒt wɪgd -aʊt əˈbaʊt ɪt John Blackstone: John Blackstone, CBS News, Sunnyvale, California ʤɒn Blackstone: ʤɒn Blackstone, siː-biː-ɛs njuːz , Sunnyvale, ˌkæləˈfɔːniə Erica : Boy, what a family Joining us now with more on the device and how it works, ˈɛrɪkə: bɔɪ , wɒt ə ˈfæmɪli ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ əs naʊ wɪð mɔːr ɒn ðə dɪˈvaɪs ənd haʊ ɪt wɜːks , medical correspondent Dr Jennifer Ashton I mean revolutionary in so many ways ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌkɒrɪsˈpɒndənt Dr ˈʤɛnɪfər ˈæʃtən aɪ miːn ˌrɛvəˈluːʃnəri ɪn səʊ ˈmɛni weɪz Break it down for us though Who would actually be eligible for this? How many breɪk ɪt daʊn fər əs ðəʊ huː wəd ˈækʧʊəli bi ˈɛlɪʤəbl fə ðɪs ? haʊ ˈmɛni people could potentially benefit ? ˈpiːpl kəd pəʊˈtɛnʃəli ˈbɛnɪfɪt? Dr Jennifer Ashton: Potentially, Erica , we're talking about 10 million people in this Dr ˈʤɛnɪfər ˈæʃtən : pəʊˈtɛnʃəli , ˈɛrɪkə, wɪə ˈtɔːkɪŋ əˈbaʊt 10 ˈmɪljən ˈpiːpl ɪn ðɪs country who are blind from problems dealing with their retinas ˈkʌntri huː ə blaɪnd frəm ˈprɒbləmz ˈdiːlɪŋ wɪð ðeə ˈrɛtɪnəz Erica : Wow ˈɛrɪkə: waʊ Dr Jennifer Ashton: Excitingly, the company also told us they're already at work on Dr ˈʤɛnɪfər ˈæʃtən : ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋli, ðə ˈkʌmpəni ˈɔːlsəʊ təʊld əs ðeər ɔːlˈrɛdi ət wɜːk ɒn the next generation model, which instead of 60 electrodes has 240 electrodes ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnəˈreɪʃən ˈmɒdl , wɪʧ ɪnˈstɛd ɒv 60 ɪˈlɛktrəʊdz hæz 240 ɪˈlɛktrəʊdz possibly making it more accurate ˈpɒsəbli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt mɔːr ˈækjʊrɪt Erica : So and so then perhaps if it makes it more accurate maybe the key to make ˈɛrɪkə: səʊ ənd səʊ ðɛn pəˈhæps ɪf ɪt meɪks ɪt mɔːr ˈækjʊrɪt ˈmeɪbiː ðə kiː tə meɪk out because we heard him say, oh I see, you know I see your hand to his daughter aʊt bɪˈkəz wi hɜːd ɪm seɪ , əʊ aɪ siː , jʊ nəʊ aɪ siː jə hænd tə ɪz ˈdɔːtə Dr Jennifer Ashton: Right.Inside Listening and Speaking Dr ˈʤɛnɪfər ˈæʃtən : raɪt ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 34 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 34 Erica : He is sort of seeing the outline of it Could that mean that maybe they could ˈɛrɪkə: hi z sɔːt əv ˈsiːɪŋ ði ˈaʊtlaɪn əv ɪt kəd ðət miːn ðət ˈmeɪbiː ðeɪ kʊd make out more in terms of images ? meɪk aʊt mɔːr ɪn tɜːmz əv ˈɪmɪʤɪz? Dr Jennifer Ashton: Hopefully more accuracy An interesting historical https://tophonetics.com 33/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics Dr ˈʤɛnɪfər ˈæʃtən : ˈhəʊpfʊli mɔːr ˈækjʊrəsi ən ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ hɪsˈtɒrɪkəl perspective, Erica , this is really where cochlear implants for people who are deaf, pəˈspɛktɪv , ˈɛrɪkə, ðɪs ɪz ˈrɪəli weə cochlear ɪmˈplɑːnts fə ˈpiːpl huː ə dɛf , this is where they were 26 years ago So we're a little behind that but for visual ðɪs ɪz weə ðeɪ wɜː 26 jɪəz əˈgəʊ səʊ wɪər ə ˈlɪtl bɪˈhaɪnd ðət bət fə ˈvɪzjʊəl problems , blindness , this is very, very helpful ˈprɒbləmz, ˈblaɪndnɪs, ðɪs ɪz ˈvɛri , ˈvɛri ˈhɛlpfʊl SPEAKING SKILL: Nonverbal Communication ˈspiːkɪŋ skɪl : nɒnˈvɜːb(ə)l kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən Watch (Video ) wɒʧ (ˈvɪdɪəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 10_Watch2 aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː10_wɒʧ Male Student : How many of you know the average life expectancy in the early meɪl ˈstjuːdənt: haʊ ˈmɛni əv jʊ nəʊ ði ˈævərɪʤ laɪf ɪksˈpɛktənsi ɪn ði ˈɜːli 1800s ? Believe it or not, the average life expectancy throughout the world was 1800ɛs? bɪˈliːv ɪt ɔː nɒt, ði ˈævərɪʤ laɪf ɪksˈpɛktənsi θru(ː)ˈaʊt ðə wɜːld wɒz approximately 29 years Seems very young, doesn't it ? … In fact , at that time , it was əˈprɒksɪmɪtli 29 jɪəz siːmz ˈvɛri jʌŋ , dʌznt ɪt? … ɪn fækt, ət ðət taɪm, ɪt wɒz under 40 years of age in every country in the world – not very high So , the average ˈʌndə 40 jɪəz əv eɪʤ ɪn ˈɛvri ˈkʌntri ɪn ðə wɜːld – nɒt ˈvɛri haɪ səʊ, ði ˈævərɪʤ person led a very short life ˈpɜːsn lɛd ə ˈvɛri ʃɔːt laɪf Now fast forward How about today ? Today average life expectancy is around 70 naʊ fɑːst ˈfɔːwəd haʊ əˈbaʊt təˈdeɪ? təˈdeɪ ˈævərɪʤ laɪf ɪksˈpɛktənsi z əˈraʊnd 70 years of age , and in every single country in the world it is above 40 That's a jɪəz əv eɪʤ, ənd ɪn ˈɛvri ˈsɪŋgl ˈkʌntri ɪn ðə wɜːld ɪt s əˈbʌv 40 ðæts eɪ dramatic shift drəˈmætɪk ʃɪft So how did we get these increases? Well, during the 1800s , increases in life səʊ haʊ dɪd wi gɛt ðiːz ˈɪnkriːsɪz ? wɛl , ˈdjʊərɪŋ ðiː 1800ɛs, ˈɪnkriːsɪz ɪn laɪf expectancy were small Then, a change occurred In the early 1900s , scientists began ɪksˈpɛktənsi wə smɔːl ðɛn , ə ʧeɪnʤ əˈkɜːd ɪn ði ˈɜːli 1900ɛs, ˈsaɪəntɪsts bɪˈgæn to develop cures for deadly diseases such as polio , typhoid, and measles And the tə dɪˈvɛləp kjʊəz fə ˈdɛdli dɪˈziːzɪz sʌʧ əz ˈpəʊlɪəʊ, ˈtaɪfɔɪd, ənd ˈmiːzlz ənd ðiː development of new medicines for diseases corresponded to increases in life dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv njuː ˈmɛdsɪnz fə dɪˈziːzɪz ˌkɒrɪsˈpɒndɪd tʊ ˈɪnkriːsɪz ɪn laɪf expectancy Of course better sanitation , improved nutrition , and new medical ɪksˈpɛktənsi əv kɔːs ˈbɛtə ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən, ɪmˈpruːvd nju(ː)ˈtrɪʃən, ənd njuː ˈmɛdɪkəl technology also helped tɛkˈnɒləʤi ˈɔːlsəʊ hɛlpt Recent academic studies have also shown average life expectancy has increased by ˈriːsnt ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈstʌdiz həv ˈɔːlsəʊ ʃəʊn ˈævərɪʤ laɪf ɪksˈpɛktənsi həz ɪnˈkriːst baɪ 11 years for men and 12 years for women since the 1970s 11 jɪəz fə mɛn ænd 12 jɪəz fə ˈwɪmɪn sɪns ðiː 1970ɛs So what's the next phase? Doctors and scientists have predicted many different səʊ wɒts ðə nɛkst feɪz ? ˈdɒktəz ənd ˈsaɪəntɪsts həv prɪˈdɪktɪd ˈmɛni ˈdɪfrənt outcomes But most agree life expectancy will continue to increase The real ˈaʊtkʌmz bət məʊst əˈgriː laɪf ɪksˈpɛktənsi wɪl kənˈtɪnju(ː) tʊ ˈɪnkriːs ðə rɪəl question is by how much Some experts have indicated that the next generation of ˈkwɛsʧən z baɪ haʊ mʌʧ sʌm ˈɛkspɜːts həv ˈɪndɪkeɪtɪd ðət ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnəˈreɪʃən ɒv children could even live 150 years, with new technology as the principal reason for ˈʧɪldrən kəd ˈiːvən lɪv 150 jɪəz , wɪð njuː tɛkˈnɒləʤi əz ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈriːzn fɔː this increased life expectancy However, other experts say that despite new ðɪs ɪnˈkriːst laɪf ɪksˈpɛktənsi haʊˈɛvə , ˈʌðər ˈɛkspɜːts seɪ ðət dɪsˈpaɪt njuː technology, life expectancy will increase more slowly They say that ages will range tɛkˈnɒləʤi , laɪf ɪksˈpɛktənsi wɪl ˈɪnkriːs mɔː ˈsləʊli ðeɪ seɪ ðət ˈeɪʤɪz wɪl reɪnʤ from 100 to 110 in the future So there is some disagreement among the experts frɒm 100 tuː 110 ɪn ðə ˈfjuːʧə səʊ ðə z səm ˌdɪsəˈgriːmənt əˈmʌŋ ði ˈɛkspɜːts As people continue to get older , one thing is clear Just helping people to get older is əz ˈpiːpl kənˈtɪnju(ː) tə gɛt ˈəʊldə, wʌn θɪŋ z klɪə ʤəst ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈpiːpl tə gɛt ˈəʊldər ɪz not enough One of the biggest challenges is how to help people live well in old age Inside Listening and Speaking nɒt ɪˈnʌf wʌn əv ðə ˈbɪgɪst ˈʧælɪnʤɪz ɪz haʊ tə hɛlp ˈpiːpl lɪv wɛl ɪn əʊld eɪʤ.ɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪsnɪŋ ənd ˈspiːkɪŋ Transcripts ˈtrỉnskrɪpts © Oxford University Press Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use 35 © ˈɒksfəd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti prɛs pəˈmɪʃən ˈgrɑːntɪd tə ˌriːprəˈdjuːs fə ˈklɑːsrʊm juːz 35 So how we help people live happy, productive, and healthy lives as they get older səʊ haʊ dʊ wi hɛlp ˈpiːpl lɪv ˈhæpi , prəˈdʌktɪv , ənd ˈhɛlθi lɪvz əz ðeɪ gɛt ˈəʊldə https://tophonetics.com 34/37 4/19/2021 toPhonetics and older ? ənd ˈəʊldə? That's my presentation Thank you very much Any questions ? ðæts maɪ ˌprɛzɛnˈteɪʃən θæŋk jʊ ˈvɛri mʌʧ ˈɛni ˈkwɛsʧənz? End of Unit Task (Audio ) ɛnd əv ˈjuːnɪt tɑːsk (ˈɔːdɪˌəʊ) ILS _L 2_U 10_End aɪ-ɛl-ɛs_ɛl2_juː10_ɛnd Narrator: Hello , everyone Did you know that your mind has an effect on your nəˈreɪtə : hɛˈləʊ, ˈɛvrɪwʌn dɪd jʊ nəʊ ðət jə maɪnd həz ən ɪˈfɛkt ɒn jɔː health? I'm going to talk briefly about some studies that show how the mind affects a hɛlθ ? aɪm ˈgəʊɪŋ tə tɔːk ˈbriːfli əˈbaʊt səm ˈstʌdiz ðət ʃəʊ haʊ ðə maɪnd əˈfɛkts eɪ person's health ˈpɜːsnz hɛlθ In one recent study, doctors tested the Placebo Effect Sick patients were given a pill ɪn wʌn ˈriːsnt ˈstʌdi, ˈdɒktəz ˈtɛstɪd ðə pləˈsiːbəʊ ɪˈfɛkt sɪk ˈpeɪʃənts wə ˈgɪvn ə pɪl and told it was medicine for their illness However, the pill wasn't real medicine It ənd təʊld ɪt wəz ˈmɛdsɪn fə ðeər ˈɪlnɪs haʊˈɛvə , ðə pɪl wɒznt rɪəl ˈmɛdsɪn ɪt looked and tasted just like real medicine, but it had no chemicals in it It was neither lʊkt ənd ˈteɪstɪd ʤəst laɪk rɪəl ˈmɛdsɪn , bət ɪt həd nəʊ ˈkɛmɪkəlz ɪn ɪt ɪt wəz ˈnaɪðə harmful nor helpful to the human body Interestingly, 83% of the patients who took ˈhɑːmfʊl nɔː ˈhɛlpfʊl tə ðə ˈhjuːmən ˈbɒdi ˈɪntrɪstɪŋli , 83% əv ðə ˈpeɪʃənts huː tʊk the false medicine reported feeling better Many other studies that have given sick ðə fɔːls ˈmɛdsɪn rɪˈpɔːtɪd ˈfiːlɪŋ ˈbɛtə ˈmɛni ˈʌðə ˈstʌdiz ðət həv ˈgɪvn sɪk people placebos have shown similar results So just thinking they were taking ˈpiːpl pləˈsiːbəʊz həv ʃəʊn ˈsɪmɪlə rɪˈzʌlts səʊ ʤəst ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðeɪ wə ˈteɪkɪŋ medicine actually makes some people feel better ˈmɛdsɪn ˈækʧʊəli meɪks səm ˈpiːpl fiːl ˈbɛtə In another study, doctors studied neuropeptides These are chemicals produced by ɪn əˈnʌðə ˈstʌdi, ˈdɒktəz ˈstʌdɪd neuropeptides ðiːz ə ˈkɛmɪkəlz prəˈdjuːst baɪ the brain when it thinks, and they're found all over the body These chemicals are ðə breɪn wɛn ɪt θɪŋks , ənd ðeə faʊnd ɔːl ˈəʊvə ðə ˈbɒdi ðiːz ˈkɛmɪkəlz ɑː one way that the mind speaks to the body When we laugh or experience a good wʌn weɪ ðət ðə maɪnd spiːks tə ðə ˈbɒdi wɛn wi lɑːf ɔːr ɪksˈpɪərɪəns ə gʊd feeling-like , from doing well on a test-our brain produces neuropeptides that ˈfiːlɪŋ -laɪk, frəm ˈdu(ː)ɪŋ wɛl ɒn ə tɛst -ˈaʊə breɪn ˈprɒdjuːsɪz neuropeptides ðæt travel all over the body Some experts believe that these chemicals can fight cancer ˈtrævl ɔːl ˈəʊvə ðə ˈbɒdi sʌm ˈɛkspɜːts bɪˈliːv ðət ðiːz ˈkɛmɪkəlz kən faɪt ˈkænsə and help with other health problems ənd hɛlp wɪð ˈʌðə hɛlθ ˈprɒbləmz To summarize, more and more studies are showing that the mind is linked to our tə ˈsʌməraɪz , mɔːr ənd mɔː ˈstʌdiz ə ˈʃəʊɪŋ ðət ðə maɪnd z lɪŋkt tʊ ˈaʊə health The two are most certainly connected So when we think about health, we hɛlθ ðə tuː ə məʊst ˈsɜːtnli kəˈnɛktɪd səʊ wɛn wi θɪŋk əˈbaʊt hɛlθ , wiː need to consider the mind as well as the body niːd tə kənˈsɪdə ðə maɪnd əz wɛl əz ðə ˈbɒdi Hi! 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This online converter of English text to IPA phonetic transcription will translate your English text into its phonetic transcription using International Phonetic Alphabet Paste or type your English text in the text field above and click “Show transcription” button (or use [Ctrl+Enter] shortcut from the text input area) Features: Choose between British and American* pronunciation When British option is selected the [r] sound at the end of the word is only voiced if followed by a vowel, which follows British phonetic convention International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used The structure of the text and sentences in it (line breaks, punctuation marks, etc.) is preserved in phonetic transcription output making it easier to read An option to vary pronunciation depending on whether words are in stressed or weak position in the sentence, as in connected speech (checkbox “Show weak forms”) Words in CAPS are interpreted as acronyms if the word is not found in the database Acronym transcriptions will be shown with hyphens between letters In addition to commonly used vocabulary the database contains a very substantial amount of place names (including names of countries, their capitals, US states, UK counties), nationalities and popular names You can output the text and its phonetic transcription along each other side-by-side or line-by-line to make back-reference to the original text easier Just tick the appropriate checkbox in the input form https://tophonetics.com 35/37