After thousands of years of history, the massive citadel and luxuriousbuilding in the palace didn’t exist, but some relics and artifacts that currently exists has reproduced part of the appearance of Thang Long in ancient. Thereby, we can better understand the existence and the development of imperial land over 10 centuries... The Ancient Citadel of Hanoiis a relative broad concept, consisting of various components depending on the interpretation of each person, and no unified definition for this term. According to common understanding, the ancient citadel of Hanoi includesThang Long citythrough the Ly, the Tran, the Le and the Nguyen Dynasty.
Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel HaNoi’s Ancient Citadel The AncientCitadelOf Hanoi (Mai Gia Huy) After thousands of years of history, the massive citadel and luxuriousbuilding in the palace didn’t exist, but some relics and artifacts that currently exists has reproduced part of the appearance of Thang Long in ancient Thereby, we can better understand the existence and the development of imperial land over 10 centuries The Ancient Citadel of Hanoiis a relative broad concept, consisting of various components depending on the interpretation of each person, and no unified definition for this term According to common understanding, the ancient citadel of Hanoi includesThang Long citythrough the Ly, the Tran, the Le and the Nguyen Dynasty The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long from 10th century to 15th century Ly Cong Uan ascended the throne, founder of the Ly dynasty (1009-1225) in the capital of Hoa Lu (NinhBinh) on the second day of November in Year of the Rooster (21-11-1009) The fall in july in 1010, the king announced “chieudoi do” (the projector to move the capital) to move the capital from Hoa Lu (NinhBinh) to Dai La Immediately after the transfer of the Capital, Ly Cong Uan was rushing along the courtiers to build basic works of Thang Long and completed in the early 1011 At the beginning of construction, Thang Long Citadel was built in “Tam trungthanhquach”(three long-circular citadels surrounded Thang Long Citadel every other) model including the outest ring called La Thanh or the city surrounded the whole capital and ran along three rivers: the Red River, the To Lich River and the Kim Ngưu River The citadel was built in soil acted as the embankment in order to prevent water that remnants is the cell door now: Cau Den, CauGiay, Dong Mac, QuanChuong The second: the ImperialCitadel, residents inhabited between this two layers of the city, the remaining layerwas Forbidden Citadel or Long Phuong Citadelwhere the king was The following times divided The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long according to that way Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel After a quiet coup, the Tran ruled and acquired the entire assets of the Ly capital and continued renovations, building according to the new requirements The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long from 15th century to 18th century After winning the enemy Minh, Le Loi still was in Thang Long but renamed Dong Do then Dong Kinh (1430) Basically Dong Do the Le wasn’t much different from Thang Long the Ly, the Tran,the Ho but only thing palace and temples were vandalized all,so the Le gradually repaired and built new contructions From 1490 to the 16th century citadel with many new changes During this time the imperial citadel wall as well as Dai La wall always builtand extended out From 1516 to 1527 the Mac robbedthe throneof the Le, Thang Long Citadel engulfed in chaos Most of the palaces, temples, treasure, andwards were burn and devastated several times In the second half of the 16th century, the complexion of the Southern and Northern Dynasty with a side of Mac and a side of Le-Trinh happened drastically with increasing dominance of Southern Dynasty The Trinh turn captured many northern provinces like NinhBinh, Ha Nam, Bac Ninh and beat until Thang Long The Mac must leave the city to run refuge elsewhere Thang Long days moldered By the year 1585 Mac Mau Hop who was unbearable permanent exile decided to return to Thang Long A large-scale construction phase was launched Since then, Citadel was built no time with the same phase Trinh Tung chased the Mac to Cao Bang and towards takeover of Thang Long in 1599 The Imperial Citadel was repaired in a month to meet the king Le And from that time the new palaceswere all built in the King’shouse The Imperial Citadel was abandoned many times The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long from 18th century to 20th century: THE TRANSITION FROM THANG LONG CITADELTO HANOI PROVINCE In 1788, Le Chieu Thong had recourse to the Thanh, Ton Si Nghi brought 29 thousands people army to occupy Thang Long did not take a fireball Fed onthe military of the Thanh Le Chieu Thong frenziedlygot one’s revenge on theTrinh Le Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel Chieu Thong burned with fire Lord’s house a week out Everything related to Trinh Lord at Thang Long was obliterate Citadel became ashes again In early 1789, QuangTrung-Nguyen Hue to the North Third routed the army of the Thanh, Le Chieu Thong fled to China, the Le dynasty ended, QuangTrungset up the capital in Phu Xuan Thang Long was only Baccity After destroying the Tay Son in 1802,Nguyen Anh was crowned Emperor The capital was still put in Phu Xuan Thang Long still called Thang Long, but the word "Long" is the dragon was transformed into the word "Long" means prosperity that the king wasn’t there Also, what remains of the Imperial Citadel after the great battle destroyedin the late 18th century were subsequently transferred to Phu Xuan by Kings of the Nguyen in order to serve for the construction of a new city Only KinhThien and Hau Lau Court were retained as palace supply for kingsof the Nguyen whenever visited Bac city Gia Long commanded to unmake the walls of the old Imperial Citadel in 1805, saying it was only Tran Bac city but the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long wastoo huge Gia Long ordered to build a new citadel with Vauban style of France About proportion a new citadel was smaller than the old In 1831, Thang Long was renamed Hanoi province by Minh Mang in large administrative reformation This name existed until 1888 when the Nguyen formally ceded Hanoi to France.Hanoi changed the city by The French Until occupied Indochina successfully, they choosedHanoi that was the capital of French Indochina Federation Hanoi was completely demolished to make office land and barracks for the French Whatremains of Hanoi today with the exception of the north gate and flagpole is just archaeological recoveries HaNoi Flag Tower (Nguyễn Thị Diệu Linh) Lady and gentlemen! Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel My name is Linh.To day,I am very happy to accompany you on this journey to visit Imperial Citadel of Thang Long relic Lady and gentlemen, in your eyes is HaNoi Flag Tower First I want to say you about the location and history of HaNoi Flag Tower before you visit it Do you want to hear??? Location and History Hanoi Flag Tower at the age of nearly 200 years is renowned as one of the symbols of Hanoi The construction began in 1805 and completed in 1812, the 11th year of Gia Long time, Nguyen dynasty, five years after construction time of Flag Tower in Hue From 1894 to 1897,the French colonial destroyed most of the construction in Thang Long Imperial Citadel, and Flag Tower is one of rare architecture works which still remain today Moreover, the image of Flag Tower has been embedded in many remarkable historic events; for example, the flag of Vietnam flew on the top of the Flag Tower for the first time in 1945, after The August Revolution’s success, and on October 10th, 1954- the capital libration day; image of Flag Tower is printed on the money paper issued firstly by the Bank of Vietnam Since 1986, there are always a national flag (24m2) flying on the top of Hanoi Flag Tower One flag is only used within two to three weeks on average, so in one year, there are about 20 flags alternately flying in the sky of Hanoi The Hanoi Flag Tower,located inside Army Museum on Dien Bien Phu Street,is another one of the intact parts of the citadel.The Flag Tower has become a symbol of Ha Noi Architecture Flag tower is one of the rare architectural works in Hanoi’s ancient citadel,that fortunate enough not to be destroyed by the French administration between 1894 and 1897.With a noticeable height,it was used by French troops as an observation tower and communication station between command headquarters and adjacent military posts.It was built and composed of platforms and a tower.Each story is a square pyramid,tapered slowly,overlapping each other,covered by bricks.Each side of the first storey is 42.5 m in length, 3.1 m in height,leading up to by two brick storeys.Each side of the second storey is 27 m in lenghth,3.7 m in height,with doors.The words “Nghenh Huc”(meaning “to welcome dawn’s sunlight”)are inscribed on the eastern door.The western door bears the two words “Hoi Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel Quang”(meaning “to reflect light”,and the southern door, “Huong Minh”(meaning “directed to the sunlight”) Each side of the third storey is 12.8 m in length, 5.1 m in height,has a door leading up to the stairs forward the Northern.The flag tower’s body is laid on this storey,about 2m.Inside the body ,there is a stairs with 54 spiral steps up to the top.The whole inside flashed and ventilated by 39 persimmon-shaped holes.The top of flag tower was laid an octagon pavilion, 3.3 m in height,arranged suitably windows on sides.On the center of the pavilion arranged a place to pitch the flag, m in height.So the total height of the flag tower is 33.4 m.If calculated a support for hanging the flag,its height is excess 41 m Flagpole has witnessed many historical events of the nation through many centuries When the August Revolution 1945 was succeeded,brought the democratic republic of Vietnam, the red flag with yellow stars was waved in the wind on the flagpole for the first time.Hanoi Flag Tower is a historic attraction that tourists who arrive in Hanoi should visit once Dear customers! Now my presentation about Doan Mon Gate relic finishes Thank you for accompanying me in this journey today Wish you have a fun visit Now you will have 30 free minutes to visit here.Then we’re going to visit the next destination of HaNoi’s Ancient Citadel with Dung tour guide Doan Mon Gate-Imperial Citadel Of Thang Long(Nguyễn Huy Dũng) Welcome and dear customers! Today I am very happy to accompany you on this journey to visit Imperial Citadel of Thang Long relic First I would like to introduce myself: My name is Dungz (D-U-N-G-Z) I am a tour guide of Saigontourist tourism company During this journey I will introduce to you about Doan Mon Gate that belongs to Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Dear customers! Now let’s queue into horizontal rows arc toward my arms for observing easily, pleased Well, while ago we visited… Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel Dear customer! I will direct you to visit Doan Mon Gate relic This is the south gate to enter Cấm Thành, also known as Tử Cấm Thành (the Forbidden City) Now I would like to ask you a question! According to you, what does the phrase tử cấm thành mean in our language? Well, thanks for your answer! Your answer is quite correct Here is the answer which I would like to offer you with more exact: In the phrase tử cấm thành, the word tử has meanings: the first meaning is “son” in the phrase thiên tử (son of heaven) indicates the king and the second meaning is “death” in the phrase xử tử (death execution), and the phrase cấm thành means “the forbidden city”, so the phrase tử cấm thành means “the forbidden zone is dedicated solely to the king and anyone infringes who would be executed dead” Do you understand yet? Dear customers! According the direction of my hand, you can see on the center point of Doan Mon Gate stone is engraved with Chinese words are Doan Mon Dear customers! This name is used commonly in many ancient history books, in addition to numbers of other names such as: Based on the doorway opening architecture in Le Trung Hung dynasty (1533 – 1789) called Ngu Mon Gate or in Nguyen dynasty (1802 – 1945) called Ghi Mon Gate I would like to ask you one more question: Does anyone remember how many layers is composed in the structure of an ancient citadel? Thanks for your answer! Now I would like to answer this question: In whole planning, Imperial Citadel of Thang Long includes layers: La Thành (the Popular City) is a big citadel layer was built outside the central citadel or around the outside, where the residents live Hoàng Thành (the Royal City) is the residence of mandarins and the royal family Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel Cấm Thành or Tử Cấm Thành (the Forbidden City) which I explained to you a while ago, is reserved for the king Dear customers! You can observe the Doan Mon Gate architecture was built gazebo-style, includes a pavilion wall was built above and a citadel wall was built below, sides of the main gate with brick staircase leads to the nd floor and we shall climb upstairs to visit And now we shall move inward this gate to visit Dear customer! Doan Mon Gate was built horizontally by a U-shaped structure with a gate was built symmetrical arches As you can observe, building materials are bricks and these were the common bricks of Le dynasty in the 15th century Dear customers! Now we are standing at the largest gate that is the door reserved for the king, and at sides of the center gateway with smaller gates reserved for mandarins and the royal family Now please climb upstairs to the 2nd floor and the 3rd floor to visit Doan Mon Pavilion Dear customers! We are on the 2nd floor courtyard of Doan Mon Pavilion This large courtyard where we stand, is where the king dwells to command soldiers before battles, welcome returning victorious generals and soldiers or watching martial art performances and folk games Now we shall continue to visit the 3rd floor Dear customers! We are climbing upstairs to the 3rd floor It is a small staircase was built relatively discreet on the inside Well, the 3rd floor was built by the gazebo-style with two-floor and eight-roof roof, all roof corners were decorated with dragon figures Dear customers! For over 1.000 years, many dynastic changes and many times destroyed, Doan Mon Gate has always been renovated and built august to deserve Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel with its important position Doan Mon Gate was renovated on the occasion of the Big celebration of 1.000 years of Thang Long – Hanoi, beyond Doan Mon Gate was restored to open promptly with rear relics and Bắc Môn (Northern Gate) has served to inbound and outbound tours Dear customers! Now my presentation about Doan Mon Gate relic finishes Thank you for accompanying me in this journey today Wish you have a fun visit Now you will have 30 free minutes to visit here, then please move downstairs to the 1st floor to hear the presentation about the next point Kinh Thien Palace (Nguyễn Thị Hồng Nhung) Hi everybody, I’m Nhung Today I’m very happy to accompany with you in this tour to visit Thang Long – Hanoi Imperial Citadel.And now I will share with you about my understanding of Kinh Thien Palace Ladies and Gentlemen! Kinh Thien Palace is the central area among the overall vestiges in Thang Long – Hanoi Imperial Citadel It used to be a palace of great significance where the court held the most solemn rituals, welcomed foreign emissaries and gave audience to discuss affairs of state According to history According to “The Complete History of Dai Viet”, Kinh Thien Palace started to be built in 1428 under the reign of King Le Thai To and completed under the reign of King Le Thanh Tong It was built on the former foundation of Can Nguyen – Thien An Palace under Ly – Tran Dynasties in Nung Mountain Architecture Kinh Thien Palace is the central monument and the core in the overall historic sites within Hanoi Ancient Citadel Doan Mon (the Main Gate) and the Flag Tower of Hanoi are situated in the front of Kinh Thien Palace, Hau Lau (Princess’ Palace) and Cua Bac (Northern Gate) at the back, walls and smaller gates in the east and west Along with some other relics in the ancient citadel, all these gates were classified as a historical monument by French Protective State in 1925 Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel Traces of KinhThienPalace are now only the old foundation The foundation of the palace was 57m long, 41.5, wide and 2.3m high The steps were built with granite and formed three entrances In the south, the palace foundation still had handrail corridor of higher than 100 cm In the front, the south of KinhThienPalace was the palace threshold built with large slates with 10 steps; the stone dragons divided the steps into alleys, forming the Royal Threshold The steps were 13.7m long, 4.45m wide and 2.1m high with the two stone dragons carved in 1467 which were still relatively intact artifacts Look over there, please This is thestone dragons Its were a masterpiece, representing the sculpture under early Le Dynasty Carved with green rock, the dragons had raised big heads, round convex eyes, long horns, and mane gliding back The dragon body formed many small curves, smaller toward the palace foundation; on the back, there was a long fin heaving like clouds or fire In the north of KinhThienPalace, there was another threshold of steps, smaller than the main threshold in the south The two sides of the threshold had two stone dragons dating King Le Trung Hung’s time (XVII century – XVIII century); the dragons were 3.4m long with curves; the body had fin and scales; the feet had claws, etc The two sides of the handrails were decorated with lotus, waves, swords, fire and clouds, etc Thank you for listening And we’re going to visit the next destination of Hanoi’s Ancient Citadel with Bích tour guide Northern Gate (Ngơ Thị Bích) Lady and gentlemen! My name is Bich I am a tour guide of Group Today I am very happy to accompany you on this journey to visit Imperial Citadel of Thang Long relic I will introduce to you about Northern Gate that belongs to Imperial Citadel of Thang Long In front of you is Northern Gate relic This is the one of five external gates in Nguyen Dynasty citadel that survived the French military’s attack and colonical Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel authority’s subsequent destruction of the wall The Gate was built during the Nguyen dynasty based on foundation of Northern Gate in Le dynasty It was completed in 1805 In front of the North Gate, a brick bridge crossed a 20m moat which surrounded the citadel By observation, we can see that the the moat was located at the lawn, sidewalks and a part of Phan Dinh Phung Street Some say that the bridge over the moat to the North Gate was a solid brick bridge, not a suspension bridge; the moat was not dug for defensive purpose However, many other think that, though it was not a suspension bridge, but the target’s defensive moat encircling the ancient citadel was essential – it helped to limit the enemy to approach the rampart The Northern Gate took on the model “ vọng lâu”, which above is upper pavilion and below is rampart The Gate is made of brick with stone arched doors It is 8,5m long, 17m high and 20,48m wide The base of the structure is trapezoid in shape , slanting 15 degrees Above the central door is a stone tablet with three Chinese word “ Chinh Bac Mon” (The Northern Gate) and decorative liana figures carved in it Do you see two holes on the citadel wall? Do you know what are holes? Well, thanks for your answer! Your answer is quite correct! The holes are the remain which is the impact of two cannon balls fired by French troops from the Red River when they fighted Ha Noi citadel secondly The vestige can still be seen It reflected a hard historical period when local people must protect against attacking of French army Now, Follow me.We will come upper pavilion Lady and gentlement! We are standing in Upper pavilion Look on your left In this location, in 1998-1999, archaeologists discovered a water pipe built with large bricks in 17th-19th century And now, looking forward In the past, this pavilion used for guard and watch area security but today Upper pavilion is used as a worshipping place for the two Governor of Ha Noi, Nguyen Tri Phuong and Hoang Dieu, who committed suicide when the Citadel fell into the hands of the French troop secondly On your left is Nguyen Tri Phuong and on your right is Hoang Dieu In commermoration of them, Viet Nam Association of Science and history; and Culture Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel and Information Office had this statue cast and held a statue seating ceremony at Northern Gate of citadel on December 23,2003 Lady and gentlement! Our visiting to Northern Gate is over You’ll have 10 minutes to visit freely I’ll wait you at foot of Northern Gate Citadel ... an ancient citadel? Thanks for your answer! Now I would like to answer this question: In whole planning, Imperial Citadel of Thang Long includes layers: La Thành (the Popular City) is a big citadel. .. Along with some other relics in the ancient citadel, all these gates were classified as a historical monument by French Protective State in 1925 Ha Noi’s Ancient Citadel Traces of KinhThienPalace... the King’shouse The Imperial Citadel was abandoned many times The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long from 18th century to 20th century: THE TRANSITION FROM THANG LONG CITADELTO HANOI PROVINCE In 1788,