Banking liqidity and its determinants in viet nam

MINISTER OF EDUCATION STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY GRADUATE THESIS BANKING AND FINANCE Major ID: 52340201 BANK LIQUIDITY AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN VIET NAM Student’s Name: Vo Thi Nhu Quynh Student ID: 030631150287 Supervisor: PhD Le Ha Diem Chi Tp.Hồ Chí Minh, October, 2019 ABSTRACT SUMMARY This research is taken to achieve the particular goals followed by: (i) Finding out and examining the determinants of liquidity of Vietnam commercial banks.(ii) Proposing practical recommendations and policies for improving liquidity system of Vietnam commercial banks The sample of the research was collected from financial report Vietnamese commercial banks in the period from 2010-2018 The research using the method of description, synthesis, comparison, analysis to raise the factors affecting the liquidity of commercial banks and build a research model Quantitative method: Implementing the multivariate regression model, the regression process uses multivariate regression analysis for panel data including: Implementation of Pooled OLS, FEM, REM and FLGS models The estimation results show that the variables have a positive impact on the bank liquidity such as return on asset, operating expenses, size, deposit and gross domestic product Besides, the variables that have the opposite effect on the bank liquidity are the loans In general, it can be seen that the return on asset variable has the most powerful impact on the bank liquidity This shows that when the commercial banks operate effectively, the profits of banks will increase When the profit of a commercial bank increases, the quality of its liquidity system will be guaranteed, which makes the bank liquidity of commercial banks increase This research contributes to build an academic document by examining the determinants and what extent to Vietnam commercial banks’ liquidity According to the estimated results, research also suggests recommendations and policies to enhance the liquidity quality, thence to mitigate loan default, bankruptcy and improve bank operation efficiency ii DISCLOSURE This thesis is belong to the author's own research, the result is honest and there is no previously published content or the content done by other people except the citations which are fully cited in the thesis Tp Hồ Chí Minh, Day … Month … 2019 Author of thesis Vo Thi Nhu Quynh iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS\ The author would like to thank the teachers from Ho Chi Minh City Banking University for admitting valuable knowledge to me during the previous time, that knowledge is not only the foundation that not only helps me It can help carry out this research project but also be useful for my work in the future I would like to express my most sincere thanks to PhD Le Thi Diem Chi, who has been dedicated to giving me guidance, leadership, and suggestions during the course of the dissertation, from the implementation of the proposal, the search for talent, data until the completion of this thesis statement According to the limited knowledge, it is challenging to avoid shortcomings in the dissertation process, I look forward to receiving further advice and suggestions from teachers to help me superlative and achieve better as a result iv COMMENTS OF SUPERVISOR Tp HCM, day …… month …… year …… Supervisor v CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 THE RECOMMENDATION OF RESEARCH 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE .2 1.3.2 PARTICULAR OBJECTIVE 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.5 RESEARCH’S SUBJECT AND RANGE 1.5.1 RESEARCH SUBJECT 1.5.2 RESEARCH MODEL 1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1.7 RESEARCH CONTENT 1.8 MAJOR THEMES OF THE RESEARCH CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BANK LIQUIDITY .7 2.1.1 THE DEFINITION OF BANK LIQUIDITY .7 2.1.2 THE ROLE OF BANK LIQUIDITY FOR VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS .7 2.1.3 SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF LIQUIDITY AND NET LIQUIDITY STATUS 2.1.3.1 The supply of liquidity 2.1.3.2 Liquidity demand 2.1.3.3 Net liquidity status .9 2.2 FACTORS AFFECTING ON BANK LIQUIDITY .10 2.2.1 GROUP OF FACTORS INSIDE THE BANK 10 2.2.1.1 External Funding Dependence (EFD) 10 2.2.1.2 Equity to Total Assets (ETA) 11 2.2.1.3 The the weight of operating expenses compared to total assets (CEA) 11 2.2.1.4 Loans loss provision to total loans (LLPTL) 11 2.2.1.5 T deposite (TDES) 11 vi 2.2.1.6 Return on Equity (ROE) 11 2.2.1.7 Return on asset (ROA) 12 2.2.1.8 Bank size (SIZE) 12 2.2.1.9 Net Interest Margin (NIM) .12 2.2.2 GROUP OF FACTORS OUTSIDE THE BANK .12 2.2.2.1 M2 money supply .12 2.2.2.2 Economic growth (GDP) 12 2.2.2.3 Inflation (INF) 13 2.3 LITERATURE REVIEW .13 2.3.1 DOMESTIC RESEARCH 13 2.3.2 FOREIGN RESEARCH 14 3.1 PROPOSING A RESEARCH MODEL OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING ON LIQUIDITY OF COMMERCIAL BANK VIET NAM .17 3.2 DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES 18 3.2.1 THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE .18 3.2.1.1 THE BANK LIQUIDITY (LIQ) 18 3.2.1.2 THE RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) 18 3.2.1.3 BANK SIZE (SIZE) 18 3.2.1.4 THE PERCENTAGE OF LOANS IN RELATION (TLA) 18 3.2.1.5 THE WEIGHT OF OPERATING EXPENSES (CEA) .18 3.2.1.6 THE SHARE OF DEPOSITES (TDES) 19 3.2.1.7 THE GROWTH ECONOMY (GDP) 19 3.2.1.8 THE RATE OF INFLATION ( INF) .19 3.3 RESEARCH METHODOLODY 20 3.3.1 DETERMINE THE SAMPLE SIZE 20 3.3.2 METHODOLOGY 23 3.3.2.1 FUNDAMENTAL OF PANEL DATA 23 3.3.2.2 TECHNIQUES USED FOR PANEL REGRESSION 23 3.3.2.3 VERIFY MODEL SELECTION 25 3.3.2.4 DEFECTIVE TESTING OF MODELS 26 4.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIET NAM 28 vii 4.2 ACTUAL SITUATION OF BANK LIQUIDITY OF VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS FROM 2010 TO 2018 29 4.3 RESEARCH RESULTS 32 4.3.1 ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS .32 4.3.2 TEST OF MULTICOLLINEARITY 34 4.3.2.1 4.3.3 MULTICOLLINEARITY TEST 35 ESTIMATION RESULTS OF MODELS POOLED OLS, FEM, REM .35 4.3.3.1 ESTIMATION RESULTS OF POOLED OLS MODEL 35 4.3.3.2 ESTIMATION RESULTS OF FEM MODEL .36 4.3.3.3 ESTIMATION RESULTS OF REM MODEL .37 4.3.4 CHOOSE BETWEEN TWO MODELS POLS AND FEM 37 4.3.5 HAUSMAN- TEST 37 4.3.6 FEM TEST FOR THE ERRORS OF FEM 38 4.3.6.1 AUTOCORRELATION TEST 38 4.3.6.2 TEST FOR HETEROSKEDASTICITY .38 4.3.7 FGLS REGRESSION 38 4.4 DISCUSS THE RESEARCH RESULTS 39 4.4.1 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ROA AND LIQ 40 4.4.2 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TLA AND LIQ .40 4.4.3 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SIZE AND LIQ 41 4.4.4 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CEA AND LIQ .43 4.4.5 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TDES AND LIQ .43 4.4.6 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN INF AND LIQ 44 4.4.7 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN GDP AND LIQ .46 5.1 CONCLUSION ABOUT THE IMPACT OF THE MICRO AND MACRO FACTORS ON THE BANK LIQUIDITY OF VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS AND GIVE SOME PROPOSES TO IMPROVE THE BANK LIQUIDITY .47 5.2 SUGGESTING SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE BANK LIQUIDITY FOR VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS 47 5.2.1 INCREASING THE QUALITY OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES .48 5.2.2 CREATING A STRONG BANK SIZE .48 viii 5.2.3 SETTING PROVISION FOR CREDIT RISKS .48 5.2.4 INCREASE COSTS THAT ARE BENEFICIAL TO THE OPERATION OF THE BANK AND CUT DOWN UNNECESSARY EXPENSES 49 5.2.5 INCREASING CAPITAL MOBILIZATION FROM DEPOSITS OF INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE CUSTOMERS .49 5.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE TOPIC AND THE NEXT RESEARCH DIRECTION 50 5.3.1 LIMITATIONS OF THE TOPIC 50 5.3.2 THE NEXT RESEARCH DIRECTION 51 REFERENCE 52 APPENDIX .57 ix LIST OF ACRONYMS Acronyms Explain BCBS Committee on Banking Supervision CEA The weight of Operating Expenses compared to Total assets EAT Earnings After Tax EFD External Funding Dependence FEM Fixed- Effects Model FGLS Feasible Generalized Least Squares GMM Generalized Method of Moments GDP Economic growth INF Inflation in the economy 10 LIQ The Bank Liquidity 11 NIM Net Interest Margin 12 NHTM Commercial Bank 13 TDES T Deposite ratio 14 TLA Ratio of loans in relation to total assets 15 POLS Pooled Orditionary Least Squares 16 ROA Return On Asset 17 ROE Return On Equity 18 REM Random-Effects Model x 2011 CTG 0.01359 0.63706 0.40573 0.21970 0.06186 19.94805 0.034335 0.177658 2012 CTG 0.01225 0.66204 0.42965 0.18232 0.06721 20.03715 0.029284 0.144584 2013 CTG 0.01008 0.65286 0.45491 0.10699 0.09419 20.17226 0.022543 0.150758 2014 CTG 0.00866 0.66533 0.46724 0.10364 0.08358 20.30946 0.021943 0.141558 2015 CTG 0.00733 0.69030 0.47131 0.10189 0.07198 20.47414 0.021788 0.110777 2016 CTG 0.00723 0.69778 0.48638 0.11372 0.06357 20.6706 0.026025 0.128319 2017 CTG 0.00681 0.72205 0.46198 0.11697 0.05823 20.81408 0.024415 0.126299 2018 CTG 0.00465 0.74279 0.49608 0.08030 0.05793 20.8755 0.025944 0.140957 2010 EIB 0.01384 0.47552 0.27982 0.13431 0.10305 18.69155 0.065172 0.119165 2011 EIB 0.01655 0.40674 0.30622 0.18640 0.08881 19.02809 0.051542 0.403071 2012 EIB 0.01257 0.44032 0.42637 0.13525 0.09293 18.95223 0.090969 0.428982 2013 EIB 0.00388 0.49079 0.65276 0.04487 0.08644 18.95034 0.022016 0.362829 2014 EIB 0.00035 0.54097 0.69618 0.00427 0.08144 18.8975 0.030274 0.275327 2015 EIB 0.00032 0.67889 0.60656 0.00304 0.10528 18.64262 0.038102 0.101090 2016 EIB 0.00240 0.67461 0.60382 0.02297 0.10441 18.67378 0.044917 0.109288 67 2017 EIB 0.00551 0.67835 0.57626 0.05774 0.09541 18.82193 0.037218 0.139489 2018 EIB 0.00433 0.68157 0.65166 0.04438 0.09750 18.84367 0.057440 0.182239 2010 HDB 0.00783 0.34104 0.47552 0.11427 0.06856 17.35325 0.044642 0.293298 2011 HDB 0.00947 0.30755 0.47695 0.12022 0.07879 17.62274 0.059676 0.262438 2012 HDB 0.00618 0.40066 0.52320 0.06052 0.10219 17.7817 0.028583 0.172264 2013 HDB 0.00252 0.51064 0.70036 0.02530 0.09973 18.27249 0.025830 0.165114 2014 HDB 0.00479 0.42059 0.62789 0.05374 0.08916 18.41592 0.106457 0.285061 2015 HDB 0.00592 0.53114 0.58306 0.06709 0.08820 18.48352 0.039581 0.161186 2016 HDB 0.00608 0.54709 0.60481 0.09198 0.06615 18.82811 0.026783 0.153048 2017 HDB 0.01032 0.55192 0.54255 0.13242 0.07795 19.05902 0.018137 0.158373 2018 HDB 0.01482 0.56990 0.47048 0.19025 0.07789 19.19105 0.034630 0.197690 2010 KLB 0.01555 0.55721 0.38322 0.06065 0.25642 16.34744 0.035200 0.182402 2011 KLB 0.02211 0.47083 0.38720 0.11418 0.19363 16.69747 0.055929 0.290560 2012 KLB 0.01889 0.52115 0.51217 0.10190 0.18540 16.73765 0.028322 0.198707 2013 KLB 0.01467 0.56751 0.55254 0.09018 0.16263 16.87758 0.028344 0.190210 68 2014 KLB 0.00761 0.58546 0.65540 0.05229 0.14561 16.95551 0.033043 0.181166 2015 KLB 0.00653 0.64046 0.67345 0.04898 0.13322 17.04719 0.036660 0.106672 2016 KLB 0.00397 0.64912 0.73668 0.03597 0.11047 17.23163 0.039435 0.140917 2017 KLB 0.00540 0.66133 0.71526 0.05679 0.09515 17.43522 0.071925 0.183476 2018 KLB 0.00548 0.69658 0.73911 0.06183 0.08864 17.56053 0.056078 0.183716 2010 LPB 0.01952 0.28109 0.38501 0.16637 0.11733 17.37042 0.013985 0.172421 2011 LPB 0.01741 0.22727 0.44718 0.14817 0.11747 17.84322 0.027691 0.381810 2012 LPB 0.01307 0.34619 0.44847 0.11746 0.11129 18.0114 0.051177 0.283052 2013 LPB 0.00711 0.37123 0.55692 0.07788 0.09135 18.19245 0.085018 0.233440 2014 LPB 0.00463 0.40961 0.63937 0.06311 0.07332 18.42867 0.019275 0.115373 2015 LPB 0.00325 0.52204 0.62847 0.04603 0.07065 18.49381 0.021988 0.072715 2016 LPB 0.00749 0.56163 0.52471 0.12756 0.05873 18.77039 0.090643 0.156174 2017 LPB 0.00837 0.61567 0.55127 0.14580 0.05741 18.91192 0.072401 0.147980 2018 LPB 0.00548 0.68074 0.62468 0.09410 0.05826 18.98084 0.045230 0.074778 2010 MBB 0.01592 0.44513 0.30671 0.19648 0.08103 18.51256 0.014749 0.337153 69 2011 MBB 0.01380 0.42530 0.36538 0.19864 0.06945 18.74877 0.050036 0.356111 2012 MBB 0.01321 0.42411 0.34513 0.18035 0.07325 18.98378 0.040453 0.286294 2013 MBB 0.01267 0.48651 0.35852 0.15089 0.08399 19.01042 0.025785 0.195730 2014 MBB 0.01248 0.50162 0.37489 0.14596 0.08553 19.11627 0.036414 0.195411 2015 MBB 0.01136 0.54898 0.39320 0.10836 0.10488 19.21386 0.042605 0.188390 2016 MBB 0.01125 0.58823 0.42359 0.10845 0.10376 19.3617 0.044964 0.153964 2017 MBB 0.01112 0.58681 0.43262 0.11789 0.09433 19.56451 0.027163 0.206925 2018 MBB 0.01708 0.59252 0.44705 0.18114 0.09432 19.70805 0.033905 0.159867 2010 MSB 0.01003 0.27597 0.35821 0.18287 0.05486 18.56336 0.011841 0.276721 2011 MSB 0.00697 0.33008 0.52059 0.08393 0.08306 18.55499 0.019104 0.271663 2012 MSB 0.00206 0.26331 0.70827 0.02491 0.08269 18.51529 0.049919 0.314658 2013 MSB 0.00308 0.25589 0.69913 0.03505 0.08787 18.48941 0.014730 0.246917 2014 MSB 0.00137 0.22525 0.62149 0.01511 0.09050 18.46344 0.037651 0.192548 2015 MSB 0.00111 0.26930 0.72536 0.00854 0.13053 18.46289 0.035868 0.146813 2016 MSB 0.00151 0.37923 0.49864 0.01029 0.14686 18.34386 0.036865 0.119578 70 2017 MSB 0.00109 0.32264 0.63611 0.00889 0.12226 18.53614 0.048508 0.125739 2018 MSB 0.00630 0.35394 0.61995 0.06283 0.10031 18.74109 0.034433 0.199501 2010 NAB 0.00955 0.36544 0.42729 0.06373 0.14990 16.49026 0.028875 0.235168 2011 NAB 0.01263 0.32804 0.40925 0.07288 0.17336 16.76194 0.018132 0.226377 2012 NAB 0.01128 0.42779 0.49456 0.05513 0.20470 16.58861 0.036543 0.224629 2013 NAB 0.00468 0.40199 0.61568 0.04138 0.11321 17.17525 0.029693 0.280065 2014 NAB 0.00502 0.42532 0.59158 0.05619 0.08933 17.43432 0.016143 0.418582 2015 NAB 0.00548 0.58828 0.54260 0.05690 0.09627 17.3842 0.018747 0.227921 2016 NAB 0.00077 0.56099 0.59714 0.00957 0.08012 17.57325 0.038168 0.104919 2017 NAB 0.00439 0.66763 0.51173 0.06524 0.06736 17.81261 0.027782 0.118634 2018 NAB 0.00788 0.67700 0.64269 0.13978 0.05636 18.13379 0.044081 0.176369 2010 NCB 0.00792 0.53792 0.52122 0.07841 0.10104 16.812 0.068755 0.274231 2011 NCB 0.00736 0.57412 0.57557 0.05148 0.14297 16.92879 0.058900 0.194890 2012 NCB 0.00010 0.59558 0.87641 0.00068 0.14755 16.88752 0.069058 0.086198 2013 NCB 0.00063 0.46348 0.92738 0.00576 0.11017 17.18537 0.043263 0.213870 71 2014 NCB 0.00022 0.45174 0.91087 0.00253 0.08719 17.42202 0.028811 0.209591 2015 NCB 0.00013 0.42363 0.85470 0.00202 0.06671 17.69149 0.043503 0.176655 2016 NCB 0.00016 0.36736 0.79899 0.00336 0.04678 18.04978 0.027661 0.195056 2017 NCB 0.00031 0.44696 0.78317 0.00682 0.04479 18.08997 0.036500 0.172741 2018 NCB 0.00050 0.49259 0.81685 0.01121 0.04464 18.09802 0.025949 0.118972 2010 OCB 0.01190 0.58836 0.39732 0.11093 0.14032 16.7956 0.073411 0.302494 2011 OCB 0.01190 0.54448 0.47021 0.08069 0.14753 17.05142 0.053873 0.192631 2012 OCB 0.00838 0.62860 0.47873 0.06019 0.13928 17.12693 0.030805 0.135843 2013 OCB 0.00736 0.61530 0.49623 0.06089 0.12090 17.30579 0.017018 0.142461 2014 OCB 0.00564 0.54381 0.52801 0.05489 0.10277 17.4815 0.028837 0.103193 2015 OCB 0.00424 0.56007 0.55782 0.04958 0.08545 17.71642 0.029264 0.150906 2016 OCB 0.00606 0.60341 0.56274 0.08205 0.07390 17.9715 0.026060 0.092210 2017 OCB 0.00969 0.57156 0.53086 0.13304 0.07283 18.24989 0.044551 0.207117 2018 OCB 0.01762 0.56337 0.37275 0.20018 0.08800 18.42032 0.019563 0.154707 2010 PGB 0.01336 0.66469 0.42531 0.10068 0.13270 16.61147 0.015818 0.125116 72 2011 PGB 0.02538 0.68889 0.38758 0.17223 0.14736 16.68239 0.055581 0.135411 2012 PGB 0.01247 0.71619 0.48073 0.07567 0.16474 16.77307 0.032063 0.156310 2013 PGB 0.00154 0.55824 0.69942 0.01190 0.12903 17.0294 0.030689 0.290068 2014 PGB 0.00508 0.56274 0.63838 0.03924 0.12954 17.06508 0.028240 0.265631 2015 PGB 0.00165 0.64351 0.64879 0.01210 0.13665 17.02156 0.000000 0.000000 2016 PGB 0.00494 0.70632 0.54028 0.03508 0.14080 17.02734 0.030839 0.080049 2017 PGB 0.00220 0.73114 0.46846 0.01812 0.12150 17.19303 0.053155 0.090227 2018 PGB 0.00424 0.73752 0.43405 0.03443 0.12330 17.21336 0.072783 0.081622 2010 SCB 0.00462 0.55128 0.38792 0.05903 0.07827 17.9129 0.062271 0.143509 2011 SCB 0.00853 0.57545 0.61787 0.08644 0.09872 18.55883 0.013616 0.058808 2012 SCB 0.00043 0.59083 0.71082 0.00561 0.07620 18.82084 0.050492 0.063427 2013 SCB 0.00024 0.49168 0.70726 0.00375 0.06276 19.01411 0.019711 0.071202 2014 SCB 0.00037 0.55323 0.54095 0.00688 0.05413 19.30537 0.027304 0.073321 2015 SCB 0.00026 0.54720 0.52284 0.00649 0.03949 19.55695 0.019560 0.077640 2016 SCB 0.00022 0.61430 0.60384 0.00551 0.03955 19.70628 0.022406 0.054123 73 2017 SCB 0.00028 0.60018 0.76032 0.00870 0.03223 19.91141 0.026779 0.081077 2018 SCB 0.00035 0.59316 0.63397 0.01155 0.02996 20.04787 0.014623 0.070345 2010 SEA 0.01139 0.36547 0.31052 0.10955 0.10397 17.82723 0.025907 0.295312 2011 SEA 0.00125 0.19104 0.72372 0.02277 0.05477 18.43155 0.193745 0.610970 2012 SEA 0.00070 0.22239 0.81243 0.00945 0.07436 18.13389 0.023503 0.521097 2013 SEA 0.00190 0.26205 0.74540 0.02649 0.07170 18.19584 0.022353 0.415097 2014 SEA 0.00108 0.39991 0.71470 0.01529 0.07086 18.19983 0.048717 0.374922 2015 SEA 0.00108 0.50504 0.82174 0.01593 0.06806 18.2553 0.078443 0.218755 2016 SEA 0.00113 0.57067 0.58496 0.01986 0.05688 18.45378 0.029731 0.176930 2017 SEA 0.00244 0.56416 0.57772 0.04937 0.04939 18.6439 0.033155 0.206752 2018 SEA 0.00351 0.59728 0.58074 0.05943 0.05909 18.76063 0.019398 0.207042 2010 SGB 0.05191 0.68049 0.22507 0.22606 0.22965 16.54761 0.027591 0.157442 2011 SGB 0.01811 0.66625 0.34624 0.09197 0.19690 16.63598 0.029825 0.096251 2012 SGB 0.02001 0.73125 0.36427 0.08398 0.23831 16.51368 0.058734 0.094892 2013 SGB 0.01177 0.72660 0.49757 0.04936 0.23838 16.50232 0.052093 0.074949 74 2014 SGB 0.01143 0.70985 0.40209 0.05189 0.22030 16.577 0.047461 0.058038 2015 SGB 0.00243 0.65424 0.53885 0.01271 0.19105 16.69183 0.037651 0.115050 2016 SGB 0.00732 0.65801 0.57804 0.03966 0.18453 16.76247 0.035400 0.134252 2017 SGB 0.00256 0.66163 0.53281 0.01598 0.16029 16.87513 0.050181 0.192384 2018 SGB 0.00553 0.67102 0.45951 0.03278 0.16859 16.82975 0.049116 0.165747 2010 SHB 0.00969 0.47764 0.45728 0.11817 0.08197 17.74798 0.013852 0.243813 2011 SHB 0.01061 0.41079 0.50524 0.12915 0.08214 18.07804 0.006484 0.272256 2012 SHB 0.01448 0.48860 0.57119 0.17749 0.08157 18.57372 0.030177 0.286588 2013 SHB 0.00592 0.53270 0.78583 0.08206 0.07210 18.78272 0.017561 0.228467 2014 SHB 0.00468 0.61582 0.49868 0.07545 0.06200 18.94562 0.024536 0.199303 2015 SHB 0.00388 0.64203 0.52787 0.07065 0.05498 19.13708 0.030680 0.176491 2016 SHB 0.00379 0.67445 0.50497 0.06903 0.05495 19.29928 0.016658 0.142189 2017 SHB 0.00538 0.69330 0.44898 0.10477 0.05137 19.47154 0.018143 0.135800 2018 SHB 0.00517 0.67122 0.47804 0.10239 0.05052 19.59402 0.019221 0.110038 2010 STB 0.01254 0.54129 0.43072 0.13627 0.09199 18.84193 0.106944 0.261137 75 2011 STB 0.01411 0.56931 0.53135 0.13720 0.10283 18.76759 0.103660 0.174160 2012 STB 0.00659 0.63329 0.60616 0.07317 0.09005 18.84017 0.094022 0.154698 2013 STB 0.01381 0.68514 0.55333 0.13063 0.10574 18.89926 0.046657 0.109648 2014 STB 0.01162 0.67446 0.54071 0.12215 0.09517 19.0615 0.047975 0.107645 2015 STB 0.00222 0.63663 0.62188 0.02934 0.07561 19.49238 0.048227 0.056113 2016 STB 0.00027 0.59893 0.86955 0.00399 0.06684 19.62071 0.044657 0.052457 2017 STB 0.00321 0.60506 0.73299 0.05085 0.06306 19.72487 0.025009 0.045245 2018 STB 0.00553 0.63201 0.67122 0.09122 0.06066 19.82196 0.039383 0.051312 2010 TCB 0.01379 0.35217 0.33646 0.22076 0.06247 18.82809 0.047036 0.361887 2011 TCB 0.01747 0.35147 0.31509 0.25198 0.06933 19.01141 0.053069 0.294183 2012 TCB 0.00426 0.37937 0.57175 0.05762 0.07386 19.0081 0.056165 0.234618 2013 TCB 0.00415 0.44227 0.59415 0.04735 0.08760 18.88376 0.032237 0.135073 2014 TCB 0.00615 0.45655 0.47223 0.07219 0.08520 18.98544 0.022125 0.141560 2015 TCB 0.00796 0.58140 0.39414 0.09292 0.08572 19.07297 0.028291 0.114953 2016 TCB 0.01338 0.60594 0.35286 0.16077 0.08322 19.27664 0.023328 0.149191 76 2017 TCB 0.02393 0.59708 0.28747 0.23934 0.09997 19.41168 0.024551 0.161712 2018 TCB 0.02640 0.49827 0.31840 0.16365 0.16132 19.58692 0.041004 0.175376 2010 TPB 0.00774 0.25000 0.42836 0.05056 0.15300 16.85522 0.000029 0.000186 2011 TPB (0.05512) 0.14725 86.30244 (0.82002) 0.06721 17.02979 0.007733 0.353030 2012 TPB 0.00770 0.40231 0.63276 0.03506 0.21951 16.53155 0.028414 0.174585 2013 TPB 0.01189 0.37166 0.47580 0.10306 0.11533 17.28399 0.016245 0.203573 2014 TPB 0.01041 0.38539 0.57771 0.12649 0.08230 17.75666 0.105575 0.319923 2015 TPB 0.00738 0.37051 0.51105 0.11715 0.06296 18.14915 0.024257 0.290606 2016 TPB 0.00534 0.44093 0.57629 0.09948 0.05371 18.47689 0.020584 0.245706 2017 TPB 0.00776 0.51098 0.53788 0.14432 0.05379 18.63675 0.028530 0.210531 2018 TPB 0.01326 0.56679 0.50592 0.16996 0.07800 18.72948 0.044241 0.164236 2010 VAB 0.011064 0.5518631 0.4120608 0.027204 0.140991 16.99701 0.1159892 0.2219818 2011 VAB 0.011019 0.514288 0.5053683 0.0817826 0.158845 16.92961 0.0619334 0.1573316 2012 VAB 0.006668 0.523809 0.5930191 0.0630799 0.14357 17.01861 0.0559046 0.1497386 2013 VAB 0.002224 0.532262 0.7636208 0.0320334 0.132746 17.11256 0.0379406 0.0902802 77 2014 VAB 0.001335 0.4445559 0.7241799 0.0489294 0.102161 17.38759 0.0296865 0.088328 2015 VAB 0.001957 0.4839683 0.5013884 0.0160601 0.093594 17.55028 0.0200847 0.1319291 2016 VAB 0.001618 0.4948441 0.5084337 0.0008111 0.065365 17.93398 0.0104788 0.1985356 2017 VAB 0.001533 0.5311815 0.565114 0.0100283 0.063886 17.98115 0.0080421 0.1997884 2018 VAB 0.001661 0.5318476 0.4784045 0.0274384 0.059402 18.08229 0.0106544 0.2248253 2010 VCA 0.006874 0.4453083 0.5369307 0.2075082 0.25267 15.92274 0.0081375 0.3518429 2011 VCA 0.015908 0.258147 0.3599073 0.1472599 0.194517 16.64685 0.0123344 0.293534 2012 VCA 0.00997 0.3764371 0.527824 0.1064098 0.158057 16.84431 0.042902 0.3920654 2013 VCA 0.004471 0.4351308 0.679444 0.1032788 0.139585 16.95355 0.0287714 0.3079311 2014 VCA 0.006288 0.5038114 0.6692346 0.1054847 0.128504 17.06521 0.0151282 0.1760942 2015 VCA 0.001834 0.5466471 0.7771748 0.1180383 0.114174 17.18347 0.024165 0.1620181 2016 VCA 8.29E-05 0.6482752 0.880593 0.1432125 0.102214 17.2932 0.017921 0.1014186 2017 VCA 0.00084 0.6273515 0.8365636 0.1733436 0.083801 17.50191 0.0243255 0.1557512 2018 VCA 0.002026 0.6377967 0.7416429 0.2351593 0.073853 17.65607 0.0219264 0.1658786 2010 VCB 0.013988 0.5747778 0.3970044 0.119962 0.06741 19.54438 0.043796 0.3028668 78 2011 VCB 0.0115 0.5710524 0.3832913 0.0783076 0.078094 19.72012 0.0436584 0.3322193 2012 VCB 0.010666 0.5818434 0.3987309 0.0621623 0.100236 19.84256 0.051532 0.211328 2013 VCB 0.009334 0.5848991 0.4026516 0.0062947 0.090377 19.9661 0.0658927 0.2622045 2014 VCB 0.007948 0.5603822 0.3958425 0.0614887 0.075343 20.17335 0.0374188 0.3081125 2015 VCB 0.007906 0.5740729 0.391771 0.060513 0.066982 20.32933 0.0418662 0.2516144 2016 VCB 0.008751 0.5848305 0.3993839 0.064251 0.061103 20.48493 0.0343613 0.232824 2017 VCB 0.0088 0.5249087 0.4035332 0.1279404 0.050766 20.75795 0.1001827 0.3353574 2018 VCB 0.013614 0.5883158 0.3465284 0.2056612 0.057894 20.79468 0.0220085 0.2577186 2010 VIB 0.00843 0.4447651 0.4698733 0.0784758 0.070269 18.35696 0.028601 0.2982899 2011 VIB 0.006591 0.4486583 0.4820329 0.0693665 0.084168 18.3897 0.0210508 0.3167242 2012 VIB 0.008003 0.5211539 0.5569662 0.0464421 0.128745 17.99026 0.0408171 0.1542489 2013 VIB 0.000654 0.4583892 0.621208 0.0167524 0.103839 18.15769 0.0213102 0.1252779 2014 VIB 0.00648 0.4733242 0.4794461 0.0130631 0.105383 18.20577 0.0279861 0.1210364 2015 VIB 0.00618 0.5666907 0.6025831 0.0209122 0.102134 18.25 0.0918158 0.1017571 2016 VIB 0.005375 0.5757877 0.6153031 0.0247483 0.083649 18.46486 0.0466033 0.1342768 79 2017 VIB 0.009129 0.6484637 0.570847 0.0240017 0.071351 18.62899 0.0373822 0.1208106 2018 VIB 0.015765 0.6908195 0.4419678 0.0279621 0.076654 18.75118 0.0256676 0.0861392 2010 VPB 0.008416 0.4234241 0.4159284 0.0967053 0.087025 17.90663 0.0148836 0.2448481 2011 VPB 0.009656 0.3523831 0.5177623 0.1333648 0.072403 18.23216 0.0186347 0.3189251 2012 VPB 0.006969 0.3594253 0.5792252 0.1066433 0.065344 18.44706 0.0211552 0.295465 2013 VPB 0.008392 0.432725 0.5576823 0.1317018 0.063718 18.61348 0.0253409 0.1949226 2014 VPB 0.007679 0.4801407 0.5872984 0.1395937 0.055012 18.91074 0.0309935 0.142292 2015 VPB 0.012358 0.6024675 0.4717655 0.1789441 0.069059 19.08273 0.0200846 0.1059296 2016 VPB 0.017201 0.6323934 0.392638 0.229081 0.075086 19.24823 0.0205881 0.0745333 2017 VPB 0.023189 0.6576587 0.3554279 0.2168922 0.106914 19.44224 0.0325293 0.1007371 2018 VPB 0.022752 0.68657 0.3420845 0.2116706 0.107488 19.59406 0.0392341 0.1034917 80 YEAR GDP INF 2010 0.064232 0.088616 2011 0.062403 0.186755 2012 0.052474 0.090942 2013 0.054219 0.065923 2014 0.059837 0.0471 2015 0.066793 0.008786 2016 0.062108 0.032436 2017 0.068122 0.035203 2018 0.070758 0.035394 81 ... by: (i) Finding out and examining the determinants of liquidity of Vietnam commercial banks.(ii) Proposing practical recommendations and policies for improving liquidity system of Vietnam commercial... followed by: Finding out and examining the determinants of liquidity of Vietnam commercial banks Proposing practical recommendations and policies for improving liquidity system of Vietnam commercial... Development of Vietnam (BIDV) CTG Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade EIB Joint Stock Vietnam Export Import Commercial Joint Stock Bank HDB Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock