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Clarify the process of economic structural transformationin Bac Giang through various steps from 1997 to 2015; clarify the achievements, limitations and impacts of the process on the local socio-economic, and security and defense situation; initially draw some historical experience from the process of implementing the Clarify the process of economic structural transformationin Bac Giang through various steps from 1997 to 2015.
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES NGUYEN THI VAN THE PROCESS OF ECONOMIC STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN BAC GIANG PROVINCE FROM 1997 TO 2015 Major: Vietnamese history Code: 22 90 13 SUMMARY OFDOCTORAL THESIS OF HISTORY HA NOI - 2018 Thesis research was done at: Faculty of history - Graduate Academy of Social Sciences – Vietnam Academy of social sciences Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.PhD Vu Quang Hien Reviewer 1: Assoc.Prof.PhD Hoang Hong Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof.PhD Tran Đuc Cuong Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof.PhD Nguyen Manh Ha The dissertation is defended before the DissertationReviewing Board, university-level, at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at on (date/month/year) The dissertation can be found at: National Library Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences INTRODUCTION The rationale of the dissertation Bac Giang is a northern mountainous midland province that was reestablished in 1997 (separated from Ha Bac province) Implementing the renovation policy, Bac Giang has mobilized all resources, striving to accelerate the growth rate and economic structural transformationin the direction of industrialization, amodernization, sustainable development However, due to many difficulties including a lowstarting point with purely agricultural economy, the industrial and service development in the province isvery slow, and not corresponding with the potential and strength of the province The survey and field study in Bac Giang showthat the implementation of economic structural transformationin some areas is still inadequate, which has not yet generated a rapid pace of economic restructuring and economic efficiency This means that the requirements for economic structural change are very necessary, which must be in line with the economic development requirements and aspirations of the people in the province The process ofeconomic structural transformationin Bac Giang province has brought about the problems that need to be analyzed, answered and clarified on the scientific basis for addressing the issues of perception and practical activity for business development of the province today In that sense, I chose the topic"The process ofeconomic structural transformation in Bac Giang province from 1997 to 2015" to sum up this problem from the historical perspective in Bac Giang, identify the success, together with its characteristics, impacts, constraints, and causes, so that the study can provide historical data for planning solutions to promote local economic structural change in the future Objectives and missions of the dissertation 2.1 Objectives: - Clarify the process of economic structural transformationin Bac Giang through various steps from 1997 to 2015; - Clarify the achievements, limitations and impacts of the process on the local socio-economic, and security and defense situation; - Initially draw some historical experience from the process of implementing the economic structural change of the locality 2.2 Missions: - Collect, process and evaluate documents related to the transformation process of Vietnam in general and Bac Giang province in particular - Analyze the factors affecting the economic structural transformationin general, and the economic structural change in two periods: from 1997 to 2005 and from 2006 to 2015 - Assess the achievements and limitations of the provincial economic structural transformationprocess; identify the characteristics and impacts of that process on local socio-economic development Subjects and scope of the dissertation 3.1 Research objects: The transformation of economic structure of Bac Giang province in terms of economic structure, economic zones and economic sectors 3.2 Research scope - Regarding time: from 1997 to 2015 - Regarding space: Bac Giang province, including Bac Giang city, and districts in the province However, the dissertation also compares the province with the whole country, provinces in the midland and mountainous areas of the North, and some neighboring provinces to see the structural transformation of Bac Giang in the general picture of the regional and the whole country - Regarding contents: the research focuses on restructuring of economic sectors, economic zones and the related issues such as investment structure, labor structure, etc in close relationship with each other Methodology 4.1 Methodological basis: The dissertation is based on historical methodology; the methodology of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thoughts, views and policies of the Party and the State of Vietnam 4.2 Research methodology: The dissertation uses the historical method combined with the logical method In addition, the dissertation also uses the methods of analysis, comparison, statistics, field investigation, etc Contributions to the science of the dissertation - Factors influencing economic structural transformation in Bac Giang province: natural, economic and social conditions; the situation of economic structural transformationbefore 1997, the views, and guidelines of the VietnamCommunist Party, the State, and the Party Committee of Bac Giang province - Process of implementing the economic structural transformationfrom 1997 to 2015, with specific results of each period - The achievements, limitations and impacts of the economic structural transformationprocess in Bac Giang province - Providethe readers and researchers with the source of objective and abudent documentations in the field of the process of economic structural transformation in Bac Giang province from 1997 to 2015 Theoretical and practical meanings of the dissertation 6.1 Theoretical meaning - To clarify the theoretical issues on Bac Giang's structural transformation process from 1997 to 2015, i.e., its characteristics and the meaning of the process Then, propose solutions to promote the provincial economic restructuring in the coming years 6.2 Practical significance - The research results can be used as reference materials for provincial departments to write local history; they can be used as teaching materials, too Structure of the dissertation In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, References and Annexes, the dissertation is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of literature related to the dissertation contents Chapter 2: Economic restructuring in Bac Giang province from 1997 to 2005 Chapter 3: Economic restructuring in Bac Giang province from 2006 to 2015 Chapter 4:Comments and Implications Chapter OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION CONTENTS 1.1 Overview of research related to thedissertation contents 1.1.1 Research oneconomic structural transformation in Vietnam In the whole country as well as in other regions, there are many works of scientists studying economic structural transformation in Vietnam from many different angles Focusing on the main research missions of the dissertation, the author has studied the economic structural transformation works in Vietnam in the renovation years, which not only relates to the dissertation contents but also provides the author with thinking of research methodology 1.1.2 Research on economic structural transformation in Bac Giang Province During the research, the author also paid attention to and focused on the published books and works on Bac Giang related to thedissertation The research has provided important historical documents that help the author to reproduce the province's structural transformation process 1.2 Overall assessment of the research works related to the dissertation and further studied issues 1.2.1 Dissertation issues inherited from previous studies In every aspect of the study, these works provided valuable data to researchers, which are valuable for the implementation of this dissertation These are valuable research results that can be inherited and developed However, the research results mainly focus on studying the structural transformation of Vietnam in general and in some key economic zones with favorable conditions, having a high starting point when carrying out real implementation In certain provinces, or in certain economic-territorial regions in disadvantaged areas where infrastructure and educational levelare low, there are not many works mentioned By studying and researching the above works, the author gets some material and knowledge necessary to form a common understanding, helping the author to deeply study the dissertation It is also a source of information to compare and learn the methodology to approach the problems while presenting the dissertation Research oneconomic structural changes in Bac Giang province have good reference value, providing valuable materials and important suggestions that help the author in the research process In general, the research shows that many works are valuable materials and have prompted many issues that are charismatic; the published works are from an economic and historical perspective The use of various levels has provided the necessary basis for theoretical and practical methods to deepen the dissertation research However, up to now, the author has not found any works belonging to the Vietnamese literature coincide with the name of the dissertation There are no historical works that have been studied in a complete, systematic and thorough manner, in terms of economic structural transformation in Bac Giang province from the re-establishment of the province in 1997 to 2015 Therefore, the author selects this issue in order to ensure both novelty and scientificity In the process of research, the author will inherit the previous research results to approach and complete the project "The process of economic structural transformation in Bac Giang province from 1997 to 2015" 1.2.2 Dissertation issues that should be studied in depth Inheritance of the achievements of the previous researchers, and in comparisonwith the objectives and research missions of the dissertation, the previous works leave the gap that the dissertation must continue to solve First, systematize the historical process of factors affecting economic structural changein Bac Giang province from the reestablishment of the province to 2015: on the geographical position and natural conditions of the province; on the economic situation and structural economic development of the province at the time of reestablishment of the province; on the policy and guidelines of the Party in the socio-economic development in general, in the northern midland and mountainous economic areas, and some specific policies in Bac Giang; on the leadership of the provincial Party Committee for economic structural transformation, etc Second, clarify the process of economic structural change in Bac Giang province from the re-establishment of the province from 1997 to 2015, including economic structure, economic zones, and economic sectors; the characteristics and mainstream circuit of the process; the appropriateness of the transition and future development orientation Third, evaluate the results of the economic structural transformation process in Bac Giang province (1997 - 2015); The impact of that process on the socio-economic development of the province Chapter ECONOMIC STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONIN BAC GIANG PROVINCE FROM 1997 TO 2005 2.1 Historical background and factors affecting the economic restructuring in Bac Giang province 2.1.1 Brief overview of the history when re-establishing Bac Giang province After re-establishment, Bac Giang has 10 district-level administrative units, including Bac Giang town and 09 districts When re-established, Bac Giang was still a poor province with a low starting point and a backward economic structure 2.1.2 Factors affecting the economic structural transformation in Bac Giang province The process of economic structural transformationof the whole country in general as well as in Bac Giang province in particular are always affected by the factors of natural conditions; infrastructure and social conditions; the economic development of the Party in the period of renovation, and policies of Bac Giang’s Party Division; Situation of economic structure of Bac Giang province before 1997 2.2 Economic restructuring 2.2.1 Economic sectors 2.2.1.1 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries Agriculture, forestry and fisheries marked the most significant development in the provincial economic development plan Bac Giang's agriculture, forestry and fishery sector made a positive but slow move 2.2.1.2 Industry - construction The scale of industry - construction was still small, accounting for the low proportion of GRDP in the whole province with small industrial 2.2.3 Economic zones 2.2.3.1 The industrial-service economic zones located on National Highway 1A In structural transformation, the province identified industrial development as a breakthrough sector, which was an active element of integration with the outside The development objectives of the area were to: - Speed up the detailed planning and prepare the necessary conditions for the early establishment of industrial parks, industrial clusters, traditional craft villages in locality, contributing to the economic structural change in the positive direction 2.2.3.2 Areas of agricultural production Areas of agricultural production were those with the potential of expanding fruit tree area, early winter rice area and high value winter crop such as: peanut, soybean, hybrid corn, fruits and vegetables, etc Objectives of the development of agricultural production areas were: "Planning the production area of clean agricultural products to have more products for domestic consumption and for exports." Summary of chapter The process of economic structural transformationin Bac Giang province is affected by both objective and subjective factors, which contain advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and challenges In the period of 1997 - 2005, Bac Giang province economic restructuring changed in aspects: economic structure, economic zones, and economic sectors The initial results of the structural transformation process were an important basis for the new development of the province in the next stage Transformation of the economic structure: Agriculture gradually shifted from traditional agriculture to commodity agriculture Industry10 construction step by step promoted to increase the proportion in the economic structure of the province Service sector gained important results in rearranging the state-owned trading system, wholesale and retail market, contributing to stabilizing the market in the province, boosting the export Transformation of the economic zones: the concentrated commodity agriculture sub-zones were established to exploit the labor and land strengths of each area in the direction of raising productivity and product quality The industrial and service economic zones located on National Highway 1A initially invested in large industrial zones and clusters, initially opening up great prospects for attracting investment capital into the province Transformation of economic sectors: There was a positive change in the implementation of restructuring and reform of SOEs However, the state economy did not bring into full play the leading role in the local economy For small locally state-owned economy, operating efficiency was not high Private sector was encouraged to expand, focused on developing rural trades, created jobs and improved the lives of the people The foreign-invested economy was still small but there were signs of development with the increasing number of projects attracting foreign direct investment into the province 11 Chapter ECONOMIC STUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN BAC GIANG PROVINCE FROM 2006 TO 2015 3.1 New requirements for implementing economic structural transformation 3.1.1 Historical background that influences the process of economic structural transformation Towards the beginning of the 21st century, the province's foreign investment attraction has seen initial development; however, in the process of attracting investment, the selection of projects with good quality and efficiency is a big challenge In order to be a good destination for investment, Bac Giang province should accelerate its competitiveness in the business environment and access high quality production resources at reasonable prices 3.1.2 The new requirements that promote economic structural transformation in the direction of industrialization and modernization In the early years of the 21st century, provincial economic restructuring shifted in a positive direction, but the industryconstruction sector was still at a low development level Therefore, economic structural change was indispensable to further develop the economy of the province 3.2 Economic restructuring 3.2.1 Economic structure 3.2.1.1 Agriculture - forestry - fishery The striking result of the economic structural change in agriculture was the simultaneous increase of the share of the forestry and fishery sector and the decline in the share of the agricultural sector 12 However, the rate of change was still slow;the share of agriculture, forestry and fishery in FPD remained high compared to the whole country’s rate 3.2.1.2 Industry - construction Industry in Bac Giang in this period was considered as a spearhead economic sector with a fast and stable economic growth rate The ongoing industrial restructuring has contributed significantly to the growth and economic development of the locality in particular and the country in general 3.2.1.3 Service In the period of 2006 - 2015, the diversified service sector attracted many economic sectors to meet the increasing requirements of socio-economic development 3.2.2 Economic sectors 3.2.2.1 Government sector In general, the process of restructuring, reforming and enhancing SOEs' effectiveness removed most of the enterprises operating ineffectively, causing prolonged losses The process also increased investment in technological innovation and increased labor productivity, promoting provincial economic structural change However, the equitization of SOEs was still slow and not highly effective 3.2.2.2 Collective sector The collective economy achieved good results in the process of production development, renewing the face of the countryside Many cooperatives developed quite stably, contributing significantly to the socio-economic development and the structural transformation of Bac Giang province 13 3.2.2.3 Private sector Private sector had a strong development and significant contribution to growth and structural transformation of the province at this stage Contribution to revenue collection from enterprises and individuals producing and trading goods and services increased rapidly, accounting for 6.11% of total state budget revenues in the area 3.2.2.4 Foreign-invested sector In the period of 2006 - 2015, Bac Giang attracted 198 foreign direct investment projects, with a total registered capital of $2,341.75 million, which was 19.8 times in terms of the number of projects and 88, times in terms of registered capital higherthan 1997-2005 period 3.2.3 Economic zones 3.2.3.1 Industrial Economic zones - Services along the National Highway 1A and Bac Giang City The development of industrial zones and clusters brought new vitality to the economy, promoting the economic structural change of the province in a positive way The development of industrial zones and clusters also formed industrial plant material areas such as peanut and soybean; fruit trees such as litchi, etc associated with the processing industry 3.2.3.2 Area of agricultural production A number of large-scale commodity agricultural production areas were established These products have recently been characterized such as Luc Ngan litchi, Yen Dung rice, Tan Yen peanut, Lang Giang mushroom, Dien Luc orange and grapefruit, Luc Nam pineapple, Yen The hen, etc 14 Summary of chapter Based on the results of economic structural transformationin the years 1997 - 2005, in the period of 2006-2015, Bac Giang continued to have new guidelines and policies to promote the potential and advantages of the province to foster the socio-economic development of the locality The effects of implementing the economic structural changewere clearer in the modern direction, reflected in the fields of economic structure, economic sectors and economic zones Transformation of the economic structure: a shift in the right and reasonable direction However, the restructuring of the sector did not go into the depth of social labor division, based on exploiting the comparative advantage of the locality Transformation of economic sectors: Continued the path for SOEs arrangement and management; continued to renovate the cooperative management mechanism under the Cooperative Law Private sector developed The foreign-invested sector grew and increased its contribution to the economy Transformation of economic zones: There were relatively stable developments in both agricultural production and service-economic zones 15 Chapter COMMENTS AND IMPLICATIONS 4.1 Comments on the economic structural transformation of Bac Giang province 4.1.1 Some achievements and limitations of the economic structural transformationprocess of the province The process of economic structural change in Bac Giang province in the years 1997 - 2015 achieved important results Firstly, Bac Giang's economic restructuring took place in a positive trend Secondly, the economic structural change in Bac Giang formed the specialized production areas, of which wasthe largest fabric production area in the country Thirdly, the economic structural change of the province promoted the potential of economic sectors, creating more and more suitable production relations Fourthly, the economic structural change in Bac Giang was linked to the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, gradually bringing about prosperity for the rural economy of the province Beside achievements, the process of economic structural transformation in Bac Giang had some limitations Firstly, the deployment of economic structural change activities at some time was still confusing and not really flexible; the management and planning were not really scientific, leading to many adjustments and modifications Secondly, the process of shifting economic structure followed a positive trend but not sustainably 4.1.2 Impacts of economic structural transformation in Bac Giang province 16 The process of economic structural transformation in Bac Giang had impacts on economic growth and development, socio-culture, defense and security of the province 4.2 Experiences and problems 4.2.1 Some experience Firstly, the process of leading and directing the activities of economic structural transformation must be based on local realities, with appropriate policies and measures to effectively implement economic structural change; Secondly, in the process of implementing economic structural transformation, it is necessary to integrate production development, step by step making the relations of production more progressive; Thirdly, to develop all resources in the community must be based on the people to carry out effective economic structural transformation; Fourthly, care must be taken to build up the Party, consolidate the government, build up the contingent of cadres who can meet all requirements and tasks of the locality 4.2.2 The problems Bac Giang province's economic restructuring process in the years 1997 - 2015 still has some problems, and there is a need to take measures to overcome them First of all, the problem of human resource developmentstill faces many difficulties which have great impacts on the process of structural transformation of the province Secondly, the issue of environmental security, despite being considered in the process of implementing economic structural change, remains a risk Thirdly, the tendency of the state economic sector in Bac Giang has not shown the leading role in the economy of the province 17 Summary of chapter The process of economic structural transformation in Bac Giang in the years 1997 - 2015 has achieved important achievements, but there are also some limitations that have great impacts on economic growth and development; on culture and society; on national defense and security These impacts contribute to the overall development of Bac Giang on the path of integration and implementation of industrialization and modernization Therefore, the synthesis of local experiences in implementing economic structural transformation is a necessary requirement The transformation process of Bac Giang province in the years 1997 - 2015 has created a change in the "quality" of the economy, making the people's life significantly improved However, in the process of carrying out the activities of economic structural transformation in the locality, there are still some problems to be solved, such as: human resource development, environmental security and the tendency that the state economic sector in Bac Giang has not shown the leading role in the economy of the province 18 CONCLUSIONS The process of economic structural transformationof Bac Giang province from 1997 to 2005 took place in all aspects From an economic point of view, it has become a province with a high proportion of industry and services, accounting for 76.4%, and agriculture - forestry - fishery is only 23.6% The economic growth rate of the province has been relatively high in comparison with the whole country, about 9% per year in recent years Under the conditions of transition mechanism when the serious consequences of the previous periodneeded to be overcome, and the traditional markets from the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe were suddenly shrinking, the province has achieved such growth that plays a very important and significant role in the overall development of the whole province By 2015, the per capita income reached VND 31.08 million, higher than the average level of midland and mountainous provinces in the North (VND 19.36 million in 2014) The poverty rate decreased considerably from 15.32% in 1997 to 7.9% in 2015, equivalent to the national average of 7% in 2015, and much lower than the average of Northern Midlands and Mountains (16% by 2015) Transformation of economic structure in three aspects: economic structure, economic sectors, and economic zones Economic restructuring has been carried out in the direction of increasing the proportion of industry and services, reducing the proportion of agriculture, forestry and fishery while maintaining the growth rate of all economic sectors The structural shift is due to the high growth of the industry and the services sector over the agriculture and forestry sector This is a shift in the right direction and in accordance with the 19 requirements to accelerate the economic growth and the process of industrialization and modernization of the province The development of economic sectorsbased on the diversification of ownership forms is a great policy of economic reform in general and economic structure reform in particular The most important measure in the years 1997 - 2015 in Bac Giang was to organize and rearrange stateowned enterprises After nearly 20 years of reorganization and restructuring, the number of state-owned enterprises reduced to only 36% of the time of re-establishment (down from 72 in 1997 to 26 in 2015) The business efficiency of some enterprises after reorganization has raised However, not all state-owned enterprises, after reorganizing and rearranging, have achieved efficiency in production and business, especially some small and medium-sized enterprises which have suffered from waxing lossesand needed to merge, dissolve, or cease operation, etc This fact requires that the implementation of business reorganization must be continued and improved The results of structural transformation have concentrated on the transformation of the economic sector in a positive direction, consistent with the process of promoting industrialization and modernization This shift has contributed to the formation of a dynamic economic zones in large industrialized areas, industrial clusters and agro-industrial zones These include the largest concentrated fruit growing areas in the Northern provinces, the largest litchi production area in the country, Yen Dung fragrant rice production area, the vegetable processing and export area in Bac Giang city, the formation of farms of high ranking in the country,and industrial zones and clusters of Bac Giang city Particularly, this transformation has created favorable conditions for the private economic sector and foreign-invested economy to develop 20 strongly in the province and become an important driving force for Bac Giang's fast and sustainable economic development In addition to the successes, in the process of structural transformation of Bac Giang province from 1997 to 2015, there are some shortcomings: In general, beside the achievements, the provincial socio-economic development has changed slowly, unstably and not in line with the requirements set for some fields The economy is still heavy on traditional activities that bring low value, but light on new activities that bring high value to push for economic development breakthrough Moreover, the broad-based growth model in the early stages of development is suitable to the conditions of the agricultural province which is located in the Northern Midlands and Mountains and has low average incomes; however, a growing economy based mainly on capital and labor will not ensure sustainable development in the future This is a great challenge for the process of implementing economic structural change towards industrialization and modernization ofBac Giang In order to get out of this situation, the province needs to strengthen both the pull and push forces of the economy, in which standardization of product quality, trade promotion, and market search for key products must be top priorities On the other hand, the implementation of economic structural change activities at some time is still confusing and not really flexible; the management and planning are not scientific, which leads to many adjustments and modifications affecting the general planning strategy of the province Advantages and limitations, successes and failures of the process of economic structural change of the province have great significance for the socio-economic development and security of the 21 locality The success of Bac Giang during the implementation of structural transformation activities has shown the capability of timely grasping the opportunities, and advantages; as well as overcoming the difficulties and challenges to bring great successes to the restructuring of the province's economy to have great impacts on the political, economic, cultural, and social development, and security of the locality The practice of economic structural change in Bac Giang province also poses a number of issues that need to be further researched and solved, especially the development of high quality human resources in the future, environmental security issues in the process of implementing economic structural change and economic development; the tendency of the SOE sector to improve the performance of SOEs must be of primary concern Although there are some limitations in the implementation process, it can be said that the success of the process of implementing the economic structural change of Bac Giang province from 1997 to 2015 is fundamental This success is created by the creativity and efforts of the whole political system in which the leadership of the Communist Party and the participation of governments at all levels play a decisive role The collectiveand close cooperation with high responsibilityof the people are of great significance In each period during 20 years of re-establishment, after overcoming difficulties and challenges, Bac Giang achieved great socio-economic achievements, marking the progressivedevelopment of the province, and contributing positively to the development of the country Each period is passing through with the valuable lessons to help Bac Giang firmly step up the next step Promoting the resilient revolutionary tradition, the glorious historical tradition of the homeland, 22 the abundant labor and land resources, the dynamic spirit of creativity, solidarity in the construction and defense of the country will create the power to help the Party, government and people of Bac Giang province develop the socio-economy fast and sustainable, together with the whole country striving for the goal of "prosperous people, strong country and democratic, fair and civilized society." 23 LIST OF AUTHOR’S PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE THESIS Nguyen Thi Van (2016), Agricultrural economic structural transformation in Bac Giang province toward improving value added: issues and solutions, Review of regional sustainable development, No.6(2), 6-2016, p37-44 Nguyen Thi Van (2016), The economic structural transformation of industry in Bac Giang province in the period of 2005 – 2015, Journal of science and technology - Thai Nguyen University, No.154(09), 09 – 2016, p.147 – 154 Nguyen Thi Van (2016), Situation and some solutions to develop the service sector contributing economic structural transformation in Bac Giang, Journal of Labor and Trade Union, No.597(1), 06-2016, p.18-19 Nguyen Thi Van (2017), Solutions to promote the economic structural transformation in Bac Giang province towards industrialization and modernization to 2020 with a vision to 2030, Journal of science and technology - Thai Nguyen University, No 170(10), 10 – 2017, p.97 - 102 Nguyen Thi Van (2017), The impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Economic Development, Journal of Culture and arts magazine No 399, 09-2017, p.3-7 Nguyen Thi Van (2017), Party Committee of Bac Giang province leaders economic structural transformation (20062015),Journal of Vietnam communist party’s history, No 323, 102017, p.110-113 24 ... business development of the province today In that sense, I chose the topic "The process ofeconomic structural transformation in Bac Giang province from 1997 to 2015" to sum up this problem from. .. Factors affecting the economic structural transformation in Bac Giang province The process of economic structural transformationof the whole country in general as well as in Bac Giang province in. .. in Bac Giang province (1997 - 2015) ; The impact of that process on the socio -economic development of the province Chapter ECONOMIC STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONIN BAC GIANG PROVINCE FROM 1997 TO 2005