slide forest monitoring from space using sar data

Forest monitoring from space using SAR data TS Lê Toàn Thủy Centre d’Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère (CESBIO) Toulouse, France http://www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr/index_us.htm Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Why Synthetic Aperture Radars to observe the world forests ? Transmit and receive polarised waves (here Horizontal and Vertical) H V Penetrate into the forest cover Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Change in forest cover using ALOS-PALSAR Forests in Việt Nam ~ 140.000 km2, 44,5% of the total area Map of Forest Degradation and Regrowth between 2007 and 2010 Degradation rate (% /year) Regrowth rate (% / year) Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide Vietnam Cambodia Lao PDR -1.09 -1.24 -0.89 0.82 0.49 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 0.32 Change in forest biomass 2007-2010 Acacia plantation, Hịa Bình Rubber and coffeee plantation, Gia Lai Coffee plantation Attapeu, Lao 100 in Mg.ha-1 Rubber and fruit tree plantation Binh Duong Rubber plantation, Tay Ninh Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Change in forest biomass : 2007-2010 Rubber Rubber Se San dam Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide Rubber 100 t/ha Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Change in forest biomass at Sesan-4 dam 2007-2010 Sinh khối- 2007 Sinh khối- 2008 Sinh khối- 2009 Sinh khối- 2010 14°6′23.02″N 107°39′28.08″E Sesan dam 150 t/ha BuiltBiomass in 2009 | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Monitoring forest logging using Sentinel1A data Sentinel-1 σ0VH (dB) Rubber plantation Dau Tieng, Tay Ninh Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Existing satellite SAR systems can be used to detect changes in forest cover  However, existing systems operating at wavelength < 25 cm (L-band, C-band, X-band) cannot be used to measure Above Ground Biomass exceeding 150 tons/ha because of saturation effect Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 How the Radars see the trees? Pinus Nigra X-band = cm L-band = 27 cm P-band = 70 cm The P-band SAR data are sensitive to woody above ground biomass Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 VHF >3m The Biomass mission Thuy Le Toan, CESBIO, Toulouse, France & The Mission Advisory Thuy Le Toan, 14thBiomass Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi MinhGroup city, 30 Oct 2015 Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 10 Biomass product requirements Forest biomass Forest height Disturbances Above-ground biomass (tons / hectare) Upper canopy height (meter) Areas of forest clearing (hectare) • 200 m resolution • map every months for years • global coverage of forested areas • accuracy of 20%, or 10 t ha–1 for biomass < 50 t ha–1 • 200 m resolution • map every months for years • global coverage of forested areas • accuracy of 20-30% • 50 m resolution • map every months for years • global coverage of forested areas • 90% classification accuracy Urgently required for IPCC, UNFCCC, REDD, national forest planning Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 18 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 P-band SAR for biomass retrieval : Physical background Radar backscatter intensity increases with above ground biomass until attenuation becomes significant SAR backscatter (dB) Model simulation P-band L-band Biomass (ton/ha) Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 19 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 P-band SAR measures biomass and quantifies landscape dynamics P-band SAR image (HH, VV, HV) Yellowstone Park, 2003 HV Backscatter -12dB -19dB 60-80 years after burn 15 years after burn -27dB A week after burn Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 20 Biomass Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 The first biomass map from airborne P-band SAR - 10 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 70 70 - 90 90 - 120 120 - 160 160 - 200 200 - 260 > 260 150 Retrieved biomass (ton/ha) Biomass (ton/ha) Estimated biomass (t/ha) Landes Forest, France 100 50 RMSE= 9.46 t/ha 0 In-situ stand 50 biomass 100(ton/ha) 150 In situ biomass (t/ha) Relating P-band SAR data to forest biomass Le Toan T, Beaudoin A., Riom J., and Guyon D IEEE Geosci & RS, 1992 Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 21 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Campaigns used to develop observation concept Krycklan Remningstorp Alaska Landes Yellowstone La Selva, Costa Rica Colombia Maine Paracou F.Guiana Kalimantan Major recent campaigns: Kalimantan 2004 (Indrex) Remningstorp 2007 (BioSAR 1), 2010 (BioSAR 3) Krycklan 2008 (BioSAR 2) F Guiana 2009 (TropiSAR), 2011-13 (TropiScat) Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 22 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Global consistency in the biomass – P-band backscatter relationship Similar power-law relationships between backscatter and biomass are found for all forests where we have data Inversion techniques need to deal with data dispersion and differences between different types of forest Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 23 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Estimating radar temporal variations with a ground based scatteromter TropiScatt experiment: • Tower-based P-band tomographic measurements • • Measurements every 15 minutes Started December 2011, up to 2013 Ex: The radar diurnal cycle Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 24 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 A single P-band satellite can deliver independent types of information PolInSAR TomoSAR forPolSAR biomass (SAR Polarimetry) (Polarimetric SAR Interferometry) z (SAR Tomography) z z x x x o o o y Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 25 y Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 y PolInSAR provides a second estimate of biomass using height  Interferometry provides height information  The measured height depends on polarisation  PolInSAR retrieves canopy height using models HV VV HH Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 26 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 PolInSAR has mapped height over tropical and boreal sites Height maps from PolInSAR Tropical forest Kalimantan, Indonesia r2=0.94 RMSE=1.73m Boreal forest Remningstorp, Sweden Height (m) Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 27 r2=0.65 RMSE=4m Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 SAR tomography, a new concept to explore 3D forest structure Generates images of different forest layers from multi-orbit SAR images Guyaflux tower (Tropiscat experiment) Height (m) 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 40 30 Tomographic Processing 20 10 Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 28 Normalised backscatter intensity Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Tomography to understand scattering mechanisms Boreal forest Tropical forest TomoSAR: Provides a 3D reconstruction of forest backscatter Allows an interpretation of scattering processes Gives guidance to the PolSAR and PolInSAR retrieval algorithms Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 29 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 SAR Tomography provides high accuracy biomass maps up to 500 t/ha P-band SAR image Biomass map obtained by inversion power layer 30m (t.ha -1) 600 7000 550 6500 500 6000 450 Ground range [pixel] 5500 400 5000 350 4500 300 4000 250 3500 200 3000 150 2500 BIOMASS map at 50 m, by tomography Ho Tong Minh D., T.Le Toan et al., 2013 100 2000 Biomass Meeting | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 30 1000 | EE7 User 2000 Consultation 3000 4000 | Graz, 5000Austria 6000 7000 8000 50 [pixel] Thuy Le Toan, 14thAzimuth Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Meeting Mission Objectives Reducing the major uncertainties in carbon fluxes linked to Land Use Change, forest degradation and regrowth Providing support for International Agreements (UNFCCC and REDD+) Initialising and testing the land component of Earth System models Providing key information on forest resources, ecosystem services, biodiversity and conservation Secondary objectives Sub-surface geology in deserts DTMs under dense vegetation Glacier and ice sheet velocities Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 31 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Waiting for 2020 ! Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 32 Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 ... Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Change in forest cover using ALOS-PALSAR Forests in Việt Nam ~ 140.000 km2, 44,5% of the total area Map of Forest Degradation and Regrowth between 2007 and... Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide Thuy Le Toan, 14th Conference on Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, 30 Oct 2015 Monitoring forest logging using Sentinel1A data Sentinel-1 σ0VH (dB) Rubber... Remningstorp 2007 (BioSAR 1), 2010 (BioSAR 3) Krycklan 2008 (BioSAR 2) F Guiana 2009 (TropiSAR), 2011-13 (TropiScat) Biomass | EE7 User Consultation Meeting | Graz, Austria | 5-6 March 2013 | Slide 22 Thuy