An introduction to orthodontics docx

                                                        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                                                                                                                                           I              VI                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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and carried out by an experienced • Are the tootn movements planned atta\nable? This is considered in more detail i n Chapter 7 but, i n brief tooth movement is only feasible within the constraints of the skeletal and growth patterns of the individual patient The wrong treatment plan, or failure to anti­ cipate adverse growth changes will reduce the chances of... arise anteriorly in the mandible and are typically a lower primary incisor, which has erupted prematurely If the tooth (or teeth) interferes with breast feeding or is so mobile that there is a danger of in halation removal is indicated and this can usually be accompl i shed with topical anaesthesia If the tooth is symptomless, it can be left in situ 3.2.3 Eruption cyst An eruption cyst is caused by an. .. less abra­ tooth - a scenario which questioning may reveal also affected the sive diet, so that less interproximal tooth wear occurs during the li(etime patient's parent suggesting an inherited problem However if in the of an individual However, this is not the whole story, as a change from latter example caries (an environmental factor) has led to early loss of a rural to an urban life-style can also... molars) due to crowding displacement the presence of supemumerary teeth, retained deciduous teeth, and any pathological cause 5i 0 0 I Extensive hypodontia with restorative implications (more than one tooth missing in any quadrant) requiring pre­ restorative orthodontics o o o o o 0 Increased overjet greater than 9 mm 5h o o o o o o o o o o Reverse overjet 1 1-3.5 mm with recorded masticatory and speech... Davies S J Gray, R M J., Sandler P J and O'Brien K D (2001) Orthodontics and oc clusion British Dental Journal 191, 539-49 This tont)�e artide \s part of a series of articles on otdusion It contains an example of an articulatory e,camination Egermark, 1 Magnusson T and Carlsson G.£ (2003) A 20-year follow­ up of signs and symptoms oftemporomandibular disorders in subjects with and without orthodontic... failure of eruption of any tooth in either arch can be caused by a supernumerary Management of this problem involves removing the supernumerary tooth and ensuring that there is sufficient space to accommodate the unerupte d tooth in the arch lfthe tooth does not erupt spontaneously within 1 year, then a second operation to expose it and apply orthodontic traction may be required Management of a patient... However if the diastema ·,s greater th an 3 mm and the lateral incisors are present, it may be necessary to consider appliance treatment to approximate the central incisors to provide space for the laterals and canin es to erupt However, care should be taken to ensure that the roots of the teeth being moved are not pressed against any unerupted crowns as this can lead to root resorption If the crowns of... prevails If a temporary predominance of repair occurs this can result in ankylosis and infra-occlusion of the affected primary molar The results of recent epidemiological studies have suggested a genetic tendency to this phenomenon and also an association with other dental anomalies including ectopic eruption of first permanent molars palatal displacement of maxillary canines, and congenital absence of premolar... deciduous tooth may be indicated if it becomes abscessed or the permanent tooth becomes carious and restoration precluded by poor access The resultant space toss can be dealt with in the permanent dentition Fig 3.13 Marked submergence of deciduous molar (with second premolar affected) �v1anagement of the developing dentition Fig 3.14 Impacted bilateral upper first permanent molars deflected palatally, and... standards BntJsh Dento/Journol 170, 107-1 2 An interesting paper on the role of indices with good explanation� of the IOTN and the PAR index Tang, E L K and Wei , S H Y (1993) Recording and measuring malocclusion: a review of the literature Amencan Journal of Orthodontics ond Dentof oetol Orthopedics 103 344-51 Useful for those rescarchmg the !.ubject References for this chapter can also be found at