Exam essentials proficiency practice tests 2 3

., PAPER Writing PAPER Use of English Part Part Part For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap PAPER Listening PAPER Speaking Graphology is not a new science but it is being used increasingly by businesses to assist employers in the (1) process Some companies have been using Question 1: Two of the options are often used in a military context; one option is often used when taking about a school, college or course; one is not generally used to refer to a process The correct option means 'the process of finding new people to work in a business or organisation' Question 2: Look at the words before and after the gap The gapped word is part of an expression that means 'be very likely to get something' Question 4: The options are somewhat formal words and some of them are not used often any more The meaning of the correct word is 'in that way' graphology consultants for years to analyse the handwriting samples of job applicants or even employees who are in (2) for promotion They claim that handwriting can reveal a great deal about a person's personality, and this is (3) , not only in deciding whom to employ but also which people can work together without friction, (4) contributing to a positive atmosphere in the workplace By studying a person's handwriting, graphologists claim they can reveal personality (5) more precisely than is possible through a standard interview A further advantage of handwriting analysis is that assessments are not affected by any personal (6) ,as the writer's race, religion and age remain unknown A employment A standby A expendable A henceforth A qualities A biases B B B B B B recruitment track dispensable thereby attributes predispositions C C C C C C enrolment review priceless whereby traits partialities D D D D D D conscription line invaluable wherefore characters suppositions Question 7: Which option is used to refer to a single individual or item that represents a group or class? Question 9: The options all have a similar meaning, but the correct one can be used to describe something that is hard to catch or find The other options describe things or people that are hard to define, describe, see or touch Question 11: The options all have a similar meaning, but only one collocates with 'on film' Question 12: Three of the options can be used to describe a person who follows another person or trespasses on private property Only one option can be used to refer to a hunting animal Scientists are excited by recent photographs of the world's largest invertebrate, the giant squid Although (7) have previously been found in the stomachs of sperm whales or (8) up on shores, this is the first time that a live animal has been photographed in its natural environment A team of Japanese scientists managed to locate the squid by tracking sperm whales, which are known to hunt these (9) animals, in the North Pacific They lowered cameras attached to a baited line to a depth of about 900 metres - so far below the surface that no light can (10) even during the day - and succeeded in attracting an eight-metre squid and (11) it on film In fact, the squid appeared to be attacking the baited line For centuries this behemoth of the deep has been something of a mystery, with nothing at all known about its behaviour Now it seems that the giant squid may be more of a (12) than was previously thought A A A 10 A 11 A 12 A examples washed obscure probe seizing marauder B samples B poured B elusive B pierce B arresting B prowler C C C C C C D instances specimens drifted D waved indefinite perforate capturing predator D D D D intangible penetrate captivating stalker ti I Ii Question 13: The correct option is used to refer to a feeling that something bad is going to occur Question 15: Only one of the options can be used to describe hair that is thin and messy The other options can be used to describe meat that is tough to chew, limbs that show strong muscles or a rocky mountain! Question 18: Only one of the options collocates with 'dust' The other options can be used to refer to small patches or pieces of colour or paint, or microscopic insects! With a feeling of dark (13) I returned the mirror to the shop this morning Nonetheless, I was barely surprised to find the old woman was expecting me 'You managed to keep it longer than the others: she said, as I laid my parcel down in the space she had cleared amongst the junk that (14) the table 'Thanks for the experience: I said, 'but I think I'd better get on with my own life now.' The old crone smiled knowingly lifted the mirror up, presumably to see my face in it one last time: the dull, tired eyes and the (16) in as she removed the string and newspaper and check it for signs of damage I had the chance to same (15) blond hair with wisps of grey, my my brow that the events of last year had scarred me with As I turned to leave she put a (17) hand on my shoulder and said, 'You did well, Caroline Remember it is better to reflect, not regret.' A chill ran through me as she flashed her toothless gums at me and opened the door I turned and made my way out through the swirling (18) of dust into the bright sunlight 13 14 15 16 17 18 of the street outside A intuition A A A A A cluttered gristly furrows distorted flakes B B B B B B foreboding disordered straggly grooves gnarled flecks C C C C C C premonition jumbled sinewy tracks knotted motes D prescience D muddled D craggy D troughs D warped D mites PAPER writing PAPER:3 Use of English You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with childhood For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text PAPER4 listening PAPER Speaking Question 19: It may appear that all of the options are correct, but read the first two paragraphs carefully You should be able to eliminate one option straight away Another option is true in itself, but it does not really answer the question A third option may confuse you, but ask yourself if the text actually says this The Importance of Play' I remember spending whole evenings playing outside with my friends, whatever the weather Sure, there was some perfunctory attention paid to homework in the half hour or so of the day left before bedtime, but it was generally just consolidation of what we'd studied in class Since then scientific stUdies have shown that play is more than just a leisure activity for children Intelligence and aptitude tests have demonstrated that not only is play fundamental to learning and developing skills, it is also a means by which the brain can grow, facilitating its own capacity to learn, create and think That is why it saddens me to read that yet another piece of research indicates that our children don't play nearly enough Children's literacy scores are in decline, their verbal skills are atrocious and they lack imagination and creativity Is it any coincidence that so many also suffer from obesity and poor health and find it harder to make friends? We urge them to spend longer at their homework, but the sad truth is that by not playing, their capacity for learning is grievously curtailed, no matter how rigorous their academic drive With the current focus on schoolwork, children are missing out on a key part of their development - and a great deal of fun 19 According to the text, play is important because A it consolidates what is learned in class B it is a fun way of spending free time C it ensures proper cerebral development D it improves intellectual performance 20 Children who study but don't play A are less able to assimilate what they are taught B will only improve their aptitude at spelling C suffer from a variety of eating disorders D find it harder to develop socially Ii Question 21: Underline words in the text that refer to the place the children are exploring The type of place may not be stated explicitly, but there is enough information in the text to enable you to eliminate the incorrect options and choose the correct one! The Dare I was beginning to wish I'd never dared him to go inside He must've been gone about five minutes by my reckoning, but I'd got muddled counting There was nothing for it but to go in after him I inched cautiously towards the splintered black hole in front of me, halfsquatting in the moon-cast shadows until I reached the doorstep With all the courage I could muster, I peered inside My imagination was too busy filling the shadows with ghouls and spectres to register the stark decaying grandeur of the place All I could hear was my own personal bogeyman chasing me - a thumping sound in my ears that only years later did I realise was actually my pulse I opened my mouth to call Timmy's name, convinced now that they had got him and whisked him off to wherever it was they spent the daylight hours, but my mouth was so dry that nothing came out As my eyes adjusted to the gloom, my eight-year-old mind was already in conflict with my body, my muscles battling against a primordial instinct to turn, run, go back the way I'd come 'Timmy!' I croaked I waited, but it didn't look as if anyone was going to favour me with an answer 21 The children seem to be exploring A an enormous cave B a tumbledown shack C a derelict mansion D a disused mineshaft 22 The writer thought that Timmy A had been caught by the authorities B had been abducted by ghosts C had been devoured by wild animals D was hiding in the darkness s e Ii ~ tips Question 23: It may look as if several of the options are correct, but they complete the question stem correctly? Read the text carefully for clues as to why the writer was beginning to feel frustrated A I remember DAy AT PlAYGROUP a day when I was confronted been having a difficult morning by a five-year-old I had asked the children to clear away their painting things and a few were being delightfully about it in the exuberant way that children told several times nonetheless determined articulate have, but a few had to be One girl in particular not to hear me I approached who had seemed her and gently said, 'Sylvia, could you put away your paints now please?' She stopped what she was doing and screamed at me at the top of her voice: 'Go away!' I was taken aback and the other children wide with alarm, they watched However, were shocked Their eyes me, anticipating my reaction ( realised that the child probably had to express her feelings at that moment, her anger would as we all from time to time Bottling up have caused more problems She might have taken it out on another child later on, or she might grow up feeling that society was treating her unjustly I took a deep breath and said: '( know how you feel! I've been wanting to say that to you lot all day too Now, why don't we all go outside and play, and then we'll feel better.' 23 The writer was beginning to feel exasperated because some children A were being aggressive B were ignoring her commands C were making too much noise D were taking too long to put away their things 24 The writer decided not to punish Sylvia because she A B C D didn't want the child to dislike her felt intimidated by the child's attitude didn't want other children to see her being punished thought it would ultimately be detrimental to the child ere are two to think about ~ I what does the -:3 ? Secondly, why e text? The second question =~oose the correct Evolution and children If we are asked to envisage an archetypal human being, the picture that comes into our minds may be male 0): female It may be black, white or yellow, but it will almost certainly be an adult We take it for granted that adulthood is the meaningful part of our existence, and everything prior to it is merely preparation The old adage quoted by Samuel Butler is often cited but has not yet been fully assimilated: 'A hen is an egg's way of making another egg.' It is very difficult for any of us to think of ourselves as a baby's way of making another baby So there is a tendency in discussions about human evolution to overlook the fact that at every step of the journey there were not only males and females, but also babies, infants and children, and natural selection would never have favoured one age group at too great a cost to any of the others Regarding children as smaller, imperfect copies of ourselves, we explain much of their behaviour in the way we explain the rough-andtumble play of cubs and kittens, calling it 'preparation for adult life' or 'developing the skills that they will later need.' That is strange, because it is one of the inviolable tenets of evolutionary theory that what an animal is or does is governed by events that have happened, not events that are going to happen Only in describing the young is it acceptable to believe that a mammal's behaviour is governed by the future that awaits it, rather than the history that lies behind it 25 The quotation by Samuel Butler is used to demonstrate that A we not appreciate the role childhood plays in our evolution S other animals have similar developmental patterns to human beings C we often give paradoxical examples to justify our points D we consider childhood to be a necessary part of our lifecycle 26 According to the writer, it is strange to assume that childhood is 'preparation for adult life' because A the young of many animal species play in order to develop S children are not mature enough to understand their needs C an animal's behaviour is determined by its species' past D the behaviour of some animals influences their evolution in the future 2PAPER3 Use of English You are going to read an article about species loss Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33) There is one extra paragraph which you not need to use PAPER4 listening PAPER5 Speaking Ringing the Alarm for -Earth Peter Raven is a botanist He knows about photosynthesis, primary productivity and sustainable growth He knows that all flesh is grass; that the richest humans and the hungriest alike depend ultimately on plants for food, fuel, clothing, medicines and shelter, and that all of these come from the kiss of the sun on warm moist soils, to quicken growth and ripen grain [E]~ _ The global population is about to soar from six billion to nine billion in less than a lifetime Around 800 million humans are starving, and maybe two billion are malnourished, while three billion survive on two dollars a day ~ -By many, Raven means perhaps half to two thirds of all the other species on the planet in the next 100 years There could be ten million different kinds of fern, fungus, flowering plant, arthropod, amphibian, reptile, bird, fish and mammal on Earth Nobody knows People such as Raven, director of the Missouri Botanic Gardens in St Louis, are doing their best to count and preserve them [3!J~ _ Some of these organisms are now being chased to oblivion by human population growth at levels that ecosystems cannot sustain ~ -There are ways of confirming species loss, even if it cannot be established how many species there were in the first place Look at the vertebrates and molluscs in fossil records, Raven says, just for the past sixty-five million years or so 'You find that the average life of a species is two to three million years and you get about one species per million becoming extinct per year in the fossil record Those particular groups are a small sample, but they are a real sample,' he says Q!J_ That works out at hundreds of creatures per year over the past four centuries, and even more when humans, rats and other invaders started colonising islands: 2,000 species have vanished from the Pacific basin alone since the Polynesians got there 1,200 years ago CEJ _ There are various wild creatures that get along with humans and follow them everywhere: cockroaches, fleas, ticks, rats, cats, pigs, cattle, scavenger birds, lusty weeds These invade little islands of ancient biodiversity, take over, and see the natives off the premises And not just islands: one third of all endangered plants in the continental US are threatened because of alien invaders, Raven says In Hawaii, it is 100 percent CEJ _ Ecosystems are not static They change, naturally They burn, are grazed or browsed, they regenerate, flood and silt up But left to themselves, they go on providing services that humans and other creatures value A mangrove swamp provides a habitat for shrimps It cannot be improved by draining it for a tourist beach, or building a large city on it Its natural value would be dissipated 'An ecosystem itself undamaged is very, very resilient, and the more simplified it gets, the less resilient Globally, what we are doing is simplifying them all, simultaneously, which is a very dangerous large-scale experiment,' Raven says A Ecosystems, Raven says, can be whatever you like Hedgerows in Hampshire are an ecosystem; so are weeds on a railway line at Hammersmith Savannahs, grasslands, prairies, rainforests, dry forests, pine forests, uplands, heathlands, downlands, wetlands, mangrove swamps, estuaries, oxbow lakes and coral reefs are all ecosystems, and they survive on diversity The greater the variety of microbes, plants and animals in an ecosystem, the more resilient it is and the better it works for all, including humans So it would not be a good idea to evict at least half of these creatures, especially if nothing is known about them But, Raven says, that is what is happening B 'Then you can start with the literature in about 1600, when people began to care enough about organisms to be able to document them well, and for the groups that they were documenting - birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies and plants - then you can say, "What was the rate over the past 400 years? It's tens of times or hundreds of times the level it was before." , C Global warming is not going to help, either What happens to the unique assembly of plants in the Cape region of Africa as the thermometer rises? They cannot migrate south There is no land south of the Cape So many will perish o As he keeps pointing out, the human species is living as if it had more than one planet to occupy Forty years ago, he and colleagues tried to calculate the economic cost of exporting humans to a star system likely to be orbited by habitable planets They worked out that it would cost the entire gross economic product of the planet to ship just twelve people a year to Proxima Centauri or beyond His message for the planet is, 'Think, look at the big picture, and think again' estion 2S;,Look at the beginning of the paragraph after ~ gap There is a key word here which also occurs in the _ ect optiC;n ion 29,tThe paragraph after the gap mentions ",anisms'; 'human population growth' and 'ecosystems' h optiQ[lalso mentions these key words and could fit _7 [ But the human population is growing at the rate of about 10,000 an hour, and each human depends on a hectare or two of land and water for what economists now call 'ecosystem services' - the organisms that ultimately recycle waste and deliver new wealth to provide oxygen, fresh food, clean water, fuel, new clothes, safe shelter and disposable income f Valuable agricultural land is being poisoned or parched or covered in concrete, soils eroded, rivers emptied and aquifers drained to feed the swelling numbers Something has -got to give, and the first things to go are many of the plants and animals G So botanists such as Raven begin with the big picture of sustainable growth and can calculate to the nearest planet how much land and sea it would take to sustain the population of the world if everybody lived as comfortably as the Americans, British or French The answer is three planets H There is another way of checking, Raven says, pioneered by, among others, sociobiologist and evolutionary psychologist Edward O Wilson There is a logarithmic relationship between the area of habitat and the species that inhabit it Measure a patch of forest and count a sample of the species in it Then compare it with another patch of forest ten times smaller The smaller one will have only half the sample species count This has been shown in thousands of individual observations, he says So destroying forests piecemeal is a way of extinguishing creatures Question 30: The sentence after the gap suggests that the correct option talks about species loss The gapped paragraph may also be linked to the paragraph before it Question 31: Look at the first sent~ncein the paragraph after the gap It appears to be an answer to a question Can you find the question in one ofthe6ptions? PAPER2 Writing You are going to read an extract from a book For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B, C or OJ which you think fits best according to the text PAPER3 Use of English PAPER4 Listening PAPER Speaking Reviewers and students have educated me not only about how I write, but about why I write Apparently, I wish to capture the immigrant experience, to demystify Chinese culture, to show the differences between Chinese and American culture, to pave the way for other Asian-American writers - and I have a whole host of other equally noble motivations The truth is, I write for more self-serving reasons that is, I write for myself I write because I enjoy stories and make-believe I write because if! didn't, I'd probably go crazy Thus I write about questions that disturb me, images that mystify me, or memories that cause me anguish and pain I write about secrets, lies, and contradictions, because within them are many kinds of truth In other words, I write stories about life as I have misunderstood it To be sure, it's a ChineseAmerican life, but that's the only one I've had so far Contrary to what some students, professors, reporters, and fund-raising organizations assume, I am not an expert on China, Chinese culture, mahjong, the psychology of mothers and daughters, generation gaps, immigration, illegal aliens, assimilation, acculturation, racial tension, Tiananmen Square, Most Favoured Nation trade agreements, human rights, Pacific Rim economics, the purported one million missing baby girls of China, the future of Hong Kong after 1997, or, I am sorry to say, Chinese cooking Certainly I have personal opinions on any of these topics, especially food, but by no means my sentiments or my world of make-believe make me an expert And so I am alarmed when reviewers and educators assume that my very personal, specific, and fictional stories are meant to be representative, down to the smallest detail, of not just Chinese-Americans but sometimes all Asian culture Is Jane Smiley's A Thousand Acres supposed to be representative of all American culture? Do all American daughters serve their tyrannical fathers· the same breakfast every morning? Do all sisters betray each other? Are all conscientious objectors flaky in love relationships? Why readers and reviewers assume that a book with Chinese-American characters can encompass all the demographics and personal histories of Chinese America? My editor at Putnam tells me that over the years i· she has received hundreds of permission requests from publishers of college textbooks and multicultural anthologies, wishing to reprint my work for W educational purposes One publisher wanted to include Ii an excerpt from The Joy Luck Club, a scene in which a ii' woman invites her non-Chinese boyfriend to her ~ parents' house for dinner The boyfriend brings a bottle of wine as a gift and commits a number of social r• gaffes at the dinner table Students were supposed to ~ read this excerpt, then answer the following question: 'If you are invited to a Chinese family's house for! dinner, should you bring a bottle of wine?' My editor ~ and I agreed to turn down that permission request ,f; I hear that my books and essays are now on the i:"· required-reading lists for courses in ethnic studies, Asian-American studies, Asian-American literature, I: Asian-American history, women's literature, feminist ~ studies, feminist writers of colour, and so forth I am proud to be on these lists What writer wouldn't want Ii·Hi her work to be read? But there's a small nagging r question that whispers into my ear once in a while: ~: 'What about American literature?' I: I' I!~ r Iii I know I'm not supposed to complain, or at least not too loudly After all, I am one of the lucky writers to be read, in classrooms, by the mainstream, and in CliffNotes I have had many readers tell me that they read my books because they feel the stories are about universal emotions between mothers and daughters But as my mother has often told me, I have an attitude I have an attitude not just about my books but about literature in general I have this attitude that American literature, if such a classification exists, should be more democratic than the colour of your skin or whether rice or potatoes are served at your fictional dinner table And so I ask myself and sometimes others: Who decides what is American fiction? Why is it that works of fiction by minority writers are read mainly for the study of class, gender, and race? Why is it so hard to break out of this literary ghetto? Ii ii: I !i If ;: ~; r rt ~~ ~ ~ ~ I,a.fltial tips Question 34: What is the writer's tone here? If you compare the first sentence of the second paragraph with the sentence in question, you should notice a change in tone and this should help you choose the correct option Question 36: What point is the writer making in this paragraph about her own work? How does mentioning another novel strengthen her argument? Question 37: To find the answer to this question, you have to read between the lines What had the writer intended to express in her novel? What did the question on the'excerpt from the novel show? Question 39: Why does the writer mention rice and potatoes in the last paragraph? Can you detect a hintof sarcasm here? 34 Why does the writer use the word 'Apparently' in line 2? A to emphasise that some readers misunderstand her reasons for writing B because she had not been aware of how her work was perceived by others C to indicate that she has not given much thought to her true reasons for writing D to show that she is not interested' in any of the subjects mentioned subsequently 35 Why some people assume that the writer is an expert on China? A because she writes about topical Chinese issues B because she expresses h-er views about Chinese culture in her fiction C because she has strong feelings about anything to with China D because she often touches upon Chinese themes in her fiction 36 The writer mentions Jane Smiley's novel in the fourth paragraph because A it contains untenable generalisations about American life and culture B although it is an American novel, the reader does not expect to draw conclusions about American culture from it C it deals with the same themes as the ones in her own novels and is peopled by similar characters D it deals with the difficult relationship between daughters and fathers 37 Why did the writer and her editor refuse a request to publish an excerpt from The Joy Luck Club? A because the excerpt would have given readers an inaccurate idea of Chinese culture B because the excerpt might have misled readers about correct Chinese etiquette C because one of the questions on the text showed that the point of the scene had been misunderstood D because one of the questions on the text would have been unfair to students 38 The writer implies that her books A B C D are are are are popular with ordinary readers read mainly by academics studied by mothers and daughters largely unknown to the general public 39 What is the writer's main point in the last paragraph? A B C D She She She She thinks academics classify American literature incorrectly does not consider the way American literature is classified to be fair thinks nobody is properly qualified to classify American literature thinks socio-political issues in literature should not be the subjects of study 40 We can infer from the text that the writer is A B C D an American citizen with Asian roots a Chinese citizen with an American background an Asian-American living in Hong Kong an illegal Chinese immigrant living in America mft"",""-3 _ Money can't buy happiness but it helps! Plastic money provides apparently limitless spending power Young people run up huge debts Credit cards encourage a 'simply must have' attitude towards material goods Photograph (A) seems to be relevant/irrelevant I think we could away/dispense that accumulate acquisition affluence/wealth bankruptcy budget buy consumer goods on credit buy on impulse consumer society credit card debt desire to impress others expend itu re greed to with picture (A) on the grounds interest rates keeping up with the Joneses lack of financial awareness materialistic material possessions peer pressure personal loan plastic money poverty/destitution shopping spree status symbol stock market stocks and shares l fend for yourself (phr) to look after yourself without relying on help from others threshold (n) if you are on the threshold of something exciting or new, you are about to experience it wry (adj) referring to a bad situation in an amusing way PAPER writing HPART3 anthem (n) a song which is used to represent a particular nation, society or group, and which is sung on special occasions stud (n) a small piece of metal that is attached to a surface for decoration ~~PART HPART infiltration (n) the act of entering an organisation or group secretly in order to influence it cyber cafe (n) a cafe with computers where people can pay to use the Internet engrossed (adj) if you are engrossed in something, it holds your attention zombie (n) a person whose face or behaviour shows no feeling, understanding or interest in what is going on around them exert (v) to use influence, authority or pressure in a strong or determined way, especially in order to produce a particular effect inevitable (adj) certain to happen; unavoidable compromise (v) to something which damages someone's position or their reputation designation (n) a description, name or title that is given to something pristine (adj) extremely clean or new indigenous (adj) indigenous people or things belong to the country in which they are found, rather than coming there or being brought there from another country prudent (adj) sensible and careful conduct (n) the way someone behaves in particular situations PAPER3 Use of English ~~PART hieroglyphics (n) symbols in the form of pictures which are used in some writing systems, for example those of ancient Egypt linguistic (adj) relating to language or linguistics baffle (v) to confuse someone decipher (v) to work out what a piece of writing says, even though it is very difficult to read or understand slab (n) a thick, flat piece of something, such as a stone basalt (n) a type of black rock that is produced by volcanoes fortress (n) a castle or other large strong building which is intended to be difficult for enemies to enter inscription (n) writing carved into something made of stone or metal, for example a gravestone or medal HPART rabies (n) a serious disease which causes people and animals to go mad and die lair (n) a place where a wild animal lives, usually a place which is underground or well-hidden flap (v) if a bird or insect flaps its wings, the wings move quickly up and down sonar (n) a method of finding the position of an object using sound waves nocturnal (adj) occurring at night navigation (n) the science of deciding which course to follow and steering a ship or an aircraft there echolocation (n) a system used by some animals to determine the position of an object by measuring how long it takes for an echo to return from the object groom (v) to clean an animal's fur, usually by brushing it contract (v) to become ill with a serious illness or disease pest (n) an insect or small animal which damages crops or food supplies nectar (n) a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect pollen (n) a fine powder produced by flowers which fertilises other flowers of the same species so that they produce seeds enigma (n) something or someone that is mysterious or difficult to understand tangle (v) to twist together in an untidy way vaccine (n) a substance containing a harmless form of the germs that cause a particular disease which is given to people, usually by injection, to prevent them getting that disease exclude (v) to prevent someone from entering a place or taking part in an activity nII_2 _ PAPER Reading ~~PART graphology (n) the study of people's handwriting in order to discover what sort of personality they have consultant (n) a person who gives expert advice to a person or organisation on a particular subject friction (n) disagreement and argument between people assessment (n) a judgement about someone or something after they have been considered or reviewed invertebrate (n) a creature that does not have a spine track (v) to follow someone's or something's movements, often by means of a special device such as a satellite or radar bait (v) to put food on a hook or in a trap in order to catch fish or animals behemoth (n) something extremely large in size or power crone (n) an ugly old woman wisp (n) a small, thin, untidy bunch of hair flash (v) if you flash a look or a smile at someone, you suddenly look at them or smile at them gums (n) the areas of firm, pink flesh inside your mouth, which your teeth grow out of swirl (v) to move round and round quickly ~ PART perfunctory (adj) done quickly and carelessly and showing a lack of interest in what you are doing consolidation (n) the strengthening of something you have, such as power, knowledge or success, so that it becomes more effective or secure aptitude test (n) a test that is specially designed to find out how easily and how well you can something facilitate (v) to make an action or process easier or more likely to happen in decline (phr) gradually decreasing in importance, quality or power atrocious (adj) of poor quality; very bad obesity (n) the state of being extremely fat capacity (n) the ability to something, or the amount of it that you are able to grievous (adj) extremely serious or worrying in its effects curtail (v) to reduce; to limit reckoning (n) a calculation made about something, especially a calculation that is not very exact squat (v) to lower yourself towards the ground, balancing on your eet with your legs bent muster (v) to gather something together so that you can use it more effectively peer (v) to look at something very hard, usually because it is difficult '0 see clearly ghoul (n) an imaginary evil spirit spectre (n) a ghost stark (adj) very plain in appearance ecay (v) to be gradually destroyed by a natural process randeur (n) the impressiveness of a building or piece of scenery, ~sually because of its size, beauty or power - geyman (n) an imaginary evil spirit ulse (n) the regular beating of blood through your body, which you ~n feel when you touch particular parts of your body, especially your !Tist isk off (phr v) to take someone away or move them there quickly nflict (n) a state of mind in which you find it impossible to make a : ision Ie (v) to try hard to something in spite of very difficult - umstances ordial (adj) belonging to a very early time in the history of the : Id ak (v) to say something in a low, rough voice ont (v) to stand or sit in front of someone, especially when you oing to fight, argue or compete with them late (adj) able to express your thoughts and ideas easily and erant (adj) full of energy, excitement and cheerfulness ken aback (phr v) if you are taken aback by something, you are _ 'sed or shocked by it and you cannot respond at once e up (phr v) not to express or show strong feelings, especially - his makes you tense or angry -' out on someone (phr) to behave in an unpleasant way towards - ne because you feel angry or upset, even though this is not ':ault • ge (v) to imagine that something is true, real or likely to happen " In) something which people often say and which expresses a =01 truth about some aspect of life to quote or mention something, especially as an example or what you are saying ate (v) to learn or adopt new ideas, techniques or information - Ie (adj) if a law or principle is inviolable, you must not break it ) a principle on which a theory or belief is based ~~;vnthesis (n) the process by which green plants make their food ':: - light, carbon dioxide and water hie (adj) used to describe the use of natural resources when ::2 is kept at a steady level that is not likely to damage the _- ent ::: j) slightly wet :0 become ripe or ready for eating : increase quickly by a great deal hed (adj) physically weak because you not eat enough : not eat the right kind of food :::alant that has long stems with feathery leaves and no _=s:~ - a plant that has no flowers, leaves or green colouring, such oom or a toadstool n) an invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, : des the insects, crustaceans, arachnids and myriapods ~~m Arthropods are characterised by a chitinous exoskeleton and a segmented body to which jointed appendages are articulated in pairs amphibian (n) an animal such as a frog or toad that can live both on land and in water reptile (n) a cold-blooded animal whose skin is covered with scales, and which lays eggs Snakes, lizards, tortoises and crocodiles are reptiles oblivion (n) extinction; total destruction vertebrate (n) an animal which has a spine Fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals are vertebrates mollusc (n) an animal such as a snail, clam or octopus which has a soft body Many molluscs have a hard shell to protect them colonise (v) when animals colonise a place, they go to live there and make it their home; when an area is colonised by a type of plant, the plant grows there in large amounts cockroach (n) a large brown insect that is sometimes found in warm places or where food is kept flea (n) a very small jumping insect that has no wings and feeds on the blood of humans or animals tick (n) a small creature which lives on the bodies of people or animals and uses their blood as food lusty (adj) healthy and full of strength and energy biodiversity (n) the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural environment see off (phr v) to defeat (an opponent) native (n) a plant or animal that lives or grows in a particular region or area naturally and was not brought there premises (n) the buildings and land that occupy one place alien (adj) not belonging to a place naturally graze (v) to eat the grass or other plants that are growing in a particular place browse (v) to feed on plants regenerate (v) to heal and grow again after being damaged silt up (phr v) to become choked with fine sand, sailor mud that is carried by a river mangrove (n) a tree with roots which are above the ground and that grows along coasts or on the banks of large rivers in hot countries swamp (n) an area of very wet land with wild plants growing in it drain (v) to dry a place by causing water to flow out of it dissipate (v) when something dissipates, it becomes less or becomes less strong until it disappears or goes away completely resilient (adj) able to recover easily and quickly from unpleasant or damaging events simultaneous (adj) happening or existing at the same time prairie (n) a large area of flat, grassy land in North America uplands (n) areas of high land heath land (n) an area of open land covered with rough grass or heather and with very few trees or bushes down lands (n) areas of low, flat land estuary (n) the wide part of a river where it joins the sea coral reef (n) a long narrow mass of small sea animals, rocks and plants, the top of which is usually just above or just below the surface of the sea diversity in) a range of things which are very different from each other evict (v) to force someone to leave the place where they are living assembly (n) a collection migrate (v) to move at a particular season from one part of the world or from one part of a country to another, usually in order to breed or to find new feeding grounds perish (v) to die as a result of very harsh conditions or as the result of an accident export (v) to send something or someone to another place orbit (v) to move around a sun or planet in a continuous, curving path habitable (adj) good enough to live in gross economic product (n) the total value of all the goods a country has produced and the services it has provided in a particular including its income from investments in other countries hectare (n) a measurement year, (n) a minority income (n) the amount of income you have left after you class (n) the division ghetto parched (adj) very dry because there has been no rain of a particular erode (v) to gradually everyone example by natural processes, for of people in a society into groups according to their social status gender (n) a person's gender is the fact that they are male or female have paid income tax and social security charges destroy something of people or things in a larger group is a number of them that forms less than half of the larger group, usually much less than half of an area of land which is equal to 10,000 square metres disposable minority (n) a part of a city in which many poor people or many people race, religion or nationality live separately from else rain, wind, etc aquifer (n) an area of rock underneath absorbs and holds water logarithmic (adj) described the surface of the earth which by a mathematical formula of a number is a number that it can be represented make a difficult piecemeal multiplication (adv) gradually, or division (the logarithm by in order to ~~ PART franchise (n) an authority someone, sum simpler) usually at irregular PAPER2 writing intervals, and in a way allowing methodical that is given by an organisation to them to sell its goods or services (adj) careful, thorough and precise scruffy (adj) dirty and untidy that is not satisfactory ~~PART ~~PART capture (v) to represent or express a particular atmosphere quality, feeling or successfully immigrant (n) a person who has come to live in a country from some (n) a separate part of a magazine or newspaper, dealing with a particular topic turning point (n) a time at which an important often change takes place which affects the future of a person or thing other country demystify supplement (v) to make something clear explanation easier to understand by giving a of it PAPER3 Use of English pave the way (phr) to create a situation likely that something in which it is possible or more nPART else will happen host (n) a host of things is a lot of them leonine (adj) like a lion noble (adj) admirable; constellation having good qualities anguish (n) great mental suffering contradiction (n) something that is completely things, and so makes the situation confused (n) a group of stars which form a pattern and have a name or physical pain from other equinox to understand equal length different or difficult (n) one of the two days in the year when day and night are mah jong (n) a Chinese game for four players played with small consistent painted pieces of wood or bone generation gap (n) the difference attitudes towards older people and younger in attitude and behaviour between people, which may cause them to argue or may prevent them from understanding in which they in the same way, or having the sa people or things, or achieving the same level of success in something precipitation (n) rain, snow or hail substantial each other fully alien (n) a person who is not a citizen of the country (adj) always behaving construct (adj) large in amount or degree (v) to build live; a foreigner assimilation (n) the process of integration immigrants acculturation individual purport when people such as (n) the modification of the culture of a group or as a result of contact with a different (v) to claim to or be something, culture although you may not believe that claim sentiment (n) an attitude which is based on thoughts tyrannical authority (adj) severe or unfair towards you are not vulnerable (adj) weak and without get something off your chest (phr) to talk about something been worrying you (n) a person who refuses to join the armed distressed forces because they think that it is morally wrong to so succumb flaky (adj) eccentric and unreliable encompass (v) to include various elements juvenile demographics (n) statistics of something; to contain relating to the people who live in a place or society excerpt (n) a short piece of writing a secret (v) to give in to a greater strength, (adj) involving force, desire, etc young people who are not yet adults incline (v) to think or act in a particular way delinquent (adj) someone, usually a young person, who is delinq repeatedly commits or music which is taken from a something number (n) a dress; an outfit that offends or upsets people; a blunder stunning output nag (v) to worry; to bother (n) the people, activities or ideas that are regarded as the normal and conventional because they belong to the (adj) extremely beautiful (n) the amount of something or impressive that a person or thing produ plea (n) an appeal or request for something, emotional made in an intense O' way same group or system as most others of their kind classification (n) a division things into groups or types _ minor crimes ~~PART most typical, that has (adj) upset; worried larger piece; an extract gaffe (n) a stupid or careless mistake, for example when you say or mainstream easily hurt physically~' and feelings confide (v) to tell someone objector protection; emotionally manifest (v) to make visible or obvious; to produce the people that one has over conscientious ~~PART put a brave face on it (phr) to pretend to be happy or satisfied whe become an accepted part of a community or category in a system which divides ~~PART nutrition (n) the process of taking food into the body and absorbi-; the substances that help the body to grow and maintain itself _ incidence (n) the frequency with which something usually bad, such as a disease, occurs, or the occasions when it occurs intolerance (n) the inability of a body to tolerate certain substances chronic (adj) lasting for a very long time, and getting worse as time (adj) used to describe something is officially stated to be true, but about which you or other people (adj) affecting or concerned with the bronchial two tubes which connect your windpipe asthmatic tubes (the to your lungs) have doubts obsolete (adj) no longer needed because something (adj) relating to asthma (a lung condition complementary from that normally a collection reaction or attitude (n) alternative medicine when used to help people vessel (n) a ship or large boat afloat (adv) remaining (n) a way of treating patients which is different used by most doctors in the West sinking live up to someone's it becomes active or fiendish (n) treating expectations (adj) easy to or understand (adj) encouraging mall needles into their body at certain places grid (n) a pattern of straight omeopathy squares iven very small amounts an illness in which the patient is of a drug that produces the symptoms of of something, especially an amount of it '" ion (n) an injury or wound ke off (phr v) when small thin pieces of something such as paint for their opinion ice about what you should or their permission (n) a doctor who specialises and to something in the study of skin and equested, and it did happen ent (n) a smooth thick substance that is put on sore skin or a '=_:ld to help it heal - avail (phr) if you something _os e what you want something indifferent to no avail, what you fails to direction suddenly (uplon (phr v) to disapprove or that the people involved -" the opposite result from the one (adj) used often (nl a place such as a lake where people can swim them in an argument sides with another, they support or a war feeble (adj) weak about n, group or thing and their development over a period of time ur hat off to someone (phr) to admire someone for something - e done 'on (n) fear or anxiety about something (adj) achieving that is intended side (v) if one person or country are honest account that gives detailed information of something fierce (adj) strictly worded oft-used you not believe that you are going to weedy (adj) thin and physically immerse weak (v) to put something into water so that it is completely covered rectangular (adj) shaped like a rectangle (A rectangle is a four-sided shape whose corners are all ninety degree angles Each side of a rectangle is the same length as the one opposite to it.) erience supervise (v) to check that an activity is done properly grass roots (n) the grass roots of an organisation the ordinary "'= - and ironing that has to be a person whose behaviour of people or attitude (n) an ornament, human being, especially larly at home e clothes a person is wearing _ -3 majority artefact is very different from are by the tides (the regular changes in the level of the sea on the shore) ebb (v) when the tide or the sea ebbs, its level gradually '" - a ask such as cleaning, washing and safely or movement people who form the main part of it, rather than its leaders tidal (n) relating to or produced - what you are doing is right or wrong turbulent (adj) turbulent water contains strong currents which change swimming-hole (adj) if you are cynical about something, parts (nl the part of your mind that tells you whether b into your skin or add to your bath ism (n) the practice of using herbs to treat illnesses lack of interest in something (adj) having two equally important conscience counter-productive or piece of advice and sense of duty to or achieve (adj) having a complete n (n) a long serious warning n be successful over a treasure trove (n) a very good or rich source of something frown ial oil (n) a smooth thick liquid, often with a pleasant smell, that study (n) a written about something ~~PART twofold of skin diseases riasis (n) a disease that causes dry red patches on the skin (adv) if something duly happened, it was expected to happen or "'- you enjoy it so much that it takes up a lot of your interest and attention mission (n) a strong commitment e off a surface, they come off the surface ~ "reatment split (v) to divide into two or more parts long period of time tail (v) to involve or cause something suit (v) to ask an expert or professional which is not lines that cross over each other, forming niggle (v) to cause someone to worry slightly - at is greater than you need, want or can cope with atologist you to believe something hooked (adj) if you are hooked on something, -' e illness in healthy people lethora (n) a large amount is true a person for an illness or pain by sticking (n) a method of treating (phr) to be as good as someone (adj) very clever or imaginative deceptive popular again partly above the surface of water without expecti ng it to be straightforward of parts added together revival (n) when there is a revival of something, acupuncture used for carrying on canals box in (phr v) to enclose in a small space which causes holistic (adj) based on the belief that a whole being is more than just " better has been broker (n) a person whose job is to buy and sell boats for other medicine orthodox medicine alternative medicine barge (n) a long narrow boat with a flat bottom, heavy loads, especially in breathing) arouse (vI to cause a particular =", that seems to be true or invented goes by bronchial difficulty ostensible falls tool or other object that is made by a one that is historically interesting wash up (phr v) if something or culturally is washed up on a piece of land, it is carried by a river or sea and left there recede (v) to move away from something fragment (n) a small piece or part of something pickings (n) the money that can be made easily in a particular place or area of activity find (n) a valuable, interesting, good or useful object that is discovered give way (phr) to start rowing together put your back into something (phr) to use all your strength to move something clinker-built (adj) a clinker-built boat is made of long strips of wood placed together so that they overlap each other docks (n) an enclosed area in a harbour where ships go to be loaded, unloaded and repaired take on (phr v) to fight someone or compete against them, especially when they are bigger or more powerful than you are gruelling (adj) extremely difficult and tiring to oar (n) a long pole with a wide, flat blade at one end which is used for rowing a boat skiff (n) a small light rowing boat or sailing boat, which usually has room for only one person discomfort (n) a painful feeling in part of your body when you have been hurt slightly or when you have been uncomfortable for a long time whip (n) a long thin piece of material such as leather or rope, fastened to a stiff handle, used for hitting people or animals curse (v) to complain angrily about something, especially using rude language umpteenth (determiner) used to indicate that an occasion, thing or person happens or comes after many others stroke (n) one of the repeated movements that you make with an oar dulcet tones (n) used to refer to someone's voice play at (phr v) if you not know what someone is playing at, you not understand what they are doing or what they are trying to achieve ~~PART terrace (n) a flat area of stone or grass next to a building where people can sit rambling (adj) a rambling building is big and old with an irregular shape shimmer (v) to shine with a faint, unsteady light arduous (adj) difficult and tiring, involving a lot of effort anno Domini (phr) since the birth of Christ take a toll (phr) to have a bad effect; to cause a lot of suffering adrenaline rush (phr) if you experience an adrenaline rush, you suddenly experience the intense excitement caused by adrenaline (a substance which your body produces when you are angry, scared or excited, and which makes your heart beat faster and gives you more energy) hitherto (adv) indicating that something was true up until the time you are talking about, although it may no longer be the case tuck away (phr v) to hide something where very few people can see it jam (v) to squeeze something tightly into a place bowls (n) a game in which players try to roll large wooden balls as near as possible to a small wooden ball Bowls is usually played outdoors on grass darts (n) a game in which you throw darts (small arrows) at a round board which has numbers on it credentials (n) someo'ne's previous achievements, training and general background, which indicate that they are qualified to something ropey (adj) of a poor or unsatisfactory quality amnesiac (n) someone who has lost their memory simultaneous (adj) happening or existing at the same time self-fulfilling (adj) which comes true because people expect it to come true wreck (v) to completely destroy or ruin something have someone on the ropes (phr) to place your opponent in a very difficult situation which makes it difficult for them to win tenacious (adj) very determined and not willing to give up easily resilience (n) strength against damage or harm commentate (v) to report what is happening in a game for the radio or television evangelise (v) to try to persuade or convince people that something is wonderful column (n) a section in a newspaper or magazine that is always written by the same person or is always about the same topic cut-throat (adj) if you describe a situation as cut-throat, you mean that the people or companies involved all want success and not care if they harm each other in getting it novice (n) someone who has been doing a job or other activity for only a short time and so is not experienced at it gist (n) the general meaning of a speech, piece of writing or conversation stratagem (n) a plan that is intended to achieve a particular effect, often by deceiving people aspire (v) to have a strong desire to achieve something watershed (n) an event in the history or development of something which is very important because it represents the beginning of a new stage in it schism (n) when there is a schism, a group or organisation divides into two groups as a result of differences in thinking and beliefs fall out (phr v) to have an argument with someone round (n) a series of games in a competition where the winners go on to play in the next round, and so on, until only one player or team is left reunify (v) to bring different or separate things or parts together again so that they form a single entity poacher (n) a person who illegally hunts animals and fish gamekeeper (n) a person who takes care of the wild animals or birds that are kept on someone's land for hunting, protecting them against poachers inherent (adj) the inherent qualities of something are the necessary and natural parts of it ~~PART tactility (n) the capability of being felt or touched realm (n) an area rigorous (adj) very strict or severe in form transcendent (adj) going beyond normal limits or boundaries because it is more significant than them divergent (adj) divergent things are different from each other fleeting (adj) brief; lasting only a short time facade (n) the front of a building or the part of the building that faces the street unadorned (adj) plain, rather than having decoration on it former (adj) used to describe something that existed or was true in the past hodgepodge (n) an untidy mixture of different types of things density (n) the extent to which a place is full of things or people PAPER Writing ~ ~ PART outmoded (adj) old-fashioned and no longer useful or relevant to modern life pervade (v) to become a noticeable PAPER3 Use of English feature throughout a place or thing outcast (n) someone who is not accepted by a group of people or by ~~PART plague (n) a very infectious society disease which usually results in death flesh (n) a human being, and more particularly, lure (v) to trick someone their body into a particular place or to trick them into fallacy (n) an idea which many people believe to be true, but which is doing something in fact false because it is based on incorrect tap (v) if you tap a resource, you make use of it by getting from it susceptible information (adj) likely to be affected by something proximity (n) proximity or reasoning such as a disease humidity (n) allowing far-reaching fresh air to circulate number of things hum (v) to sing a tune with your lips closed (n) the amount correlation conversely that you need or want to a place or person is nearness to that place or person ventilation something that they should not in a room advertise or link between things (adv) used to indicate that the situation describe is the opposite and affecting a great jingle (n) a short, simple tune, often with words, which is used to of water in the air (n) a connection (adj) having a great influence you are about to or reverse of the one you have just described a product or programme on radio or television reel off (phr v) to repeat information from memory quickly and easily slogan (n) a short phrase that is easy to remember blink (v) to shut your eyes and very quickly open them again unnerving ~~PART span (v) to last throughout spine (n) a long, sharp point on an animal's the ground suspended (n) a state in which an organism's is functioning metabolism very slowly, for example so that it can survive difficult unchecked (adD if something unchecked, nobody controls draw (v) to attract someone very strongly things someone to a particular someone else tries to harm or trick and keep it within secret way limits relentless (adj) never stopping or becoming less intense brainwash (v) to force someone to believe something by continually swell (v) to become larger and rounder than before - itiate (v) to introduce or and secretive, often in a complicated curb (v) to control something health is left (n) a desire to find out about things, especially devious (adD dishonest ardy (adj) a hardy plant is able to survive in cold weather or undesirable it or prevents it from growing (adv) always vibrant (adj) very bright and clear (n) someone's or to explain harmful prey (n) a person or people whom break open or appear inquisitiveness nstitution makes you feel worried developing invariably onditions burst forth (phr) to suddenly unnerving uncanny (adj) strange and difficult body or on a plant squat (v) to sit Iowan animation (adj) something uncomfortable a long period of time skill or type of telling them that it is true, and preventing owl edge and teach them about it them from thinking about it properly •• PART - ute (adj) showing an understanding of behaviour and situations, '=- d skilful at using this knowledge to one's own advantage ible (n) a habit or characteristic that someone has which is - sidered rather strange, foolish _ important or bad but which is also considered - 9in9 (n) a sad feeling of wanting - e the initiative and fad (n) an activity or topic of interest that is very popular for a short time, but which people become bored with very quickly it gon (n) words and expressions - -cult _ PAPER Reading ~~PART very much (phr) to be the first person to act in a situation, efore able to control ::; s by particular something 1211 that are used in special or technical groups of people, often making the language programs quintillion to understand ance (n) the quality of being important icon (n) an important or significant symbol pirate (v) to illegally of a particular (n) the number that is represented eighteen zeros (US); the number ;;l represented as a one followed by as a one followed by thirty zeros (Europe) RT ng (adj) a binding - thing copy video tapes, cassettes, books or computer promise, agreement or decision must be renovation (n) an old building that has been repaired or redecorated install (v) to fit or put a piece of equipment ed or carried out somewhere so that it is ready to be used restriction :l RT (v) to try to persuade someone to go somewhere -3:hing or to s (n) if you have no qualms about doing something, _ Oedthat it may be wrong in some way ive (n) what someone you are not they have not done =: ing, even though it is difficult m (n) if a child has a tantrum, - _1 ontrolled continues trying to they lose their temper in a noisy way :: being noticed of a problem (phr) to see or identify and developing gradually exactly what the is (adD clear enough or definite self·assurance (n) confidence burden (n) a problem enough to be easily seen, felt in yourself or a responsibility correct attentive that causes someone a lot of worry or hard work concede (v) to admit, often unwillingly, or dangerous the things or noticed difficulty, ut (adj) exhausted us (adj) unpleasant cause or solution tangible or other people are against it method or product is one that is to you now put your finger on something =-:: not want to - ent (adj) someone who is persistent (adj) a conventional usually used or that has been in use for a long time deja vu (n) the feeling that you have already experienced that are happening is trying to achieve _ 1) to keep asking someone to something (n) a limit to where you can go or what you can conventional (adj) paying close attention that something is true or to what is being said or done ~ ~ PART 40 the effect of the growing income generated from tourism 41 restrictions 42 giving tourists a stronger impression that they are in a completely wild, unspoilt environment 43 They have got used to the Antarctica winterrrhey are acclimatised to the coldrrhey have wintered there before (so they are used to it) 44 Content points: • the environmental impact of increasing/mass tourism (first text) • the kind of tour available: wildlife, historical and adventure tourism (first text) • the size of ships/the number of passengers on board (second text) • the tour operators (i.e commercial/member of IAATO) (second text) PAPER listening H PART 1B2C3C4A5B6C7A8B H PART (postnatal) depression 10 party 11 (a) long life/longevity 12 new life 13 anoint 14 protection 15 mark their status 16 milestones 17 rite of passage H PART 18 D 19 A 20 C 21 A 22 B H PART 23 P 24 S 25 B 26 P 27 P 28 S nII_2 _ PAPER Reading ~ ~ PART 1 B D D B C A C A B 10 D 11 C 12 C 13 B 14 A 15 B 16 A 17 B 18 C ~ ~ PART 19 A: Incorrect The writer mentions homework as consolidation of what is learned in class 19 B: Incorrect Play is fun, but that is not why it is important 19 C: Incorrect The text does not mention 'cerebral development' or make clear what 'proper' cerebral development would be 19 D: Correct 'Intelligence and aptitude tests have demonstrated that not only is play fundamental to learning and developing skills, it is also a means by which the brain can grow, facilitating its own capacity to learn, create and think.' 20 A: Correct 'We urge them to spend longer at their homework, but the sad truth is that by not playing, their capacity for learning is grievously curtailed, no matter how rigorous their academic drive.' 20 B: Incorrect The text says that children are getting worse at spelling It does not say that children who study are better at spelling 20 C: Incorrect The statement implies that children who not study generally suffer from several eating disorders, whereas the text implies that a large number of children are overweight, which is not the same thing 20 D: Incorrect The text merely says that children who not play find it harder to make friends This is not the same as finding it harder to 'develop socially' 21 A: Incorrect The place the children are exploring has a 'doorstep', so it cannot be a cave 21 B: Incorrect 'decaying grandeur' implies that the place was once impressive, so it cannot be a shack 21 C: Correct The text refers to the 'doorstep' and 'the stark decaying grandeur' of the place 21 D: Incorrect The place the children are exploring has a 'doorstep', so it cannot be a mineshaft 22 A: Incorrect The writer does not mention any authorities 22 B: Correct The writer mentions 'ghouls and spectres' and imagines that 'they had got him and whisked him off to wherever it was they spent the daylight hours' 22 C: Incorrect The writer does not mention any animals, and nor is there any implication that there are animals in the story 22 D: Incorrect The writer makes it clear that he thought that someone or something had taken Timmy 23 A: Incorrect There is no evidence that any of the children was behaving aggressively 23 B: Correct 'I had asked the children to clear away their painting things but a few had to be told several times nonetheless One girl in particular seemed determined not to hear me.' 23 C: Incorrect The writer does not imply that the noise the children were making was irritating, and therefore was not frustrated by it 23 D: Incorrect The writer does not indicate how long the children were taking or that this is what was frustrating her 24 A: Incorrect There is no evidence for this in the text The teacher was concerned that Sylvia might grow resentful of society or other children 24 B: Incorrect The teacher was surprised by the child's attitude 24 C: Incorrect There is no evidence for this in the text 24 D: Correct 'Bottling up her anger would have caused more problems She might have taken it out on another child later on, or she might grow up feeling that society was treating her unjustly.' 25 A: Correct 'We take it for granted that adulthood is the meaningful part of our existence, and everything prior to it is merely preparation The old adage quoted by Samuel Butler is often cited but has not yet been fully assimilated: "A hen is an egg's way of making another egg." It is very difficult for any of us to think of ourselves as a baby's way of making another baby.' 25 B: Incorrect There is no mention of this in the text 25 C: Incorrect This is not the reason why the quote is used 25 D: Incorrect This is not the reason why the quote is used 26 A: Incorrect The fact that the young of many species play does not make it strange to suppose that childhood is preparation for adult life 26 B: Incorrect The text does not mention maturity in children 26 C: Correct 'it is one of the inviolable tenets of evolutionary theory that what an animal is or does is governed by events that have happened, not events that are going to happen' 26 D: Incorrect The text does not say anything about the future evolution of any species ~ ~ PART 27 G: The first paragraph introduces Peter Raven and describes 28 F: 29 E: 30 A 31 B: 32 H: 33 C: the kind of knowledge botanists like him have Paragraph G continues this theme by describing what conclusions Raven and other botanists can come to using their knowledge Verbal links are 'Peter Raven is a botanist' and 'sustainable growth' in the paragraph before the gap and 'botanists such as Raven' and 'the big picture of sustainable growth' in paragraph G There is a link between 'Something has got to give, and the first things to go are many of the plants and animals' in paragraph F and' By many, Raven means perhaps half to two thirds of all the other species on the planet' in the paragraph after the gap There is a link between 'the human population', 'each human depends on "ecosystem services" , and 'the organisms that ultimately recycle waste and deliver new wealth to provide oxygen, fresh food, clean water, fuel, new clothes, safe shelter and disposable income' in paragraph E and the whole of the paragraph after the gap There is a link between the ecosystems mentioned in the paragraph before the gap and the description of what an ecosystem is in paragraph A Also, there is a link between 'The greater the variety of microbes, plants and animals in an ecosystem, the more resilient it is and the better it works So it would not be a good idea to evict at least half of these creatures But, Raven says, that is what is happening' in paragraph A and the reference to 'species loss' in the paragraph after the gap There is a link between the description of 'species loss' in the paragraph before the gap, the description of species loss in paragraph B and the calculation of the number of species lost per year 'over the last four centuries' in the paragraph after the gap There is a further link between the question posed in paragraph B 'What was the rate over the past 400 years?' and the answer in the paragraph after the gap: 'hundreds of creatures per year over the past four centuries There is a link between 'There is another way of checking' (which refers to another way of checking how many species have been lost) and 'There is a way of confirming species loss' (three paragraphs earlier) This idea is continued in the paragraph before the gap There is also a link between '2,000 species have vanished from the Pacific basin' in the paragraph before the gap and 'So destroying forests piecemeal is a way of extinguishing creatures' in paragraph H There is a link between 'one third orall endangered plants in the continental US are threatened because of alien invaders' in the paragraph before the gap and 'Global warming is not going to help, either' in paragraph C H PART 34 A: Correct 'Apparently, I wish to capture the immigrant experience, to demystify Chinese culture, to show the differences between Chinese and American culture, to pave the way for other Asian-American writers - and I have a whole host of other equally noble motivations The truth is, I write for more self-serving reasons - that is, I write for myself.' 34 B: Incorrect The statement implies that in the past the writer had not been aware of how readers perceived her work, but that she is now aware of this However, there is no indication in the text that this is what has happened 34 C: Incorrect The writer mentions what appear to be her reasons for writing according to certain people In the second paragraph she goes on to explain her actual reasons for writing; she has therefore given some thought to why she writes 34 D: Incorrect There is nothing to indicate that she is or is not interested in these subjects 35 A: Incorrect The text does not state or imply that the writer writes about topical Chinese issues 35 B: Incorrect The text does not state or imply that the writer expresses her views about Chinese culture in her fiction 35 C: Incorrect The text does not state or imply that the writer has strong feelings about anything to with China 35 D: Correct 'In other words, I write stories about life as I have misunderstood it To be sure, it's a Chinese-American life, but that's the only one I've had so far Contrary to what some students, professors, reporters, and fund-raising organizations assume, I am not an expert on China' 36 A: Incorrect The text does not state or imply that Smiley's novel contains generalisations, untenable or otherwise, about American life and culture On the contrary, it implies that her novel features a specific American family 36 B: Correct 'Is Jane Smiley's A Thousand Acres supposed to be representative of all American culture? Do all American daughters serve their tyrannical fathers the same breakfast every morning? Do all sisters betray each other? Are all conscientious objectors flaky in love relationships? Why readers and reviewers assume that a book with ChineseAmerican characters can encompass all the demographics and personal histories of Chinese America?' The questions about Smiley's novel are all rhetorical and would be answered in the negative This is why the writer mentions Smiley's novel, which is no more intended to describe American culture than her own is intended to describe Chinese culture 36 C: Incorrect There is nothing in the text to indicate that the two writers' novels feature similar characters or deal with similar themes 36 D: Incorrect Although the text implies that one of the themes in Smiley's novel is the relationship between a father and his daughter, and the writer herself seems to have written about mothers and daughters, this is not the reason why Smiley's novel is mentioned 37 A: Incorrect The scene was not intended as a description of an aspect of Chinese culture However, it was clear that the people who wanted permission to publish the excerpt had misunderstood the point of the scene 37 B: Incorrect In this scene the writer was not trying to make a point about what correct Chinese etiquette would be 37 C: Correct The whole of the fourth paragraph makes it clear that the writer does not intend her novels to be generalisations about Chinese life and culture She tells us about the permissions request to illustrate that she finds such misconceptions irritating: 'One publisher wanted to include an excerpt from The Joy Luck Club, a scene in which a woman invites her non-Chinese boyfriend to her parents' house for dinner The boyfriend brings a bottle of wine as a gift and commits a number of social gaffes at the dinner table Students were supposed to read this excerpt and then answer the following question: "If you are invited 37 D: 38 A: 38 B: 38 C: 38 D: 39 A: 39 B: 39 C: 39 D: 40 A: 40 B: 40 C: 40 D: to a Chinese family's house for dinner, should you bring a bottle of wine?" My editor and I agreed to turn down that permission request.' Incorrect The question may have been unfair to students, as it was based on a misunderstanding of the scene However, this is not the reason why permission was refused Correct 'After all, I am one of the lucky writers to be read, in classrooms, by the mainstream, and in Cliff Notes.' Incorrect Although the writer implies that her novels are required reading by students at educational institutions, it does not follow that they are read mainly by academics Incorrect The writer says that some people read her work because they are about the 'universal emotions between mothers and daughters' However, this does not imply that they are studied by mothers and daughters Incorrect 'After all, I am one of the lucky writers to be read, in classrooms, by the mainstream, and in Cliff Notes.' Incorrect The writer does not mention academics Correct 'I have this attitude that American literature, if such a classification exists, should be more democratic than the colour of your skin or whether rice or potatoes are served at your fictional dinner table.' Incorrect The writer asks 'Who decides what is American fiction?' but she does not make the point that one needs to be qualified to classify literature or to what degree one needs to be qualified Incorrect This is not the point the writer is making here Correct 'In other words, I write stories about life as I have misunderstood it To be sure, it's a Chinese-American life, but that's the only one I've had so far.' The writer also talks about her work in connection with American literature, so we can infer that she is an American citizen Incorrect There is nothing to indicate that the writer lives in China Incorrect There is nothing to indicate that the writer lives in Hong Kong Incorrect There is nothing to indicate that the writer is an immigrant or living illegally in America PAPER Writing ~ ~ PART Question Style: Formal Content: Proposal, possibly divided into sections with headings In the introduction state your reason for writing the proposal In the main body you could have one paragraph about each of the candidates for the position The name of the candidate could be used as a heading • Heading: Pauline Brown Write about her character and her work record Discuss her positive qualities and shortcomings objectively You could give examples to illustrate your points • Heading: James Roberts As above • Heading: Elaine Summers As above Conclude by indicating the reasons why you would not choose two of the candidates Give your reasons for choosing one of the candidates ~ ~ PART Question Style: Semi-formal or formal Content: Article Think of a good title for the article Introduce the historical site or sites you are going to write about Mention briefly where they are and why they are important Describe the first site and give some relevant information about it Questions to consider are: When was it built? Who built it? What purpose did it serve? What did it look like then? When was it discovered? Who discovered it? What does it look like now? How well-preserved is it? What is its historical significance? Do many tourists visit it? If you are describing a second site, give similar information Alternatively, if you are describing only one site, give more details about the site or its history here You could also mention how more tourists might be encouraged to visit the area, or you could talk about the preservation of the site for future generations Question Style: Informal or semi-formal Content: Letter Describe your lifestyle, career or relationships before the event You could stress the negative aspects of your life Describe the event How did it come about? Who was involved? When did it happen? etc Why was it a turning point? How did you feel about it at the time? Describe your life after the event You could focus on the positive effects the event had on your lifestyle, career or relationships and why it meant a fresh start Question Style: Semi-formal Content: Review In the introduction state what play you saw Give some basic factual information about it Questions to consider are: Where was the play performed? Who produced it? Who directed it? Who played the main roles? Describe the performance, giving your views on the acting, interpretation, direction, sets, lighting, etc Compare the production you saw with other wellknown professional productions of the same play How successful was the production by the drama club? PAPER Use of English ~ ~ PART 1 deal number fact far them up would at least 10 with 11 last 12 before 13 have 14 not 15 does/should ~HART2 16 exclamation (verb to noun) 17 invariably (verb to negative adjective to adverb) 18 erroneous (noun to adjective) 19 inclination (verb to noun) 20 academic (noun to adjective) 21 recklessness (adjective to noun) 22 significantly (noun to adjective to adverb) 23 readily (adjective to adverb) 24 formative (verb/noun to adjective) 25 delinquency (adjective to noun) ~ ~ PART 26 speaks 27 throw 28 kill 29 response 30 single 31 catch ~ ~ PART 32 must have (1) dawned on John (1) 33 has turned down (1) his proposal of marriage (1) 34 until the film (had) ended (1) did I remember (1) 35 we will have been (1) married for (1) 36 is/has been attributed (1) to (1) 37 is no concern (1) of yours (1) 38 no justification for (1) the way you have been (1) 39 far as (1) I can tell (1) ~ ~ PART 40 the increase in the number of people suffering from allergies related to a poor diet and increasing respiratory problems 41 Medical practitioners examine the whole person, their way of life and the possible reasons behind their illness in order to find a satisfactory cure 42 He did not feel enthusiastic about or convinced of the healing powers of essential oils 43 From being a confirmed non-believer in alternative medicine, he now believes that it can work Content points: • the increase in substance intolerance and allergies, as well as chronic respiratory conditions (first text) • an increasing awareness of the connection between health problems and a poor diet (first text) • growing dissatisfaction with the apparent failure of orthodox medicine to offer a lasting solution to certain health problems (first and second texts) • growing evidence that alternative treatments work (second text) :lAPER Listening PART ~2B3A4C5B6C7A8C PART : 'ecord prices spiritual qualities Endscape/vista : ;eometric/angular -reat) War/war ink) flowers : ildren • = stract '::I shapes ~ ~ PART 18 D 19 B 20 A 21 C 22 C ~ ~ PART 23 J 24 A 25 J 26 B 27 J 28 A mB_3 _ PAPER Reading ~ ~ PART 1 C A D A C B B A B 10 C 11 A 12 D 13 C 14 B 15 D 16 A 17 B 18 C ~ ~ PART 19 A: Incorrect The writer says the locals did not seem to care about the environment, not that they were actually destroying it 19 B: Correct 'The locals seemed to be indifferent towards themselves and the environment.' This clearly implies they were not interested in making any changes to improve their situation 19 C: Incorrect Although the text says 'the area was dying', this doesn't mean there was no economic activity there 19 0: Incorrect The locals seemed 'indifferent' to the area, but the writer does not imply that they wanted to leave 20 A: Incorrect Although Yiannis provides visitors with accommodation and leisure facilities, this is not his 'mission' 20 B: Incorrect This is an incorrect answer because it is only part of his intention 20 C: Incorrect This is an incorrect answer because it is only part of his intention 20 D: Correct This accurately and fully describes his aim in creating Oikoperiigitis 21 A: Incorrect 'But this is counter-productive and kids turning up on a hot day will just find somewhere far more dangerous, like the canal or a faster stretch of river.' In other words, the signs have the opposite effect from the one they are intended to have 21 B: Incorrect The signs are intended to stop young people indulging in open water swimming, not to make it safer for them 21 C: Correct 'Every year more traditional swimming-holes and stretches of river are surrounded with fierce notices and warnings banning anyone from trying But this is counterproductive; these oft-used places are likely to be the safest, and kids turning up on a hot day will just find somewhere far more dangerous, like the canal or a faster stretch of river.' 21 D: Incorrect They don't discourage young people from swimming outdoors 22 A: Correct 'Members of RALSA, often people who have swum all year round in their favoured spot for years, rightly get fed up with being lectured by passing policemen about how they might "encourage" vulnerable children to swim and cause "tragedies" Other countries are less feebletheir citizens swim happily in remote lakes, rivers and other waterways Only we poor weedy British are told that it is terrible to immerse ourselves in anything that is not rectangular, chlorinated and supervised.' 22 B: Incorrect The writer states that the councils have a lot of support in their effort to stop open water swimming, but she clearly disagrees with them 22 C: Incorrect The writer implies that British people generally should be less feeble about swimming in rivers and lakes 22 D: Incorrect The police suggest this, not the writer 23 A: Incorrect First of all, one cannot go mud larking at high tide Secondly, the statement does not explain why the writer describes mud larking as 'grass roots' archaeology 23 B: Correct 'An activity that has been known to Londoners since Victorian times, mudlarking is in essence 'grass roots' archaeology The Thames is a tidal river, and there are areas in the capital where, when the tide is ebbing, anyone who is interested may find artefacts stuck in the mud.' 23 C: Incorrect Although the option may be a true statement, it does not explain why mud larking can be described as 'grass roots archaeology' 23 D: Incorrect For the same reason C is incorrect 24 A: Incorrect The text implies that if you not have a licence, you cannot dig at all: 'It is possible, however, to make important discoveries without digging at all' 24 B: Correct 'The Port of London Authority is responsible for issuing permits to people wishing to dig the foreshore today They also set restrictions on where you are allowed to dig It is possible, however, to make important discoveries without digging at all, so there's a chance of something new being washed up on the shoreline's surface with every tide.' Although one needs a permit to dig, one does not need a permit to collect items from the surface of the shoreline 24 C: Incorrect One is not permitted to dig along the shoreline 24 D: Incorrect A licence allows one to dig in certain areas If one does not have a licence, one is not allowed to dig at all 25 A: Incorrect The writer is being sarcastic about her trainer, and there is little indication of respect in her tone 25 B: Incorrect The writer's tone does not imply 'trepidation' fear The comment 'the only thing missing is his whip' is sarcastic 25 C: Correct The writer felt frustrated and angry 'At present, trapped in our wooden prison, the attitude we have towards our trainer is anything but warm He is thoroughly enjoying our discomfort, yelling at us to work harder; a regular slave driver, the only thing missing is his whip.' 25 D: Incorrect 'Abhorrence' is too strong a word as it suggests deep hatred The writer was angered by the trainer's attitude, but she did not actually hate him 26 A: Incorrect The writer uses this phrase simply to emphasise the fact that she regretted her decision to join the crew 26 B: Incorrect There is no sarcasm here; the writer is describing a mistake she made while rowing 26 C: Incorrect There is no sarcasm here; the writer is explaining the term, 'catch a crab' 26 D: Correct 'Our trainer's dulcettones slice through the crisp evening air: "Bowman, what are you playing at? Stop daydreaming and get sortedl Now, once again, crew: give way together!" ' 'Dulcet' means 'sweet and gentle', whereas the trainer is yelling H PART 27 D: In the last sentence of the first paragraph the writer describes the place where he is interviewing Short, and adds: 'The life of a professional chess player is an arduous one' The tone is ironic, as the place described is made to sound very attractive However, the writer goes on to say in paragraph D: 'Actually, it is', and describes how difficult 28 C: 29 A: 30 G: 31 H: 32 B: 33 F: a professional chess player's life really is There is also a link between paragraph D, which describes Short's career briefly, and the paragraph after the gap, which describes his current situation The paragraph before the gap comments on the fact that Short is no longer in his prime as a chess player This is a link with paragraph C, which describes in a more positive manner what Short will be doing in the future There is also a link between 'chess's fascinating world' in paragraph C and 'Not that everyone, hitherto, has quite appreciated the appeal' in the paragraph after the gap, which describes the lack of coverage chess receives from the press There is a link between 'That will be Short's demanding job - to make chess come alive' in the paragraph before the gap and 'But he has an even harder task' in paragraph A, where it is explained that this task will be to teach the writer to play chess well The paragraph after the gap describes the writer's chess playing experience so far There is a link between 'I am not promising material' in the paragraph before the gap and 'Short knows it, too' in paragraph G , in which Short also warns the writer about how difficult it is to play chess well There is a link between the paragraph before the gap, which describes how Short became a chess player, and paragraph H, which describes Short's passion for the sport and reiterates his warning to the writer about the struggle involved in becoming a good player There is also a link between 'You got some sense of that this afternoon' in paragraph H and the paragraph after the gap, which talks about what the writer and Short had been doing that afternoon There is a link between 'Short's career was dominated by his rivalry with Garry Kasparov, the player with the highest rating of all time' in paragraph B and 'The 1993 match against Kasparov was a watershed for Short, and he never quite climbed those heights again' in the paragraph after the gap There is a link between 'The 1993 match against Kasparov was a watershed for Short' in the paragraph before the gap and 'The Short-Kasparov match was also a watershed for world chess', in paragraph F Paragraph F also outlines the problems the chess world is facing, which leads to the final paragraph, in which Short declares that despite this, he is 'optimistic about the future of the sport' ~ ~ PART 34 A: Incorrect This is only part of the reason, and not the most importantone,e~he~ 34 B: Correct 'His powerful concrete walls set a limit Beyond this point there is no passage but that which is opened by his will.' 34 C: Incorrect The writer uses 'materiality' to describe the impression the walls create, not to tell us about the materials used to build them 34 D: Incorrect The word 'materiality' is not used to refer to passages 35 A: Correct 'Enso, the mysterious circles drawn by Zen Buddhist monks in a single stroke, symbolise emptiness, oneness, and the moment of enlightenment The circle an other rigorous geometric forms are the vocabulary of Ando, related as much to Western architecture as to any Eastern thought.' A: - B: Incorrect The writer does not discuss the importance of the circle in architecture, but implies that it is an important feature in Ando's designs Incorrect The writer uses the phrase 'the vocabulary of Ando' metaphorically to illustrate that Enso has a strong influence on his designs Incorrect The writer does not say that Enso contributed to the building of the Pantheon Incorrect The text does not state or imply this Also, the word 'fashioned' means 'designed' in the context of the text, not 'trend' Incorrect The text does not state or imply this Also, Ando recognises Piranesi's influence on his work, but never wished to 'emulate' him Incorrect The text does not state or imply this Ando has been influenced by traditional Japanese architecture as well as Western architecture Correct 'He cites the Pantheon in Rome as an influence on his work; proof that simple shapes fashioned with a mastery of light and materials can create a transcendent space He speaks also of the "Prisons" in Piranesi's Carceri d'invenzioni whose "dynamic verticality" contrasts with the horizontal emphasis of much traditional Japanese architecture, which is "non-geometric and irregular" by nature Tadao Ando has said that a goal of his work is to bring together these apparently divergent ideas of space in a "unified transcendent architecture".' Incorrect The writer implies that the opposite is true Incorrect The writer does not talk of nature 'transcending' buildings Correct 'Looking out from the hilltop Annex of the Naoshima Museum of Contemporary Art , one feels as close to architectural perfection as possible A great deal of the meaning of Tadao Ando's work can be captured in those fleeting instants when nature's presence ebbs and flows past his concrete walls.' Incorrect The writer mentions this with reference to Ando's buildings, but not as exemplifying 'architectural perfection' Incorrect This may be true but if it is, it is only partly true Correct 'About the same time, in a used bookstore, I saw a book on the complete work of Le Corbusier I recopied some of his drawings, and I would say that that is how I began to be interested in architecture.' Incorrect Construction work was done on his home, but he himself was not involved in it Incorrect This alone did not cause him to become interested in architecture Also, the carpenters did not rebuild his home Incorrect The old wood houses no longer exist Correct 'On a small site (57.3 square metres) inserted into a row of narrow houses, the simple concrete facade and equally unadorned doorway stand out without breaking he rhythm of the street.' Incorrect 'As for its limited dimensions, with total floor space of 64.7 square metres, the Sumiyoshi Row House exceeds the average size of an Osaka dwelling (estimated a 61 square metres in 1993).' I correct The writer says that the Azuma House is 'very uch a personal creation' I correct Although the writer mentions the use of eometric shapes, these are not what he finds particularly dmirable about Ando's buildings 40 B: 40 C: 400: Incorrect Ando's choice of materials is not cited as being particularly admirable Incorrect Although the writer mentions the fact that Ando's buildings 'exclude, then enclose, admitting light', lighting effects are not mentioned Correct 'They exclude then enclose, admitting light, wind and the passing visitor, who leaves behind the disorder of everyday existence to be sheltered in a realm of stillness'; 'By excluding the chaotic environment and admitting nature, Ando also developed what would become one of the central themes in his work in this house' PAPER writing ~ ~ PART Question Style: Formal or semi-formal Content: Essay In the introduction outline the topic and say briefly how you intend to address it You could address each point in the notes in relation to both the theatre and the cinema, and organise your paragraphs accordingly Make sure you address all the points: • Is the theatre outmoded? Is the cinema more stimulating for young people? • Can teenagers relate to the cinema better than they can to the theatre? How does the theatre compare to the cinema in terms of relevance? • The theatre emphasises plot and dialogue; the cinema relies more heavily on action and visual effects Does the plot suffer as a result in the cinema? Do these differences make a difference to how popular they are? • The language of the theatre is artificial Is this a problem for audiences? Conclude by expressing your own views concerning the popularity of the theatre and the cinema HPART Question Style: Formal Content: Report, possibly divided into sections with headings Bullet points or numbered lists can also be used In the introduction state your reason for writing, and the fact that you have based your report on opinions expressed by members of the public In the main body you could have two paragraphs with headings from the question: 'Newspaper content and level of interest', 'Comparison with national newspapers' You should include examples of public opinion and comment on their validity The concluding paragraph could be headed 'Recommendations', and should include suggestions for improving the content of the newspaper and enhancing its appeal Question Style: Formal or semi-formal Content: Article In the introduction you could say which two or three wild animals you are going to write about In the main body you could write a paragraph about each animal, describing the effects urban development is having on its survival, and saying whether anything is being done to protect it Conclude by saying what you would like to happen with regard to improving the protection of wildlife in your area Question Style: Formal Content: Letter Begin your letter by stating your reason for writing: to complain about the train and the service provided by the railway company In the main body give details to support what you are saying Refer to all the points in the question: • the dirty state of the train • the poor canteen facilities • your failure to arrive at work on time Conclude by saying clearly what action you expect the railway company to take and whether you expect them to compensate you in any way ~ ~ PART lead 10 despite 11 from 12 if 13 between 14 show/indicate 15 make/render ~ ~ PART 16 swollen (verb to past participle) 17 apparently (verb to adjective to adverb) 18 gloriously (noun to adjective to adverb) 19 variety (adjective to noun) 20 irresistibly (verb to negative adjective to adverb) 21 uninitiated (verb to negative past participle) 22 requirements (verb to plural noun) 23 enables (adjective to verb) 24 unlikely (preposition to negative adjective) 25 enthusiasts (verb to plural noun) ~ ~ PART 26 hold 27 sense 28 petty PAPER4 Listening ~ ~ PART 1C 2B 3B 4A PAPER Use of English of less more However/Rather/Instead being with tend/seem turn 41 morally questionable messages in advertisements which suggest that a child is stupid if he does not buy the product 42 'children have become a prime target' 43 There are no restrictions on advertising on the Internet; children are usually unsupervised while online, giving advertisers virtually unlimited access to them 44 Content points: • they are able to persuade parents to buy them things (first text) • they will become tomorrow's adult consumers / manufacturers want to turn them into lifetime consumers (fi rst text) • children's insecurities make them easier to influence (first and second text) • children are often exposed to advertising when alone (watching TV or on the Internet) (second text) 29 follow 30 terms 31 reeling H PART 32 no time (1) did David express (any) (1) 33 is under threat (1) of closure (1) 341 will take (1) your word for (1) 35 you will be/are (1) bound by (1) 36 with hindsight, (1) I could not have done anything (1) 37 (will) insist on (1) staying up/on not going to bed (1) 38 made a name (1) for herself as (1) 39 is prone to (1) illness/getting ill (1) ~ ~ PART 40 Advertisers not question the morals of what they are doing, they simply want to sell their product (because if they not, they will be in trouble) H PART leisure activity 10 (carbon dioxide) emissions 11 road safety 12 (comprehensive) schools 13 new recruits 14 (coronary) heart 15 injuries and fractures 16 mental performance 17 free of charge ~ ~ PART 18 B 19 D 20 A 21 B 22 C ~ ~ PART 23 T 24 25 26 27 28 J B B T B mI_4 _ PAPER Reading ~ ~ PART 1 B D C B A C D B A 10 C 11 B 12 C 13 14 C 15 A 16 C 17 D 18 B H PART 19 A: Incorrect Dance helps them to feel closer to their ancestors: 'Allover North America, traditional dance continues to forge a link with ancient ancestors' 19 B: Correct 'Allover North America, traditional dance continues to forge a link with ancient ancestors and allo _ the native peoples of modern America to reaffirm their cultural identity as well as celebrate fundamental relationships with nature, their tribes and kin.' ... of an expression meaning 'dressed up in order to attract the attention or envy of others' 26 27 28 29 30 31 • The way he looks at you • Sylvia usually thinks volumes about his feelings her mind,... SIGNIFICANCE PAPER Reading PAPER2 Writing PAPER4 Listening For questions 26 -31 , think of one word only which can be used appropriately three sentences Here is an example (OJ in all Example: o PAPER5 Speaking... questions 23 -28 , decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree Write J for Jake or A B for Angela for Both, where they agree Ii s Question 23 :