Giao thức điều khiển chống tắc nghẽn XCP

              !"#$%&'() *+*,-*./012*34,-56) 72/89:,;6-4<,=>:20?6@6-AB*CDE4F,,;6:2-G:) 7H/,IJ60?:2/89:,;6-4<,=>:26K3L) 77@6-AB*CDE4F,,;6:2-G:M NO 7%PI3=Q*6K32*34,-56NO 77H/,IJ66K32*34,-56NO 77R:2S/3:012*34,-56NO 777'+T2*34,-56N 7U2/89:,;6-4<,=>:20?6@6-AB*CDE4F,VW* 7UX/F,IY:-2Z*6F6T36B[, 7U7NZV\,-]:2,*:T-^:-_*,<*:2`Q*:-a: 7UUNZV\,-]:2,*:,<*I4/,[I 7UNZV\,-]:2,*:T-^:-_*,<*:2`Q*2Z*b cde %f77O U*+*,-*./01T-g:D1DD]T-h:2D<:2%77O U7H/,IJ60?:2/89:,;6-4<,=>:26K3%70?7O U7H/,IJ66K3%f77O U77F6=i6,j:-6K3%f77 U7Ujkl01D>,D<:26@m^:6K3%f77) U7#-n*,<4:4k[U7 U7#-n*,<4V*:BUU     7 U7)#-n*,<4[,o4IB2[:,EU U7pF6V4<*,I3qq*6U U7MF6kr6-0l6@m^:,I4:2:,[I:[,Up U7bI36*:2UM U7O4/,*:2O  !sN%f7"#Xt %%&N"%f77 4<,=>:26K3N,I4:2%f77 F6=*CDBA,,-J6,I9:N7 7NI4/,[IU U?:2=u*N F66v/V.:-0jklN 7X/F,IY:-D]T-h:20?N,I4:2%f70?BA,S/^ E4EF:-2*w36-J:2M 7*+*,-*./D]-Y:-D]T-h:2=@:2*^:b 77#A,S/^0+*-3*D]-Y:-D]T-h:20?O xytzsN  ( Nf v:2634N6-4V*9:D<:2-R:,<T H/,IJ60?,-/a,,4F:6K3Nf*,I4:26F6I4/,[I 7Nf*6H/,IJ6,I4:2[:kf-4E,Ep 7#A,S/^D]T-h:2Nf*,I9::Ef7p 7I*C:B-3*T-F,,I*C:{/:2S/3:-6F6:4:fN6V4/kM 77#r6-m^:T-v::-F:-:4:fN6V4/kT-l60l:=`Q:2NM 7U%PB-]:2R:=r:-6K3`+6V`u:2m|:2,-]:2b U>,E}T-`@:2T-FT=*1/B-*C:6-}:2,;6:2-G:D+*)O     U U-`@:2T-FT~•0?€~•)O U7-`@:2T-FT~) UU-`@:2T-FT€yf) U-`@:2T-FTX%f)7 #') "'•#t)                              ‚kk*,*0[:6I[3E[/V,*TV*63,*0[ -/a,,4F:,|:26>:2 ‚[6I[3E[2*^D:-v: y 4:E,3:,y*,3,[  }6=>mj,6}=r:- •‚4:2[E,*4:•*:k4oE#j6-,-`+66Z3ER 6-}:2,;6:2-G: ~~qq*6*[:684:,I4VV[I*1/B-*C:-*./VP6 €€3*I:[EE4:,I4VV[I*1/B-*C:6]:2mƒ:2 € €*V[I3:Eq[II4,464V  *34,-56,I/81:,aT ,*:  [,o4IB:*D3,4I   *:--4<D<:2  % [,o4IB%*D/V3,4I]T-h:2D<:2  I3:D*EE*4:4:,I4VI4,464V*34,-56=*1/B-*C:       ,I/81:,^* N~{TV*6*,4:2[E,*4:4:,I4VI4,464V*34,-56=*1/B-*C: 6-}:2,;6:2-G:N ‚ E[I‚3,32I3DI4,464V *34,-562„*:2`Q* k…:2                I9:,-A2*+**:,[I:[,2*34,-56=g/,*9:=`u6=r:-:2-†3,I4:2€pbUV? D>,2*34,-56S/3:,I‡:2:-H,=FT5:26-4:-*.D0l=^Dm^4=>,*:6a80?T-v:6-*3 -uTV\6K3m|:2,-]:2,+*:2`Q*EZkl:26/}*6…:2ˆ[:kf/E[I‰=ŠI3=Q*6F6-=v8 7:|D0?:„=`u6,-*A,BA=CV?D0*.6,I4:26F6D<:26…:20+*6F6E^:T-‹D6„=> ,ICm|:2,-]:2D56,-HTE40+*-*.::38I4:2-4<,=>:2:„EZkl:2T36B[,mrmhI@* 6-4 =*1/ B-*C: ,I/81: ,}6 => 0? EZ kl:2 D>, ,-/a, ,4F: ‚ ˆ,-/a, ,4F: ,|:2 6>:2L2*^D:-v:‰=C=*1/6-Œ:-,}6=>2Z* +*EPT-F,,I*C:6K3:-/6g/,-]:2,*:D<:2:238:38:-/6g/6K36F6kr6-0l D<:2:2?86?:2=3k<:2T-4:2T-J0?=•*-h*:-*1/D56=>6-H,V`u:2kr6-0lB-F6 :-3/N/-`+:2T-F,,I*C:V?->*,l01D<:20?->*,l01kr6-0l-P6,A6-4,-H8-. ,-}:2 D<:2 :2?8 6?:2 V+: 0? =3 k<:2 D? =*C: -Y:- :-` D<:2 B-]:2 kv8 o*I[V[EE V*:BED<:20.,*:-,In:9:mH,VP60?,-P6,-*D>,6F6-BŽD-*./S/^,I4:2 0*.6=*1/B-*C:6-}:2,;6:2-G:0?B-]*T-l6kwV*./I`+6,Y:--Y:-:?86>:2=_:2 -.,-}:2D<:26„:-*1/=1{/H,T-F,,I*C:0?:-*1/\B*A:=>6=F4Dl6=j6-V?D6-4 6„-*./VP6-@:,I4:2=*1/B*.:D>,-.,-}:2D<:2-*.::380?,`@:2V3* I4:2=_F::?8[D{*:,IY:-m?8D>,,I4:26F6\B*A:=1{/H,=`u6=F:-2*FV? -uTV\:-H,6„,-C,-38,-A6-42*34,-56,I4:2,`@:2V3*2*34,-56N0?D] T-h:2EP-4<,=>:26K3:„,-]:2S/3T-g:D1DD]T-h:2D<:2%70?E4EF:-2*w3 N0?,I4:26…:2D>,D]-Y:-D<:2=@:2*^: _F:2_D6„6F6:>*k/:2E3/ -`@:2%@V`u6012*34,-56-4<,=>:20?6@6-A{ZV\VW* -`@:2*34,-56N -`@:2]T-h:2D<:2%7 -`@:24<,=>:26K3N,I4:2%70?BA,S/^E4EF:-2*w3N0?,I4:2 %7 -`@:2-*9:m^::v:26346K3N,I4:2D<:2-W:,<T       )   !"  #$#%&%'(%)*+,-%./'(01 ?4 6/}* :-w:2 :|D b)O =g/ bpO ,I/:2 ,vD :2-*9: 65/ 6HT 634  ,-/>6m>S/}6T-•:2•ˆ‚4‚‰=`u62*34,IF6-:-*.DT-F,,I*C:D<:2~ <:2~m342_DD<:26K36F6,R6-56S/v:=>*6F6,I`Q:2=<*-‡60?6F6 ,R6-56:2-*9:65/=`u6=C-R,Iu6-46F6kPF::2-*9:65/B-43-‡60?S/v:=>* ˆ:2?8 :38 =R* ,9: ,-?:- ‚‰|D bM ‚4‚6-*3~,-?:- 7 T-g: ~T-l60l6-4:2-*9:65/B-43-‡6'~EZkl:26-4S/v:=>*g/ :-w:2 :|D bMO m> 2*34 ,-56 D+* =`u6 =`3 I3 V?D 2*34 ,-56 6-/‹: 6-4 D<:2 ~ 0? 6F6 D<:2 6K3 ‚4‚ D3:2 ,9: ‚ *:,[I:[, TI4,464V E/*, ,-`Q:2 =`u62‡*V?m>2*34,-56L-386•:2‡*,;,V?L  L6„D>,E}`/=*CDE3/ f *34 ,-56 6-/‹: Dn E•: E?:2 T-F, ,I*C: =>6 VaT 0+* T-g: 65:2 0? -. =*1/ -?:-LV?2*34,-56V\,`n:26-40*.6-uT:-H,T-g:65:20?T-g:D1DB-F6 :-3/:2386^B-*,I/81:,-]:2,I9:*:,[I:[,%P=>6VaTI?:-D<6-0+*T-g:65:20a,V\ 6K3D<:26-4T-ŽTL-uT:-H,6F6D<:2B-F6:-3/6„,-C6-<8,I9:D<:2 ~,-[I:[,D<:24B[:I*:2D<:2S/38E}D<:2N7D<:2^40?D‡*V4<*D]*,I`Q:2 0a,V\,I/81:,-]:2 f>,E@=_=r36-Œk…:26-/:26-4T-ŽTDW*,-*A,mrLk/8:-H,6„D>, =r36-Œ,I9:D<:2:2386^B-*=„V?D<:2,4?:6g/:,[I:[, f*9/6-/‹:-4FD566346K32*34,-56T-…-uT0+*j6-Vu*6K3kr6-0l:2`Q* k…:2`u6,j6--uT0?4-.=*1/-?:-N-R,IuD]-Y:-6V*[:,‘E[I0[ID]-Y:- D<:2mY:-=’:2-W,IuB•,-/a,k“:=`Q:2I>:2 #$2-*345'61(/7'895-+:1;1(<=%>?@/A''615-(B5  ! "#$%&'()*+,-. y>2*34,-56L=`u6T-v:,-?:-,g:2 f g:2D<:2ˆ[,o4IB'38[I‰ f g:2:,[I:[,ˆ:,[I:[,'38[I‰     p f g:22*340a:ˆI3:ET4I,'38[I‰ f g:25:2kl:2ˆTTV*63,*4:'38[I‰ g/,*9:kwV*./=`u6{ZV\mn*,g:23TTV*63,*4:g:2:?86„:-*.D0l,R6-56 kwV*./,-[4B-/]:k<:20?,Ia,,P:-H,=r:-=C,g:23TTV*63,*4:nDF8B-F66„,-C-*C/ =`u6g:23TTV*63,*4:2Z*kwV*./{/}:2,g:2k`+*,-[4k•:2m8,[:}*m8,[…:20+* kwV*./,g:23TTV*63,*4:6”:22Z*{/}:26F6,-]:2,*:=*1/B-*C:B-F62*JT{F6=r:- =r36-Œ=A:=*6K3kwV*./ #-*{/}:2,+*,g:2k•:2kwV*./EG=`u6=„:2,-?:-6F6T36B[,6„Bj6- ,-`+6B-]:2:-H,,-*A,mƒ:2:-3/:-`:2T-^*:-h-@:)#yH/,IJ66K3T36B[,kw V*./2_DD>,T-g:-[3k[I6-53,-]:2,*:=*1/B-*C:0?E3/=„V?kwV*./%3/B-* =„:22„*{4:2n,g:2kwV*./=`u66-/8C:{/}:26-4,g:2 36B[,kwV*./{/}:2,+*,g:2EG,*AT,l6mr=„:22„*V<*,-?:-6F6T36B[,kw V*./:-h-@:E346-46„Bj6-,-`+6T-…-uT0+*D<:26-/8C:D<6-2„*D?:„k…:2 =C ,I/81: kw V*./ I4:2 B-* =„:2 2„*  6”:2 6-•: ,-9D T-g: -[3k[I 6K3 :„ 0?4 T36B[,kwV*./I_*6-/8C:{/}:26-4,g:2‚3,3V*:BL-8E*63V #-*6F6T36B[,kwV*./,+*,g:2‚3,3V*:BEG=`u62;:,-9DD>,-[3k[IB-F6 0?6-/8C: ,+* ,g:2 T-8E*63V=*0?4 D<:2 36B[, kw V*./ VJ6:?8 2‡* V?qI3D[#j6- ,-`+66K3D>,qI3D[-4?:,4?:T-l,-/>60?4D<:2=3:2BA,:}* I4:2S/F,IY:-,I/81:=*,I9:*:,[I:[,qI3D[=`u66F6I4/,[I6-Œk“:=C6„,-C ,+* =J:2 =j6- 6g: ,+*4/,[I ,-P6 I3 V? D>, D4k/V[ 6-Œ 6„ -3* ,g:2 V? [,o4IB 0? ‚3,3V*:BL-8E*63VF6qI3D[,+*I4/,[IEG=`u6,g:2‚3,3V*:BL-8E*63VV‡6mh-[3k[I D?,g:2:?8,-9D0?40?6-/8C:V9:,g:2[,o4IBˆ‰g:2kP30?46F6,-]:2,*: =*1/B-*C:,I4:2-[3k[ID?:„,-9D0?4=CS/8A,=r:-=`Q:2=*,*AT,-[46-4T36B[,  %3/ =„ T36B[,  :?8 V<* =`u6 6-/8C: {/}:2 ,g:2 ‚3,3V*:BL-8E*63V =C =* 0?4 D<:2X/F,IY:-65 ,-A,*AT,l66-4 =A:B-* kwV*./,+*=j6- V?D>,DF8B-F6,I4:2 D<:2 #-*,+*DF8:-a:6F6T36B[,=`u6{ZV\,-[4S/8,IY:-:2`u6V<*0+*DF82Z* g/ ,*9: kw V*./ S/3 ,g:2 k3,3V*:BLT-8E*63V <* =v8qI3D[ mr mh =* T-g: -[3k[I 0? 6-/8C:V9:,g:2<*,g:2kwV*./=`u6m/:2T36B[,E3/=„V9:,g:20? 6/}*6…:2V9:,g:23TTV*63,*4:=C-*C:,-rI3D?:-Y:-       M              ! !/012 V?2*34,-56T-Rm*A::-H,-*.::386-4,I/81:kwV*./,*:6a8,I9::,[I:[, 24?*=*1/B-*C:6-}:2,;6:2-G:I3:„6•:,-P6-*.:6F66-56:|:2B-]*T-l6kwV*./ =ŠDH,0?S/^:V\BA,:}**1/B-*C:6-}:2,;6:2-G:,I4:2,-/>6V4<*=*1/B-*C: 0•:2Bj:T-^:-_*‹: X/^:V\6-}:2,;6:2-G:kP3,I9:,-/a,,4F:,|:26>:22*^D:-v:ˆ‚‰ A/{Š8I3,;6:2-G:Bj6-,-`+66Z3ER2*^D=*D>,:Z3ˆ:-v:0+*O‰0?:2`u6V<* ,-Y,|:2V9:D>,2*F,IrV?%%ˆ3{*D/D%[2D[:,%*–[‰ *1/B-*C:6-}:2 ,;6:2-G:,I4:2=`u6,-P6-*.::-`E3/B-n*,<46aT :-a,:2`—:2,;6:2-G:ˆ‰0?,…8,-/>60?46Z3ER6-}:2,;6:2-G:•6V+:-@:-38 :-h-@:V`/V`u:2=`u6=*1/B-*C:,-[4-3*T-3:-`E3/ -3-3m;,=g/6-aDˆ•6˜‰ #-*D>,=4<:=`u6mF4V?=Š:-a:=`u6•6=`u6,|:2V9:D>,2*F,Ir%% F6T36B[,=`u6,I/81:0?4B9:- -37-36-}:2,;6:2-G:ˆ•6™‰ `Q:2,I/81:{Š8I3,;6:2-G:*^D•6{/}:26•:D>,:Z3aT:-a,V<* CCD%1.'%/5 E.5@C/E' 5'FE5F' F'G/E=5'FEH.1F CCD%1.'%/5 E.5@C/E' 5'FE5F' F'G/E=5'FEH.1F       (3@%1.DF' /@'I /@'     b  *1/B-*C:6-}:2,;6:2-G:,I4:26„:-w:2:-`u6=*CD6@m^:V? f-]:2,*:T-^:-_*V?‹:0Y0a86Z3ER2Z*V/]:2*^D=*D>,:Z3B-*{Š8I3,;6 :2-G:V?B-]:2,-P6EP-*./S/^ fB-]:26-*3EG,-]:2,*:=*1/B-*C:0Y0a86F6BA,:}*6…:2D>,,-Q*=*CD =A:6…:2D>,=j6-ˆD>,,I`Q:2-uT,-`Q:2{Š8I30+*V`/V`u:2 o[m‰EGT-^*6<:- ,I3:-,-380YT-}*-uT=CEZkl:2m|:2,-]:2D<:2D>,6F6--uTV\  *1/B-*C:6-}:2,;6:2-G:6K3B-]:2=FT5:2=`u6=g8=K6F6,*9/6-j =Š:9/6l,-CV? f}*0+*D<:2=i6m*.,V?,I4:2D]*,I`Q:2:-*1/VW*:-`D]*,I`Q:20] ,/8A:0.,*:-,-/a,,4F:=*1/B-*C:6-}:2,;6:2-G:6K3B-]:2-*./S/^-aD 6-j,-]:2V`u:2B-]:2,-C6-HT:-a:=`u6 f }* 0+* D<:2 =3 kr6- 0l ,-/a, ,4F: =*1/ B-*C: 6-}:2 ,;6 :2-G: 6K3  B-]:2=[DV<*,j:-mY:-=’:26g:,-*A,6-46F65:2kl:2 f}*0+*D<:26„V`/V`u:2m*A:=R*=>:2m*A:=R*:-3:-=*1/B-*C:6-}:2 ,;6:2-G:6K3,hI3mH,R:=r:-0?B-]:2->*,l                  O  J  2$#KE.8L%1M.-%./'(01J Nˆ[NTV*6*, 4:,I4V I4,464V‰ V? D>,2*34 ,-56 =*1/ B-*C: 6-}:2 ,;6 :2-G: :,[I:[,D+*=`u6,-*A,BAmn*#3,3m*3:kV[80?4-IE,š0?=`u66]:2m}:-` D>,€T-F6,-^40?4:2?8pLOL7OO%PI3=Q*6K3N=`u6=F:-2*FV?D>,EP ,*A:m>S/3:,I‡:2,I4:2=*1/B-*C:6-}:2,;6:2-G:,I9::,[I:[,N,IY:-m?8EP ,-P6,-*5:2kl:2D<:26„,-C,-P6-*.:,},,I9:T-<D0*I>:2V+:6K3-.,-}:2D<:2 „,-/-J,EP6-J\B-FDT-F6K36>:2=_:2mn*B-^:|:2D?:„=<,=`u6,I4:25:2 kl:2D<:2,}6=>6340?=R,IC634,I4:2B-*k/8,IY0r,Ij-?:2=u*,I4:26F6I4/,[I I4:2-4<,=>:2N,a:kl:2=`u6,}*=32*F,Ir6P6=<*6K3=`Q:2V*:B0?B-]:2EZ kl:2m|:2,-]:26-4T36B[,mr,-H,V<6i6m*.,V?,I4:22*34,-56N6„EP,F6-m*., 2*w36F6-2*^*S/8A,-*./E/H,0?6]:2mƒ:2,I4:2=*1/B-*C:6-}:2,;6:2-G:0?6-4 T-ŽT6F6I4/,[I=i,k/:2V`u:2-*./VP6=C2*^*S/8A,6]:20*.6D>,6F6-:-3:-6-„:2 2$2N*'EO11M.-%./'(01J ! ! ,34% -`:2 8A/ ,} ,-3D 2*3 ,I4:2 N m34 2_D :2`Q* 2Z* :2`Q* :-a: 6F6 :J, ,I/:22*3:6F6I4/,[I,-`Q:2,I9:=`Q:2=*2*w3:2`Q*2Z*,+*:2`Q*:-a:2`Q*2Z* EZkl:2,-]:2 ,*:T-^: -_*,šD<:2=CS/8A,=r:-,}6 => 2Z* ,*: ,}* =3 -4i6 ,-]:2 V`u:2:@*kwV*./:?46„,-C=`u6=`30?4,I4:2D<:2,-]:2,*:T-^:-_*:?8=`u6 89/6g/,-]:2S/30*.6EZkl:26K3D>,-[3k[I6-}:2,;6:2-G:,I4:2DW*2„*D?:„ 2Z*=*F6I4/,[Ik‡6,-[4=`Q:2=*6„,-C6aT:-a,-[3k[I6-}:2,;6:2-G:B-*6F6 T36B[,kr6-6-/8C:,š:2`Q*2Z*=A::2`Q*:-a:2`Q*:-a:E346-ŽT,-]:2,*:T-^: -_*D<:20?4,I4:26F62„*,*:=*S/36K3k•:2T-^:-_*>,[:kfE8E,[DE6„,-C6„ 6-56:|:22*}:2:-`D>,:2`Q*2Z*0?D>,:2`Q*:-a:,<*6…:2D>,,-Q*=*CD Y:-T-j3k`+*6/:26HT6F6,-P6,-C,-3D2*3,I4:2N2`Q*2Z*B-n*,<4 -[3k[I6-}:2,;6:2-G:6F6I4/,[I,I9:=`Q:26„,-C6aT:-a,6-J:20?:2`Q*:-a:EG E346-ŽT,-]:2,*:T-^:-_*,šD<:20?4,I4:2D>,T36B[,,InV<*6K3k•:2T-^:-_*