LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS www.pdflobby.com LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS R A F I R O M A N O, D M D, M S c . Ham i l t o n • L o nd o n www.pdflobby.com B.C Decker Inc Hughson Street South P.O Box 620, L.C.D Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3K7 Tel: 905-522-7017 Fax: 905-522-7839 e-mail: info@bcdecker.com website: http://www.bcdecker.com © 1998 Rafi Romano All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher 98 99 00 01 / BP / ISBN 1-55009-040-2 Printed in Canada SALES AND DISTRIBUTION United States B.C Decker Inc P.O Box 785 Lewiston, NY 14092-0785 U.K., Europe, Scandinavia, Middle East Harcourt-Brace & Company Ltd 24–28 Oval Road London, NW1 7DX United Kingdom Tel: 71-267-4466 Fax: 71-482-2291 Canada B.C Decker Inc Hughson Street South P.O Box 620, L.C.D Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3K7 Tel: 905-522-7017 Fax: 905-522-7839 Korea Jee Sung Publishing Company 236-15, Neung-Dong Seung Dong-Ku, Seoul Korea Tel: 02 424-5463 Fax: 02 456-5058 Japan Ishiyaku Publishers Inc 7–10, Honkomagome 1-Chome Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 Japan Tel: 03 5395-7604 Fax: 03 5395-7606 India Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd B-3, EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, P.B 7193, New Delhi-110002, India Tel: 11 3272143 Fax: 11 3276490 Notice: The authors and publisher have made every effort to ensure that the patient care recommended herein, including choice of drugs and drug dosages, is in accord with the accepted standard and practice at the time of publication However, since research and regulation constantly change clinical standards, the reader is urged to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug, which includes recommended doses, warnings, and contraindications This is particularly important with new or infrequently used drugs www.pdflobby.com Contributors Robert W Baker Jr., DMD Lingual Appliance Course Director University of Rochester Eastman Dental Center Private Practice, Limited to Orthodontics New York, USA Nitzan Bichacho, DMD Private Practice, Limited to Prosthodontics Tel Aviv, Israel Paul-Georg Jost Brinkman, DMD, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics of the Free University Berlin, Dental School Berlin, Germany Vittorio Cacciafesta, DDS Postgraduate Orthodontic Residence Department of Orthodontics Royal Dental College Arhus University, Denmark Maurizio Cannavo, MD Visiting Professor in Lingual Orthodontics Specialization School of Orthodontics University of Ferrara, Italy Christian Demange, DCD, SQODE, CECSMO Orthodontiste Spécialiste Qualifié Docteur en Chirurgie Dentaire Docteur de l’Université Claude Bernard Mtre de Conférences des Universités Practicien Hospitalier—Faculté de Lyon Lyon, France Pablo A Echarri, DDS Private Practice, Limited to Orthodontics Barcelona, Spain Lorenzo Favero, MD, DDS, MSc Professor, Pediatric Dentistry Department University of Padua Padua, Italy Chiori Hashiba, DDS, PhD Private Practice, Limited to Orthodontics Tokyo, Japan Scott A Huge Owner and President, Specialty Appliances Inc Orthodontic Laboratory Norcross, Georgia, USA Craven Kurz, DDS, PhD President Emeritus of the American Lingual Orthodontic Association Private Practice, Marina del Rey California, USA Stuart McCrostie, DDS Specialist Orthodontist Waitara NSW, Australia Mario E Paz, DDS, MS Course Director, Lingual Orthodontic Program University of California Los Angeles California, USA Friedrich Riemeier Manager, Bending Art Company Berlin, Germany Rafi Romano, DMD, MSc Private Practice, Limited to Orthodontics, Emphasizing Adult and Lingual Orthodontics Tel Aviv, Israel Massimo Ronchin, MD, DDS Assistant Professor in Orthodontics Cagliari University Visiting Professor University of Ferrara, Italy Guiseppe Scuzzo, MD, DDS Visiting Professor in Lingual Orthodontics Specialization School of Orthodontics University of Ferrara, Italy Didier Fillion, DDS Private Practice, Limited to Lingual Orthodontics Paris, France Alessandro Silvestri, MD, DDS, ENT Chief, Pre- and Postsurgical Orthodontic Service Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery University of Rome “La Sapienza” Rome, Italy J Courtney Gorman, DDS, MS Private Practice, Limited to Orthodontics Marion, Indiana, USA Kyoto Takemoto, DDS Private Practice, Limited to Lingual Orthodontics Chiba-ken, Japan www.pdflobby.com Contents Preface SECTION SECTION Introduction Treatment Approaches and Mechanics Lingual Orthodontics: Historical Perspective Craven Kurz, DDS, PhD, Rafi Romano, DMD, MSc Present Clinical Reality Massimo Ronchin, MD, DDS Lingual Orthodontics in a Labial Orthodontics Office J Courtney Gorman, DDS, MS SECTION Basic Principles Enhanced Facial Esthetics using Kurz Lingual Appliance Craven Kurz, DDS, PhD Advanced Lingual Prescription: Technique and Design Robert Baker Jr., DMD . Shape Memory Wires in Lingual Orthodontics Christian Demange, DCD, SQODE, CECSMO . Wire Sequencing in Lingual Orthodontics H Stuart McCrostie, DDS Instruments Used in Lingual Appliance Craven Kurz, DDS, PhD Anchorage Control in Lingual Orthodontics Kyoto Takemoto, DDS . Preserving the “Hollywood Smile” and Facial Profile Mario E Paz, DDS, MS . Distalization of Molars in Nonextraction Cases Guiseppe Scuzzo, MD, DDS, Maurizio Cannavo, MD . Interproximal Enamel Reduction in Lingual Orthodontics Didier Fillion, DDS . Sliding Mechanics versus Loop Mechanics During En Masse Retraction in Extraction Cases Kyoto Takemoto, DDS . Case Presentation: Loop Mechanics Guiseppe Scuzzo, MD, DDS . Case Presentation: Sliding Mechanics J Courtney Gorman, DDS, MS Lingual Orthodontics in Pediatric Patients Lorenzo Favero, MD, DDS, MSc www.pdflobby.com . The Lingual Technique in Orthognathic Surgery Alessandro Silvestri, MD, DDS, ENT . Orthodontic-Surgical RPE Camouflage on an Orthognathic Case Mario E Paz, DDS, MS . Segmental Lingual Orthodontics in Multidisciplinary Cases Pablo A Echarri, DDS . Combined Orthodontic-Prosthetic Treatment of Malpositioned Anterior Teeth Rafi Romano, DMD, MSc, Nitzan Bichacho, DMD Lingual Orthodontics: Esthetics and Function Chiori Hashiba, DDS, PhD SECTION Laboratory Procedures The Customized Lingual Appliance Set-Up Service (CLASS) System Scott A Huge The Thickness Measurement System with the DALI Program Didier Fillion, DDS Lingual Treatment with the Bending Art System Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann, DMD, PhD, Vittorio Cacciafesta, DDS, Friedrich Riemeier SECTION Appendix Bibliography Index www.pdflobby.com Preface The Preface to Lingual Orthodontics (LO) should have been actually called: “A short explanation why Lingual Orthodontics is the first complete English textbook ever published on LO.” The idea to edit Lingual Orthodontics arose in October 1995, at the Italian Association of Lingual Orthodontics (AIOL) meeting in Rome, where many of the best clinicians who practice LO were in attendance When surveying the literature published on LO, it is surprising to discover that most of it was written from 1982–1985, immediately after Dr Kurz from USA and Dr Fujita from Japan developed the prototype lingual system and ORMCO founded the original Task Force These years saw the very first steps with the new system, observed with the critical eyes of the orthodontic community and with exaggerated expectations from the public and media While most orthodontists found interest in the new system, it was still undeveloped, without any finished cases, any protocol, and presented many technical problems More than 12 years have passed since “silence” concerning LO was declared in the scientific journals, in all of the important orthodontic meetings, and in orthodontic offices The media had completely stopped mentioning the subject and because of the small number of orthodontists who continued to treat patients with LO during this period, we are now again in a situation characterized by a lack of knowledge in the dental community and among the public The technique of lingual orthodontics, which is the only option we can give to those patients who want their orthodontic treatment to be done behind closed curtains, was really left with the curtains closed The fault is partly due to the rapid decline in the number of orthodontists who offer LO as a treatment option in their office and partly due to the small efforts that were made by those who did practice LO to teach, to write, to research, or to contribute from their knowledge to all of their colleagues Excellent work is done all over the world with LO Some clinicians have even decided to devote their practice exclusively to LO and can now present excellent clinical results with a long follow-up Much new material that has not yet been published exists as well as tremendous experience that was gained in the field in the last 15 years Much of this is known only to a small group of orthodontists who come to LO meetings all over the world This book is published to change this situation because we believe that lingual orthodontics is the ultimate esthetic solution in orthodontics today Many of the best clinicians who practice LO contributed to this book They come from all over the world—from the USA, Australia, Japan, France, Italy, Spain, Germany, and Denmark I would like to thank each one of them personally for the tremendous help, good will, and patience they have exhibited in the long process of creating an international book They have all agreed to share their knowledge and experience with our readers Many clinical tips and experience were gathered and are now disseminated www.pdflobby.com for the first time Almost every possible aspect of LO is covered, including history, mechanics, extraction cases, nonextraction cases, pediatric patients, interdisciplinary cases, orthognathic surgery, practice management, laboratory procedures, and more All of them are described in full detail and enhanced with color figures This is not a recipe book, and it is not intended to teach LO One should take accredited courses, come to LO meetings, and gain experience before adopting the system completely into his or her practice Once a thorough knowledge and clinical experience are obtained, one will gain excellent clinical results, not less than he or she was used to with labial orthodontics, and with all the mechanical and esthetic advantages that are unique to LO I have included all of the references I could find on LO to help the clinicians find their way in this new system I apologize to any author whose article I did not mention here The advantages of LO over labial orthodontics are many While better esthetics during treatment is the most obvious, some advantages are purely mechanical, like more efficient distal movement, much easier intrusion, increased expansion, and the built-in capability in the bracket design to reposition the mandible and temperomandibular jaw when needed Some clinicians still claim that LO is not a legitimate option and that lingual orthodontic results are inferior to those achieved with labial orthodontics In fact, the opposite is frequently true We believe that the advantages of LO as a treatment option are greater than the disadvantages, and it should be considered as a legitimate, equally good option to every other treatment modality Still, there is much more to be done in the field of LO other than publishing more textbooks Some disadvantages still to be overcome are: • Further improvement of the design of the brackets to make them smaller, more easily ligated, and smoother to the tongue • Reduction in speech distortion during the early stages of treatment, which can be distressing to the patient • The addition of training in lingual orthodontics to the graduate or postgraduate orthodontic programs in the universities around the world • Reduction of the high fees by improvements in design and technique which will, in turn, reduce the chairtime of the orthodontist I hope this book will have a uniting influence on the clinicians using LO The world has become a very small place since people began traveling extensively Some of my patients come from Japan, USA, and Europe, and they expect each orthodontist to have the same knowledge and skills as his or her colleagues Easy, rapid communication tools exist and should be used to teach, to inform, and to unite Teaching other orthodontists the “secrets” of our technique will, in the long run, bring us more acceptance and more work When more orthodontists use LO in their offices, patients will become more aware of it and ask for it This phenomenon occurred in general dentistry with porcelain veneers and bonding When it became more popular, the dentists who were the first to it became the leaders in esthetic dentistry all over the world I hope that Lingual Orthodontics will become towards the year 2000 an essential part of orthodontic offices and university libraries, to be used by doctors and patients, and to be a part of the esthetic dentistry postgraduate studies www.pdflobby.com Preface I again thank all my colleagues who participated in writing this book, especially Dr Didier Fillion, a friend and one of the best clinicians in LO in the world today; my Israeli colleague, Dr Sylvia Geron, who helped me and supported me all the way; Prof Adrian Becker, one of the most talented orthodontists I know, who inspired me tremendously; Dr Linda Hallman, who helped review the material; Dr Nitzan Bichacho, Dr Paul Miara, and Dr Bernard Touati who helped me enter the fascinating world of esthetic dentistry; and my wife, who warmly supported me The book is dedicated to my father, Dr Albert Romano Rafi Romano, DMD, MSc www.pdflobby.com SECTION Appendix Bibliography (1970–1997) www.pdflobby.com Bibliography (1970–1997) A Aguirre MJ, King GJ, Waldron JM Assessment of bracket placement and bond strength when comparing direct bonding and indirect bonding techniques Am J Orthod 1982;82:269–276 Aguirre MJ Indirect bonding for lingual cases J Clin Orthod 1984;18:565–569 Aknin JJ Arch forms and D.D.M Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Alexander RG The Alexander discipline, contemporary concepts and philosophies In: Angel GA, ed 1986 Alexander CM, Alexander RG, Gorman JC, et al Lingual orthodontics: a status report, No 5, lingual mechanotherapy J Clin Orthod 1983;17:99–115 Alexander CM, Alexander RG, Sinclair PM Lingual orthodontics: a status report, part 6, patient and practice management J Clin Orthod 1983;17:240–246 Alexander CM, et al Lingual orthodontics: a status report, part 1, J Clin Orthod 1982;16:255–262 Altoinian G About the set up Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Altounian G La therapeutique a attaches linguales: une autre approche de l’orthodontie Rev Ortho Dento Facial 1986;29:319–362 Altounian G Les attaches linguales a insertion horizontale In: Philippe J, ed L’or-thodontie de l’adulte S.I.D Vanves, 1989:115–180 Artun J A post treatment evaluation of multibonded lingual appliances in orthodontics European J Orthod 1987;9:204–210 B Baker RW The eastman program—a comprehensive approach Clinical Impressions 1994;3:2–7, 19 Baker RW Jr The lingual appliance: molar eruption vs incisor depression (Masters thesis) Rochester: Eastman Dental Center, 1987 Behrents RG, Wendt SL, Fox DM, et al A transillumination technique for lingual bonding J Clin Orthod 1987;91:324–325 www.pdflobby.com Bennet RK A study of deep overbite correction with lingual orthodontics, (masters thesis) Loma Linda: Loma Linda University, 1988 Berke JB Lingual orthodontics treatment J Am Dent Assoc 1989;118:150 Berruto G Nozioni di linguistica generale linguistici Ligouri Editore, Napoli, 1987 Bobic R Case report of the lingual appliance Clinical Impressions (Orange) 1986; 7:14 Boisseau S, Dhumeaux-Boesles E, Skinaizi G L’edgewise du futur Orthodontie Francaise 1990;61:T2 Bounoure GM, Salvadori A Lingual orthodontics—prosthetics Orthod-Fr 57 pt 1986;1:51–72, 123–144, 195–216 Breece GL, Nieberg LG Motivations for adult orthodontic treatment J Clin Orthod 1986;20:166–171 Burstone CJ The precision lingual arch: hinge cap attachment J Clin Orthod 1994; 105:151–158 Burstone CJ Precision lingual arches Active applications J Clin Orthod 1989; 23:101–109 C Cantor RJ The periodontal effect of the lingual appliance (masters thesis) Rochester: Eastman Dental Center, 1984 Carano A Lingual orthodontics in patients with TMJ dysfunction Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Chaconas SJ, Caputo AA, Brunetto AR Force transmission characteristics of lingual appliances J Clin Orthod 1990;97:36–43 Chumak L, Galil KA, Way DC, et al An in vitro investigation of lingual bonding Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1989;95:20–28 Creekmore TD Precision placement of lingual and labial brackets J.A.L.O.A 1988; 1:2,6–8 Creekmore TD Straightwire limitations: compensations for conceal with the slot machine Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Creekmore T Lingual orthodontics—its renaissance Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1989;96:120–137 D Darmon JC Orthodontie Linguale: Pour ou contre? Inf Dent 1992;74:427–429 www.pdflobby.com Bibliography Demange C, Francois B Measuring and charting interproximal enamel removal J Clin Orthod 1990;24:408–412 Diamond M Critical aspects of lingual bracket placement J Clin Orthod 1983; 17:688–691 Diamond M Improved vision and isolation for direct lingual bonding of the upper arch J Clin Orthod 1984;18:814–815 Diamond M Lingual orthodontics NYJ Dent 1988;58:11–15 F Favero L, Tagliapietra S Lingual orthodontics in pediatric patient Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Fillion D Orthodontie linguale : réflexions cliniques Rev Ortho Faciale 1990; 24:475–498 Fillion D A la recherech de la precision en technique a attaches linguales Rev Orthop Dento Faciale 1986;20:401–413 Fillion D The viewpoint of the French Lingual Orthodontics Society Orthod-Fr, 1992;63:562 Fillion D, Leclerc JF Lingual orthodontics: why is it progressing? Orthod-Fr, 1991; 62:793–801 Fillion D Orthodontie linguale: systeme de positionnement des attaches au laboratoire Orthodontie Francaise 1989;60 Fillion D, Leclerc JF L’orthodontie invisible: l’orthodontie linguale Rev Odontostomatol 1989;18:133–152 Fillion D Orthodontie linguale et mini-plaques: esthetique et confort dans les traitments chirurgico-orthodontiques Inf Dent 1990;20:1757–1766 Fillion D Apport de la sculpture amélaire interproximale a l’orthodontie de l’adulte (deuxieme partie) Rev Orthop Dento Faciale 1993;27:189–214 Fillion D Apport de la sculpture amélaire interproximale a l’orthodontie de l’adulte (premiere partie) Rev Orthop Dento Faciale 1992;26:279–293 Fillion D Apport de la scuplture amélaire interproximale l’orthodontie de l’adulte (troisième partie) Rev Orthop Dento Faciale 1993;27:353–367 Fillion D Lingual orthodontics and miniplates Esthetics and comfort in surgical orthodontic treatment Inf Dent 1990;72:1757–1767 Fillion D Orthodontie linguale: reflexions cliniques Rev d’ODF 1990;24(4) Fontenelle A Orthodontie a attaches linguales: une autre approche Orthod Fr 1986; 57:541–557 www.pdflobby.com Fujita K Brushing method for the lingual-bracket technique with Fujita J Jpn Orthod Soc 1978;37:41–46 Fujita K Development of lingual-bracket technique (esthetic and hygienic approach to orthodontic treatment) Journal of the Japan Society for Dental Apparatus and Materials 1978;19:81–94 Fujita K Development of lingual-bracket technique J Jpn Orthod Soc 1978; 37:36–39 Fujita K Multi lingual bracket and mushroom arch wire technique Am J Orthod 1982;82:120–140 Fujita K New orthodontic treatment with lingual bracket and mushroom arch wire appliance Am J Orthod 1979;76:657–675 Fulmer DT, Kuftinec MM Cephalometric appraisal of patients treated with fixed lingual orthodontic appliances: historical review and analysis of cases Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1989;95:514–520 G Garber S, Speidel M, Seigel G, Miller E The effects of presentation of noise and dental appliances on speech J Speech Hear Res 1980;23:838–852 Garino GB Surgical orthodontic treatment with lingual technique on skeletal class III with TMJ dysfunction Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Garland-Parker L Patient education: an important key to lingual orthodontic treatment J.A.L.O.A 1988;1:2,13 Garland-Parker L The complete Lingual Orthodontic Training Manual Professional Orthodontic Consulting, 1991 Garland-Parker L The lingual challenge An opportunity for growth and excitement J.A.L.O.A 1988;1:3,8 Geiger AM, Gorelick L, Gwinnett A Bond failure rates of facial and lingual attachments J Clin Orthod 1983;83:165–169 Genone B, Siciliani G Trattamenti ortodontici a collocazione linguale Mondo Ortodontico 1984;3:14–27 Genone B Clinical aspects of the lingual edgewise orthodontic appliances Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Giorgio N Lingual technique under the biomechanic and aesthetical point of view Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Gorman JC, Kurz C, Dunn RM Les cles du succes en therapeutique a attaches linguales Rev D’O.D.F 1986;20:3 www.pdflobby.com Bibliography Gorman JC L’appareil lingual Orthod-Fr 1988;59:915–921 Gorman JC Treatment with lingual appliances: the alternative for adult patients Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg 1987;2:131–149 Gorman JC, Kurz C, Smith JR, Dunn RM Keys to success in lingual therapy—Part J Clin Orthod 1986;89:330–340 Gorman JC, Smith RJ Comparison of treatment effects with labial and lingual fixed appliances Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1991;99:202–209 Gorman JC Dispelling some myths about lingual orthodontics Is it time you took another look? Clinical Impressions 1993;2:2–5, 16–18 Gorman JC, Hilgers JJ, Smith JR Lingual orthodontics a status report, part 4: diagnosis and treatment planning J Clin Orthod 1983;17:26–35 Gorman JC Treatment of adults with lingual appliances Dent Clin North Am 1988; 32:589–620 Gravier P Orthodontie en technique linguale Traitement d’une malocclision de classe II division d’ANGLE avec extractions Th Chir Dent LYON 1992 H Hamlet S, Stone M Compensatory alveolar consonant production induced by wearing a dental prosthesis J Phon 1978;6:227–248 Hamlet SL Speech adaptation to dental appliances: theoretical considerations J Baltimore Coll Dent Surg 1973;28:52–63 Huet AP Le plateau integre tridimensionnel (P.I.T.) Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 I Incorvaty C, Spoon M Post-retention cephalometric evaluation of orthodontic correction after treatment with fixed lingual appliance Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Isaacson RJ, Lindauer SJ, Rubenstein LK Moments with the edgewise appliance: incisor torque control Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103:428–438 J Jyen PK A lingual Begg lightwire technique J Clin Orthod 1986;90:786–791 K Kaley J, Philips C Factors related to root resorption in edgewise practice Angle Orthod 1991;61:125–132 www.pdflobby.com Kazley SM The effects of lingual appliance treatment on the skeleton, dentition, and TMJ (master thesis) Rochester: Eastman Dental Center, 1984 Kelly VM Interviews: on lingual orthodontics J Clin Orthod 1982;17:461–476 Kelly VM Eclipsing the treatment a history Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 King L, Smith RT, Wendt SL, Behrents RG Bond strengths of lingual orthodontic brackets bonded with light-cured composite resins cured by transillumination Am J Orthod 1987;91:312–315 Koyata H Systematic approach for lingual orthodontics in adult Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Kulen O Maxillary orthopedics by lingual orthodontics Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Kurz C, Bennet R Scientific report J Am Ling Orthod Assoc 1988:1(3) Kurz C Lingual orthodontics In: Marks M, Corn H, eds Atlas of adult orthodontics Philadelphia, London: Lea & Febiger, 1989 Kurz C, Gorman JC Lingual orthodontics: a status report: part 7A case reports— nonextraction J Clin Orthod 1983;83:310–321 Kurz C Keys of treatment Lingual orthodontics Course Syllabus, Ormco Corporation, 1989 Kurz C, Swartz ML, Andreiko C Lingual orthodontics: a status report: part 2: research and development J Clin Orthod 1982;16:735–740 L Leclerc JF Story of three clinical cases: infant cases, a severe class I, a 60 year old class III Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Lew KK Technique clinic customized template for prefabricating initial lingual archwires J Clin Orthod 1993;104:426 Lew KK Changes in lip contour following treatment maxillary protrusion with esthetic orthodontic appliances J Esthet Dent 1992;4:16–23 Lew KK Initial alignment with 008” pulse straightened supreme Wicock wire in lingual orthodontics Aust Orthod J 1991;12:53–54 M Macchi A Biomechanic aspects in the upper cuspid retraction Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 www.pdflobby.com Bibliography Mariotti J, Subtelny JD, Baker R, Mariotti M The speech effect of the lingual appliance (unpublished report) Ormco, Glendora, CA, 1984 Mariotti J The speech effect of the lingual appliance (masters thesis) Rochester: Eastman Dental Center, 1983 Matsui M Brushing method for lingual bracket technique J.J.O.S 1978;37:399–403 Moran KL Technique clinic: effective steel ligation for lingual appliances J Clin Orthod 1984;18:733 Mori Y, Sakayori M Severe Cl II treatment with the lingual-multi system: case-report of extraction treatment Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Muir JC Lingual orthodontic appliances: invisible braces N Z Dent J 1991;87:57–59 Muller G, Rossiwall B Reading time and articulation under masking noise and altered spatial conditions in the oral cavity Folia Phoniatr 1977;29:233–239 N Navarro CF Twelve service keys to a successful lingual practice Dallas, U.S.A Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Newman G A post-treatment survey of direct bonding of metal brackets Am J Orthod 1978;74:197–206 Nidoli G, Macchi A, Lazzati M Migliora l’estetica l’incollaggio linguale dei brackets Acttualia Dent 1988;4:12 P Paige SF A lingual light-wire technique J Clin Orthod 1982;16:534–544 Parisi BM A three dimensional view of the lingual appliance (master thesis) Rochester: Eastman Dental Center, 1989 Paz, M.E Multi-uses of the Ormco lingual appliance, Clinical Impressions 1992; 1(4):6–8, 15 Philippe J, Altounian G, Chabre C L’orthodontie de l’adulte SID Ed., Paris, 1989 Pierce JS The periodontal effect of lingual appliance part II (masters thesis) Rochester: Eastern Dental Center, 1985 Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 R Ronchin M Tecnica individuale di montaggio indiretto degli attacchi linguali Ediz Audiovisive Medical Video, Milano, 1991 www.pdflobby.com Ronchin M Aesthetics with lingual orthodontics: resolving class II malocclusions with molar distalisation Pract Perio Aesthet Dent 1994;6:51–58 Ronchin M, Oddini Carboni S, Dessi S Nuovi Orizzonti terapeutici la biomeccanica linguale Proceedings of the V Giornate Mediterranee di Odontoiatria, Naples, February 26–28, 1983 Ronchin M Present horizons and a future outlook on lingual approach: the fourwheel-drive biomechanics Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 S Scholz RP, Swartz ML Lingual orthodontics: a status report, part 3: indirect bonding—laboratory and clinical procedures J Clin Orthod 1982;16:812–820 Siciliani G Perspective on direct bonding in lingual technique Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Siciliani G Ortodonzia linguale Milano, Italy: Masson, 1992 Siciliani G, Fassetta F, Mula L Problematiche fonetiche nelle apparecchiature orthodontiche ad approccio linguale, Quaderni di odntostomatologia, Anno, IV, N 1, 1987 Siciliani G Apparecchiature orthodontiche linguali esperienze cliniche Dent Cadoms 1988;18:17–41 Sinclair PM, Cannito MF, Goates LJ, et al Patient responses to lingual appliances 1986;20:396–404 Sirianni AA, Graziano JP, Epstein MB Invisible lingual orthodontic appliance NY State Dent J 1985;51:480–481 Smith JR, Dunn RM Retention of the lingual patient J.A.L.O.A 1987;1:1,4–7 Smith JR, Gorman JC, Kurz C, Dunn RM Keys to success in lingual therapy—part J Clin Orthod 1986;89:252–261 Smith JR Lingual orthodontics: a status report: part 7B case reports—extraction J Clin Orthod 1983;84:464–473 Smith JR Twelve key principles of lingual orthodontic therapy J Am Ling Orthod Assoc 1988:1(2) Swarz ML Orthodontic archwire A contemporary view: personal communication, 1992 T Takemoto K Textbook and syllabus—a lingual orthodontics: clinical problems and solutions of lingual orthodontics www.pdflobby.com Bibliography Takemoto K Extraction mechanics in lingual orthodontics Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 Takemoto K Lingual orthodontics extractions therapy, Clinical Impressions 1995; 2–7, 18–21 Tanne K, Lu YC, Sakuda K Biomechanical responses of tooth to orthodontic forces applied at the lingual bracket positions J Osaka Univ Dent Sch 1992;32:6–13 Thomas RG Indirect bonding: simplicity in action J Clin Orthod 1979;13:93–106 Trucer AV, Erturk N The treatment of cross bites in the angle class I cases with modular 3-D lingual appliances Turk Orthodonti Derg 1990;3:129–134 V Velo S, Dal Bori G, Piubelli C Lingual technique: silent and invisible orthodontics Veneziani A The Pacon system: a new technical method for the placement of the brackets on the set-up for lingual technique Proceedings and Abstracts: First Congress of the European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Lido di Venezia, June 18–20, 1993 W Wildman AJ The future of lingual orthodontics Orthodontics: evaluation and future Moorrees and Van der Linden, Ed 1988:261–281 Z Zachrisson BU, Brobakken BO Clinical comparison of direct versus indirect bonding with different bracket types and adhesives Am J Orthod 1978;74:62–78 www.pdflobby.com Index Abrasive strips, 99 Acrylic caps, 169 Air rotor stripping, 85 Alexander, Dr Moody, Alexander, Dr Richard (Wick), Alignment, 63 enamel reduction and, 104 ideal, 173 American Lingual Orthodontic Association, American Orthodontics, Anatomy, lingual dental, 13 Anchorage, 47 bridges, 146 control, 76–81, 109 horizontal, 75 lower arch, 78–80 transpalatal bars, 146 upper arch, 77–78 vertical, 75 Anchorage value, 75 Andrews, Dr Lawrence, 13 Andriko, Craig, Appliances labial, 21, 43 lingual, 21, 29, 43 placement, 36–37 Arch, expanding the, 44 recontouring, 65 sagittal shift, 97 target, 187 template, 169 Arch geometry, 185 Archwire BAS, 185–193 bending, 185–193 “best fit”, 183 Class III cases, 65 computerized drawing of, 183 design, 189 detailing, 65–66 fabrication of, 172–173 final, 183 finishing, 64, 65–66, 173 ideal, 183 initial, 63–64, 170, 183 intermediate, 64–65 sequencing, 63–66, 117–118 target arch, 187 TMA, 115, 123–125 tracing, 100 Attachments, 15 Austenite, 55, 57–58 yield strength, 58 Baker, Dr Bob, Base pad adaptation, 11 Bending art system, 185–193 advantages, 189 case report, 190–193 ideal arch method, 187–188 set-up method, 188–189 therapeutic concept, 186 treatment planning, 189 Biocryl tray, 170 Biomechanics, 47–48 Bioplast, 171 Bioplast tray, 170 Bite, anterior open, 49, 64, 139, 141 Bite plane, 43–45 Bonding procedure, 36, 179 enamel reduction and, 100 in pediatric patients, 128–130 indirect, 175 molars, 60 Bowbeer, Dr Grant, 43 Bowing transverse bowing, 78, 79, 81 vertical and transverse, 109 Bracket failure, 36 initial placement, 36 interbracket distance, 22, 25, 56, 129 Kurz #7, 11 Lee Fisher, molar, 17, 18 placement, 180 www.pdflobby.com placement on model, 176 position, 22–23 Starfire, Buccolingual compensatory curve, 64 Bur, 101–102 CAD/CAM, 185 Canine/molar relationship Class I, 29 Class II, 29 Case history interproximal reduction, 104–107 Case presentations loop mechanics, 117–121 orthodontics-prosthodontics treatment, 149–152 orthognathic surgery, 139–140 sliding mechanics, 123–126 treatment goals, 48–53 Case report bending art system, 190–193 Class I malocclusion 190–193 nonextraction techniques, 86–90 pediatric, 131–133 Sirognathograph, 154–159 Center of resistance, 22, 47 Cephalometric analysis, 76, 112 Cephalometric models, 43 Cetlin appliance, 91–93 Chewing patterns, 153–159 abnormal, 159 case report, 154–159 Palculator, 157–159 Class I occlusion, achieving, 37–38 Clinical experience, the, 35–36 CO-CR discrepancy, 77 Composite base, 169 Concise body paste, 167 Control, appliance, 11 anchorage, 75–82, 109 Crossbite, 139, 141, 145 Crowding anterior, 33 bracket placement, 180–182 enamel reproximation and, 86 interproximal reduction, 104–107 mandibular, 141 severe, 64 severity of, 83 upper and lower, 49, 117 upper anterior, 60 upper arch, 92 Crown, porcelain, 36 Crozat appliance, 84, 87–90 Custom Lingual Appliance Set-Up Service (CLASS), 12, 48, 94–95, 131 technique, 163–173 Cutter archwire, 68 ligature, 67 ligature wire, 67 DALI program, 183–184 advantages, 184 Deformities, 135 Dental Lingual Assistant Association, Derotating, 32 Derotation, 63 Dessin del’ arc lingual informatisé (DALI), 183 See DALI Diastema, 188, 190 Displacement, anterior mandibular, 33 counteracting mesial, 32 Distalization bicuspid, 102, 103, 107 cuspid, 104 En masse retraction, 109–115 Enamel, 99 Enamel reproximation, 85–86 Eruption, forced, 145 Esthetics, 83 Esthetics and function, 153–159 ETM Corp., 67–71 European Society of Lingual Orthodontics, Examination, initial, 35 Expansion techniques, 84–90 Extraction vs nonextraction, 83 Favero, Dr Lorenzo, “Fence effect”, 81 Fillion, Dr Didier, 9, 187 Fillion’s indirect bonding system, 177–182 Force, shearing, 4, 10, 44 anterior-posterior, 82 elastic, 65, 80 intrusion, 110 protrusive, 156 retraction, 111 retrusive, 156 Forceps, mosquito, 69 www.pdflobby.com Index Forestodent, Fork first order bending, 70 second order bending, 71 French Lingual Orthodontic Society, Fujita, Dr Kinya, 7, 109 Gerkhardt, Dr Klaus, Gingival impingement, 10 Gorman, Dr Courtney, Gorman, Dr Jack, 5, Helical loop, 78, 110 protocol, 114 Hilgers, Dr James, Hinge cap opening tool, 69 Hooks, 15–18 ball, 19 gingival, 15 Hydrocolloid, 165 Hyrax RPE appliance, 141–143 “Ideal arch”, 187 Ideal arch method, 187–188 Ideal arch template, 173 Implants, 146 Interarch adjustment, 66 Interference, occlusal, 158 Interproximal reduction, 85, 97–107 alignment, 101 appliance bonding, 100 bicuspid/bicuspid, 103 cuspid/bicuspid, 103 incisors, 104 limits, 99 lower arch, 100 molar/bicuspid, 101 operative protocol, 100–104 principles, 97–100 protection, 99 upper arch, 100 Intrusion, anterior teeth, 22 Irritation, tissue, 9–10 Italian Association of Lingual Orthodontics, Jaw movements, 153 Kelly, Dr Vince, KGS Ormco Task Force Number Two, 8–9 Kurz, Dr Craven, 3–6, Kurz lingual appliance, the, 13, 14, 15 L-loop, 78, 110 protocol, 114 Labiolingual distances, 187 Labiolingual thickness, 176 Laboratory technician, 165–173 Lagerstrom, Dr Lennart, Lateral occlusal function, 81 LeFort I osteotomy, 137, 140 Levelling, 63 Ligation, 15 Lingual Task Force, Lingual therapy advantages, 21–22, 133 disadvantages, 21–22 Lobiondo, Dr Echarri P., 10 Loop mechanics, 109–115 protocol, 114 Loops, advancement, 37 Malocclusion, 23, 32–33 Class I, 49–53, 60, 86–90, 188, 190 Class II, 92, 117, 123 Class III, 79, 139, 141 skeletal Class I, 117 skeletal Class II, 154 Mandible, retruded, 44 Martensite, 55, 57–58 yield strength, 58 Maruyama, Prof Takao, 153 Maxillary arch expansion, 24–27, 33, 130, 136, 141–143 Measuring plates, 190, 191 Mechanics, treatment, 47 anchorage, 77–80 Mesiodistal tooth widths, 187 Mesognathic profile, 86–90 Microetch, 36 Midline shift, 51 Miller, Frank, Model, set-up, 166 die stone, 163 impression material, 163 lingual brackets, placement of, 166 removal of excess adhesive, 167 Molars, distalization of, 31–33 mesial movement of, 80 Movement, orthodontic, 27 Mulick, Dr Jim, Multidisciplinary cases, 145–148 www.pdflobby.com Napolitano, Dr John, Occlusal interference, 10 Occlusal plane dimensions, 165 Occlusal record, 168, 170 Occlusal scans, 186 Occlusion Class II, 23, 32–33 Class III, 26 deep bite, 23–24, 32–33, 44 Ormco, 3–8, 15 Ormco Task Force, Orthodontic-prosthetic treatment combined, 149–152 Orthognathic surgery, 135–140 case presentation, 139–140 orthodontic operative protocol, 135–137 surgical operative protocol, 137 Overjet, 123, 149, 154 Paige, Dr Steve, Palculator, 157–159 “Pattern generator”, 154 Paz, Dr Mario, Pediatrics, 127–134 candidate criteria, 127 case report, 131–133 evaluations, 128 laboratory procedures, 130–131 protocol, 128–130 therapeutic indications, 128 Pendulum “F”, 128–130 mechanics, 130 Perregaard, Dr Jorn, Phase II body paste, 167 Pickrel, Floyd, Placement, appliance, 12, 36–37 problems, 9–15 planning, 47–48 Placement, wire, 14 Plane anterior inclined, 16–18 inclined in brackets, 44 maxillary, 18–19 Plier bond removing, 70 Mathieu style, 69 utility, 68 Porcelain crowns, 86 Positioner, pedicle, Practice promotion, 38 Preprosthetic treatment, 146–147 Prescription, appliance, 12–14 Prescription sheet, 164 Prosthetic orthodontics, 145 Protrusive shift, 156 Quad-Helix device, 25, 136 Radiograph, panoramic, 35 Rapid palatal expansion device, 25, 136 Rebonding, 179–180 Remover, module, 71 Repositioning, mandibular, 27, 30 Rerotation preventing, 65 Resin, 150, 176, 179 Retractor, tongue, and saliva ejector, 70 Rigid internal fixation technique, 135 Rotation, 145 correction, 32 crowding, 180 overcorrecting bracket, 181 Scholz, Dr Bob, Scuzzo, Dr Guiseppe, Scwartz, Dr Michael, Segmental technique, 151 Set-up method, 188–189 advantages, 188 Shape memory wires, 55–61 alignment with, 59–60 alloys, 55, 57 elastic modulus, 57 superelasticity, 56 Silane, 36 Silicone, 179 Sirognathograph, 153–154, 158 Sliding mechanics, 38, 61, 78 advantages, 111 case presentation, 123–126 disadvantages, 110 during en masse retraction, 109–115 protocol, 114 Smith, Dr Bob, 5, Space closure, 38, 51–53, 60–61, 64, 65, 78 en masse retraction, 109–115 extraction, 78 hybrid composite resin, 150–151 porcelain laminate veneers, 152 uprighting of molars, 145 Speech difficulties, 9, 10, 149 www.pdflobby.com Index Splint, 28 Stability, 179 Stabilization, 78 Stereoscopic camera, 185 Straight wire appliance, 13, 47 Straight wire concept, 187 Strauch, Ernie, Support, posterior acrylic, 28, 75 Surgical rapid maxillary expansion, 141–143 T-loop, 78, 110 protocol, 114 Takemoto, Dr Kyoto, 10 TARG See Torque angulation referencing guide Template, 163 Template caps, 190, 191 Temporomandibular dysfunction, 27 Thickness measurement system, 177–182, 184 advantages, 184 bonding procedure, 179 rebonding, 179–180 standardization, 178 transfer system, 179 Tip, 175, 176 Tip control, 63 Tongue thrust, 81 Torque, 66, 175 Torque and angulation, 175, 176 Torque angulation referencing guide (TARG) system, 12, 175–177 advantages 184 Transfer system, 179 Transfer trays, 170 cutting, 172 fabrication, 170–171, 176 model preparation, 170 sectioning, 172 Transpalatal bar, 16–17 Treatment planning, 185 archwire design, 189 distribution of tooth movement, 189 number of archwires, 189 wire material, 189 Treatment sequence, 37–38 Treatment target, 186 ideal arch method, 187–188 set-up method, 188–189 Ulceration preventing, 36 Unitek, Wildman, Dr Jim, 3–4 Young’s modulus, 57 www.pdflobby.com ... G Ortodonzia Linguale Milano, Italy: Masson 1992 www.pdflobby.com Lingual Orthodontics in a Labial Orthodontics Office J C O U RT N EY G O R M A N , D D S , M S Lingual orthodontics. .. DDS Visiting Professor in Lingual Orthodontics Specialization School of Orthodontics University of Ferrara, Italy Didier Fillion, DDS Private Practice, Limited to Lingual Orthodontics Paris, France... Mechanics Lingual Orthodontics: Historical Perspective Craven Kurz, DDS, PhD, Rafi Romano, DMD, MSc Present Clinical Reality Massimo Ronchin, MD, DDS Lingual Orthodontics