Towards a strategic direction for internationalization of vietnamese higher education institutions

TOWARDS A STRATEGIC DIRECTION FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION OF VIETNAMESE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS A DISSERTATION Presented to The Faculty of Educational Leadership & Management Department College of Education De La Salle University – Manila In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education major in Educational Leadership & Management By LÊ HOÀNG DŨNG Manila, September 2008 ii iii Acknowledgements This dissertation project would not have been possible without the help and assistance in various forms and from different sources First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest thanks and gratitude to my faculty adviser, Dr Sherlyne A Almonte-Acosta, whose enthusiasm, advice and suggestions have guided me through the stages of this study My special thanks also extend to the panel chair and members, Dr Roberto T Borromeo, Dr Michaela P Munoz, Dr Carmelita Pabiton, Dr Adelaida L Bago and Dr Sr Teresa P Yasa, whose insightful recommendations have greatly helped me in making possible adjustments and necessary purification on this research project I would also sincerely thank the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia (UBCHEA) who have so far sponsored my study at the De La Salle University-Manila as well DLSU-UBCHEA program coordinators from College of Education, especially Dr Remedios Z Miciano, Dr Barbara Wong Fernandez, Dr Rochelle Irene G Lucas, Dr Danilo T Dayag, Dr Roberto T Borromeo, Ms Ivy F Santos, Ms Philma, Mr Rodeol Masilungan, and Ms Tina, among others for their help in academic matters and administrative facilitation before and during my enrolment at this University I also thank the Faculty of Department of Educational Leadership and Management, whose instruction, experience, and inspiration have been a great source of encouragement for my instillation of the topic for this study from its infancy stage to completion of this report I also thank Mr Sok Uttara and other local and foreign classmates at DLSU-Manila for their sharings and insights regarding this research topic since its early stages May I also thank the administrators of my home institution, the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU–HCMC as well as the Former Dean Nguyễn Huỳnh Đạt, Dr Nguyễn Tiến Hùng, Dean Dr Nguyễn Thị Kiều Thu, Dr Tô Minh Thanh, my professors and my faculty iv colleagues from the Faculty of English Linguistics and Literature, for their facilitation, encouragement, and assistance so that I was able to have a chance to pursue this course This study could not have been completed without the very special help, document provision, willingness, participation and informative answers of all respondents from the University of Economics-HCMC, the University of Social Sciences and Humanities-HCMC, the University of Technology, Van Hien University, HCMC University of Technology, HCMC University of Foreign Languages, and Information Technology, and HCMC Open University To all of their great help am I in debt May I acknowledge the help of Prof Dr Nguyễn Viết Lâm from National Economic University (Ha Noi), Ms Trần Thị Bích Liên from University of Social Sciences & Humanities (HCMC), my colleague faculties, and students who participated in the pilot test, and whose insights, and recommendations were another important source of reference for adjustment and supplementation of the research instruments I also appreciate the help from Dr Lê Hữu Phước, Prof Dr Nguyễn Viết Lâm, Ms Trần Thị Bích Liên, Ms Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Hạnh, Mr Lê Khánh Điền, Ms Hoàng Tố Un, Mr Nguyễn Cơng Trí, Ms Thủy, Ms Thảo, Mr Huỳnh Xuân Nhựt, Ms Nguyễn Thị Hồng, Mr Tâm, Ms Trần Thị Tuyết Trinh, Ms Văn Thị Hồng Loan, Ms Nhàn, Ms Diễm Thúy, Ms Tuyền, Ms Trúc, Ms Bùi Thị Thúy Quyên, among many others for either their introducing me to the selected HEIs or distributing and collecting the survey questionnaires Thanks also go to Mr Nguyễn Thành Trung for his help in translating some Chinese names into English Last but never least, my special love, thanks and gratitude are also extended to my beloved family including my grandmother, ‘mommies’ and ‘daddies’, my wife, my daughter, my aunt and uncle, and my cousins, whose love, hope, inspiration and expectation have nurtured my life in this work and without whom I could have not been able to complete this research project As I now recall the non-stop working days, from the bottom of my heart I would again say “Thank You Very Much” to all v Dedication I dedicate this work to my beloved family, whose spirit and encouragement have always been present all my life and work, and especially to my little daughter whose daily long-distance calls have kept urging me and pushing me through vi Statement of originality I hereby declare that this study is my original work and the results of my ceaseless working days under pressure to address my curiosity and desire to better apprehend the actual practices of internationalization in Vietnamese context and to my aspiration to contribute something to the improvement of my homeland’s education vii Table of Contents Title page i Approval sheet ii Acknowledgements iii Dedication v Statement of originality vi Table of Contents vii List of abbreviations xi List of Tables xii List of Figures xiii Abstract xiv CHAPTER THE PROBLEM AND A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE .4 Definitions of internationalization in higher education .4 Reasons, motivations and rationales for internationalization 10 Modes of cross-border education and strategies/elements of internationalization 14 Models and/or frameworks of internationalization 19 Approaches to internationalization .24 Practices of internationalization in other countries 26 Trends of development of higher education internationalization .34 Benefits and risks of globalization/internationalization and roles of the national HE 37 SYNTHESIS 41 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 45 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 50 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 51 DELIMITATIONS AND LIMITATIONS .52 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 53 RESEARCH METHOD 53 RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY AND SOURCES OF DATA 54 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS 58 RESEARCH DESIGN 61 COLLECTION OF DATA 63 viii TREATMENT OF DATA 63 CHAPTER RESULTS AND FINDINGS 66 WITHIN-CASE ANALYSIS .66 CASE A –INSTITUTION A 66 Awareness .67 Commitment 69 Planning .71 Structure 73 Operationalization 76 Evaluation .82 Recognition 83 Summary of CASE A –INSTITUTION A 83 CASE B –INSTITUTION B 86 Awareness .87 Commitment 91 Planning .93 Structure 97 Operationalization .100 Evaluation 110 Recognition 111 Summary of CASE B –Institution B 112 CASE C –INSTITUTION C 117 Awareness 118 Commitment 121 Planning .124 Structure 129 Operationalization .133 Evaluation 142 Recognition 143 Summary of CASE C -INSTITUTION C 144 CASE D –INSTITUTION D .149 Awareness 150 Commitment 152 Planning .155 Structure 161 Operationalization .166 ix Evaluation 180 Recognition 181 Summary of CASE D –INSTITUTION D 182 CASE E –INSTITUTION E 187 Awareness 189 Commitment 191 Planning .193 Structure 198 Operationalization .202 Evaluation 216 Recognition 216 Summary of CASE E –INSTITUTION E 217 CASE F –INSTITUTION F .224 Awareness 225 Commitment 228 Planning .230 Structure 234 Operationalization .238 Evaluation 253 Recognition 253 Summary of CASE F –INSTITUTION F 254 CROSS-CASE ANALYSIS .259 Current status of internationalization of the selected HEIs in light of Knight’s model 259 Other common features of the selected HEIs’ current practices of internationalization 271 Factors that affected internationalization of the selected Vietnamese HEIs .275 Positive factors to internationalization of the selected HEIs .276 Negative factors to internationalization of the selected HEIs 277 DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS .282 Three major findings on the current status of Vietnamese HEIs’ internationalization .283 Four major findings on factors that prevented development of Vietnamese HEIs’ internationalization 289 RECOMMENDATIONS 298 CHAPTER SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 303 Summary .303 Contributions of the study 304 Tentative directions for further research .305 x REFERENCES 306 APPENDICES 326 APPENDIX A Summary tables of INSTITUTION A’s faculties’ and students’ responses 326 APPENDIX B Summary tables of INSTITUTION B’s faculties’ and students’ responses 329 APPENDIX B1 List of INSTITUTION B’S international linkages 333 APPENDIX C Summary tables of INSTITUTION C’s faculties’ and students’ responses 333 APPENDIX D Summary tables of INSTITUTION D’s faculties’ and students’ responses 337 APPENDIX D1 List of majors offered by Institution D .340 APPENDIX D2 List of Institution D’s foreign linkages .341 APPENDIX D3 List of Institution D’s annual scholarship and exchange programs 342 APPENDIX D4 List of Institution D’s MOUs signed with foreign partners 342 APPENDIX E Summary tables of INSTITUTION E’s faculties’ and students’ responses 346 APPENDIX E1 Lists of Institution E’s joint training programs 349 APPENDIX E2 List of MOUs signed between Institution E and foreign partners 350 APPENDIX F Summary tables of INSTITUTION F’s faculties’ and students’ responses .351 APPENDIX F1 List of INSTITUTION F’s foreign linkage activities .355 APPENDIX G Letter to Administrator & Faculty Respondents .356 APPENDIX H Letter to Student Respondents 357 APPENDIX I1 Interview Questionnaire to Top Administrators (English & Vietnamese) .358 APPENDIX I2 Interview Questionnaire (2) (to middle administrators) 365 APPENDIX I3 Survey Questionnaire to Faculty Respondents (in English & Vietnamese) .370 APPENDIX I4 Survey Questionnaire to Student Respondents (in English) 380 369 (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) (q) Student exchange programs with foreign institutions Faculty/staff exchange programs with foreign institutions Policy that attracts international students Policy that allows students to study abroad without delaying graduation Policy that allows students to study abroad with delaying graduation MOU that agree upon students’ transfering credited courses from a foreign partner institution (r) Others (pls specify) G22 What are the advantages and disadvantages regarding the external linkages at your institution? What is/are your suggestions in order to help enhancing internationalization of your institution? Advantages Disadvantages 1 1 1 Suggestions G23 Regarding the international dimensions of extra-curricula activities & Very good Very poor community services, what you think about the following practices that may be present at your institution? (a) Campus events/festivals that promote intercultural perspectives (b) Community-based partnerships and projects with NGOs /Private sectors (c) Community services and intercultural project works (d) Liaison with community-based cultural and ethnic groups from one country (e) Liaison with community-based cultural and ethnic groups from different countries (f) Link between community development projects & training activities with teaching & learning (g) Link between community development projects and research (h) Others, pls specify G24 What are the advantages and disadvantages regarding the extra-curricular activities and community services at your institution? What is/are your suggestions? Advantages Disadvantages Suggestions H OTHERS (2) (3) Don’t H21 Do you think that the internationalization initiatives at your institution are (1) Yes No know effective? Why you think so? H22 How important is feedback from students, faculty and staff regarding internationalization initiatives at your institution? Through which channel you receive feedback? H23 In general, what you think are critical factors, both positive and negative, that really affect the internationalization at your institution? Positive factors Negative factors H24 In what aspects you think your institution should put further investment so that it can better integrate into the regional/international higher education? H25 What are other recommendations for further development of internationalization at your institution? Thank you very much I would also like to express my special thank if you can participate in a further interview regarding this study If this is the case, may I have your contact details? Name: Tel Email/Others: 370 APPENDIX I3 Survey Questionnaire to Faculty Respondents (in English & Vietnamese) SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE (3) (to FACULTY/TEACHING STAFF) I would like to request you to take a look at the guiding definition of Internationalization of higher education adopted in this study: “Hội nhập quốc tế giáo dục đại học trình kết hợp yếu tố xun văn hố mang tính chất quốc tế vào ba chức trường đại học gồm giảng dạy, nghiên cứu phục vụ cộng đồng.” [Internationalization of higher education is defined as the process of integrating an international and/or intercultural dimension into the teaching, research and service functions of the institution (Knight, 1995, 2003 & 2004).] PART PERSONAL PROFILE (please put a tick √ in the box ) P31 Full name, optional: Age: P32 Gender: (1) Female (2) Male Years of experience: (yrs) P33 Institution: Faculty: P34 Type of institution: (1)Public (2) Private P35 Highest degree earned: (1) BA Major in: (2) MA/MS Major in: (3) PhD Major in: (4) Others (pls specify): P36 Title (1) Prof (2) Ass Prof (3)Senior Lecturer (4)Lecturer (5)Teaching Assistant PART STUDIED AREAS Below are the questions regarding internationalization initiatives that may (not) happen at your institution: A AWARENESS and COMMITMENT Circle the number chosen A31 To what extent you think that internationalization is necessary for Very necessary Unnecessary your institution? A32 To what extent you agree with the following reasons and/or Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree benefits that internationalization may bring for your institution? Circle the number chosen Internationalization is to: (a) comply with government policy (b) be indispensable to development of your institution (c) foster a world-oriented perspective/global understanding among faculty, staff & students 5 (d) provide opportunities for students and faculty to have international experience (e) provide students with knowledge of cultural and social diversity (f) increase employability of graduates in the demands of labor market (g) develop human potentials for the new century (h) enhance quality & academic excellence enhance international image of the university (i) (j) compete with other universities in the region and the world (k) promote international partnership and cooperation others (pls specify): (l) (1) (2) (3) A33 Is internationalization articulated in your university’s visionDon’t know Yes No missions? (1) (2) (3) A34 Are the vision-missions well-communicated institution-wide? Don’t know Yes No 371 Very good Very poor A35 To what extent are internationalization initiatives communicated to the faculty at your institution? (a) In documents given to students upon admission (b) In faculty manuals (c) Guidelines regarding internationalization of the institution (d) Campus bulletins/newsletters (e) Through your institution’s website (f) Personal relations (g) Others (pls specify) (1) (2) (3) A36 Do you think that the commitment to internationalization is demonstrated Yes No Don’t know in your institution’s top administration? Why you think so? (d) Others (pls specify) (d) Through the institution administrators’ speeches (e) Through official documents of the institution (f) Through the institution’s activities I know B PLANNING (2) (3) B31 Do you think if internationalization is specifically stated as one of the top (1) Yes No Don’t know priorities in your institution’s strategic plan? Why you think so? C HUMAN RESOURCES C31 In terms of professional development of faculty and staff, what you Very good Very poor think about the following practices at your institution? Circle the number chosen (a) Training of faculty/staff abroad by external donations (b) Training of faculty/staff abroad by your institution’s budget (c) Financial support for international assignments and sabbaticals by your institution (d) Holding seminars/training courses that help faculty and staff develop their professional skills (e) Recruitment policy of foreign-trained faculty (f) Recruitment policy of faculty with international expertise (g) Rewards/Promotion policies that properly recognize faculty and staff’s contributions to internationalization initiatives (h) Policy that demands faculty to teach certain subjects in foreign languages, not including foreign-language majors (i) Others (pls specify) C32 What advantages and disadvantages does your institution encounter in professional development of human resources? What are your suggestions in order to promote internationalization of your institution? Advantages Disadvantages Suggestions D FACILITIES AND SUPPORTING SERVICES D31 What you think about the provision of the following services and Very good Very poor facilities that support internationalization initiatives at your institution? Circle the number chosen (a) Social, cultural and academic support system, e.g housing, counseling, visa advice, orientation for incoming foreign students (b) Social, cultural and academic support system, e.g housing, counseling, visa advice, orientation for Vietnamese students from your institution to go abroad for study or exchange programs (c) Provision of accommodation for foreign exchange professors (d) Library well-equipped with scholarly journals and books from foreign sources 372 (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) D32 Sufficient foreign language labs Sufficient teaching-learning facilities for major subjects Multimedia rooms Internet services supporting teaching, learning, searching materials, etc Others (pls specify) What advantages and disadvantages regarding facilities and supporting services does your institution encounter? What are your suggesstions in order to promote internationalization of your institution? Advantages Disadvantages Suggestions E ACADEMIC PROGRAMS E31 Regarding the international dimensions of curricula, what you think Very good Very poor about the following practices that may be present at your institution? Circle the number chosen (a) Curricula which prepare students for defined international professions (b) Curricula leading to internationally recognised professional qualifications (c) Curricula in which compulsory parts are offered at universities abroad (d) Curricula in which certain major subjects are taught in a foreign language, except foreign language majors (e) Curricula with an international subject (e.g international law, etc.) (f) Interdisciplinary programs (such as regional studies like ASEAN, covering more than one country, etc.) (g) Curricula in which the traditional/original subject area is broadened by an internationally comparative approach (h) Curricula which address cross-cultural communication issues and which provide training in intercultural skills (i) Curricula that require field studies abroad (j) Study abroad at a home institution (k) Textbooks are frequently updated and modernized (l) Others (please specify): E32 Regarding the international aspects in teaching and learning, what you Very good Very poor think about the following practices that may be present at your institution? Circle the number chosen (a) Effective use of high-tech for scholarly exchange (b) Effective use of high-tech in teaching and learning, i.e virtual classes, and distance training (c) Application of modern methods of teaching-learning (d) Teaching and learning methods that foster a world-oriented perspective/global understanding among students (e) Teaching and learning activities that provide students with knowledge of cultural and social diversity (f) Others (please specify): E33 What advantages and disadvantages regarding the curricula, teaching and learning does your institution encounter? What you suggess to promote internationalization of your institution? Advantages Disadvantages Suggestions F RESEARCH & SCHOLARLY COLLABORATION F31 Regarding the international dimensions of research and scholarly collaboration, what you think about the following practices that may be present at your institution? Circle the number chosen (a) Establishments of area and theme centers (b) Joint research projects with foreign counterparts Very good Very poor 5 4 3 2 1 373 (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) F32 Hosting international conferences & seminars Internationally recognized/published articles and papers Number of professors attending international conferences Number of professors presenting at international conferences Others (please specify) What are the advantages and disadvantages in research and scholarly collaboration of your institution? What suggestions can you give to improve the situation? Advantages Disadvantages Suggestions G EXTERNAL LINGAGES, EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, COMMUNITY SERVIVES G31 What you think about the following practices in external linkages that Very good Very poor may be present at your institution? Circle the number chosen (a) Contract-based research programs/services with foreign partners (b) Contract-based training programs/services with foreign partners (c) Joint degree programs with foreign institutions (d) Cross-border delivery of education programs (e) Offshore teaching sites and distance education (f) International linkages, partnerships with foreign institutions/ organizations (g) Membership in regional networks of universities (h) Membership in international networks of universities (i) Research agreements with foreign institutions (j) Researcher exchange programs with foreign institutions (k) Graduate exchange programs with foreign institutions (l) Student exchange programs with foreign institutions (m) Faculty/staff exchange programs with foreign institutions (n) Policy that attracts international students (o) Policy that allows students to study abroad without delaying graduation (p) Policy that allows students to study abroad with delaying graduation (q) MOU that agree upon students’ transfering credited courses from a foreign partner institution (r) Others (pls specify) G32 What are the advantages and disadvantages regarding the external linkages at your institution? What is/are your suggestions in order to help enhancing internationalization of your institution? Advantages Disadvantages Suggestions G33 Regarding the international dimensions of extra-curricula activities & Very good Very poor community services what you think about the following practices that may be present at your institution? (a) Campus events/festivals that promote intercultural perspectives (b) Community-based partnerships and projects with NGOs /Private sectors (c) Community services and intercultural project works (d) Liaison with community-based cultural and ethnic groups from one country (e) Liaison with community-based cultural and ethnic groups from different countries (f) Link between community development projects and training activities with teaching and learning (g) Link between community development projects and research (h) Others, pls specify G34 What are the advantages and disadvantages regarding the extra-curricular activities & community service activities at your institution? What is/are your suggestions? Advantages Disadvantages Suggestions 374 H OTHERS (2) (3) H31 Do you think that the internationalization initiatives at your institution are (1) Yes No Don’t know effective? Why you think so? H32 How important is feedback from students, faculty and staff regarding internationalization initiatives at your institution? H33 In general, what you think are critical factors, both positive and negative, that really affect the internationalization at your institution? Positive factors Negative factors H34 In what aspects you think your institution should put further investment so that it can better integrate into the regional/international higher education? H35 What are other recommendations for further development of internationalization at your institution? Thank you very much I would also like to express my special thank if you can participate in a further interview regarding this study If this is the case, may I have your contact details? Name: Tel Email/Others: 375 BẢN HỎI KHẢO SÁT (3) (GIẢNG VIÊN) Kính mong Q Thầy/Cơ đọc qua định nghĩa trình hội nhập quốc tế hay gọi quốc tế hố giáo dục đại học vận dụng cơng trình nghiên cứu này: “Hội nhập quốc tế giáo dục đại học trình kết hợp yếu tố xuyên văn hố mang tính chất quốc tế vào ba chức trường đại học gồm giảng dạy, nghiên cứu phục vụ cộng đồng.” [Internationalization of higher education is defined as the process of integrating an international and/or intercultural dimension into the teaching, research and service functions of the institution (Knight, 1995, 2003 & 2004).] PHẦN THƠNG TIN CÁ NHÂN (Vui lịng đánh dấu √ vào ô trống ) P31 Họ & tên (tuỳ chọn): Tuổi: P32 Giới tính: (1) Nữ (2) Nam Thâm niên giảng dạy/Công tác: (năm) P33 Tên Trường: Khoa: P34 Loại hình trường cơng tác: (1)Cơng lập (2)Dân lập P35 Bằng cấp cao nhất: (1) Cử nhân Chuyên ngành: (2) Thạc sỹ Chuyên ngành: (3) Tiến sỹ Chuyên ngành: (4) Bằng cấp khác (xin nêu rõ): (2)PGS (3)GVC (4)GV (5)TG P36 Chức danh: (1)GS PHẦN PHẦN NGHIÊN CỨU Dưới số câu hỏi nghiên cứu thực tiễn hoạt động liên quan đến trình hội nhập quốc tế giáo dục đại học diễn trường Quý Thầy/Cô: A NHẬN THỨC A31 Quý Thầy/Cô nghĩ việc hội nhập quốc tế cần thiết cho trường nào? (Khoanh trịn số chọn.) A32 Quý Thầy/Cô cho biết ý kiến lý lợi ích mà việc hội nhập quốc tế mang lại cho Trường (Khoanh trịn số chọn.) Khoanh tròn mức độ chọn Rất cần Không cần Rất đồng ý Không đồng ý Hội nhập quốc tế: thực theo chủ trương/chính sách nhà nước phần tất yếu trình phát triển trường giúp giảng viên, cán bộ, sinh viên có quan điểm rộng tầm nhìn giới Tạo hội cho sinh viên giảng viên có kinh nghiệm nước khác Cung cấp cho sinh viên kiến thức đa dạng văn hoá xã hội tăng hội tuyển dụng SV tốt nghiệp nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu thị trường lao động phát triển nguồn nhân lực cho kỷ nguyên góp phần nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo học thuật trường Nâng cao hình ảnh trường giới giúp cạnh tranh với trường đại học khu vực giới thúc đẩy liên kết hợp tác quốc tế Lợi ích khác (nêu rõ): Theo Q Thầy/Cơ, hội nhập quốc tế có nêu rõ tầm nhìn chiến (1) (2) (3) lược Trường khơng? Có Khơng Khơng biết A34 Trường Q Thầy/Cơ có phổ biến tầm nhìn chiến lược đến tồn (1) (2) (3) Trường khơng? Có Khơng Khơng biết A35 Q Thầy/Cơ cho biết chương trình/hoạt động hội nhập quốc tế Rất rõ Không đề cập phổ biến đến toàn thể giảng viên trường mức độ nào? (a) Trong tài liệu cung cấp cho sinh viên lúc nhập học (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) A33 376 (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) A36 Trong sổ tay hướng dẫn giảng viên Văn hướng dẫn trường hội nhập quốc tế Qua tin nội Trên trang web trường Quen biết cá nhân Cách khác(xin nêu rõ): Theo Quý Thầy/Cô, việc hội nhập quốc tế có tâm thực (1) Lãnh đạo chủ chốt Trường không? Có Vì Thầy/Cơ nghĩ vậy? (a) Qua phát biểu lãnh đạo Trường (d) Ý khác (nêu rõ): (b) Qua văn thức Trường (c) Qua hoạt động Trường mà thấy B HOẠCH ĐỊNH CHIẾN LƯỢC Q Thầy/Cơ có nghĩ việc hội nhập quốc tế Trường xem (1) ưu tiên hàng đầu chiến lược phát triển Trường khơng? Có Vì Thầy/Cơ nghĩ vậy? 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 (2) Không (3) Không biết (2) Không (3) Không biết C XÂY DỰNG ĐỘI NGŨ GIẢNG VIÊN/CÁN BỘ C32 Về mặt nâng cao trình độ chun mơn giảng viên/cán (GV/CB), Rất tốt Cịn yếu Q Thầy/Cơ cho biết ý kiến sách/hoạt động Trường mình? Khoanh trịn số chọn (a) Đào tạo GV/CB nước nguồn hỗ trợ trường (b) Đào tạo GV/CB nước ngồi nguồn kinh phí trường (c) Trường hỗ trợ kinh phí cho GV/CB tham dự hội nghị quốc tế, nghiên cứu hay du khảo (d) Tổ chức hội thảo/khoá đào tạo nâng cao chuyên môn GV/CB (e) Có sách tuyển dụng GV/CB đào tạo nước ngồi (f) Có sách tuyển dụng GV/CB có kinh nghiệm giảng dạy nghiên cứu nước ngồi (g) Có sách khen thưởng, đề bạt phù hợp nhằm đánh giá mức nỗ lực GV/CB tham gia hoạt động/chương trình hội nhập quốc tế (h) Yêu cầu giảng viên giảng dạy số môn học ngoại ngữ, không kể khoa chuyên ngữ (i) Hoạt động khác (xin nêu rõ) C32 Trong xây dựng đội ngũ giảng viên/cán bộ, Trường Q Thầy/Cơ gặp thuận lợi khó khăn gì? Q Thầy/Cơ có đề xuất mặt để giúp Trường đẩy mạnh trình hội nhập quốc tế? Thuận lợi Khó khăn Đề xuất D TRANG THIẾT BỊ VÀ PHỤC VỤ/DỊCH VỤ HỖ TRỢ Còn yếu D31 Quý Thầy/Cô cho biết ý kiến mặt sau trang thiết bị, dịch vụ/phục Rất tốt vụ Trường Khoanh trịn số chọn (a) Hệ thống hỗ trợ học thuật, văn hố, xã hội (tìm nhà, tư vấn tâm lý, thủ tục visa, hướng dẫn …)cho sinh viên nước (b) Hệ thống hỗ trợ học thuật, văn hố, xã hội (tìm nhà, tư vấn tâm lý, thủ tục visa, hướng dẫn …)cho sinh viên Trường học/trao đổi nước (c) Cung cấp chỗ cho học giả trao đổi với Trường (d) Thư viện trang bị đầy đủ sách, báo, tạp chí ngoại văn chuyên ngành từ nước ngồi (e) Có đủ phịng thính thị dành cho dạy/học ngoại ngữ (f) Có đủ thiết bị dạy/học chuyên ngành (g) Có đủ phịng đa thơng tin (h) Cung cấp internet phục vụ dạy, học, truy cập tài liệu … 377 (i) D32 Các thiết bị/dịch vụ/phục vụ khác (xin nêu rõ) Về mặt trang thíêt bị phục vụ hỗ trợ dạy học, Trường Quý Thầy/Cơ gặp thuận lợi khó khăn gì? Q Thầy/Cơ có đề xuất gì? Thuận lợi Khó khăn Đề xuất E CHƯƠNG TRÌNH DẠY VÀ HỌC Cịn yếu E31 Q Thầy/Cô cho biết ý kiến yếu tố mang tính hội nhập quốc tế Rất tốt chương trình học diễn Trường Khoanh tròn số chọn (a) Chương trình học trang bị cho sinh viên kiến thức ngành nghề mang tính quốc tế (b) Chương trình học đào tạo cấp có giá trị quốc tế (c) Chương trình học có số học phần bắt buộc sinh viên tích luỹ từ trường đại học nước (d) Chương trình học có mơn học chun ngành giảng dạy tiếng nước ngồi (khơng kể ngành chun ngữ) (e) Chương trình học có mơn học mang tính quốc tế, vd luật quốc tế,… (f) Chương trình học liên thơng hai quốc gia, vd ngành học nghiên cứu khu vực Đơng Nam Á, … (g) Chương trình học môn học truyền thống tiếp cận phương pháp so sánh với nước khác (h) Chương trình học có mơn học đề cập đến vấn đề giao tiếp xuyên văn hóa rèn luyện kỹ (i) Chương trình có u cầu sinh viên thực tập nước (j) Chương trình du học chỗ (k) Giáo trình thường xuyên cập nhật để đảm bảo tính đại tiếp cận với giới (l) Những hình thức khác (xin nêu rõ): E32 Quý Thầy/Cô cho biết ý kiến yếu tố mang tính hội nhập quốc tế việc dạy học diễn Trường Khoanh tròn số chọn Rất tốt Còn yếu (a) (b) Sử dụng cách hiệu ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trao đổi học thuật Sử dụng cách hiệu ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin giảng dạy (vd dạy học qua mạng, đào tạo từ xa) (c) Vận dụng phương pháp học tập đại vào việc dạy học Việc dạy học giúp cho sinh viên có quan điểm rộng tầm nhìn giới (d) (e) Việc dạy học cung cấp cho sinh viên kiến thức đa dạng văn hoá xã hội (f) Những hình thức khác (nêu rõ): E33 Về mặt dạy học, Trường Quý Thầy/Cô gặp phải thuận lợi khó khăn q trình hội nhập quốc tế? Q Thầy/Cơ có đề xuất để giúp đẩy mạnh trình hội nhập quốc tế Trường? Thuận lợi Khó khăn Đề xuất F NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ HỢP TÁC KHOA HỌC F31 Trong nghiên cứu hợp tác khoa học, Quý Thầy/Cô cho biết ý kiến mặt sau cách khoanh tròn số tương ứng: (a) Việc thành lập trung tâm nghiên cứu chuyên ngành (b) Có dự án hợp tác nghiên cứu với đối tác nước (c) Tổ chức hội thảo, hội nghị quốc tế (d) Số báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học đăng tạp chí quốc tế (e) Số giảng viên/cán tham dự hội nghị quốc tế (f) Số giảng viên/cán báo cáo hội nghị quốc tế Rất tốt Còn yếu 5 5 5 1 1 1 378 (g) Hoạt động khác (Xin nêu rõ) F32 Trường Quý Thầy/Cô gặp thuận lợi khó khăn nghiên cứu hợp tác khoa học để tiến tới hội nhập quốc tế tốt hơn? Q Thầy/Cơ có đề xuất gì? Thuận lợi Khó khăn Đề xuất G LIÊN KẾT ĐỐI NGOẠI, HOẠT ĐỘNG NGOẠI KHOÁ, PHỤC VỤ CỘNG ĐỒNG Cịn yếu G31 Q Thầy/Cơ cho biết ý kiến hoạt động liên kết với nước ngồi có Rất tốt thể diễn Trường sau cách khoanh tròn số chọn: 5 (a) Chương trình/Dịch vụ nghiên cứu theo hợp đồng với đối tác nước (b) Chương trình/Dịch vụ đào tạo theo hợp đồng với đối tác nước (c) Chương trình liên kết đào tạo 2+2 (2năm học VN+2năm nước ngoài) Chương trình liên kết đào tạo từ xa với nước ngồi (d) (e) Mở sở đào tạo từ xa nước Liên kết, đối tác với trường/tổ chức nước (f) (g) Là thành viên hệ thống trường đại học khu vực (h) Là thành viên hệ thống trường đại học giới (i) Chương trình hợp tác nghiên cứu nước ngồi (j) Chương trình trao đổi nghiên cứu viên với trường nước ngồi Chương trình trao đổi học viên sau đại học với trường nước (k) (l) Trao đổi sinh viên đại học với trường nước (m) Trao đổi giảng viên/cán với trường nước (n) Có sách thu hút sinh viên nước học tập trường (o) Có quy chế cho phép SV học tập nước ngồi mà khơng kéo dài thời hạn tốt nghiệp (p) Có quy chế cho phép SV học tập nước ngồi kéo dài thời hạn tốt nghiệp (q) Có văn thoả thuận cho phép SV chuyển điểm mơn học tích luỹ từ trường đối tác nước (r) Liên kết khác (Xin nêu rõ) G32 Theo Quý Thầy/Cô việc liên kết đối ngoại Trường gặp thuận lợi khó khăn gì? Q Thầy/Cơ có đề xuất thêm nhằm nâng cao lực liên kết Trường trình hội nhập với quốc tế tốt hơn? Thuận lợi Khó khăn Đề xuất Quý Thầy/Cô cho biết ý kiến hoạt động ngoại khố mang tính chất Rất tốt Cịn yếu quốc tế diễn Trường sau cách khoanh tròn số chọn (a) Lễ hội/Hoạt động trường nhằm mở rộng tầm nhìn xuyên văn hoá (b) Hợp tác với tổ chức phi phủ tư nhân nhằm phục vụ cộng đồng (c) Các hoạt động phục vụ cộng đồng mang tính xuyên văn hố (d) Liên kết với nhóm hoạt động cộng đồng đa dân tộc, đa văn hoá nước 5 (e) Liên kết với nhóm hoạt động cộng đồng đa dân tộc, đa văn hoá nhiều nước Kết hợp phát triển cộng đồng hoạt động đào tạo với dạy học (f) (g) Kết hợp phát triển cộng đồng với nghiên cứu khoa học (h) Hoạt động khác (Xin nêu rõ ) G34 Theo Quý Thầy/Cô hoạt động ngoại khoá sinh viên Trường gặp thuận lợi khó khăn gì? Q Thầy/Cơ có đề xuất gì? Thuận lợi Khó khăn Đề xuất G33 379 H CÁC YẾU TỐ KHÁC H31 Theo Q Thầy/Cơ chương trình/hoạt động hội nhập quốc tế Trường có hiệu khơng? Vì Thầy/Cơ nghĩ vậy? H32 (1) Có (2) Không (3) Không biết Ý kiến phản hồi từ giảng viên/cán chương trình/hoạt động hội nhập quốc tế có tầm quan trọng Trường Q Thầy/Cơ? Nhìn chung, theo Q Thầy/Cơ, nhân tố (cả thuận lợi khó khăn) ảnh hưởng sâu sắc đến trình hội nhập quốc tế Trường mình? Nhân tố tích cực Nhân tố hạn chế H33 H34 Theo Quý Thầy/Cô, Trường nên tập trung đầu tư vào mặt nhằm giúp hội nhập quốc tế tốt hơn? H35 Q Thầy/Cơ có đề xuất khác nhằm thúc đẩy trình hội nhập quốc tế Trường mình? Xin chân thành cảm ơn Quý Thầy/Cô Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn Quý Thầy/Cơ thêm lần Thầy/Cơ tham gia thêm vấn sâu liên quan đến đề tài Nếu được, Q Thầy/Cơ vui lịng cung cấp thông tin liên lạc Họ tên : Tel Email/ Thông tin khác: 380 APPENDIX I4 Survey Questionnaire to Student Respondents (in English) SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE (4) (STUDENTS) I would like to request you to take a look at the guiding definition of Internationalization of higher education adopted in this study: “Hội nhập quốc tế giáo dục đại học trình kết hợp yếu tố xun văn hố mang tính chất quốc tế vào ba chức trường đại học gồm giảng dạy, nghiên cứu phục vụ cộng đồng.” [Internationalization of higher education is defined as the process of integrating an international and/or intercultural dimension into the teaching, research and service functions of the institution (Knight, 1995, 2003 & 2004).] PART PERSONAL PROFILE (please put a tick √ in the box ) P41 Full name, optional: Age: (2) Male P42 Gender: (1) Female P43 Institution: Department: P44 Type of institution: (1)Public (2)Private P45 What year are you studying? (1)Year (2)Year (3)Year (4)Year & above PART STUDIED AREAS Below are the questions regarding internationalization initiatives that may (not) happen at your institution: A AWARENESS A41 To what extent you think that internationalization is necessary for your institution? A42 To what extent you agree with the following reasons or benefits that internationalization may bring for your institution? Circle the number chosen Internationalization is to: Circle the number chosen Very necessary Unnecessary Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree comply with government policy be indispensable to development of your institution foster a world-oriented perspective/global understanding among faculty, staff & students provide opportunities for students and faculty to have international experience provide students with knowledge of cultural and social diversity increase employability of graduates in the demands of labor market develop human potentials for the new century enhance quality & academic excellence enhance international image of the university compete with other universities in the region and the world promote international partnership and cooperation others (pls specify): (1) (2) A43 Is internationalization articulated in your university’s visionYes No missions? (1) (2) A44 Are the vision-missions well-communicated institution-wide? Yes No (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) A45 To what extent are internationalization initiatives communicated to the faculty at your institution? Very good 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 (3) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Don’t know (3) Don’t know Very poor 381 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) In documents given to students upon admission Guidelines regarding internationalization of the institution Campus bulletins/newsletters Through your institution’s website Personal relations Others (pls specify): B PLANNING B41 Do you think if internationalization is specifically stated as one of the top priorities in your institution’s strategic plan? Why you think so? 5 5 (1) Yes 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 (2) No 1 1 1 (3) Don’t know C HUMAN RESOURCES C41 What are your suggestions in faculty/staff professional development in order to promote internationalization of your institution? D FACILITIES AND SUPPORTING SERVICES D41 What you think about the provision of the following services and Very good facilities that support internationalization initiatives at your institution? Circle the number chosen (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) Social, cultural and academic support system, e.g housing, counseling, visa advice, orientation for incoming foreign students Social, cultural and academic support system, e.g housing, counseling, visa advice, orientation for Vietnamese students from your institution to go abroad for study or exchange programs Provision of accommodation for foreign exchange professors Library well-equipped with scholarly journals and books from foreign sources Sufficient foreign language labs Sufficient teaching-learning facilities for major subjects Multimedia rooms Internet services supporting teaching, learning, searching materials, etc Others (pls specify) Very poor 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 D42 What are your suggestions regarding facilities and supporting services in order to promote internationalization of your institution? E ACADEMIC PROGRAMS E41 Regarding the international dimensions of curricula, what you Very good think about the following practices that may be present at your institution? Circle the number chosen (a) (b) (c) (d) Curricula which prepare students for defined international professions Curricula leading to internationally recognised professional qualifications Curricula in which compulsory parts are offered at universities abroad Curricula in which certain major subjects are taught in a foreign language, except foreign language majors very poor 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 382 (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) Curricula with an international subject (e.g international law, etc.) Interdisciplinary programs (such as regional studies like ASEAN, covering more than one country, etc.) Curricula in which the traditional/original subject area is broadened by an internationally comparative approach Curricula which address cross-cultural communication issues and which provide training in intercultural skills Curricula that require field studies abroad Study abroad at a home institution Textbooks are frequently updated and modernized Others (please specify): E42 Regarding the international aspects in teaching and learning, what you think about the following practices that may be present at your institution? Circle the number chosen (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Very good Effective use of high-tech for scholarly exchange Effective use of high-tech in teaching and learning, i.e virtual classes, and distance training Application of modern methods of teaching-learning Teaching and learning methods that foster a world-oriented perspective/global understanding among students Teaching and learning activities that provide students with knowledge of cultural and social diversity Others (please specify): 5 4 3 2 1 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Very poor 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 E43 What are your suggestions the curricula, teaching and learning in order to promote internationalization of your institution? Curricula Teaching-learning G EXTERNAL LINGAGES, EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, COMMUNITY SERVIVES G41 What you think about the following practices in external linkages Very good Very poor that may be present at your institution? Circle the number chosen (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) (q) Contract-based research programs/services with foreign counterparts Contract-based training programs/services with foreign counterparts Joint degree programs with foreign institutions Cross-border delivery of education programs Offshore teaching sites and distance education International linkages, partnerships with foreign institutions/ organizations Membership in regional networks of universities Membership in international networks of universities Research agreements with foreign institutions Researcher exchange programs with foreign institutions Graduate exchange programs with foreign institutions Student exchange programs with foreign institutions Faculty/staff exchange programs with foreign institutions Policy that attracts international students Policy that allows students to study abroad without delaying graduation Policy that allows students to study abroad with delaying graduation MOU that agree upon students’ transferring credited courses from a foreign partner institution 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 383 (r) Others (pls specify) G42 What are the advantages and disadvantages regarding the external linkages at your institution? What is/are your suggestions in order to help enhancing internationalization of your institution? Advantages Disadvantages Suggestions G43 Regarding the international dimensions of extra-curricula activities, and community services, what you think about the following practices that may be present at your institution? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Very good Campus events/festivals that promote intercultural perspectives Community-based partnerships and projects with NGOs /Private sectors Community services and intercultural project works Liaison with community-based cultural and ethnic groups from one country Liaison with community-based cultural and ethnic groups from different countries Link between community development projects and training activities with teaching and learning Link between community development projects and research Others, pls specify Very poor 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 5 4 3 2 1 G44 What are the advantages and disadvantages regarding the extra-curricular activities and community service activities at your institution? What is/are your suggestions? Advantages Disadvantages Suggestions H OTHERS H41 In general, what you think are critical factors, both positive and negative, that really affect the internationalization at your institution? Positive factors Negative factors H42 In what aspects you think your institution should put further investment so that it can better integrate into the regional/international higher education? H43 What are other recommendations for further development of internationalization at your institution? Thank you very much I would also like to express my special thank if you can participate in a further interview regarding this study If this is the case, may I have your contact details? Name: Tel Email/Others: ... status of and factors affecting internationalization of Vietnamese HEIs Remarkably, quality assurance was the key rationale and motivation behind these HEIs’ effort towards internationalization, ... application of ICTs in education, etc.), to financial management, managerial mechanism as well as international cooperation and collaboration The vital role of HE internationalization and international... Institutional-level program and organization strategies of internationalization 17 Table Approaches to internationalization at Institutional Level 25 Table A pattern for understanding internationalization