Tài liệu Halsted.Press.H.264.And.MPEG-4.Video.Compression.Video.Coding.For.Next.Generation.Multimedia.eBook-LiB docx

H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression Video Coding for Next-generation Multimedia Iain E G Richardson The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK C 2003 Copyright
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620 This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-470-84837-5 Typeset in 10/12pt Times roman by TechBooks, New Delhi, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production To Phyllis Contents About the Author xiii Foreword xv Preface xix Glossary xxi Introduction 1.1 The Scene 1.2 Video Compression 1.3 MPEG-4 and H.264 1.4 This Book 1.5 References Video Formats and Quality 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Natural Video Scenes 2.3 Capture 2.3.1 Spatial Sampling 2.3.2 Temporal Sampling 2.3.3 Frames and Fields 2.4 Colour Spaces 2.4.1 RGB 2.4.2 YCbCr 2.4.3 YCbCr Sampling Formats 2.5 Video Formats 2.6 Quality 2.6.1 Subjective Quality Measurement 2.6.2 Objective Quality Measurement 2.7 Conclusions 2.8 References 1 9 10 11 11 13 13 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 24 24 • viii CONTENTS Video Coding Concepts 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Video CODEC 3.3 Temporal Model 3.3.1 Prediction from the Previous Video Frame 3.3.2 Changes due to Motion 3.3.3 Block-based Motion Estimation and Compensation 3.3.4 Motion Compensated Prediction of a Macroblock 3.3.5 Motion Compensation Block Size 3.3.6 Sub-pixel Motion Compensation 3.3.7 Region-based Motion Compensation 3.4 Image model 3.4.1 Predictive Image Coding 3.4.2 Transform Coding 3.4.3 Quantisation 3.4.4 Reordering and Zero Encoding 3.5 Entropy Coder 3.5.1 Predictive Coding 3.5.2 Variable-length Coding 3.5.3 Arithmetic Coding 3.6 The Hybrid DPCM/DCT Video CODEC Model 3.7 Conclusions 3.8 References 27 27 28 30 30 30 32 33 34 37 41 42 44 45 51 56 61 61 62 69 72 82 83 The MPEG-4 and H.264 Standards 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Developing the Standards 4.2.1 ISO MPEG 4.2.2 ITU-T VCEG 4.2.3 JVT 4.2.4 Development History 4.2.5 Deciding the Content of the Standards 4.3 Using the Standards 4.3.1 What the Standards Cover 4.3.2 Decoding the Standards 4.3.3 Conforming to the Standards 4.4 Overview of MPEG-4 Visual/Part 4.5 Overview of H.264 / MPEG-4 Part 10 4.6 Comparison of MPEG-4 Visual and H.264 4.7 Related Standards 4.7.1 JPEG and JPEG2000 4.7.2 MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 4.7.3 H.261 and H.263 4.7.4 Other Parts of MPEG-4 4.8 Conclusions 4.9 References 85 85 85 86 87 87 88 88 89 90 90 91 92 93 94 95 95 95 96 97 97 98