Chính sách chuyển dịch cơ cấu kinh tế nông nghiệp theo hướng xuất khẩu bền vững của tỉnh thái bình TT TIENG ANH

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY - HA XUAN BINH POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS IN THAI BINH PROVINCE Major Code : Economic management : 931.01.10 A SUMMARY OF PHD DISSERTATION IN ECONOMICS Hanoi, 2021 The dissertation was accomplished at Thuongmai University Scientific instructors: Assoc Prof Dr Ha Van Su Dr Le Thi Viet Nga Judge 1: Assoc Prof Dr Tran Van Bao National Economics University Judge 2: Assoc Prof Dr Dinh Van Thanh Institute for Strategic Studies, Industry and Trade Policy Judge 3: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Quang Hong National Academy of Public Administration, Region I The dissertation will be defended to the University-level Dissertation Assessment Council to be held in Thuongmai University at………, date ……… month …… year 2021 Search for the dissertation available at: National Library and Thuongmai University’s library INTRODUCTION Rationale Agriculture is an important economic sector of Vietnam It is one of three components (besides industry and services) constituting the national economy with an average growth rate of 2.85%, production growth rate of 3.64%, contributing 18.68% to the country’s GDP in the 2010-2020 period (General Statistics Office, 2010-2020) Shifting agricultural structure involves changing the ratio of production and services in the agricultural economy and the relationships of components constituting the agricultural economy; it is the adjustments made to break the old structure to create a new, more stable and balanced structure in line with the national, social and economic principles Shifting agricultural structure has always been of great concern to the Party and Government The Report of the Central Party Committee Term XI on Documents of the 12th Party Congress 2016 stated that it is necessary to “restructure agriculture towards increasing added value, build up an agriculture towards mass-production, apply high technology, improve product quality, ensure food safety and hygiene; increase added value, promote exports; have appropriate policies to accumulate and concentrate land” Thai Binh is located in Red River delta with the total area of 1,586.3 km , three sides neighboring rivers, one neighboring the sea, situated in the tropical monsoon climate zone, endowed with fertile land favorable for agricultural production The province’s total population is 1,860,447 (ranking 13 in terms of population size), of whom rural citizens account for 89.4%, laborers in agriculture-forestry-fishery represent 49.5% (Thai Binh Statistics Office, 2019) Agriculture has been and will remain the key economic sector appropriate with the natural, social and economic conditions of Thai Binh It has been set that agricultural production development must be in proportion with the province’s favorable conditions Aware of the advantages of agriculture in economic development, Thai Binh has paid great attention to shifting agricultural restructure in recent years (in 2015, Thai Binh People’s Committee approved Plans on Agricultural Restructuring in the province by 2020, visions by 2030) As a result, the province’s agriculture has gained considerable achievements, its average annual production value growth rate reached 4.05% in the 2010-2020 period (Thai Binh Statistics Office, 2010-2020), making great contributions to the province’s socio-economic development However, Thai Binh’s agriculture has not developed to its potential and advantages and remains unsustainable: (i) agricultural structure shifting is still slow in comparison with the overall pace of the province; (ii) growth model is mostly inclined to cheap labor cost and natural favorable conditions; (iii) production value growth rate is high but not yet stable; (iv) production scale is small, the average farming area of 2.19 hectas/farm is lower than the national average; (v) 62.39% of farming laborers not receive training; (vi) the proportion of households with biggest income from agriculture is merely 29% while the number of households engaged in agricultural production is 49.5%, the proportion of income collected from agriculture is lower than the national average (49%) (Thai Binh Statistics Office, 2019); (vii) agricultural export revenue is low, only US$ 26.77 million in 2020 (Thai Binh Department of Industry and Trade, 2020), relatively lower than the national average of US$ 41 billion The shifts in agricultural structures, if succeeds in Thai Binh, can spread to and become a useful lesson for other localities with similar conditions Policies refer to the invention measures of the state in an industry, sector or the entire economy under certain goals, certain conditions and certain period of time Policies are a tool of state administration As such, to shift agricultural structure towards exports and ensure sustainable development goals, that the government uses policy tools is an inevitable trend Shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals have become an inevitable trend to most economies amid the current context of increasing globalization and international competition Therefore, it is necessary to systematize and build up a theoretical frame on policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals at provincial level on the basis of researching and analyzing the specific features of the province and sector For these reasons, we have decided to choose the subject “Policies for Shifting Agricultural Structure towards Sustainable Exports in Thai Binh Province” for our PhD dissertation The subject has both theoretical and practical significance Literature review There has been multiple relevant studies on policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports or policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable development Reviewing the related studies helps the PhD learner accumulate some results: (1) In terms of theories: the dissertation has inherited theories of economic structure, agricultural structure, policies for shifting agricultural structure; concepts, contents, evaluation criteria of policies for shifting agricultural structure, shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable development; experiences of some countries and localities in shifting agricultural structure, etc (2) In terms of reality: previous studies on agriculture and policies for shifting agricultural structure provide the PhD learner with an overview on the economy in general and Vietnam’s agriculture in particular in recent time Upon reviewing related studies, the PhD learner has identified some research gaps that need filling in: firstly, researching to introduce a comprehensive concept and fundamental criteria to evaluate the policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals in a provincial locality; secondly, researching to figure out fundamental principles and contents of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals of a provincial locality; thirdly, identifying factors affecting policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals in a provincial locality Research objectives and questions 3.1 Research objectives and missions * Objective: proposing some solutions and recommendations to complete Thai Binh’s policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals by 2025, vision 2030 * Research missions: (1) generalizing and further developing theories on policies on shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports; (2) summarizing distinctive experience lessons (from domestic and international); (3) investigating the situation of agricultural economic development in Vietnam and analyzing the situation of agricultural structure shifting in Thai Binh in the 2010-2020 period; (4) analyzing and evaluating the policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh in the 2010-2020 period; (5) proposing solutions to developing policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh in the 2021-2025 period, vision 2030 and recommendations to implement these solutions 3.2 Research questions To fulfill the research objectives, the PhD learner has to answer the following questions: What are the nature and factors affecting the policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals of a provincial locality? What are the situation and problems in Thai Binh’s policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports? What are potentials, views, objectives and orientations for developing Thai Binh’s agriculture by 2025, vision 2030? What are solutions to policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh by 2025, vision 2030? What are necessary conditions (recommendations) to implement these solutions effectively? Research subject and scales 4.1 Research subject: The dissertation looks into the theoretical and practical issues related to policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals of Thai Binh province 4.2 Research scales - In terms of research contents: (1) Research approach: the dissertation studies the system of policies to boost the process of shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals (in economy, society and environment) (2) Policy contents: the dissertation focuses on some policies for shifting agricultural structure, including three policy groups in accordance with sustainable development - In terms of research space: the dissertation focuses on the situation of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals of Thai Binh province - In terms of research time: the dissertation studies policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals in Thai Binh in the 2010-2020 period Research methods 5.1 Data collection methods: The dissertation used both primary and secondary data To collect primary data, the PhD learner conducted a survey via questionnaire and in-depth inerview As to secondary data, the PhD learner used statistic book and relevant socio-economic reports from 2010 to now 5.2 Data analysis methods: The PhD learner used various methods of statistics, description, logics, generalization, analysis, comparison; excel software and SPSS version 20 to analyze and proces the survey data Contributions of the dissertation As for scientific contributions, the dissertation has generalized and supplemented some fundamental theories on policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals in a provincial locality As for practical contributions, the dissertation has analyzed and evaluated the situation of agricultural structure shifting and policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh based on evaluation criteria via the analysis of primary and secondary data; proposed views, objectives, orientations and solutions to completing policies for agricultural structure shifting towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh by 2025, vision 2030 Organization of the dissertation In addition to Introduction and Conclusion, the dissertation consists of main chapters as follows: Chapter Theoretical grounds and practical experience of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in a provincial locality Chapter Analyzing and evaluating policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh province Chapter Some views, orientations and solutions to complete policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh province by 2025, vision 2030 Chapter THEORETICAL GROUNDS AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE OF POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS IN A PROVINCIAL LOCALITY 1.1 FUNDAMENTAL THEORETICAL GROUNDS ON POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS OF SOME PROVINCIAL LOCALITIES 1.1.1 Fundamental concepts of shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports Upon clarifying some concepts of economic structure, agriculture, agricultural economy, agricultural structure, shifting agricultural structure, sustainable development, etc., the dissertation chooses to define shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of a provincial locality as “changing the sectoral structures of agriculture from one state to another appropriate with the allocation of laborers, development level of production forces, socio-economy conditions of a provincial locality in order to create a new agricultural structure which is more advanced and proper, increase the proportion of exports-oriented agricultural sector, guarantee sustainable development goals (of economy, society, environment) in the process of structural shifts” By this nature, the aims of shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of a provincial locality are building up an appropriate agricultural structure which focuses on developing key sectors with strengths, making use of the local advantages to promote exports but at the same time guarantee the goals of sustainable development Shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of a and multiprovincial locality Diverse has the following model and steps: Firstly, shifting cultivation agricultural structure from self-supply, mono-cultivation, focus on a few food plants to multi-cultivation, cultivating food plants and fruit trees, Agricultural vegetables, material plants and livestock Secondly, shifting agricultural Nền Nông nghiệp structure: structure from multi-cultivation to specialized production chun mơn hóaagricultural Nền Nông nghiệp Thirdly, shifting -agricultural structure from specialized agricultural sản xuất hàng hóa, Self-supply, Cultivation production to commodity production towards sustainable development hướng tới xuất mono-cultivation (diverse planting, Agricultural structure: Cultivation with some main food plants livestock breeding); - Fishery; - Forestry Agriculture accounts for a high proportion in economic structure Agricultural structure: Specialized Cultivation: agricultural production and production are planting specialized according to regions, plants and livestock Fishery: increasing proportion in agricultural structure - Forestry: planting rather than exploiting bền vững Agricultural Commodity structure: production towards sustainable Cultivation: development on focusing developing organic farming - Fishery: focusing on aqua-culturing - Forestry These sectors focus on sectors with potential and advantages to promote agricultural exports and guarantee economic, social and environmental goals nông nghiệp Figure 1.3: Model on shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports Source: generalized from IPSARD (2017) 1.1.2 Nature and criteria to evaluate policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of a provincial locality The dissertation clarifies the concept of economic policies and economic policy cycle, also clarifies the nature of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of a provincial locality as “a series of views, regulations, measures and tools that a provincial locality uses to impact on different sectors of the agricultural structure (cultivation, forestry and aquaculture) to create changes in proportions, numbers and entities participating in the sectors of agricultural economy so as to develop agriculture towards promoting agricultural exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals” These policies aim to impact on agricultural structure to create a new agricultural structure, develop sectors with export advantages and guarantee the harmony in sustainable development goals on the basis of using and exploiting local resources in the most appropriate and effect way To evaluate these policies, it is possible to use the following criteria: suitability, uniformity and systematics; feasibility; efficiency 1.1.3 The roles of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of a provincial locality With the above-mentioned nature, policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of a provincial locality are a group of policies very crucial to the development of a provincial locality as they (1) limit the disability of the market economy; (2) orient the process of shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals; (3) make full use of natural resources of the locality; (4) create motivations for economic sectors to participate in the process of shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports; (5) create favorable conditions for the shifting of agricultural structure towards sustainable exports 1.2 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND CONTENTS OF POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS OF A PROVINCIAL LOCALITY 1.2.1 Fundamental principles of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of a provincial locality Appropriate with requirements of socio-economic rules and reality; appropriate with constitution, policies and legal systems of the state; appropriate with the international commitments, bilateral and multi-lateral agreements; feasible and able to provoke and liberalize production forces of the local and national economy; appropriate with the decentralization and empowerment mechanism in state economic administration, particularly in agriculture 1.2.2 Fundamental contents of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of a provincial locality a) Policies to promoting the shifting of agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of economy - Objectives of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of economy: shifting agricultural structure to gain the goals of increasing the outputs of agricultural products; improving yields, quality, competitiveness of agricultural products, prioritizing products of export advantages; developing infrastructure, increasing the added value of exported agricultural products, guaranteeing stable growth indicators in a certain period as set forth by the policies - Contents of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of economy: (1) establishing specialized cultivation areas to focus production for exports; (2) encouraging land accumulation to facilitate mass agricultural production; (3) developing and upgrading agricultural infrastructure to promote agricultural production; (4) developing consumption markets for agricultural products; (5) attracting investment in agricultural production - Tools to implement policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of economy: (1) policies on planning; (2) policies on land; (3) policies on encouraging investments in rural agriculture; (4) policies on developing rural infrastructure to serve agricultural production; (5) policies on tax, agriculture credit and insurance b) Policies to promoting the shifting of agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of society - Objectives of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of society: generating jobs, improving life quality of laborers in agriculture; alleviating poverty; enhancing labor quality in agriculture - Contents of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of society: shifting agricultural structure towards exports, generating jobs for farmers, increasing yield, improving quality to meet export demand, adjusting agricultural product prices to ensure and increase income for laborers 12 production: this is the experience from Holon, Israel, an area with natural conditions unfavorable for agricultural development like many localities in Vietnam Chapter ANALYZING AND EVALUATING POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS IN THAI BINH PROVINCE 2.1 SITUATION OF SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE IN THAI BINH PROVINCE 2.1.1 Overview of natural, socio-economic conditions for agricultural development in Thai Binh With the view to generalizing natural, socio-economic features that have direct impacts on agricultural development as well as shifting of agricultural structure, the dissertation presents some natural, socioeconomic features of Thai Binh including geographical location, land, climate, population, agricultural infrastructure, economic growth rate, etc It can be said that with 100% of its area as plain, fertile arable land, big population, stable economic growth, Thai Binh has great advantages in agricultural development Successful shifting in agricultural structure can turn Thai Binh into a highlight for Vietnam’s agricultural economy 2.1.2 Situation of agricultural development and agricultural exports in Thai Binh With the above-mentioned advantages, in the past time, especially in the last 10 years, Thai Binh has become a province with a strong increase in agricultural production growth which reached VND 39,377 billion in 2020 and accounted for 26.6% in the province’s GRDP 120 32.87 100 31.09 Cultivation, forestry, fishery DV 32.23 37.7 33.23 80 25.88 25.93 27.95 30.43 25.89 27.2 29.56 42.98 39.82 36.33 36.41 35.2 34.85 60 41.25 40 Construction industry CNXD 37.6 35.59 38.79 Services NLTS 35.94 35.6 32.5 33.6 38.24 41.9 40.9 27.61 25.82 22.5 26.6 2017 2018 2019 2020 20 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Figure 2.4: Thai Binh’s GRDP structure in the 2010-2020 period Source: Thai Binh Statistic Book, 2010-2020 The production of some agricultural products has shown positive shifts towards better quality, especially pork, rice, shrimps, clams Therefore, the province’s export turnover has increased continuously in recent years, specifically in 2010, the province’s export value reached 13 US$ 491,108 thousand; in 2015 it increased to US$ 1,275,403 thousand In 2020, its export value hit US$ 1,719,000 thousand, rising by 11.53% against 2019, lower than the average rate of the 2010-2020 period of 15.38% The export turnover of agricultural products of Thai Binh in this period increased from US$ 16,781.9 thousand in 2010 to US$ 26,774.2 thousand in 2020 2.1.3 Situation of shifting agricultural structure in Thai Binh In line with the shifting in the national economic restructure in general and agricultural structure in particular, Thai Binh has paid great attention to shifting its agricultural structure, specifically; Thai Binh’s agricultural structure has shown remarkable changes: the proportion of cultivation gradually reduces from 99.8% in 2010 to 78.94% in 2015 and 73.96% in 2020; that of fishery increases from 0.01% in 2010 to 20.99% in 2015 and 25.98% in 2020 while forestry does not show noticeable fluctuations Unit: % 2010 0.12 0.01 99.86 Cultivation Nông nghiệp Forestry Lâm nghiệp Fishery Thủy sản 2015 20.99 0.06 78.94 Cultivation Nông nghiệp Forestry Lâm nghiệp Fishery Thủy sản 2020 25.98 0.05 73.96 Cultivation Nông Forestry nghiệp Fishery Figure 2.12: Shifting in agricultural structure of Thai Binh in the 2010-2020 period Source: Thai Binh Statistic Book Shifting among sub-sectors in agriculture: as for cultivation, the proportion cultivation, livestock breeding, agricultural service in agriculture has shifted towards increasing the proportion of sub-sectors with high value (livestock breeding), decreasing the proportion of those with lower value (cultivation) The proportion of agricultural services remains stable and although it increases gradually over the years, its proportion is comparatively low As for forestry, there has been a big shift from afforestation to forestry services As for fishery, there has been a shift towards decreasing the proportion of exploitation, increasing the proportion of aquaculture 14 2.1.4 Problems in the process of shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh The process of shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh has gained encouraging achievements in the past time such as high growth rate, higher proportion of sectors with high value; however there still remain some problems, specifically: Firstly, the shift from small-scale to large-scale production remains slow Secondly, the proportion of agricultural services in the agricultural structure is small Thirdly, the shift in aquaculture structure has not reached the target Fourthly, a strong brand has not been built for Thai Binh’s agricultural products Fifthly, the shift from exports of raw products to refined ones is slow Sixthly, the province’s agricultural products are mostly sold to quite easy market segments 2.2 ANALYZING THE SITUATION OF POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS IN THAI BINH 2.2.1 Situation of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of economy in Thai Binh To fulfill the economic goals in the process of shifting agricultural structure, the central and local governments have used some policies to orient and motivate entities to invest and participate in agricultural production under the state orientations Some policies for agricultural development include: (1) policies on planning; (2) policies on land; (3) policies on encouraging investments in agriculture and rural development; (4) policies on developing agricultural infrastructure; (5) policies on tax, credit and insurance in agriculture (for more details, see Appendix of the dissertation) These policies have been issued and implemented by the central and local governments However, the issuance and execution of these policies have encountered some problems as Thai Binh has not yet made agricultural plans nor issued land accumulation and agriculture insurance policies 2.2.2 Situation of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of society in Thai Binh To fulfill the social goals in the process of shifting agricultural structure towards exports, the central and local governments have used some policies to orient and motivate entities to invest and participate in agricultural production under the state orientations, including: (1) policies on generating jobs for rural laborers; (2) policies on supporting farmers; 15 (3) policies on human resource training in rural areas (for more details, see Appendix of the dissertation) 2.2.3 Situation of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of environment in Thai Binh To fulfill the environmental goals in the process of shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports, the central and local governments have used some policies to orient and motivate entities to invest and participate in agricultural production under the state orientations and protect the environment at the same time, including: (1) policies on protecting the environment in agricultural production; (2) policies on science and technology in agricultural production; (3) policies on encouraging organic farming (for more details, see Appendix of the dissertation) 2.3 EVALUATING POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS IN THAI BINH IN RECENT TIME 2.3.1 Successes of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh 2.3.1.1 Successes of policies for shifting agricultural structure in terms of economy (1) The issued policies for shifting agricultural structure in terms of economy have been systematically, synchronously and effectively implemented and contributed to increasing agriculture growth rate and fulfilling the set-forth goals: the average production value growth rate of agriculture in the 2016-2020 period reached 3.08%, higher than the target of 2.5% (for more details, see Table 2.5 of the dissertation) (2) These policies have promoted the shift in agricultural production towards centralized and commodity production towards exports: the area of arable land increases gradually and meet the target, land has been accumulated to bigger-size fields; the province has attracted investments from numerous enterprises in agriculture, especially big groups such as TH* trueMILK Group (3) Agricultural production has shifted to increasing yield and product quality (4) Rural infrastructure in serve for agricultural production has been improved 2.3.1.2 Successes of policies for shifting agricultural structure in terms of society 16 (1) Policies for shifting agricultural structure in terms of society have helped to create jobs for rural laborers: by 2020, around 86,000 rural laborers had been trained, exceeding the target set in the Plans for Agriculture Restructuring of the province (for more details, see Table of the dissertation) (2) The policies have improved income and life quality of rural people: the average income per capita has increased: in 2019, the average annual income of the province reached VND 47.29 million per head, increasing by 2.8 times from 2010 (VND 13.55 million per head), the rate of poor households decreased by 1.04% a year, the rate of multi-aspect poor households dropped from 9.91% in 2010 to 5.27% in early 2016 and to 2.66% in 2019, 100% of communes and districts were recognized as meeting the standards of new rural development (3) The policies have helped improve labor quality in rural areas: Thai Binh has cared about developing human resources in general and human resources in agriculture in particular In the 2016-2020, the province provided professional training for 86,000 rural laborers 2.3.1.3 Successes of policies for shifting agricultural structure in terms of environment (1) The policies have helped to reduce negative impacts of agricultural production on the environment: regulations on environmental protection in agricultural production are legal foundation for environmental protection That organizations and individuals respect environmental regulations in agricultural production is a prerequisite to develop agriculture sustainably (2) These policies have contributed to shifting agricultural production towards applying high technology in agriculture via the impacts of policies on supporting enterprises in researching, developing, transferring and applying technology in agricultural production 2.3.2 Major limitations of policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh 2.3.2.1 Limitations of policies for shifting agricultural structure in terms of economy (1) The policies are not effective enough to shift agricultural structure as planned: The targets set in Thai Binh’s Plans for Agriculture Restructuring are increasing the proportions of sectors with high economic values to 71.9% for cultivation, livestock breeding, agricultural services, 0.1% for forestry and 30% for aquaculture by 2020, but the province failed to reach the proportions of aquaculture and forestry in 2020 (2) The targets of shifting small-scale to centralized, large-scale production has 17 not reached the target: According to the targets set in Thai Binh’s Plans for Agriculture Restructuring, the area of accumulated arable fields of over hectas is over 50% By 2020, the proportion of accumulated land was just 26.2% (22,169.28 ha/84,999ha), much lower than the set-forth targets (3) Beneficiaries of policies on encouraging investment in agriculture and rural development are right but insufficient: the preferential policies introduced to attract investment in agriculture and rural development recognize the subjects of support as enterprises and cooperatives while most agricultural production entities are households and farms, there are just a few enterprises and cooperatives 2.3.2.2 Limitations of policies for shifting agricultural structure in terms of society (1) The policies are not effective enough to create breakthroughs in income and life quality of rural laborers, the income gaps between rural and urban areas are still high (2) Some supporting policies not match the real demand and the policy effects are not strong enough (3) Some supporting policies are not appropriate with reality 2.3.2.3 Limitations of policies for shifting agricultural structure in terms of environment (1) The effects of policies on waste treatment in rural areas are still weak: the construction of large-scale incinerators to meet the technical requirements as stipulated in Standard QCVN 61-MT: 2016/ BTNMT is limited The financial supports for incinerator construction under Decision No 15/2014/QĐ-UBND and 1952/QĐ-UBND dated 31/8/2015 pose difficulties to communes in raising reciprocal capital or attracting enterprises for investments (2) Policies on science and technology in agricultural production are not effective enough: there is no incentive policy on researching, developing and applying high technology in agricultural production in the province (3) There is a lack of incentive policies on developing organic farming so the shift to organic farming remains very slow: the province has not promulgated preferential policies and mechanism on organic agriculture although the Government has issued a policy on promoting organic agriculture to protect agricultural production environment 2.3.3 Causes of limitations 2.3.3.1 Objective causes There are some objective causes: Firstly, there remain conflicts between Laws such as law on land and law on tender, the mechanism for land accumulation is not attractive enough Secondly, when making policies, the 18 State only focused on enterprises and organizations with big capital rather than paying attention to supporting farmers to transfer from small-scale to big-scale production households Thirdly, in the process of making policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports, the social goals were not of great concern Fourthly, there have not yet been specific criteria to identify high-tech agriculture or organic agriculture projects, no specific agencies have been assigned to confirm these criteria 2.3.3.2 Subjective causes There have not been enough resources to build and implement policies so their effects are not really high Party units, local authority and relevant agencies have not been fully aware of shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of environment Local authority has not been fully determined to promulgate policies to research and apply science and technology in agriculture to gain the set-forth environmental goals 2.3.3.3 Problems in policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh As to policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports to reach economic goals in Thai Binh, in the coming time, the province should focus on the following tasks: (1) Completing and synchronizing laws, especially land and tender laws, as well as regulations on investments in the public-private partnership (PPP) mode (2) Building and completing plans for specialized agricultural production zones under law on planning (3) Completing law on land accumulation (4) Completing policies on encouraging investment in agriculture and rural areas (5) Building policies on developing market and brands for agricultural products (6) Completing policies on investing in agricultural and rural infrastructure As to policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports to reach social goals in Thai Binh: (1) Revising and amending some policies on supporting agricultural production to match the reality, contributing to shifting agricultural structure to meet the social goals (2) Completing policies on supplementing support to farmers when the state withdraws agricultural land (3) Completing policies on attracting, training, improving and rewarding talents, especially in agricultural production (4) Completing policies on encouraging socializing vocational training and education activities in rural areas (5) Completing polices on training human resources for agricultural production 19 As to policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports to reach environmental goals in Thai Binh: (1) Revising, completing and implementing policies on protecting the environment in agricultural production (2) Completing policies on science and technology in agricultural production (3) Building policies on encouraging the development of organic farming in Thai Binh Chapter SOME VIEWS, ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO COMPLETE POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS IN THAI BINH PROVINCE BY 2025 AND THE FOLLOWING YEARS 3.1 SOME VIEWS AND ORIENTATIONS TO COMPLETE POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS IN THAI BINH PROVINCE BY 2025 AND THE FOLLOWING YEARS 3.1.1 Forecasts on development potential of agriculture towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh by 2025 and the following years 3.1.1.1 General advantages The overall advantages to develop Thai Binh’s agriculture towards sustainable exports in the coming time include: Vietnam’s GDP growth rate increases, macro-economy is stable, inflation is controlled at 3.5-4.5% a year, labor productivity improves with the growth rate of 6.3% a year, international economic integration becomes more intensive, consumer demand for product quality increases 3.1.1.2 Particular advantages of Thai Binh Thai Binh has its own advantages in land, infrastructure, and labor force with young population and higher proportion of women It also has advantages in consumption market as it is geographically near some big markets like Hanoi, Hai Phong, Quang Ninh, etc The province also has great advantages in eco-tourism 3.1.1.3 Forecasts on consumption market, agricultural exports by 2025 and the following years and forecasts on some potential agricultural products for exports of Thai Binh The consumption market is extending, especially after EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement takes effect Export market will expand, the consumption of some agricultural products in domestic market will also increase in the 2020-2030 period Forecasts on some exported agricultural products of Thai Binh in the coming time: From the above-mentioned forecasts on domestic and foreign 20 consumption markets, based on the province’s natural conditions and advantages in producing some agricultural products, in the 2021-2025 period, vision 2030, Thai Binh can develop some agricultural products for exports, including rice, shrimps, clams, pork, fruit and vegetables 3.1.2 Some views and goals in completing policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of Thai Binh by 2025 and the following years a) Views: Based on the general stance of the Party, State and the views to develop agriculture of Thai Binh province, the PhD learner generalizes some views on shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals b) Goals of shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of Thai Binh: Shifting agricultural structure towards exports to increase added value, quality and competitiveness of agricultural products in the international market, guarantee sustainable development and raise income for households by applying advanced technology, increasing production scales, developing processing agriculture, building value chains linking stages in the chains, especially the links between enterprises and farmers or cooperatives to promote agricultural exports and guarantee sustainable development goals in the shifting process 3.1.3 Some orientations to complete policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh by 2025 and the following years To realize the above-mentioned goals and implement the views, policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports of Thai Binh should focus on the following orientations: a) As to cultivation: Completing plans; increasing the areas of accumulated land; researching new rice varieties; changing rice fields with low yield to aqua-culture farms; shifting rice fields to vegetable fields b) As to livestock breeding: Completing plans for livestock breeding zones, classifying zones for different livestock of pigs, cows and chickens; investing in infrastructure of the centralized zones such as road system, electricity and water supplies, slaughters; developing large-scale livestock breeding farms, encouraging the establishment of livestock breeding farms using modern breeding procedures; strengthening disease prevention and controls for livestock c) As for aquaculture: Strengthening aquaculture practices, increasing the proportion of aquaculture in comparison with exploitation; establishing centralized aquaculture zones; using the brackish water area of 3,490 21 hectas for raising shrimps in rotation with tilapia, using the fresh water area for raising different kinds of fish; improving infrastructure: seafood wholesales market, fish seaports to facilitate seafood distribution, consumption, exports and exploitation 3.2 SOME SOLUTIONS TO COMPLETING POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS IN THAI BINH BY 2025 AND THE FOLLOWING YEARS 3.2.1 Enhancing the capacity of policy makers for policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in Thai Binh Human resources play a crucial role in any activities in general and policy making in particular With competent human resources having good capacity in policy making, agricultural economy and strategic views, the suitability, efficiency and feasibility of the issued policies can be guaranteed 3.2.2 Completing policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of economy in Thai Binh: (1) Building and issuing policies on planning agriculture production in Thai Binh (2) Completing and issuing policies on land accumulation as a foundation for establishing centralized agricultural production zone (3) Completing and implementing policies on encouraging investment in agriculture and rural areas (4) Completing policies on credit, implementing policies on agriculture insurance more effectively (5) Building policies on developing markets, supporting distribution for exported agricultural products (6) Implementing and completing policies on supporting investment in infrastructure to serve agricultural production and exports 3.2.3 Completing policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of society in Thai Binh (1) Completing policies on employment for laborers in rural areas (2) Revising and adjusting some policies on supporting agricultural production in line with reality (3) Completing policies on training to improve the quality human resources in agricultural production 3.2.4 Completing policies for shifting agricultural structure towards sustainable exports in terms of environment in Thai Binh To shift agricultural structure towards sustainable exports and meet environmental goals, it is necessary to: (1) build and implement policies on 22 environmental protection in agricultural production; (2) complete policies on science and technology in agricultural production; (3) build policies on encouraging the development of organic agriculture in the province 3.3 SOME PROPOSALS ON COMPLETING POLICIES FOR SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EXPORTS IN THAI BINH BY 2025 AND THE FOLLOWING YEARS 3.3.1 To state agencies (1) Amending and supplementing legal system to facilitate agricultural development (2) Completing policies on land accumulation (3) Amending and supplementing policies on encouraging investment in agriculture and rural areas (4) Completing policies on credit for agriculture and rural areas (5) Building and implementing the project of “Vocational training for rural laborers by 2025” (6) Completing regulations on environmental protection in agricultural production 3.3.2 To enterprises, associations and households 3.3.2.1 To enterprises and associations of agricultural production, processing and exports: Firstly, researching the demand of the current and potential export markets Secondly, respecting the state regulations on environmental protection in agricultural production Thirdly, applying science, technology and achievements of the Industry 4.0 in agricultural production; promoting the research and application of new plant and livestock varieties in mass production to raise yield and product quality Fourthly, investing in organic agriculture Fifthly, training and improving the quality of agricultural human resources Sixthly, developing agriculture towards value chains, focusing on processing exported products to raise the product values 3.3.2.2 To households of agricultural production Firstly, cooperating with state administration agencies in respecting regulations and policies on administrating and developing agricultural production Secondly, following the right procedures of agricultural production for each variety of plants and livestock to cut costs and reduce environmental pollution Thirdly, participating in training programs on applying agricultural production standards Fourthly, actively joining in agricultural cooperatives to create links to set up specialized cultivation zones and commodity production zones which apply modern science and technology in agricultural production Fifthly, researching and developing organic farming models to raise product quality, protect the current 23 environment as well as avoid destroying the environment of the future generations Sixthly, cooperating with state administration agencies, organization and other individuals to implement land accumulation to develop a centralized, big-scale production zones for exports CONCLUSION Shifting economic structure in general and shifting agricultural structure towards exports in particular are becoming an inevitable trend to almost all countries in the context of increasing liberalization and globalization Thai Binh has natural, socio-economic conditions favorable for agricultural development In recent years, the province has gained encouraging achievements in the process of shifting agricultural structure However, shifting agricultural structure towards exports and sustainable development has also revealed some limitations as it is not proportionate to the province’s potential and advantages, it especially does not guarantee sustainable development goals Therefore, it is necessary to generalize and build up an overall theoretical framework on policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals so as to create an appropriate agricultural structure which emphasizes developing sectors with strengths, make full use of the local advantages to export and meet the sustainable development goals To reach these targets, in the coming time, Thai Binh needs to implement policies issued by the central government effectively, at the same time it needs to revise, adjust, supplement or issue local policies to promote the shifting of agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals The dissertation has generalized and supplemented fundamental theoretical issues on shifting agricultural structure, policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals of a provincial locality It has studied the experiences of some local and foreign provinces, especially those with similar natural conditions and advantages for agricultural development to Thai Binh in terms of planning, building and implementing policies for shifting agricultural structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable development goals Upon analyzing and evaluating the situation of shifting agricultural structure and the policies for shifting agricultural structure of Thai Binh in the 2010-2020 period, identifying its successes and limitations and clarifying the causes of limitations, the dissertation has proposed some solutions to completing policies for shifting agricultural 24 structure towards exports and guaranteeing sustainable goals for Thai Binh by 2025, vision 2030 25 Some research limitations and suggestions for further studies: Although the PhD learner has tried his best to research seriously and fulfilled the research objectives, the dissertation is just limited to a reference material for Thai Binh’s administration agencies in agriculture and a suggestion to the province in completing its policies for agricultural structure The data used in the dissertation are mostly secondary while primary data are just collected by in-depth interviews and questionnaires with a small research sample The dissertation has also not looked into the entire policy procedures but also focused on evaluating the content of the policies With these accomplishments, the dissertation has generally answered all the set-forth research questions and realized the research objectives The PhD learner wishes to receive comments, opinions and ideas from researchers, administrators and experts to improve it further./ RESEARCH WORKS PUBLISHED BY THE PHD LEARNER No Year of publication Title Journals International Conference – Policies and Solutions to Promote Agricultural Exports to Chinese Market via Cao Bang Province International Conference – The 4th Industrial Revolution: Opportunities and Challenges to Vietnam’s Economic Development National Conference – Impacts of Newgeneration Free Trade Agreements on Vietnam’s Trade and Investment 2016 Promoting Exports of Key Agricultural Products of Vietnam to Chinese Market 2018 Shifting Agricultural Structure towards Sustainable Development in Thai Binh amid the 4th Industrial Revolution 2020 Solutions to Exporting Rice from Vietnam to EU Market amid EVFTA 2021 Shifting Agricultural Structure towards Sustainable Exports Vietnam Trade and of Some Domestic Industry Review, Vol.7, and Foreign March 2021 Localities – Experience for Thai Binh Province Role Author Author Author Author ... Cultivation Nông nghiệp Forestry Lâm nghiệp Fishery Thủy sản 2015 20.99 0.06 78.94 Cultivation Nông nghiệp Forestry Lâm nghiệp Fishery Thủy sản 2020 25.98 0.05 73.96 Cultivation Nông Forestry nghiệp. .. structure from specialized agricultural sản xuất hàng hóa, Self-supply, Cultivation production to commodity production towards sustainable development hướng tới xuất mono-cultivation (diverse planting,... livestock Secondly, shifting agricultural Nền Nông nghiệp structure: structure from multi-cultivation to specialized production chun mơn hóaagricultural Nền Nơng nghiệp Thirdly, shifting -agricultural