Hướng dẫn tự học IELTS writing task 2

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MỤC LỤC I Tổng quan IELTS Writing task Yêu cầu chung Cấu trúc viết II Phương pháp làm Phương pháp viết lại câu Phương pháp hình thành câu 18 a Phương pháp hình thành câu đơn 18 b Phương pháp hình thành câu phức câu ghép 25 c Phương pháp sử dụng từ nối 32 Phương pháp hình thành đoạn văn 37 a Mở 37 b Thân 40 c Kết 44 III Chiến lược làm 46 IV Phương pháp làm dạng 52 a Argumentative Essay 53 b Discussion Essay 67 c Advantage and Disadvantage Essay 82 d Problem and Solution Essay 96 e 2-Part Question Essay 109 V Luyện tập 121 Đáp án 142 HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK I Tổng quan IELTS Writing task Yêu cầu chung Bên cạnh task 1, task phần viết quan trọng thi IELTS Writing thường đề cập đến vấn đề xoay quanh sống hàng ngày Education (Giáo dục), Technology (Công nghệ), Transportation (Giao thông), Environment (Môi trường) Đây chủ đề quen thuộc nhiệm vụ bạn đưa quan điểm, ý kiến cho vấn đề Task khơng u cầu bạn có kiến thức định vấn đề đề đưa mà quan trọng bảo vệ quan điểm thơng qua từ vựng ngữ pháp phù hợp Phần viết IELTS task cần có dung lượng tối thiểu 250 từ, chiếm 2/3 số điểm viết cần hồn thiện thời gian 40 phút Trong q trình viết, không bám sát thời gian, bạn dễ tinh thần khó hồn thiện tất đoạn văn với chất lượng tốt Bởi vậy, việc phân bổ thời gian làm theo sát chặt chẽ quan trọng Cũng IELTS task 1, task đánh giá dựa tiêu chí: • Hồn thành u cầu đề bài, đưa câu trả lời cho vấn đề nói đến • Có tính mạch lạc liên kết câu, sử dụng từ nối phù hợp Task achievement Lexical resource • Vốn từ vựng phong phú, đa dạng linh hoạt Coherence and cohesion Grammatical range and accuracy • Sử dụng xác kết hợp nhiều cấu trúc viết Mỗi tiêu chí bao gồm yêu cầu, kĩ cụ thể như: HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK Cách đánh giá Tiêu chí Task achievement  Đọc kĩ đề cố gắng trả lời vấn đề đưa đề (Khả hoàn thành  Đưa luận điểm rõ ràng luận điểm phụ bổ trợ yêu cầu đề bài) cho luận điểm  Sử dụng ví dụ cụ thể thích hợp để chứng minh cho luận điểm Coherence and  Đảm bảo viết đủ dung lượng 250 từ (từ 260 – 270 từ) Cohesion (Tính mạch lạc liên  Lập dàn ý để đảm bảo tính thống cho viết kết câu, đoạn Sử dụng từ nối phù hợp với nội dung câu nội dung đoạn văn) Lexical Resource  Sử dụng từ vựng ngữ cảnh, ngữ nghĩa (Vốn từ vựng phong  Sử dụng từ vựng chủ đề phú) Grammatical Range  Sử dụng câu phức, câu ghép để tăng tính logic cho viết and Accuracy  Sử dụng xác phù hợp với yêu cầu đề (Sử dụng đa dạng cấu trúc ngữ pháp) Cấu trúc viết Dù cho có nhiều dạng thi IELTS Writing task 2, cấu trúc phần luận áp dụng cho hầu hết cho tất dạng Mở bài: - Giới thiệu chủ đề - Trả lời câu hỏi/Đưa định hướng cho viết Ví dụ: Đưa ý kiến đồng ý hay không đồng ý nhận định đề Thân bài: - Đoạn 1: HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK o Câu mở đoạn o Các câu triển khai ý (Giải thích, ví dụ) - Đoạn 2: o Câu mở đoạn o Các câu triển khai ý (Giải thích, ví dụ) Kết bài: Tóm tắt lại nội dung hai đoạn nhắc lại ý kiến/ câu trả lời cho câu hỏi II Phương pháp làm Phương pháp viết lại câu Đổi thể loại từ Dùng câu chủ động bị động Dùng từ đồng nghĩa Dùng chủ ngữ giả Viết lại câu Thay đổi trật tự từ Phương pháp Paraphrase (Viết lại câu) hiểu cách đơn giản phương pháp viết lại câu mà không làm thay đổi nghĩa gốc qua việc vận dụng từ đồng nghĩa cấu trúc mang ý nghĩa tương tự Ví dụ: - Drinking water is very important to our health  Drinking water plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle Đây kĩ đặc biệt quan trọng, nhờ đó: HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK  Giúp bạn tránh lỗi trùng lặp từ hay đạo văn tham khảo nguồn tài liệu khác nhau, đồng thời giúp viết tránh bị rời rạc, lủng củng, hay bị ngắt quãng chừng câu trích dẫn (đặc biệt trường hợp lạm dụng trích dẫn)  Giúp bạn tóm lược nội dung nói/ viết đơn giản dễ hiểu (trong trường hợp bạn muốn giải thích hay tóm tắt luận điểm)  Tận dụng việc paraphrase lại câu hỏi để có thêm thời gian suy nghĩ câu trả lời Cách 1: Dùng từ đồng nghĩa Từ đồng nghĩa (Synonym) từ loại từ mang ý nghĩa giống Tuy nhiên, từ khác nghĩa hiển thị từ thay cho hay dựa theo ngữ cảnh Ví dụ: advantages = benefits, pros, the plus points Sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa việc viết lại câu cách hiệu Tuy nhiên, trình tìm từ vựng phù hợp để thay keyword câu chủ đề, bạn cần đặc biệt lưu ý nghĩa gốc ngữ cảnh sử dụng từ đó, tránh trường hợp chọn từ gần nghĩa thay từ đồng nghĩa, dẫn đến trường hợp tạo câu mang nghĩa không sát với câu gốc Để tránh tình trạng này, bạn nên truy cập vào đường link https://www.thesaurus.com để tra cứu trường từ vựng đồng nghĩa phù hợp theo ngữ cảnh Ví dụ: the most important factor/element Exercise is the key to health Physical training/activity healthy life/body  Physical training is the most important factor for a healthy life HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK Imposing tax has both positive and negative effects Taxation benefits and drawbacks  Taxation brings about both benefits and drawbacks Tip s Trong trình tìm từ vựng phù hợp để thay keyword câu chủ đề, bạn cần đặc biệt lưu ý nghĩa gốc ngữ cảnh sử dụng từ đó, tránh trường hợp chọn từ gần nghĩa thay từ đồng nghĩa, dẫn đến trường hợp tạo câu mang nghĩa không sát với câu gốc Bài luyện tập: Ex 1: Tìm từ, cụm từ đồng nghĩa với từ vựng đoạn văn sau: a To truly tackle traffic congestion, we need more realistic solutions than restricting people to stay indoors One such solution can be improving public transportation The convenience of public conveyance would discourage many to use their private cars, which is the primary reason for bad traffic in many cities Furthermore, the government can encourage people to use an eco-friendly mode of transport, like the bicycle, by dedicating a separate lane for them Many European and Asian cities, for example, already have separate cycle lanes and this has been truly effective in promoting environment-friendly vehicles and reducing traffic congestion HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK solve way lower enhance traffic jam main moreover terrible Word/Phrase Synonym Word tackle primary traffic congestion reduce solution furthermore improve bad b Synonym With the change of the family structure and social norm, people these days want their children to excel in education and other creative fields rather than taking care of the family Joint family predominated the society and parents had more children in the past With the rise of the nuclear family and one-to-two-child-family policy, parents totally focus on a child's education, unlike the past In my opinion, blaming children for not taking responsibilities is an impartial judgement as modern children have far more pressure from schools and parents They are not expected to earn money or house hold works in a well-to-do family With the increasing literacy rates, less discrimination in a family, women empowerment and better lifestyle, the trend has more positive outcomes, without a doubt tendency result concentrate on look after improvement prevail Word/Phrase Synonym Word take care of trend rise predominate focus on outcome Synonym HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK Ex 2: Sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa gợi ý viết lại câu sau: a Universities should accept equal numbers of men and women in every subject (the same number of) b Some people think that it is better to educate boys and girls in seperate schools (single-sex schools) c Even though globalization affects the world’s economies in a positive way, the negative side should not be forgotten (In spite of / good effects / drawbacks) d The problem of deforestion is impossible to avoid, especially when people focus too much on making profits (undeniable / concentrate on) e One of the main reasons for students to have higher education is to get high salary when graduated (well-paid jobs) f The increasing level of pollution relates directly to the development of economy (associated to) g Many people believe that government should provide free education to all citizens (be equipped with / non-paid education) HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK h It is undeniable to say that the gender inequality is still happening in the developing countries (unavoidable / third world countries) i The urgent thing is to solve the existing problem about malnutrition in Africa (crucial / deal with) j The main factors for dealing with the issue include both government and citizens (tackle) Cách 2: Dùng câu chủ động bị động - Trong trường hợp câu chủ đề câu chủ động, bạn sử dụng cấu trúc chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động ngược lại Đây kĩ thuật hay sử dụng việc viết lại câu - Việc đầu tiên, bạn cần phân biệt cấu trúc hai dạng câu này: o Câu chủ động: S + V/tobe o Câu bị động: S + tobe + P2  Cách chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động Động từ (V) Ví dụ: - People should use plastic bags less to save the environment and maintain sustainable Chủ ngữ (S) Tân ngữ (O) development HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 10  Plastic bags should be used less to save the environment and maintain sustainable S V development - Amazon fires damaged the natural habitats of various creatures and wild animals S V O  The natural habitat of various creatures and wild animals was damaged by Amazon S V O fires Bài luyện tập: Ex 3: Gạch chân cấu trúc bị động đoạn văn sau: Đoạn 1: The power of advertising is undeniable The growth of the advertising industry has resulted in many people buying products of the same manufacture, which can be seen in the case of consumer goods Today, the advertising campaigns of multinational companies such as Unilever have been remarked that their products almost dominate the market Smaller enterprises tend not to be able to compete with these giant market leaders due to their disadvantages of capital poured into advertising programs Thus, customers are often swayed to buy products of famous brands rather than those made by less well-known companies Đoạn 2: The most worrying aspect of nuclear technology is its use for military purposes by many high and mighty countries Enough atomic bombs have already been made which are capable of completely destroying the planet An increasing number of countries now have nuclear weapons or have the technology required to make such bombs, and there is an ongoing debate about how to control the threat of nuclear weapons After the fall of Russia, many Russian scientists have found their nuclear technology expertise is in high demand in countries that have an ambition with nuclear technology Many believe that, at that time, technology has been secretly made available to many aspiring countries such as Iraq, North Korea, India, Pakistan and others HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 11 Another reason for government spending on education is financial situation that students may deal with when graduate It is undeniable that some poor pupils have to part-time jobs after school and at the weekend in order to save money for the tuition loans Consequently, these financial pressures tend to lessen their time and efforts on class performance which is undoubtedly worse during the time To conclude, I am against the opinion that students should pay for the education fees themselves The government spending on tuition will not only benefit students individually but also socially for the long-term period Ex 23: There is a wide spread saying that having good reading ability contributes to our imaginative and linguistic skills much more than TV programme To a certain extent, I would agree with the statement, but I am also of the opinion that watching TV shows plays a vital role in developing cognitive skills as well It is true to say that reading is an active method of information acquisition which enables people to enhance their imagination and language skills By absorbing knowledge through diverse types of books such as thriller, science-fiction and myths, readers themselves are able to expose to new cultures and imagine new things which undoubtedly boost their creativity It is also a reason that parents have a tendency of spurring their children to read as more as possible to widen their mind and imagination Meanwhile, reading provides bookworms more formal words, collocations and the way to use these expressions in the right circumstances Written words not only convey meanings but also deliver author’s thoughts and attitudes, so people tend to gain more experiences in manifesting their ideas and feelings On the other side, watching TV also brings positive impacts on our mind and language In stead of spending hours capturing the main ideas of written contents, audiences just need a couple of hours to go through everything illustrated vividly and visually For instance, in order to learn about science and wild life, nothing is better for students than watching it on TV through experiments and some appealing channels like National Geographic and Discovery shows Besides, making used of TV programmes is an effective method to get expertise in a new HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 157 language It is undeniable to say that the variety of TV channels provides linguistic learners a great number of materials to improve their speaking and listening skills Thanks to these sources, they have precious opportunities to learn from native speakers without paying any tuitions To conclude, I would argue that both reading and watching TV contributes tremendously to the development of people’s creativity and language-based skills The main point is these sources need to be taken seriously so that people can take full advantages of them Ex 24: It is true that some minority languages may disappear in the near future Although it can be argued that governments could save money by allowing this to happen, I believe that these languages should be protected and preserved There are several reasons why saving minority languages could be seen as a waste of money Firstly, if a language is only spoken by a small number of people, expensive education programmes will be needed to make sure that more people learn it, and the state will have to pay for facilities, teachers and marketing This money might be better spent on other public services Secondly, it would be much cheaper and more efficient for countries to have just one language Governments could cut all kinds of costs related to communicating with each minority group Despite the above arguments, I believe that governments should try to preserve languages that are less widely spoken A language is much more than simply a means of communication; it has a vital connection with the cultural identity of the people who speak it If a language disappears, a whole way of life will disappear with it, and we will lose the rich cultural diversity that makes societies more interesting By spending money to protect minority languages, governments can also preserve traditions, customs and behaviours that are part of a country’s history n conclusion, it may save money in the short term if we allow minority languages to disappear, but in the long term this would have an extremely negative impact on our cultural heritage (Nguồn: IELTS Simon) Ex 25: HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 158 People have different views about the role and function of museums In my opinion, museums can and should be both entertaining and educational On the one hand, it can be argued that the main role of a museum is to entertain Museums are tourist attractions, and their aim is to exhibit a collection of interesting objects that many people will want to see The average visitor may become bored if he or she has to read or listen to too much educational content, so museums often put more of an emphasis on enjoyment rather than learning This type of museum is designed to be visually spectacular, and may have interactive activities or even games as part of its exhibitions On the other hand, some people argue that museums should focus on education The aim of any exhibition should be to teach visitors something that they did not previously know Usually this means that the history behind the museum’s exhibits needs to be explained, and this can be done in various ways Some museums employ professional guides to talk to their visitors, while other museums offer headsets so that visitors can listen to detailed commentary about the exhibition In this way, museums can play an important role in teaching people about history, culture, science and many other aspects of life In conclusion, it seems to me that a good museum should be able to offer an interesting, enjoyable and educational experience so that people can have fun and learn something at the same time Ex 26: It is thought by some people that English, which is now the most widely spoken language in the world, may one day predominate over all other languages and result in their eventual disappearance Having one language would certainly aid understanding and economic growth but there will also be some drawbacks One evident benefit to having one global language is that it would enable greater understanding between countries In other words, if everyone spoke one language, there would be complete understanding between not only countries but all people throughout the world which would promote learning, the flow of information and ideas Another reason that one language would be advantageous is that it would help economia growth With all people speaking the same language, there will be less barriers and therefore trade would flourish between countries, resulting in a healthier world economy HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 159 On the other hand, there are obvious disadvantages to having only one global language Firstly, it would mean that all other languages would eventually disappear and, along with them, their cultures The diversity of cultures is one of the joys this world has to offer Each culture is unique with its own way of life and own perspectives of the world which would all be lsot if there were only one language Secondly, it would result in the collapse of tourism because there would be no reason to travel for pleasure and interest if all countries had the same language and similar cultures This would devastate many countries economically that rely on tourism as a source of income In conclusion, while there are plus points to having one global language, too much would be lost as a result Maintaining local languages and cultures should be prioritised to ensure a rich world heritage for future generations (Nguồn: IELTS Liz) Ex 27: It is true that video surveillance has become commonplace in many cities in recent years While I understand that critics may see this as an invasion of privacy, I believe that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks There are two main reasons why people might disapprove of the use of video cameras in public places The first objection is that these cameras invade our privacy, in the sense that we are constantly being watched by the authorities or by private security firms Many people find this intrusive and feel that the recording of their movements is a form of state control that curtails their individual freedom The second argument against the proliferation of CCTV cameras is that they are being used as an alternative to police officers patrolling the streets If this is indeed happening, then it is unlikely that members of the public will feel safer In spite of the drawbacks mentioned above, I believe that the use of video cameras to monitor public areas is a positive measure The key objective of video surveillance is to deter criminals and to prevent crime For example, petty criminals like shoplifters and pickpockets are less likely to operate in parts of cities where they know that they are being watched At the same time, when crimes are committed, the police can use video evidence to catch and prosecute offenders Therefore, in my view, video cameras offer valuable support to police officers, and they make cities safer for inhabitants, workers and visitors alike HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 160 In conclusion, it seems to me that we gain more than we lose from the enhanced security that CCTV cameras bring to our cities (Nguồn: IELTS Simon) Ex 28: The enormous growth in the use of the internet over the last decade has led to radical changes to the way that people consume and share information Although serious problems have arisen as a result of this, there are solutions One of the first problems of the internet is the ease with which children can access potentially dangerous sites For example, pornography sites are easily accessible to them because they can register with a site and claim to be an adult There is no doubt that this affects their thoughts and development, which is a negative impact for the children and for society Another major problem is the growth of online fraud and hacking These days, there are constant news stories about government and company websites that have been hacked, resulting in sensitive information falling into the hands of criminals It is important that action is taken to combat these problems Governments should ensure that adequate legislation and controls are in place that will prevent young people from accessing dangerous sites, such as requiring more than simply confirming that you are an adult to view a site Parents also have a part to play They need to closely monitor the activities of their children and restrict their access to certain sites, which can now be done through various computer programs Companies must also improve their onsite IT security systems to make fraud and hacking much more difficult by undertaking thorough reviews of their current systems for weaknesses To conclude, the internet is an amazing technological innovation that has transformed people’s lives, but not without negative impacts However, with the right action by individuals, governments and businesses, it can be made a safe place for everyone Ex 29: Poor student behaviour seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 161 In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working patients not have the time for this, but in more material ways They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat the situation But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to this, and high quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for individual families, but for society as a whole Ex 30: The relative success of different countries is usually defined in economic terms There are several other factors, apart from the economy, that could be used to assess a country, and in my opinion education is the most important of all Standards of education, health and individual human rights should certainly be considered when measuring a country’s status A good education system is vital for the development of any nation, with schools, colleges and universities bearing the responsibility for the quality of future generations of workers Healthcare provision is also an indicator of the standard of living within a country, and this can be measured by looking at average life expectancy rates or availability of medical services Finally, human rights and levels of equality could be taken into account For HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 162 example, a country in which women not have the same opportunities as men might be considered less successful than a country with better genderequality In my view, a country’s education system should be seen as the most important indicator of its success and level of development This is because education has a considerable effect on the other two factors mentioned above It affects people’s health in the sense that doctors and nurses need to be trained, and scientists need to be educated to the highest levels before they can carry out medical research It also affects the economy in the sense that a well-educated workforce will allow a variety of companies and industries to flourish, leading to trade with other countries, and increased wealth In conclusion, nations can be assessed and compared in a variety of ways, but I would argue that the standard of a country's education system is the best measure of its success Ex 31: In today’s society, some parents are becoming increasingly permissive They not impose sufficient discipline on their children, and in some cases buy them too many things This essay will explore why this is not a good way to raise children and why it will have negative impacts upon them in future While it is understandable that parents want to give their children expensive toys and let them run freely in the streets, this is actually not really an appropriate method of parenting Having too many toys encourages children to be materialistic and does not offer them the same change to develop social skills like sharing Furthermore, when children have asked for the toys, it gives them a sense of entitlement and even power over their parents As for giving children too much freedom, there are obviously a great many dangers in this world from which they need to be kept safe Children also need rules and boundaries to encourage them to develop into mature and responsible adults If parents insist on this permissive style of parenting, their children will grow up with very different values from those of stricter parents Children who were never forced to study will end up with poorer grades in school, and those who were given everything they wanted as children will expect everything to come easily as adults In short, they will lead difficult and disappointing lives, in contrast with what their parents hoped HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 163 In conclusion, although it is tempting to give children whatever they want, parents ought to set rules and boundaries, and to be careful with how they reward children If parents fail to impose a basic level of discipline, children may grow up with a poor attitude that will cause them and others to suffer Ex 32: In my opinion, men and women should have the same educational opportunities However, I not agree with the idea of accepting equal proportions of each gender in every university subject Having the same number of men and women on all degree courses is simply unrealistic Student numbers on any course depend on the applications that the institution receives If a university decided to fill courses with equal numbers of males and females, it would need enough applicants of each gender In reality, many courses are more popular with one gender than the other, and it would not be practical to aim for equal proportions For example, nursing courses tend to attract more female applicants, and it would be difficult to fill these courses if fifty per cent of the places needed to go to males Apart from the practical concerns expressed above, I also believe that it would be unfair to base admission to university courses on gender Universities should continue to select the best candidates for each course according to their qualifications In this way, both men and women have the same opportunities, and applicants know that they will be successful if they work hard to achieve good grades at school If a female student is the best candidate for a place on a course, it would be wrong to reject her in favour of a male student with lower grades or fewer qualifications In conclusion, the selection of university students should be based on merit, and it would be both impractical and unfair to change to a selection procedure based on gender Ex 33: It is sometimes argued that tourists from overseas should be charged more than local residents to visit important sites and monuments I completely disagree with this idea The argument in favour of higher prices for foreign tourists would be that cultural or historical attractions often depend on state subsidies to keep them going, which means that the resident population already pays money to these sites through the tax system However, I believe this to be HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 164 a very shortsighted view Foreign tourists contribute to the economy of the host country with the money they spend on a wide range of goods and services, including food, souvenirs, accommodation and travel The governments and inhabitants of every country should be happy to subsidise important tourist sites and encourage people from the rest of the world to visit them If travellers realised that they would have to pay more to visit historical and cultural attractions in a particular nation, they would perhaps decide not to go to that country on holiday To take the UK as an example, the tourism industry and many related jobs rely on visitors coming to the country to see places like Windsor Castle or Saint Paul’s Cathedral These two sites charge the same price regardless of nationality, and this helps to promote the nation’s cultural heritage If overseas tourists stopped coming due to higher prices, there would be a risk of insufficient funding for the maintenance of these important buildings In conclusion, I believe that every effort should be made to attract touristsfrom overseas, and it would be counterproductive to make them pay more than local residents Ex 34: People have different views about the role and function of museums In my opinion, museums can and should be both entertaining and educational On the one hand, it can be argued that the main role of a museum is to entertain Museums are tourist attractions, and their aim is to exhibit a collection of interesting objects that many people will want to see The average visitor may become bored if he or she has to read or listen to too much educational content, so museums often put more of an emphasis on enjoyment rather than learning This type of museum is designed to be visually spectacular, and may have interactive activities or even games as part of its exhibitions On the other hand, some people argue that museums should focus on education The aim of any exhibition should be to teach visitors something that they did not previously know Usually this means that the history behind the museum’s exhibits needs to be explained, and this can be done in various ways Some museums employ professional guides to talk to their visitors, while other museums offer headsets so that visitors can listen to detailed commentary about the exhibition In this way, museums can play an important role in teaching people about history, culture, science and many other aspects of life HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 165 In conclusion, it seems to me that a good museum should be able to offer an interesting, enjoyable and educational experience so that people can have fun and learn something at the same time Ex 35: Climate change is a phenomenon affecting all people in all walks of life, from individual citizens to whole countries and huge multinational companies The question of what we can to prevent global climate change and whether individual action is effective or not is a hotly debated issue There are those who say that the majority of the damages is wrought by big businesses By imposing restrictions on emissions and by strictly monitoring waste disposal from factories, plants and businesses, governments would go a long way towards preventing climate change It is thought that governments around the world should come up with solutions to help prevent imminent environment disaster Proponents of this view claim that individual action is irrelevant in the face of massive, wide-scale prevention policies set and controlled by governments On the other hand, there are a growing number of people who believe that individual action combined with governmental and business action will a lot more to prevent climate change than if individual citizens were not involved In a world of six billion people, if everyone thought about the number of water they use, how they dispose of their rubbish, whether or not something needs to be thrown away or if they can, in fact, re-use certain items then we would be giving the problem of climate change and its prevention a massive boost Taking both points into consideration, I firmly believe that individual citizens cannot sit back and say it is someone else’s responsibility to protect the environments; we must all play our partindividual citizens, governments and big businesses alike Ex 36: These days, to get a better job opportunity or better education, many young people leave their house and go to continue their life far away from their families This growing trend has both pros and cons which will be elucidated in the following paragraphs I personally feel that leaving home for a better education or career is a right step to take On the one hand, if young people live separately, they will learn how to become self-reliant and make decisions independently For example, when those young people live with their family, most HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 166 of their tasks are done by their parents However, when they start living far away, they learn how to manage their time, clean the house, laundry, cook and pay the bills and so on Also, they will learn the value of money and try to spend it reasonability and save it for the future Furthermore, they make new friends and learn about diverse customs and cultures On the other hand, when those young live alone, there are lots of responsibilities to take which they often fail to complete accurately Initially, this perhaps leads them to feel isolated and if they not find a suitable way to get rid of that, it causes depression Furthermore, they are often not mature enough to avoid the pitfalls of bad company and habits So, if they find inappropriate friends or roommates who have bad habits, they would probably get involved in unethical acts and crimes In conclusion, from what has been discussed, although living alone may have some drawbacks but it leads to young people bringing up more independent which it is essential for their entire life Ex 37: Education is the fundamental building block for children’s development However, the growth of students is very much dependent on the way of coaching Some prefer educating students at home while others think it is necessary for children to attend schools In this essay, I will analyse both viewpoints before reaching a reasonable conclusion There are groups of people who consider homeschooling has many benefits for child’s growth For instance, a student studying at home can get personal attention from parents which result in good academic results Furthermore, parents are aware of their child’s weakness and can help him to cope with difficulties Thus, it can be said that children can learn their subjects at the pace in which they are comfortable and this can help them to excel in studies On the other hand, many consider schools as the required element in student growth Educational institutions, for example, concentrate on teaching moral values like tolerance and sharing along with studies Moreover, they are encouraged to perform tasks in a team, enabling them to learn teamwork and not to dishearten by failure Therefore, chances of suffering from depression are reduced to a greater extent in case he doesn’t get what he desired in the real world HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 167 From above, it can be seen that both the viewpoints have their own merits However, I tend to believe that in order to sustain in the actual world, students should be motivated to get educated in institutions rather than learning alone at home It is thus hoped that the government will enforce strict laws for attendance in school compulsory Ex 38: For the past few decades, we have observed a major shift in climatic conditions of planet Earth Drift in the environmental system is largely due to global warming which has become an acute problem This essay will analyse the root causes of global warming and will suggest remedies to lower the risk associated with this alarming problem There are many causes of global warming, but it is mostly due to the greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon where gases such as carbon dioxide trap heat from the sun which causes the global temperature to rise above optimal level Activities of human beings contribute equally to the increase of global warming Factories and vehicles result in the emission of carbon gases and fumes which are depleting the ozone layer surrounding the earth Utilisation of fossil fuels and other hazardous chemicals are other reasons of global warming Moreover, countries are becoming more industrialised and are dumping waste into the atmosphere without realising its harmful effects and severity of the issue Rising temperatures due to global warming would result in melting of polar ice-caps which will trigger severe floods, droughts and other extreme weather conditions This critical issue which could potentially eliminate the human race should be death on government and individual level Governments should enforce strict policies and regulations to control the emission of carbon gases from industries More focus should be made on using alternative petroleum products that are environment-friendly Industries that are certified green should be charged lower tax rate Awareness programs should be organised to educate masses Apart from government, individual members of the society should step forward and play their role People should select green vehicles for their transportation requirement; they should dump the waste properly, prefer to work in green certified industries and educate others HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 168 To conclude, global warming poses a serious threat to mankind, wildlife and ecosystem of the planet Governments and civilians both share equal responsibility to overcome this issue and make planet earth safer for mankind and other inhabitants Ex 39: Youth drug abuse is perhaps the most notorious and concerning issue that the poor and rich nations suffer from equally Many young talents are wasted and families are destroyed due to drug abuse, especially by teenagers Not only the illegal drugs are being abused, but also the youth's experiment with the alcohol and illegal substances are on the rise Suggesting accurate remedies for youth drug abuse is quite tough as it requires a clear understanding of the underlying reasons To note down the possible reasons for youth drug abuse, we need to consider the availability of these drugs and corrupted police department first According to several recent news reports and investigations, the police department has the list of all drug dealers and possible spots where illegal drugs are sold If this is the case, why they are yet to wipe out the illegal drug business from the city? Possibly money and corruption play a role here Some people say that family bonding in modern life is not as close as they used to be Due to family issues and pressure, many young people start abusing drugs Initially, they find it a relief but soon they get trapped Thirdly, the lack of proper counselling and teenager’s curiosity drive many teenagers to try new drugs This is a serious trend and family and teachers must consult with students to find out whether they have some bad companies who are on drugs The concrete reason for young to abuse drugs are still unclear and many psychologists and sociologists blame the examples set by the elders Public advertisements, magazines and movies that depict smoking and drinking can attract young minds to try them and this is just the beginning that ends is abusing serious substances like cocaine or heroin Personally, I would like to suggest that the authority should try to wipe out the illegal drug businesses from the country If the illegal drug business is closed, teenagers would not be curious to try them Another way to tackle this issue by having a better family bonding and parents spending quality time with the children Finally, all sorts of public advertisement of tobacco or alcohol should be banned HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 169 Hopefully, the day is close when we will have no young drug abuser in our society and this can be achieved by us - as a father, as a teacher, as a friend and finally as a law-enforcing officer If we play our roles properly, we will have a better society Ex 40: Money has an important impact on most people’s lives, whether by being plentiful or in short supply While it cannot buy happiness, it can provide much that is of value In my view the right use of money is to improve people’s lives, starting with one’s own family First, it helps to provide the means for people to develop themselves – by supporting children’s growth, education and interests, through enabling adults to study and train or re-train and to develop skill to high level A third way that money contributes is to provide pleasure, so that family members can pursue hobbies and enjoy holidays Money is also necessary for many cultural interests: attending concerts and theatre, for example, or buying a musical instrument A further use of money is to provide security against emergencies and in retirement Last and not least, one of the right uses of money is to give to others, perhaps in the form of charity, so they can enjoy the same things that we can All the elements of life mentioned above are important, but ultimately people find satisfaction – a good life, that is in relation to other humans We need to be part of a community, to give and receive, to have relationships with others in family, community and work environment We need to be useful and to help others The contributions we can make (or receive) in these endeavours may or may not be financial In other words, money is not the only, or even the most important, factor in developing a good life, but it can certainly make an important contribution Ex 41: Thanks to widespread women’s rights movements, more and more women have become the breadwinners for their family while their husbands stay at home looking after the kids In my opinion, this is the result of an extreme, yet naïve ideology that has created an imbalance in many families Organized groups which call for absolute equality between men and women are often shallow minded Many such groups make illogical demands such as giving both couples exactly equal and HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 170 reversible rights and responsibilities In theory, this sounds fair and square However, when you look at the details, it is not hard to see that this arrangement paralyzes both men and women by reversing their natural roles Improper allocation of roles puts exceedingly high pressure on women, and renders men’s roles rather ineffective When women are the primary breadwinners for the family, they cannot afford to take long maternity leaves Not only because such holidays may be unpaid, but also because they need to progress in their jobs to support their expanding family It is a well-known fact that mothers develop better bonds with new born babies In addition, babies need to be breastfed multiple times during the day This will not be possible if the mother has a demanding job that requires her to be away from the child for long hours Therefore, it is counterproductive for the father to be the main caretaker That said, it is indeed productive for the man to help with raising kids The woman should also work to secure the financial future of the family In short, it is plausible for partners to share their domestic responsibilities, but an arrangement where mothers earn a living and fathers stay at home is way too extreme HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 171 ... have a break from studying after graduating from high school HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 18 *Cách sử dụng thi IELTS Writing task - Diễn tả thật hiển nhiên Ví dụ: The global warming is... communications have led to the global business world that we have today HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 21 Ex 8: Đọc câu trả lời cho đề IELTS Speaking Part sau Tick (V) từ gạch chân ngữ pháp, sửa lại... day, but it was so frightening that I will never forget it (13) (14) (15) (16) HƯỚNG DẪN TỰ HỌC IELTS WRITING TASK 22 Thì tương lai đơn (Future simple tense) *Với động từ tobe: *Với động từ thường: