sách giáo khoa địa lí 11

BO GIAO DUG VA OAO TAO DIALI NHA X U X T BAN GIAO DUG VI^T NAM BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO LE THONG (Tong Chu bien) NGUYEN THI MINH P H U O N G (Chu bien) PHAM VIET HONG - NGUYEN VIET HUNG O N G THI DAN THANH - THAN DUC TUAN - NGUYEN DUG VU DIALI (Tdi ban Idn thA tu) NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUG VIET NAM Chiu trdch nhiem xudt ban : Chu tich HDQT kiem Tong Giam doc NGO TRAN AI Pho Tong Giam doc kiem Tong bien tap NGUYEN QU^ THAO Bien tap Idn ddu BUI THI BICH NGOC - TRAN NGOC DIEP Bien tap tdi ban : BUI THI BICH NGOC Bien tap mi thuat LUONG QUOC HTEP Thiet ke sdch N G U Y £ N THANH LONG Trinh bay bia TRAN TIEU LAM V e luge CU DUC NGHIA - TRINH MINH HUNG Sua ban in BUI THI BICH NGOC Che ban : CONG TY CO PHAN Ml THUAT VA TRUYEN THONG Ban quyen thuoc Nha xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam - Bp Giao due va Oao tao DjALI 11 Mas6:CH116T1 In 60.000 ban (QD 05GK), kho 17 x 24cm In tai Cong ty c6 phan in Sach giao khoa tai TP Ha Noi So XB: 01-2011/CXB/149-1235/00 In xong va nop lini chieu thang 01 nam 2011 KHAI QUAT NEN KINH TE - XA HOI THE Gl6l C A C NUCI( :N THE GI6I Bai Sir Ti/ONG PHAN yi TRINH DO PHAT TRIIN KINH T I - XA HOI COA CAC N H M Ni/6C CUOC CACH MANG KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHf Hl|N DAI m • • • • • Cck- niitjc rreii the giai ditac xcp vao iihCatg ii/ioni khcic nhaii vai siftirang phan ro ret ve trinh plidt trien kinh te- xcl hoi Ciioc each mgng khoa hoe vd eong nghe hien dgi tde dgiig nignli me den nen kinh te the gi&i, ehiiych dan nen kinh te the giai sang mot giai dogn phdt trien moi ggi la nen kinh tetri thii'c I - Sir PHAN CHIA THANH CAC NH6M NI/6C The giai c6 tren 200 quoc gia va vung lanh tho khac ve dac diem tu nhien, dan CU, xa hoi, trinh phat trien kinh te va dugc xep vao hai nhom nuac : phat trien va dang phat trien Cac nuac phat trien c6 tong san pham nuac binh quan dau nguai (GDP/nguai) cao, dau tu nuac ngoai (FDI) nhieu, chi so phat trien nguai (HDI) a muc cao 60' ^ " Aivje^ ADtOLEN THL\ iJlfej PI^^N ^^^ IAN ANH LI6N BANG NGA BfiLARUT ULRAINA • CADACXTAN MONGC6_ m^NHlKl,( J •, ', TRUNGQUOC " * ^ ' ANGI£RI, iini • V, '•"" AI CAP A R A THAI BINH LnrONC, r7^^s^0m ^NIUGHIN£ 'i-( ; [ DlfONG '"'r^ , : ANBO MADAGAXCA ""^^^.'.ylMtoAMBicH DUONG GDP/NGUOl CAC Ntt3c v A VUNG LANH T H (USD) |r I Mile cao: tren 8955 _ MiJc tning binh tren: 2896 - 8955 i MCrc trung binh di/ai: 725 - 2895 \^^ Mile thap: du6i 725 Hinh Phan bo cac nuac va vung lanh tho tren the gidi theo miic GDP binh quan dau ngucri (USD/nguoi - nam 2004) Cac nuac dang phat trien thuang c6 GDP/nguai thap, no nuac ngoai nhieu va HDI a muc thap Trong nhom nuac dang phat trien, mot so nuac va viing lanh tho da trai qua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa va dat dugc trinh phat trien nhat dinh ve cong nghiep goi chung la cac nuac cong nghiep mai (NICs) nhu : Han Quoc, Xin-ga-po, Dai Loan, Bra-xin, Ac-hen-ti-na, Difa vao hinh I, nhan xel sif phdn ho cac nuCfc vd vfing lanh tho tren the gidi theo nn'fc GDP Ivnii quan ddu ngifoi (USD/ngu'di) 11-51/ Tl/ONG PHAN VE TRINH Op CUA CAC NHOM Nl/GfC PHAT TRIEN KINH TE XA HOI GDP binh quan dau nguai c6 su chenh lech Ian giiia cac nuac phat trien va cac nuac dang phat trien BANG 1.1 GDP BINH QUAN DAU NGUdi CUA M O T SO NUC)C TREN THE GlCil NAM 2004, THEO GIA THUC TE (Don vi : USD) Cac nu6c phat trien Ten nu6c Dan Mach Thuy Dien Anh Ca-na-da Niu Di-lan Cac nude dang phat trien GDP/nguoi Ten nude GDP/ngudi An-ba-ni C6-16m-bi-a In-do-ne-xi-a MDo E-ti-6-pi-a 45 008 38 489 35 861 30 714 24 314 :t 2372 2150 1193 637 112 The giai : 6393 Dua vdo ixing I.I, hay nhdn xet su'chenh lech ve GDP hinh quan ddu ngu'di gida cac nu'&c phdt trien vf) cdc mfdc dang phdt trien BANG 1.2 CO CAU GDP P H A N THEO KHU VUC KINH TE CUA CAC NHOM NUCSC - N A M 2004 (Don vi : %) Co cau GDP phan theo lihu vuc kinh te Nhom nufdc Khu vuc I Khu vuc II Khu vuc III Phat trien 2,0 27,0 71,0 Dang phat trien 25,0 32,0 43,0 Dira vdo bang 1.2 hdy nhdn vet ca can GDP phan theo khu vifc kinh te ci'ia cdc nh.v, :;ir'« Tuoi tho trung binh (tuoi) - nam 2005 : - The giai : 67 - Cac nuac phat trien : 76 - Cac nuac dang phat trien : 65 Cac nuac a chau Phi c6 tuoi tho trung binh la 52 (trong a khu vuc Tay Phi, Dong Phi la 47 - thap nhat the giai) BANG f \ 1.3 CHI SO HDI CUA THE Gl6l VA CAC NHOM NUOC " ^ .^^^ Nam 2000 2002 2003 Phat trien 0,814 0,831 0,855 Dang phat trien 0,654 0,663 0,694 The giai 0,722 0,729 0,741 Nhom nUOT"^^ Di/a vdo hdng 1.3 ket hap vdi thong tin a tren nhdn xet sif khdc biet ve chi so HDI vd tuoi tho ti'ung binh gida nhom nifo'c phdt trien vd nhom nude dang phdt trien Ill - CUpC CACH MANG KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE HIEN DAI Cuoi the ki XX dau the ki XXI, nhan loai tien hanh cuoc each mang khoa hoc va cong nghe hien dai vai dac trung la su xuat hien va phat trien nhanh chong cong nghe cao Day la cac cong nghe dua vao nhung tuu khoa hoc mai, vai ham lugng tri thuc cao Bon cong nghe tru cot, c6 tac dong manh me va sau sSc den phat trien kinh te - xa hoi la : cong nghe sinh hoc, cong nghe vat lieu, cong nghe nang lugng, cong nghe thong tin Cugc each mang khoa hgc va cong nghe hien dai da lam xuat hien nhieu nganh mai, dac biet cac linh vuc cong nghiep va dich vu, tao nhirng buac chuyen dich ca cau kinh te manh me 8- Cac nudc Ddng Nam A da ca ban giai quyet dugc nhu cau luong thuc - van de nan giai ciia nhieu qudc gia dang phat trien CACCAYTR6NGCH0YEU 'Chi tuy^n Bac p Lua nudc caphe • I ^ Di/a I ? : H6tieu l Caosu THAIBINH DUONG AN DO % O^^^ DUONG Hinh 11.6 Phan bo mot so cay chii yeu cua Dong Nam A Hdy xdc dinh tren hinh 11.6 cdc vung liia nude chu yeu eua Ddng Nam A Trong cay cong nghiep Cao su dugc nhieu d Thai Lan, In-dd-ne-xi-a, Malaixi-a va Viet Nam Ca phe va ho tieu dugc nhieu nhat d Viet Nam, sau dd la In-dd-ne-xi-a, Ma-laixia va Thai Lan Ngoai ra, Ddng Nam A cdn la nai cung cap cho the gidi cac san pham tir nhieu loai cay lay dau, cay lay sgi San pham tir cay cdng nghiep chii yeu de xuat khau thu ngoai te Tgi cdc cdy cdng nghiep ke tren Igi dugc nhieu d Ddng Nam A ? Cay an qua dugc d hau het cac nudc khu vuc Hdfy keten nwt so cdy dn qud dugc trdng nhieu a khu vifc Ddng Nam A 104 Trieu tan 10 9.0 6.3 6,4 5,8 5,5 4,2 3,4 3-1 1-1 0,5 Dfing Nam A Thg gidi C A O S U Nam 1985 0,9 Dong Nam A : The gidi C A P H£ I I Nam 1995 C U Nam 2005 Hinh 11.7 San lugng cao su, ca phe cua Dong Nam A va cua the gioi Chan nuoi, danh bat va nuoi thuy, hai san Chan nudi gia sue d Ddng Nam A van chua trd nganh chinh mac dii so lugng gia sue kha ldn Trau, bd dugc nudi nhieu a Mi-an-ma, Indd-nexia, Thai Lan va Viet Nam Lgn dugc nudi nhieu d Viet Nam, Phi-lip-pin, Thai Lan, Indd-nexia Ddng Nam A ciing la khu vuc nudi nhieu gia cam Cd Igi the ve sdng, bien nen danh bat nudi trdng thuy, hai san la nganh kinh te tmyen thong va dang phat trien d Ddng Nam A Nam 2003, san lugng ca khai thac dat 14,5 trieu tan, dd nudc dimg dau la In-dd-ne-xi-a (4,7 trieu tain) Thai Lan (2,8 trieu tan) Phi-lip-pin (2,2 trieu tain), Viet Nam (1,8 trieu tain) va Ma-lai-xi-a (1,3 trieu tain) Hdy ke ten nlulng lodi thuy hdi sdn nhiet ddi cd gid tri d Ddng Nam A Cdu hoi vd bdi tap Trinh bay sir phat trien nong nghiep cua khu vuc Dong Nam A Ke ten mot so hang noi tieng d nudc ngoai lien doanh vdi Viet Nam cac nganh cong nghiep Dua vao hinh 11.5, cho biet nhirng quoc gia nao d Dong Nam A co ti cua khu \ irc dich vu GDP (nam 2004) cao quoc gia nao thaip 105 Bai 11 KHU Vl/C OONG N A M A (tiep theo) Tiet HIEP H O I CAC NLTOC DONG NAM A (ASEAN) I - MUC TIEU VA CO CHE HOP TAC CUA ASEAN Nam 1967, tai Bang Coc (Thai Lan), nudc : Thai Lan In-dd-ne-xi-a, Ma-lai-xi-a, Phi-lippin va Xingapo da ki tuyen bd ve viec lap "Hiep hdi cac nudc Ddng Nam A" viet tat la ASEAN Day la mot nhirng su kien cd y nghia Hch sir khu vuc So lugng vien ciia ASEAN cang tang : nam 1984 ket nap Bm-nay, nam 1995 : Viet Nam, nam 1997 : Mi-an-ma va Lao, nam 1999 la Cam-pu-chia Hdy cho biet khu vifc Dong Nam ,4 cdn nu'o'c ndo cliifa gia nhgp ASEA N Cac muc tieu chinh cua ASEAN MUC TIEU CHiNH CUA ASEAN Thiic day sU phat trien kinh te, van hoa, giao due va tien bd xa hdi ciia cac nudc vien Xay dung Ddng Nam A mot khu vUc hoa binh, dn djnh, cd nen kinh te, van hoa, xa hdi phat trien Giai quyet nhufng khac biet ndi bd lien quan den mdi quan he gida ASEAN vdi cac nUdc, khdi nudc hoac cac to chufc qudc te khac Doan ket va Ylorp tac vi mot ASEAN hoa binh, on ^nh, ciing phat trien Tai muc tieu cua ASEA N lai nluin manh deii sif dn dinh 106 Cof che h o p tac cua ASEAN ASEAN cd ca che hgp tac rait phong phii, da dang : Thfing qua cac di§n dan Thong qua cac hiep tfdc To chirc cac hoi nghi Thong qua cac dir an, chitong trinh phat trien Xay dung "Khu vi/c tht/ang mai tir ASEAN" Dam bao thi/c hien cac muc tieu cua ASEAN Thong qua cac hoat dong van hoa, the thao cua khu virc Bang hieu biei ciia minh hdy Iciy vi du cu the minh hog cho nwt cdc ca che hgp tdc de dat dugc muc tieu chung ciia ASEA N II - T H A N H TLTU CUA ASEAN - Qua 40 nam ton tai va phat trien, tuu ldn nhat ma ASEAN dat dugc la 10/11 qudc gia khu vuc trd thanh vien ciia ASEAN Nam 2004, GDP ciia ASEAN dat la 799,9 ti USD, gia tri xuat khaiu dat gan 552,5 ti USD, gia tri nhap khau gan 492 ti USD, can can xuait - nhap khau ciia toan khdi dat gia tri duong Tdc tang trudng kinh te cua cac nudc khu vuc kha cao mac du cdn chua deu va chua that vung chac - Ddi sdng nhan dan dugc cai thien, bd mat cac qudc gia cd su thay doi nhanh chong, he thong ca sd tang phat trien theo hudng hien dai hoa Nhieu thi ciia cac nudc vien nhu Xin-ga-po (Xin-gapo), Gia-cac-ta (In-dd-ne-xi-a), Bang Cdc (Thai Lan), Cua-la Lam-pa (Ma-lai-xi-a), Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh (Viet Nam) da dan dan tien kip trinh do thi cua cac nudc tien tien - Tao dung dugc mot mdi trudng hoa binh, on dinh khu vuc Dieu cd y nghia chinh tri - xa hdi het sire quan trgng, bdi no la ca sd viing chac cho su phat trien kinh te - xa hdi d mdi qudc gia Cling nhu toan khu vuc Hdy ke them cdc thdnh tifu ciia ASEAN Nguyen nhdn ndo ddn tdi cdc thdnh Hinh 11.8 Thap doi o Ma-lai-xi-a " / " '^'^ •' 107 III - THACH T H C C D O I VOfl ASEAN Trinh phat trien chenh lech Trong GDP binh quan dau ngudi theo gia thuc te nam 2004 cua Xin-gapo rat cao (25 207 USD), thi d nhieu nudc chi so lai rat thaip (Mi-an-ma 166 USD, Cam-pu-chia 358 USD, Lao 423 USD, Viet Nam 553 USD) Tiinh dg phdt trien giila mot sd qudc gia cdn qud chenh lech dd anh huang gi to'i muc tieu phdn ddu ciia A SEA N ? Van tinh trang doi ngheo Day la thuc trang d cac qudc gia ASEAN, mac dii mire ddi ngheo d mdi qudc gia cd khac Tinh trgng ddi ngheo a nigt bd phdn ddn cif se gay nlulng tra nggi gi viec '.' phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi ciia mdi qudc gia Ddng vd Nhd nudc ta dd cd nlulng chinh sdch gi de xod ddi gidm ngheo ^ Cac van de xa hoi khac Dd thi hoa khu vuc dien nhanh, sinh nhieu van de phirc tap ciia xa hdi Cac vain de khac nhu tdn giao, sir hoa hgp dan tdc mdi qudc gia, dich benh, su dung tai nguyen thien nhien va bao ve mdi tmdng chua hgp li, thait nghiep, phat trien nguon nhan luc, dao tao nhan tai de dap img nhu cau phat trien kinh te deu la nhung thach thirc, ddi hdi cac nudc ASEAN can no luc giai quyet a ca cap qudc gia va khu vuc IV - VIET NAM TRONG QUA TRINH HOI NHAP ASEAN Gia nhap ASEAN, Viet Nam da tich cue tham gia vao cac hoat dgng tren tat ca cac ITnh vuc, tir hgp tac ve kinh te tdi hgp tac ve van boa, giao due, khoa hgc cdng nghe, trat tu - an toan xa hdi Viet Nam da ddng gdp nhieu sang kien de cimg cd, nang cao vi the cua ASEAN tren tmdng qudc te va qua dd vi the cua nudc ta cimg dugc nang cao Ve kinh te, Viet Nam xuait khau gao sang Indd-nexi-a, Phi-lip-pin, Ma laixia, tham gia nhieu du an phat trien kinh te khu vuc Hang hoa nhap khaiu chu yeu cua nudc ta tir khu vuc la xang dau, phan bdn, thudc trir sau, mot so mat hang dien tu, hang tieu diing Nam 2005, buon ban giira Viet Nam vdi ASEAN chiem ti le 30% giao dich thuang mai qudc te ciia nudc ta Tham gia vao ASEAN, nudc ta cd nhieu ca hdi de phat trien, nhung ciing cd nhieu thach thirc can phai vugt qua nhu su chenh lech ve trinh phat trien kinh te, cdng nghe, su khac biet ve the che chinh tri, Cdu hoi vd bdi tap L Neu cac muc tieu ciia ASEAN Lay vi du de thay rang viec khai thac va su diing tai nguyen thien nhien chua hgp li la mot nliung thach thirc ciia ASEAN Can phai khac phuc dieu bang nhung bien phap nao ? 108 Bai 11 KHU Vl/C DONG NAM A (tiep theo) Tiet THaCHANH TIM HIEU VE HOATO0NG KINH TEOOI NGOAI CUA DONG NAM A Hoat dong du Ijch Dua vao bang sd lieu sau : B A N G 11 S O K H A C H DU LICH QUOC TE DEN vA CHI TIEU CLJA K H A C H D U L I C H MOT SO KHU VUC CLJA CHAU A - NAM 2003 STT Khu virc Sd khach du Ijch den (nghin lugt ngudi) Chi tieu cua khach du Ijch (trieu USD) Dong A 67230 70594 Dong Nam A 38468 18356 Tay Nam A 41394 18419 - Hdv ve bieu dd hinh cot the hien so klidch du lich qudc te deii vd chi tieu ciia khdcli du lich d mot so khu vifc chdu A ndm 2003 - Tinh hinh cpidn mdi lugt khdch du lich dd chi tieu het hao nhieu USD a tdng khu vifc - So sdnh ve sdi khach vd chi tieu ciia khdch du lich quoc te d khu vifc Ddng Nam A vdi khu vifc Ddng A vd khu vifc Tdy Nam A 77 USD Tinh hinh xuat, nhap khau cua Dong Nam A Dua vdo hinh 11.9 hd}- nhdn xet ve cdn cdn thuang mgi giai dogn J990 - 2004 ciia mot so qudc gia Ddng Nam A 200- 140 120100 J{],JW, Hinh 11.9 Bieu gia tri xuai, nhap khau cua mot so nuoc khu virc Dong Nam A NK )0 >.k NK •> C U Nam2OO0 Tti^i Lan C n Nam 1990 I ^ m Vifit Nam C D Nam 2004 109 Bai 12 0-XTRAY-LI-A Dien tich 7,74 trieu km^ 20.4 trieu nguoi (nam 2005) Dan so Can-be-ra Thu Ld ddi nu'dc rgng Idn ndm df bdn can Nam giau cd ve tdi nguyen, ddn cU da ddn tgc, da ton gido vd da vdn hod, 0-xtrdy-li-a ngdy Id mot ddi nu'dc phdt trien ddy ndng dgng vd ngdy cdng gdn bd nhieu han vdi khu vifc chau A - Thdi Binh Duang Tiet KHAI Q U A T VE 0-XTRAY-LI-A I - TU" NHIEN, D A N CU" VA XA HOI Vi tri dja li va dieu kien tU nhien O-xtray-lia la qudc gia nhat chiem ca mot luc dia, vdi dien tich tu nhien dirng thir sau tren the gidi Dia hinh O-xtrayli-a cd cao trung binh thaip (chi cd 2% dait dai la cao tren 1000m) va chia lam ba khu \uc chinh : cao nguyen mien Tay, vung dait thaip ndi dia, viing nui (thaip, trung binh), dait cao va niii mien Ddng Khi hau phan hoa manh Dua vdo ban dd Tu nhien 0-xtrciy-li-a, hdy cluing minh rdng hgu ciia 0-xtrdy-li-a cd sif phdn hod mgnh Hinh 12.1 Cang-guru — dong vat dac trung cua O-xtray-li-a 10 Canh quan da dang (day Trudng San a mien Ddng, mot so canh quan cac hoang mac a viing ndi dia, dai San ho ngam vi dai a viing bien Ddng B a c ) haip dan nhieu du khach tren the gidi 0-xtray-li-a giau cd ve khoang san nhu : than, sat, kim cuang, dau khi, chi, thiec, ddng, man gan, bd xit, uranium O-xtraylia cd nhieu loai ddng vat, thuc vat ban dia, quy hiem Chinh phii O-xtraylia rait quan tam den bao ve mdi trudng Hon 5% dien tich dat dai dugc danh de bao tdn thien nhien, dd cd 11 khu di san the gidi, 500 cdng vien qudc gia Dieu kien tif nhien dd tao nhung thiign lai vd khd khdn gi cho vice phdt trien '.' kinh te ciia O-xtray-li-a Dan cU va xa hoi Cach day khoang 60 nghin nam da cd thd dan sinh sdng tren luc dia Oxtray-li-a Den cudi the ki XVIII ngudi chau Au mdi cd mat d O-xtraylia Ra ddi nam 1901, O-xtray-li-a la nha nudc lien bang, mot qudc gia dgc lap Khdi Lien hiep Anh Vdi hon 20 trieu dan dai dien cho 151 tdc ngudi, O-xtray-li-a la qudc gia da dan tgc, da tdn giao, da van hoa va dang gia tang manh me cac moi quan he vdi khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duang Dan cu d O-xtray-li-a phan bd khdng deu Mat dan cu rat thaip d vung ndi dia (0,03 - 0,3 ngudi/km^) nhung lai tap trung rait ddng d dai dong bSng ven bien phia dong nam va tay nam (nai day chi chiem 3% dien tich nhung tap trung tdi 90% dan so ca nudc) Mire dd thi hoa cua O-xtray-li-a vao loai cao nhat the gidi (cd tdi 85% dan cu sdng d cac dd thi) Ti suait gia tang dan sd nhirng thap ki qua la 1,4%, chu yeu dan nhap cu O-xtray-li-a dac biet quan tam phat trien nguon nhan luc cd chat lugng cao, la qudc gia tien tien ve khoa hgc va kT thuat (chiem 2,5% cac cdng trinh khoa hgc tren the gidi va da gianh dugc giai Ndben ve Vat li, Y hgc, Hoa hgc) Chinh phii dau tu ldn cho nghien ciru khoa hgc, giao due, dao tao nghe va phat trien cdng nghe thdng tin Hd\ phan tich cdc dgc trung ve ddn cif xd hdi ciia 0-xtrdy-li-a Ill II-KINHTE Khai quat Oxtray-li-a cd nen kinh te phat trien Cac nganh kinh te cd ham lugng tri thirc cao hien dang ddng gdp 50% gia tri GDP Trong nhung nam gan day, O-xtrayli-a cd muc tang trudng kinh te cao va on dinh, ti le thait nghiep thap va trd mdi trudng hap dan doi vdi cac nha dau tu tren the gidi Dich vu Dich vu cd vai trd rat quan trgng, chiem tdi 71% GDP - nam 2004 Mang ludi cac ngan hang, cac chi nhanh tai chinh cang md rgng, thuong mai dien tir rat phat trien Dat nudc rdng ldn, cac phd va khu dan cu nam qua xa nhau, it thuan Igi cho giao thdng dudng sSt va dudng d td, nhung lai tao dieu kien cho nganh hang khdng ndi dia phat trien Hoat ddng ngoai thuong phat trien manh, chu yeu thdng qua cang Xitni Oxtray-lia xuat khau khoang san, luong thuc, thuc pham, may mdc nhap khau thiet bi van tai, nguyen lieu, hoa chat Dat nudc O-xtraylia cd hon 20 trieu dan nhung h^ng nam ddn tdi trieu lugt khach du lich Hinh 12.2 Thanh phd cang Xit-ni 112 Cong nghiep O-xtray-li-a cd trinh phat trien cdng nghiep cao nhung lai la nudc xuait khau nhieu nguyen lieu thd ; dimg hang dau the gidi ve xuait khau than da, kim cuong O-xtray-li-a ciing la nudc xuait khau nhieu uranium, dau thd, tu nhien, vang, quang sat, chi, thiec, dong va mangan Cdng nghiep md chiem 7% GDP (tren 30 ti dd la O-xtray-li-a) va sir dung 4% lao ddng CL \ / \ // o Adelai ^ ^ ^ OXTKAYLIALON BERA ^ BlESi Menbofi' TA\M.V\ ® ( ^ dioTAXMANIA CONG NGHIEP KHAI THAC (D đ (Đ) đ đ Dau mo đ KhitL/nhienC Than đ Sat â Mangan @ e6ng (y) C O N G N G H I E P C H f BI^N Thiec SS eien tir, vien thong Vang let Chfitaom^y Chi-kem e Ho^chat Boxit S D6t, may Njken Thuc pham Uranium