Exam essentials proficiency practice test 4

4 PAPER writing PAPER Use of English Part Part Part For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap PAPER Listening PAPER Speaking One of the most recognisable fad icons of the 1980s has to be Rubik's cube - a threedimensional toy made up of twenty-six smaller interconnecting cubes, which can be (1) either vertically or horizontally to form 'faces' of six different colours The cube was invented in the mid 1970s by Erno Rubik, a Hungarian engineer fascinated by geometrical (2) ,although it wasn't until the end of the decade that people began to show an interest in the toy Then suddenly, almost overnight, the craze went international Demand for the cubes soon far (3) the original production order of one million and pirated versions (4) the market It is estimated that over 100 million cubes had been sold by the end of 1982 It has been calculated that Rubik's cube has over forty-three quintillion (that's 43 followed by 18 zeros) (5) - only one of which will result in the cube displaying all six sides with the same colour The official record for the fastest (6) belongs to a Japanese student who completed it in just under fifteen seconds A revolved A conundrums A A A A expanded drowned permutations undoing B B B B B B rotated enigmas extended flooded transformations unravelling C C C C C C swivelled riddles exceeded washed incarnations unscrambling D spun D puzzles D excelled D soaked D conversions D unwinding Underfloor Heating Systems Underfloor heating systems are becoming increasingly popular as an efficient and economical means of heating your home They are easy to (7) into any new building or renovation, and can be installed in most homes with few restrictions on the type of floor covering required Because they (8) at a much lower temperature than conventional heating, underfloor heating systems (9) far less fuel and are therefore also more eco-friendly Another advantage is the absence of radiators, which can be (10) and take up a great deal of valuable space What is more, underfloor heating systems are far more effective than conventional radiators: heat is (11) to the cooler air at floor level, where it is most needed The now warm air rises upwards towards the ceiling, resulting in a(n) (12) distribution of heat across the whole room 10 11 12 A A A A A A fuse activate consume blatant drafted standardised B B B B B B assimilate operate devour outstanding transferred level C C C C C C amalgamate stimulate gulp obtrusive carried uniform D integrate D promote D dispose D prominent D relocated D unswerving The moment Daniel Wilkins walked into her office that October morning, Cynthia was struck by a(n) (13) feeling of deja vu - she was sure she had seen him before, but she couldn't quite put her finger on where She noted that he (14) an almost tangible air of self-assurance, but with her trained (15) , she could also see that he (16) a heavy burden On the phone earlier that week, he had explained what he needed and she had conceded that she might be able to help him But now, as he settled himself into one of the leather armchairs in her office, she wondered if perhaps she was biting off more than she could (17) Cynthia listened attentively as Daniel told her a little about himself While he was speaking, she stood by the window, (18) out at the blustery tops of the trees in the park, watching the starlings circle as they massed together for their long migration She had goosebumps on her arms, but they weren't from the cold 13 14 15 16 17 18 A supernatural A absorbed A eye A dragged A masticate A gaping B unwieldy B attracted B view B heaved B eat B gazing C mystic C exuded C sight C shouldered C swallow C glimpsing 0 0 0 uncanny retained perception weighed chew gawking PAPER Use of English You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with dancing For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text PAPER4 Listening Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet PAPER writing PAPER Speaking To the natives of North America, dance has always been an intrinsic part of their culture All over North America, traditional dance continues to forge a link with ancient ancestors and allows the native peoples of modern America to reaffirm their cultural identity as well as celebrate fundamental relationships with nature, their tribe and kin Traditional North American dance is inextricably bound to nature and the seasons The dances vary from region to region, and from tribe to tribe, but are usually performed to songs sung in ancient languages and according to the ancient calendar and belief systems Some dancers take on the roles of animals or enact the traditional chores of daily life: hunting, fishing or planting As well as giving non-commercial public performances, modern dancers also perform in private or before small groups to offer up prayers to ancient deities, to invoke cures for illnesses, to influence nature or to act out a story Unlike European folk dances, Native American dances often have no predictable form and it is difficult to know how long a dance will last, how many dancers will be involved or how many beats will accompany each movement Dancers usually take small steps and stay near the ground, performing either to rhythmic vocal music or, an assortment of instruments 19 Traditional dance helps modern Native North Americans to A communicate with their ancestors B be at one with their roots and environment C fully exploit the power of nature D have a good relationship with other tribes 20 The writer implies that Native North Americans not dance A for financial gain B for religious reasons C in front of large audiences D accompanied by chanting voices /&~dPJ ~.II- !!/)~~ The first time I saw FireDance I was knocked off my feet I couldn't believe the sheer energy and ~ exuberance of the routines, the power of the score, the creative flair of the choreographers fluidity and the of the dancers I remember being moved by the sensuality, spellbound awestruck couldn't by the glamour, by the visual spectacle You watch it without wanting to join in, but most people would agree it was impossible to take your eyes off the dancers no matter how much your feet were itching I consider without Within which I would probably it a major turning have trod a different a year of its first performance, international phenomenon because it was essentially inspirational point in my life path FireDance had become an As a show, FireDance was successful a simple idea, yet brilliantly mix of African drums and the evocative European folk music brought conceived The sounds of home a raw power that encapsulated one's earthly origins, yet aspired to some heavenly sphere The pace of the production throwing carried the audience along, at moments you into the rhythms, 23 The writer clearly remembers A B C D losing his balance while watching the performance experiencing a plethora of conflicting emotions being impressed by different aspects of the show deciding to dedicate his life to dance 24 FireDance A B C D frenetically at others, lulling you into a trance evolved from the inspirations of simple people consisted of a complex mixture of sounds was widely acclaimed in many countries hypnotised the audience with its steady tempo A History of the Tango f?T)) one well, the tango is perhaps one of the most exciting dances to watch and to perform, and today it seems to be more popular than ever Yet when it began, and for a long time afterwards, the dance was shunned by the upper circles of Argentine society At a time when all fashionable dances were performed in linear or circular arrangements by groups of dancers, the very idea of a man and a woman in such close physical proximity was considered vulgar and immoral European society was ambivalent even about the waltz (in which partners actually had to touch each other) which was only just beginning to catch on there Yet, despite the stigma attached to it, the tango soon became the dance to know Today there are many different versions of the tango, and different ideas about where and when the dance originated One story tells of how the tango began in the lower class districts of Buenos Aires towards the end of the nineteenth century The gauchos, after a long day riding horses, would arrive to dance with the women in the bars Legend has it that the woman would dance at arm's length from him, with her head thrown far back, trying to distance herself from his working day odour, while he would walk with his knees flexed because of his stiff clothes Together they would bend their bodies to manoeuvre in the space available between the tables Thus the tango was born ::::LJ 25 The tango did not catch on immediately A B C D because the upper classes thought it should be avoided it did not adhere to the rules of traditional dances the waltz had recently become more popular as a dance it did not conform to conventional notions of propriety 26 It is said that the tango may have originated as a result of A the gauchos' unsanitary leisure pursuits B the postures that dancers were forced to adopt C the clothes that the gauchos wore while working D the unlimited size of the dance floor You are going to read an article about twins Seven paragraphs PAPER3 Use of English have been removed from the article Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33) There is one extra paragraph which you not need to use PAPER4 Listening PAPER Speaking The M ys/er y of Twills A festival that takes place this weekend in Twinsburg, Ohio, must rank as one of the strangest scientific gatherings in the world Coloured tents stand dotted around Glen Chamberlain park, each containing researchers from around the world hoping to hunt down some elusive medical clues Outside the tents stand long lines of people, each of them willing to endure the 32°C heat in order to take part in their research But it's not a normal queue, because many participants look disarmingly alike, even down to wearing the same dresses They are human guinea pigs with a difference: each is a twin or a triplet ~I Down the centuries, a certain mystique has always surrounded twins They have long been thought to have an unspoken psychic bond that allows each of them to know what the other is feeling without it being obvious to anyone else But now twins are becoming valuable to science because of their genes Their DNA is helping to answer some of the questions in the ageold debate over whether it is your genes or the environment in which you were brought up that determines your behaviour and your health ~I Parents often complain that twins are treated as one unit, rather than as separate children, but from a scientist's point of view this is research heaven, because it allows them to unravel the complex interactions between environment and genes in a way that would be impossible from other studies [~J Yulia Kovas, part of the institute's social, genetic and developmental psychiatry centre, described how the twins had helped her study how genes can make it hard -for some children to grasp mathematical concepts - an area that has always been little understood She analysed the test results in maths, reading and general intelligence for almost 3,000 pairs of twins when they were seven years old The influence of genes inherited from parents could be analysed by comparing the test results from identical and non-identical twins She found that there was a significant genetic overlap between their maths ability and reading, as well as between their maths and their general intelligence But some DNA markers also appeared to work more specifically in favour of maths ~I Professor Robert Plomin, professor of behavioural genetics at the institute, said recently: 'The idea is that DNA is an early warning system If we can read it properly, we can predict problems and hopefully intervene to help.' QTI_ 'The discovery that psychopathic tendencies are strongly heritable suggests that we need to get help for these youngsters early on,' she said 'Any behaviour is influenced by multiple genes and an unlucky combination of genes may increase vulnerability to a disorder.' [E]~ _ The sight of two people who appear so similar that WE can't tell them apart can pose its own problems Fron: childhood, parents are told by schools, birth experG and well-meaning friends that they should dress thei:! children differently and separate them in as many wa ~ as possible CEJ _ But many identical twins, although they cherish the::own identity, actually like being so similar They donregard it as a negative condition, or 'freakish' in arway, even if other people find it hard to tell them ap~ A Most schools still have a policy of placing twins in different classes, because they think they will have a better chance of developing their own identity Often the children will be described as 'the one with more freckles', or 'the one with longer hair', rather than by their own names B 'What we think is that there may be a pool of between fifty and a hundred DNA markers that each have a small effect, but actually influence our general cognitive ability,' she said 'They have a stream-like effect, rather than one particular gene making you good or bad at sums.' C The same Teds group has allowed another researcher, Dr Essi Viding, to analyse the genetic basis for psychopathic tendencies By comparing identical and non-identical twins who displayed both anti-social behaviour and psychopathic tendencies, such as callousness and a lack of remorse or empathy towards others, she was able to find that there were very strong genetic factors influencing those who displayed callous, unemotional traits - but no such factors in those who were simply very aggressive and anti-social D Meanwhile, the parents of twins have to live with the fact that their children's genes may bind them to each other in a way that at times appears to be slightly spooky It's often a problem of how they are perceived from the outside, rather than for the families themselves E Linda and Diarmaid Lee, who live near Crewkerne in Somerset, have had a real learning experience by having had identical twin boys, James and Matthew, who are now three and a half, and nonidentical twins, Ben and Rachel, who are two The younger two are quite different in many ways 'Rachel has some more female traits When they were all drawing once, their dad bought them all little lawnmowers and the boys were all off with them, but she looked at hers and put it down and carried on drawing.' F Identical twins have identical DNA Non-identical, or fraternal, twins share only 50 percent of their genetic make-up, much the same as any other siblings would But twins of both kinds are also overwhelmingly likely to have shared very similar environments, unless they are separated in childhood They tend to have the same diet, the same housing, and are exposed to the same factors such as pollution Their very closeness makes them special G At the Institute of Psychiatry in London, more than 15,000 pairs of twins have been tracked over the past ten years These children, now aged eleven, ten and nine, are part of the Twins Early Development Study (Teds), an invaluable resource because scientists searching for particular genes can compare identical twins with non-identical twins The samples of their DNA, which is stored carefully in laboratories in south London, could unlock clues to a host of diseases and conditions that are as yet not understood H Jeremy Wilmer has come here to find as many twins as possible to help him understand more about how people see 'There is a strong inherited factor involved in how well you can see in three-D,' explained Wilmer, a PhD student 'I'm hoping to get some twins to wear special glasses and look at my computer screen, so that I can measure how good their visual skills are Frankly, this festival is a godsend for medical research.' CPE T EST PAPER2 writing You are going to read an extract from a book For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B, C or OJ which you think fits best according to the text PAPER3 Use of English Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet PAPER4 Listening PAPER5 Speaking T o say the least, Alexander Trevozhov's was an unusual interpretation of the ballade's beginning He did not play the opening chords forte and pesante, as is written, but so softly that they ,"vere almost inaudible In any ordinary concert they would have been, but his unexpected use of understatement, along with his formidable presence, had commanded absolute silence in his audience I began to understand the praise of him I had heard I did not open my eyes, but I listened intently It was impossible not to: the music caught and bound me as it had caught and bound the entire house The anxiety accrued during Mr Trevozhov's long delay may have shifted as he began to play, but it had not abated It seemed that the tension his presence had unfurled was slowly weaving into the music, becoming so ingrained that the familiar score sounded entirely alien Technically, he was perfect But the pain emanating from every note he played was something significantly more potent than the regretful melancholy Chopin had written into the piece Each note was askew, its emotion turned inward on itself to reverberate as something close to horror I wanted the music to end but also to go on forever My intense desire to run away had not dissipated, but equally strong was the ridiculous desire to run to him I was unaware of having heard the final chords until I realized that we had been sitting for several moments in absolute silence - a sound I had never heard in that hall in my life, and which I doubt will ever be heard there again The hush dangled, as unresolved as the music had been Then, all at once, it was filled with uproarious applause, a standing ovation But I could not clap, nor stand; I could only sit staring at the light-box of the stage, for once completely unaware of myself I did not even sense the tears streaming down my face My grandfather looked down at me with troubled eyes At his side, Mary looked hazily triumphant 'Still think it's only the best that a dying man could do, love?' she asked Although I knew that it was only her way of telling me that I did not yet know everything there was to know, I shook my head 'No,' I said softly, but with more vehemence than her mild gibe deserved 'It's not the music He could have played scales, and it would have been the same That's no ordinary man on that stage His music isn't human.' Before either of them could answer, Mr Trevozhov was playing again, this time Debussy Again I was listening to a sound that transcended, even ridiculed the lines and notes composing the music spilling from beneath his fingers All too soon the incredible sound had been swallowed again by applause When the concert ended, I insisted on meetina o him ' but the crowd around his dressing room was impenetrable Mary and my grandfather wanted to go, she complaining of weariness, he of an ache in his arms and chest; grudgingly I agreed I turned once, though, as we retreated, to have a last look at Mr Trevozhov By fate or chance he turned as well His eyes snagged for a moment on my grandfather's fragile form, then moved on to me Recovering from what seemed a great surprise, he smiled He gestured as though to move toward us, but at the same moment my grandfather stepped between us, blocking my view of him The car's waiting, Eleanor,' he said There was no question of contradicting the steely authority in his voice; it was a tone he used with me seldom, and never without good cause I looked at him, puzzled, but he wouldn't meet my eyes Mary tugged gently at my hand, urging me toward the lobby, and though I tried again to catch the pianist's eye, the crowd had closed around him once more, sealing him off from me as effectively as my grandfather could have wished 'Do you know him?' I asked, as we made our way out into the snowy night 'No,' he answered shortly, looking straight ahead 'He seemed to know you - or to have something to say to us, anyway.' He didn't answer, nor look at me Mary smiled sympathetically as we climbed into the car, but the truth was, I had nearly put the incident out of my mind again, turning instead to more frivolous thoughts I had not begun to examine the intricacies of the feeling the foreign pianist's eyes had stirred in me It seemed enough, at the time, that he had noticed me Yet I would find myself replaying the scene many times in the months to come, sometimes with regret, sometimes with pleasure, but always with a recondite feeling of emptiness and longing 34 When Trevozhov began to play, absolute silence prevailed because A he himself had insisted on it B he interpreted the music in such an unusual way the audience were awed by his charisma and style D the audience had to strain to hear the music e 35 The narrator noted that Trevozhov's interpretation of Chopin's music A was far superior to the composer's original intentions B contained barely perceptible musical flaws caused the audience to feel increasingly tense D was infused with so much raw emotion that it unsettled her e 36 When Trevozhov had finished playing the first piece, the audience A immediately began cheering and clapping enthusiastically B made no sound whatsoever leapt to their feet in unison D stood and clapped after a moment of stunned silence e 37 The narrator clearly felt A that the music had not ended properly B that she had overreacted to Mary's comment jealous of Trevozhov's extraordinary talent D that Trevozhov had superhuman powers e 38 The narrator was unable to meet Trevozhov after the performance because A there were too many people around him B her companions wanted to leave early their car was about to leave D her grandfather forbade it e 39 After that night, the narrator A tried to forget about the way she'd felt when she saw Trevozhov B went back to thinking about inconsequential matters would often think about the moment Trevozhov had looked at her D regretted not having spoken to Trevozhov when she had had the chance e 40 Trevozhov seems A to be an artist of some renown B to know Eleanor's grandfather well e to habitually make his audiences feel nervous D to have suffered acutely during his life PAPER Reading • j, • You must answer this question Write your answer in 300-350 words in an appropriate style PAPER PAPER4 Listening PAPER Speaking You have read the extract below as part of a newspaper article on the collections in the world's museums Readers were asked to send in their opinions You decide to write a letter responding to the points raised and expressing your own views The collections of antiqUItles that reside in the museums of the world offer visitors from every continent the chance to learn about the history, culture and art of civilisations that they would otherwise never have the chance to experience Yet there are those who believe all precious artefacts should be returned to their country of origin If this were indeed to happen, no museum would be safe, and visitors would cease to benefit from the diversity of these precious objects The woman's father A doesn't know what to with himself B is thinking of taking up some sort of sport C feels betrayed by his previous employers The man's father A used to be a business tycoon B spent his pension right away C started his own wine-making business Julia decided to change her career because A there were no promotional prospects in her previous job B she had previously worked in tourism C she realised there were no holidays available for single people She realised that many single women A were hoping to meet a potential partner abroad B were not used to arranging their own holidays C suffered from a lack of self-esteem CPE T EST PAPER Reading PAPER Writing You will hear a radio talk about ley lines For questions 9-17, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase PAPER Use of English _ The Glastonbury Tor is located at the I=:!J I ~ of many ley lines The Nazca lines on the Peruvian I IJIJ are also thought by some to be on ley lines Alfred Watkins thought that ancient peoples marked their I C!D Not everyone accepts that the alignment by building structures along them of ancient sites is anything but I Ruth believes that ley lines could be an indication of the Earth's I Ancient peoples may have been drawn to ley lines because they were more Q[] natur= Another theory claims ancient civilisations when erecting monuments made I ~ in order to represent the position of certain groups stars Some scientists believe there is greater Q2J in areas surrounding ley Ii = PAPER Reading PAPER Writing PAPER Use of English You will hear part of an interview with an artist about the subject of art For questions 18-22, choose the answer (A, B, or D) which fits best according to what you hear e 18 How does Brendan feel about his work? A He prefers negative criticism to no reaction at all B His intention is to provoke critics with his art e He believes his art can only be viewed subjectively D His definition of art is at odds with general opinion 19 According to Brendan, standing on a chair A is an example of what art should be B would be art if it was intended to be is an example of mediocre art e D would not be considered 20 art by most people Brendan says that some successful artists A are not very good at drawing B have not been able to create original art lack the ability to express ideas D use excessively old-fashioned techniques e 21 Brendan doesn't think that A throwing paint at a canvas would constitute art B it is difficult to come up with original ideas critics are open-minded enough D modern art has nowhere left to go e 22 The invention of the camera A allowed more people to indulge their passion for taking portraits B enabled photographers to imitate life more closely meant that artists were no longer restricted to copying from life e D changed the way society viewed the role of the artist PAPER Reading PAPER Writing You will hear an interview with Mark and Trudy, two zoologists For questions 23-28, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or PAPER Use of English whether the speakers agree Write M for Mark or T B for Trudy for Both, where they agree 23 The idea that bees communicate through a language is controversial ~ 24 Von Frisch attempted to show that bees not use random signs to communicate ~ 25 Some people believe it is impossible for animals to have a language ~ 26 While they are dancing, bees adopt a position that indicates the direction of food sources 27 The longer the dance, the greater may be the distance of the food source from the hive ~ c=IEJ 28 An energetic dance indicates a more important food source and is watched by more bees than a less energetic dance ~ PAPER Reading PAPER Writing PAPER Use of English Answer these questions: PAPER Listening • What entertainment age? and leisure facilities are there in the area for people of your • How would you like to see your town develop? • What places of interest would you recommend to a visitor to your area? Candidates A and B: Turn to pictures A-F on pages 136-137, which show aspects of safety First look at pictures C and E, and discuss how they reflect our attitudes towards feeling safe You have about one minute for this Now look at all the pictures You leaflet advising people on safety picture shows, and decide which the leaflet You have about three have been asked to design a police information in the home Discuss which aspects of safety each pictures would best be used as an illustration in minutes for this Candidate A: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it You can use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own You have two minutes for this How beneficial is competition? • motivation • ambition • self-esteem Candidate B: Is there anything you would like to add? Candidate B: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it You can use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own You have two minutes for this Which is more effective in the work place: competition between colleagues or team effort? • brainstorming ideas • personal ambition • company ethics Candidate A: Is there anything you would like to add? Candidates A and B: Now answer these questions about competition in general: • Is it a good idea to teach children to be competitive in sport? • What effect does competition have on those who are not good performers? • Are we competitive by nature or because of social conditioning? rmI_4 _ I think people are increasingly isolated in their homes People are encouraged to feel afraid In my opinion, burglar alarms encourage a sense of false security I believe it's more a matter of deterring potential intruders Picture (A) is suitable because it highlights This picture emphasises the importance An unattended child/toddler the dangers of of having is a casualty waiting to happen break into someone's home burglar alarm chi Id-proof kitchen/household/appl computer-activated alarm system deterrent effective prison system fire alarm hazards in the home hidden dangers in the home intruder law and order legal system Neighbourhood Watch system policeman on the street prison cell security lock iance pervade (vI to become a noticeable PAPER3 Use of English ~~PART plague (n) a very infectious society lure (v) to trick someone disease which usually results in death flesh (n) a human being, and more particularly, their body fallacy (n) an idea which many people believe to be true, but which is in fact false because it is based on incorrect susceptible (n) proximity or person ventilation humidity information (adj) likely to be affected by something proximity or reasoning such as a disease to a place or person is nearness to that place (n) allowing fresh air to circulate (n) the amount a place or into a particular place or to trick them into doing something that they should not tap (v) if you tap a resource, you make use of it by getting from it something that you need or want far-reaching (adj) having a great influence and affecting a great number of things hum (v) to sing a tune with your lips closed in a room jingle (n) a short, simple tune, often with words, which is used to of water in the air correlation (n) a connection conversely (adv) used to indicate that the situation describe is the opposite feature throughout thing outcast (n) someone who is not accepted by a group of people or by advertise or link between things you are about to or reverse of the one you have just described a product or programme on radio or television reel off (phr v) to repeat information from memory quickly and easily slogan (n) a short phrase that is easy to remember blink (v) to shut your eyes and very quickly open them again ~~PART unnerving span (v) to last throughout a long period of time spine (n) a long, sharp point on an animal's body or on a plant uncomfortable uncanny (adj) strange and difficult squat (v) to sit low on the ground suspended animation (n) a state in which an organism's is functioning conditions burst forth (phr) to suddenly vibrant metabolism very slowly, for example so that it can survive difficult break open or appear unchecked, nobody controls someone to a particular to explain harmful or undesirable relentless else tries to harm or trick and secretive, often in a complicated (adj) never stopping brainwash skill or type of or (n) a desire to find out about things, especially curb (v) to control something and keep it within or becoming secret way limits less intense (v) to force someone to believe something telling them that it is true, and preventing and teach them about it is left it or prevents it from growing (adv) always things devious (adj) dishonest hardy (adj) a hardy plant is able to survive in cold weather or developing inquisitiveness constitution (n) someone's health swell (v) to become larger and rounder than before (v) to introduce (adj) if something makes you feel worried prey (n) a person or people whom someone (adj) very bright and clear knowledge unnerving unchecked invariably draw (v) to attract someone very strongly initiate (adj) something by continually them from thinking about it properly ~~PART astute (adj) showing an understanding of behaviour and situations, and skilful at using this knowledge to one's own advantage foible (n) a habit or characteristic that someone has which is considered rather strange, foolish or bad but which is also considered unimportant longing (n) a sad feeling of wanting take the initiative and PAPER Reading fad (n) an activity or topic of interest that is very popular for a short time, but which people become bored with very quickly that are used in special or technical groups of people, often making the language difficult to understand substance (n) the quality of being important icon (n) an important pirate (v) to illegally programs quintillion or significant symbol of a particular thing copy video tapes, cassettes, books or computer (n) the number that is represented as a one followed by eighteen zeros (US); the number represented as a one followed by thirty zeros (Europe) ~~PART binding (adj) a binding promise, agreement or decision must be renovation (n) an old building that has been repaired or redecorated install (v) to fit or put a piece of equipment obeyed or carried out somewhere so that it is ready to be used restriction (n) a limit to where you can go or what you can HPART entice (v) to try to persuade someone to go somewhere or to conventional (adj) a conventional method or product is one that is usually used or that has been in use for a long time c:omething ualms (n) if you have no qualms about doing something, orried that it may be wrong bjective (n) what someone it is difficult trum (n) if a child has a tantrum, they have not done trying to or other people are against it they lose their temper in a noisy of a problem or dangerous and developing gradually the things exactly what the is (adj) clear enough or definite enough to be easily seen, felt or noticed self-assurance (n) confidence in yourself burden (n) a problem or a responsibility that causes someone a lot of difficulty, worry or hard work concede (v) to admit, often unwillingly, way rn-out (adj) exhausted out being noticed cause or solution tangible continues = d uncontrolled idious (adj) unpleasant deja vu (n) the feeling that you have already experienced that are happening to you now put your finger on something (phr) to see or identify in some way ag (v) to keep asking someone to something even though you are not is trying to achieve 3t or not want to ::ersistent (adj) someone who is persistent - mething, _ ~~PART very much (phr) to be the first person to act in a situation, therefore able to control it jargon (n) words and expressions ways by particular something mI ~ correct attentive (adj) paying close attention that something is true or to what is being said or done blustery (adj) rough, windy and often rainy, with the wind often changing in strength or direction starling (n) a very common bird with greenish-black feathers covered in pale spots which is found in Europe and North America mass (v) to gather together into a large crowd or group goosebumps (n) a reflex erection of hairs on the skin in response to cold or emotional stress or skin irritation ~~PART intrinsic (adj) being part of the nature of something or someone forge (v) if one person or institution forges a link with another, they create it with a lot of hard work, hoping that it will be strong or lasting reaffirm (v) to state your belief in something again clearly and firmly kin (n) family members; relatives inextricably (adv) if two or more things are inextricably linked, they cannot be considered separately deity (n) a god or goddess invoke (v) to call on a higher power for help, support or inspiration outlet (n) a means of expressing and releasing feelings, thoughts or energy premise (n) something that you suppose is true and that you use as a basis for developing an idea; an assumption interrelate (v) to connect; to have a common connection suppress (v) if a natural function or reaction of your body is suppressed, it is stopped, for example by drugs or illness muscle tone (n) the degree of firmness and strength in a person's muscles circulation (n) the movement of blood through your body respiratory (adj) relating to breathing cognitive (adj) relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning and understanding things motivation (n) your motivation for doing something is what causes you to want to it choreograph (v) to invent the steps and movements in a dance and tell the dancers how to perform them improvise (v) when performers improvise, they invent music or words as they play, sing or speak meld (v) to cause to merge clinical (adj) involving or relating to the direct medical treatment or testing of patients alleviate (v) to make pain, suffering or an unpleasant condition less intense or severe diminish (v) to reduce or become reduced in size, importance or intensity array (n) a large number or wide range of different people or things ailment (n) an illness, especially one that is not very serious sheer (adj) used to emphasise that a state or situation is complete and does not involve or is not mixed with anything else score (n) the music which is written or used for a film, play or similar performance flair (n) a natural ability to something well; a talent fluidity (n) smooth, graceful movement sensuality (n) a liking for physical pleasures rather than the pleasures of the mind spellbound (adj) so fascinated by something that you cannot think about anything else awestruck (adj) very impressed and amazed by something itch (v) if you are itching to something, you are very eager or impatient to it tread (v) if you tread a particular path, you take a particular course of action or something in a particular way conceive (v) to think of a plan or idea and work out how it can be done evocative (adj) good or interesting because it produces pleasant memories, ideas, emotions and responses in people raw (adj) raw emotions are strong basic feelings or responses which are not weakened by other influences encapsulate (v) to represent all the most important aspects of a particular thing or idea in a very small space or in a single object or event sphere (n) a place or group that is unique and has its own private members frenetic (adj) fast and energetic, but rather uncontrolled lull (v) to cause someone to feel calm or sleepy trance (n) a state of mind in which someone seems to be asleep or has no conscious control over their thoughts or actions, but in which they can see and hear things and respond to commands given by other people shun (v) to deliberately avoid someone or something upper circle (n) a group of people within society who are in a higher class or who have a lot of power, money or influence linear (adj) linear movement or force occurs in a straight line rather than in a curve vulgar (adj) distasteful, offensive, rude or unpleasant ambivalent (adj) if someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it stigma (n) if something has a stigma attached to it, people think it is something to be ashamed of gaucho (n) a South American cowboy odour (n) a particular and distinctive smell flex (v) to bend, move or stretch muscles or parts of your body for a short time in order to exercise them manoeuvre (v) to skilfully move something into or out of an awkward position ~~PART endure (v) to experience a painful or difficult situation without avoiding it or giving up, usually because you cannot disarming (adj) making you feel less angry or hostile guinea pig (n) someone who is used in an experiment, or has something tested on them that has not been tested on people before gene (n) a part of a cell in a living thing which controls its physical characteristics, growth and development unravel (v) to gradually work out the answer to a mystery or puzzle until it becomes clearer concept (n) an idea or abstract principle inherit (v) to be born with a particular characteristic or quality because your parents or ancestors also had it overlap (n) if there is an overlap between one thing and another, a part of the first thing occupies the same area as a part of the other thing (geneticl marker (n) a gene or DNA sequence having a known location on a chromosome and associated with a particular gene or trait heritable (adj) capable of being passed from one generation to the next; hereditary disorder (n) a problem or illness which affects someone's mind or body cherish (v) to regard something such as a right, a privilege or a principle, as important and to try hard to keep it freakish (adj) remarkable because it is not normal or natural freckles (n) small light brown spots on someone's skin, especially their face callousness (n) a lack of concern for other people or their feelings; cruelty remorse (n) a strong feeling of sadness and regret about somethi~; wrong that you have done empathy (n) the ability to share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were your own trait (n) a particular characteristic, quality or tendency that someone or something has spooky (adj) unnatural; creepy perceive (v) if you perceive someone as being a particular thing, it is your opinion that they are that thing lawnmower (n) a machine for cutting grass on lawns fraternal (adj) fraternal twins are twins born from two eggs, so they are not exactly the same They may look different from each other or be different sexes sibling (n) your siblings are your brothers or sisters godsend (n) something that helps you very much ~~PART ballade (n) a composition, usually for the piano, with the romantic or dramatic quality of a narrative poem chord (n) a number of musical notes played or sung at the same time with a pleasing effect inaudible (adj) if a sound is inaudible, you are unable to hear it understatement (n) a statement that does not fully express the extent to which something is true formidable (adj) if something or someone is formidable, you feel slightly frightened by them because they are very great or impressive accrue (v) if something like money accrues, it gradually increases in amount over a period of time abate (v) to become much less strong or severe unfurl (v) if an event, a story or a scene unfurls before you, you are aware of it or can see it as it happens or develops emanate (v) if something emanates from somewhere, it comes from there askew (adj) something that is askew is not straight or not level with what it should be level with reverberate (v) when a sound reverberates through a place, it echoes through it dangle (v) to cause (an expectation or hope) to hang uncertainly or remain unresolved unresolved (adj) if a problem or difficulty is unresolved, no satisfactory solution has been found to it uproarious (adj) very noisy standing ovation (n) if a performer gets a standing ovation when they have finished performing, the audience stands up to clap in order to show its admiration or support hazy (adj) uncertain or confused vehemence (n) strong feelings or opinions which are expressed "orcefully gibe (n) a rude or insulting remark about someone that is intended to ake them look foolish eariness (n) tiredness rudging (adj) felt or done very unwillingly treat (v) to move away from something or someone snag (v) if you snag part of your clothing on a sharp or rough object, ~ gets caught on the object and tears eely (adj) hard, strong and determined g (v) to pull al off (phr v) if one object or area is sealed off from another, there is := ohysical barrier between them so that nothing can pass between -em rt (adj) if you are short with someone, you speak briefly and rather -_ ely to them because you are impatient or angry olous (adj) not serious or useful icacies (n) complicated details (v) to cause someone to feel an emotion ndite (adj) difficult to understand PAPER Writing ~~PART reside (v) to live or stay in a place PAPER Use of English ~~PART quintessential (adj) representing a perfect or typical example of something, or representing the central nature of something crook (n) a long pole with a large hook at the end often carried by a shepherd wicket gate (n) a small door or gate, especially one built into or near a larger one amalgamation (n) something that is made up of a mixture of different things dispute (n) an argument or disagreement between people or groups ~~PART outright (adv) immediately and completely prohibit (v) to forbid something or make it illegal equivocal (adj) deliberately vague in what you say, because you want to avoid speaking the truth or making ~ decision brutal (adj) cruel and violent deprive (v) to take something away from someone who wants or needs it, or to prevent them from having it ~~PART advocate (v) to publicly recommend a particular action or plan incubate (v) when birds incubate their eggs, they keep the eggs warm until the baby birds come out enlightenment (n) the state of having more knowledge and a greater understanding about something lucid (adj) clear and easy to understand coherent (adj) clear and easy to understand avenue (n) a way of getting something done empower (v) to give someone the means to achieve something, for example to become stronger or more successful boost (n) something that acts to improve your confidence or morale self-esteem (n) the way you feel about yourself adaptive (adj) having the ability or tendency to adapt to different situations neural (adj) relating to a nerve or to the nervous system preoccupation (n) a state of mind in which you think about something so much that you not consider other things to be important shaman (n) a person in some North American cultures who is believed to have powers to heal sick people or to remove evil spirits from them witch doctor (n) a person in some societies, for example in Africa, who is thought to have magic powers which can be used to heal people fend off (phr v) to defend yourself from something evil or dangerous induce (v) to persuade or influence someone to something repress (v) to make a deliberate effort not to show or have a particular feeling; to suppress ice-breaker (n) something that someone says or does in order to make it easier for people who have never met before to talk to each other emergent (adj) becoming powerful or coming into existence development is having on its survival, and saying whether anything is being done to protect it Conclude by saying what you would like to happen with regard to improving the protection of wildlife in your area Question Style: Formal Content: Letter 8egin your letter by stating your reason for writing: to complain about the train and the service provided by the railway company In the main body give details to support what you are saying Refer to all the points in the question: • the dirty state of the train • the poor canteen facilities • your failure to arrive at work on time Conclude by saying clearly what action you expect the railway company to take and whether you expect them to compensate you in any way 41 morally questionable messages in advertisements which suggest that a child is stupid if he does not buy the product 42 'children have become a prime target' 43 There are no restrictions on advertising on the Internet; children are usually unsupervised while online, giving advertisers virtually unlimited access to them 44 Content points: • they are able to persuade parents to buy them things (first text) • they will become tomorrow's adult consumers / manufacturers want to turn them into lifetime consumers (first text) • children's insecurities make them easier to influence (first and second text) • children are often exposed to advertising when alone (watching TV or on the Internet) (second text) PAPER4 Listening ~ ~ PART 1C 28 PAPER Use of English 38 ~HART 1 of less more However/Rather/Instead being with tend/seem turn 4A lead 10 despite 11 from 12 if 13 between 14 show/indicate 15 make/render ~ ~ PART 16 swollen (verb to past participle) 17 apparently (verb to adjective to adverb) 18 gloriously (noun to adjective to adverb) 19 variety (adjective to noun) 20 irresistibly (verb to negative adjective to adverb) 21 uninitiated (verb to negative past participle) 22 requirements (verb to plural noun) 23 enables (adjective to verb) 24 unlikely (preposition to negative adjective) 25 enthusiasts (verb to plural noun) ~ ~ PART 26 hold 27 sense 28 petty 29 follow 30 terms 31 reeling ~ ~ PART 32 no time (1) did David express (any) (1) 33 is under threat (1) of closure (1) 341 will take (1) your word for (1) 35 you will be/are (1) bound by (1) 36 with hindsight, (1) I could not have done anything (1) 37 (will) insist on (1) staying up/on not going to bed (1) 38 made a name (1) for herself as (1) 39 is prone to (1) illness/getting ill (1) ~ ~ PART 40 Advertisers not question the morals of what they are doing, they simply want to sell their product (because if they not, they will be in trouble) H PART leisure activity 10 (carbon dioxide) emissions 11 road safety 12 (comprehensive) schools 13 new recruits 14 (coronary) heart 15 injuries and fractures 16 mental performance 17 free of charge ~ ~ PART 18 19 20 A 21 22 C ~ ~ PART 23 T 24 J 258 268 27 T 288 nII_4 _ PAPER Reading ~ ~ PART 1820 3C 48 5A 6C 70 14 C 15 A 16 C 17 188 88 9A 10C 118 12C 130 ~ ~ PART 19 A: Incorrect Dance helps them to feel closer to their ancestors: 'Allover North America, traditional dance continues to forge a link with ancient ancestors' 19 8: Correct 'Allover North America, traditional dance continues to forge a link with ancient ancestors and allows the native peoples of modern America to reaffirm their cultural identity as well as celebrate fundamental relationships with nature, their tribes and kin.' 19 C: Incorrect Dance helps them to celebrate nature, not exploit it: 'traditional dance allows the native peoples of modern America to celebrate fundamental relationships with nature' 19 D: Incorrect Dance helps them have good relationships within their own tribe: 'traditional dance allows the native peoples of modern America to celebrate fundamental relationships with nature, their tribe and kin' 20 A: Correct 'As well as giving non-commercial public performances, modern dancers also perform in private or before small groups to offer up prayers to ancient deities, to invoke cures for illnesses, to influence nature or to act out a story.' 20 B: Incorrect 'modern dancers also perform to offer up prayers to ancient deities' 20 C: Incorrect The writer does not mention the size of audiences, but there is a contrast between the 'public performances' they give and the private 'small groups' they also dance in front of 20 D: Incorrect 'Dancers usually take small steps and stay near the ground, performing either to rhythmic vocal music or an assortment of instruments.' 21 A: Incorrect The text does not say that dance can provide solutions to problems 21 B: Incorrect The text says that 'our minds and bodies are interrelated', but not that this connection is created by dance 21 C: Incorrect 'Dance has been shown to be clinically effective in dealing with depression, alleviating chronic pain and improving self-image Furthermore, dancing diminishes stress levels, promotes a feeling of health and well-being and increases our energy levels Dance therapy has been used successfully to help patients with an array of ailments including Aids, cancer, strokes, brain injury and stress-related illnesses It also benefits psychiatric patients, the disabled, the mentally handicapped and the elderly.' However, the text does not say it can cure all our physical problems Correct 'dance has frequently been used to provide an outlet for negative emotional or mental energies' Incorrect The text does not state or imply this _ _ orrect 'Whether choreographed or improvised, physical rhythmic movements encourage a melding of brain and body that can help us fight illness from within.' - Incorrect Dance has been used in clinical trials but this is ot why it is successful correct Dance has been used to treat patients with curable illnesses, but this is not why it is successful orrect The expression 'I was knocked off my feet' eans 'I was overwhelmed' - rrect The writer was impressed by different aspects of dance, but he does not describe any conflicting o"ions ect 'I couldn't believe the sheer energy and =- _berance of the routines, the power of the score, the _ =5-ive flair of the choreographers and the fluidity of the -=-'Cers I remember being moved by the sensuality, bound by the glamour, awestruck by the visual -=c:a Ie.' = == - oct 'I consider it a major turning point in my lifewhich I would probably have trod a different path.' - _ ~ er, we not know if the 'different path' meant he ally dedicated his life to dance - " The text says that FireDance was a simple idea, - -:J: ihat the people were simple: 'As a show, FireDance _= 24 B: 24 C: 24 D: 25 A: 25 B: 25 C: 25 D: 26 A: 26 B: 26 C: 26 D: was successful because it was essentially a simple idea, yet brilliantly conceived' Incorrect Although it is true that the upper classes did not dance the tango, this does not explain whvthe tango did not catch on immediately Correct 'Within a year of its first performance, FireDance had become an international phenomenon.' Incorrect The pace varied: 'The pace of the production carried the audience along, at moments frenetically throwing you into the rhythms, at others, lulling you into a trance' Incorrect Although it is true that the upper classes did not dance the tango, this does not explain why the tango did not catch on immediately Incorrect The text does not state or imply that the tango was unpopular was because it did not adhere to 'rules' Incorrect The waltz was beginning to become popular in Europe: 'European society was ambivalent even about the waltz, in which partners actually had to touch each other, which was onlv just beginning to catch on there.' However, the text does not compare the relative popularity of the waltz and tango Correct 'Yet when it began and for a long time afterwards, the dance was shunned by the upper circles of Argentine society At a time when all fashionable dances were performed in linear or circular arrangements by groups of dancers, the very idea of a man and a woman in such close phvsical proximity was considered vulgar and immoral.' Incorrect Although the tango may have originated as a dance performed by gauchos in bars, the text does not say that the gauchos' leisure activities were unsanitary Correct 'Legend has it that the woman would dance at arm's length from him, with her head thrown far back, trying to distance herself from his working day odour, while he would walk with his knees flexed because of his stiff clothes Together they would bend their bodies to manoeuvre in the space available between the tables Thus the tango was born.' Incorrect The gaucho's clothes may have affected his posture, but this is not what created the tango Incorrect The dance floor was usually small and restricted, not unlimited in size ~HART3 27 H: There is a link between 'A festival that takes place this weekend in Twinsburg, Ohio' in the first paragraph and 'Jeremy Wilmer has come here' and 'Frankly, this festival is a godsend for medical research' in paragraph H 28 F: There is a link between 'Their DNA is helping to answer some of the questions in the age-old debate over whether it is your genes or the environment in which you were brought up that determines your behaviour and your health' in the paragraph before the gap and 'Identical twins have identical DNA Non-identical, or fraternal, twins share only 50 percent of their genetic make-up But twins of both kinds are also overwhelmingly likely to have shared very similar environments' in paragraph F 29 G: There is a link between 'the Institute of Psychiatry in London' in paragraph G and 'Yulia Kovas, part of the institute's social, genetic and developmental psychiatry centre' in the paragraph after the gap 30 B: The word 'she' in paragraph B refers to 'Yulia Kovas' in the paragraph before the gap There is also a link between 'But some DNA markers also appeared to work more specifically in favour of maths' in the paragraph before the gap and 'there may be a pool of between fifty and a hundred DNA markers making you good or bad at sums' in paragraph B 31 C: There is a link between 'The same Teds group' in paragraph C and 'Twins Early Development Study (Teds)', which is mentioned for the first time in a previous gapped paragraph, paragraph G There is also a link between 'The same Teds group has allowed another researcher, Dr Essi Viding, to analyse the genetic basis for psychopathic tendencies' in paragraph C and' "The discovery that psychopathic tendencies are strongly heritable suggests that we need to get help for these youngsters early on," she said' in the paragraph after the gap Here, 'she' refers to Dr Essi Viding 32 D: The paragraph after the gap refers to the appearance of identical twins, which links to 'It's often a problem of how they are perceived from the outside' in paragraph D The word 'Meanwhile' at the beginning of paragraph D also indicates that the subject is being changed slightly 33 A: There is a link between 'From childhood, parents are told that they should dress their children differently and separate them in as many ways as possible' in the paragraph before the gap, 'Most schools still have a policy of placing twins in different classes' in paragraph A, and 'But many identical twins, although they cherish their own identity, actually like being so similar' in the last paragraph H PART 34 A: Incorrect The text does not state or imply that Trevozhov asked for silence, but rather that 'his unexpected use of understatement, along with his formidable presence' caused the audience to fall silent 34 B: Incorrect It is true that his interpretation of the music was unusual, but it was not this that caused the silence 34 C: Correct 'his unexpected use of understatement, along with his formidable presence, had commanded absolute silence in his audience' 34 D: Incorrect The audience were silenced by Trevozhov's 'unexpected use of understatement, along with his formidable presence', not because they couldn't hear the music otherwise 35 A: Incorrect The narrator implies that Trevozhov's interpretation was more powerful than what the composer seemed to have intended, but not that it was 'far superior' 35 B: Incorrect Trevozhov did not follow the composer's markings, but the narrator does not imply that this failure constituted 'barely perceptible musical flaws' 35 C: Incorrect The audience were tense even before Trevozhov began to play: 'The anxiety accrued during Mr Trevozhov's long delay may have shifted as he began to play, but it had not abated.' 35 D: Correct 'But the pain emanating from every note he played was something significantly more potent than the regretful melancholy Chopin had written into the piece Each note was askew, its emotion turned inward on itself to reverberate as something close to horror.' 36 A: Incorrect 'I was unaware of having heard the final chords until I realized that we had been sitting for several moments in absolute silence' 36 B: Incorrect There was no sound for several moments, but then there was 'uproarious applause' 36 C: Incorrect The audience got to their feet - there was 'a standing ovation', but the text does not state or imply that people leapt to their feet in unison 36 D: Correct 'The hush dangled, as unresolved as the music had been Then, all at once, it was filled with uproarious applause, a standing ovation.' 37 A: Incorrect The narrator does not state or imply this 37 B: Correct 'No,' I said softly, but with more vehemence than her mild gibe deserved.' 37 C: Incorrect The narrator does not state or imply this 37 D: Incorrect The narrator implies that Trevozhov is an extraordinary musician, not that he has superhuman powers: 'He could have played scales, and it would have been the same That's no ordinary man on that stage His music isn't human.' 38 A: Correct 'When the concert ended, I insisted on meeting him, but the crowd around his dressing room was impenetrable.' 38 B: Incorrect They did not want to leave early; they simply wanted to leave when the concert had finished 38 C: Incorrect This is not the reason why the narrator was unable to meet Trevozhov 38 D: Incorrect The narrator's grandfather was clearly unwilling for her to meet Trevozhov, but he did not actually forbid her to so 39 A: Incorrect The narrator did not try to forget the way she had felt In fact, the opposite is implied: 'Yet I would find myself replaying the scene many times in the months to come' 39 B: Incorrect Although the narrator says 'I had nearly put the incident out of my mind again, turning instead to more frivolous thoughts', she goes on to say that she afterwar " began to 'examine the intricacies of the feeling the foreig pianist's eyes had stirred in me Yet I would find mysereplaying the scene many times in the months to come' 39 C: Correct 'I had not begun to examine the intricacies of t s feeling the foreign pianist's eyes had stirred in me Ye: would find myself replaying the scene many times in th months to come.' 39 D: Incorrect The narrator does not state or imply this 40 A: Correct 'I began to understand the praise of him I had heard.' 40 B: Incorrect There is some hint that Trevozhov knew or recognised the narrator's grandfather, but the text does -imply that he knew him 'well' 40 C: Incorrect The text does not state or imply this 40 D: Incorrect The text does not state or imply this PAPER2 Writing ~ ~ PART Question Style: Formal Content: Letter Begin by explaining your reason for writing, referring to the article you have read You may strongly agree or disagree with the statements in the article, or you may have mix-feelings about them Tackle each point one at G expressing your own views clearly and giving examples or evidence to support what you sa In another paragraph, you may want to offer some suggestions for compromise on this difficult issue Conclude by indicating what you hope the outcome will be, or express your wish that your letter be published in the next edition of the paper H PART Question Style: Semi-formal or formal Content: Review In the introduction name the product you are going to review and state your reasons for writing You can use headings for each paragraph Otherwise, make sure that each paragraph deals with a separate aspect of the product under review Cover all the points in the question: • ease of use of software • content • appeal to the age group Add any other thoughts or comments that may be relevant and use examples to compare the content to what happens in a real life situation Conclude by summarising your overail opinion of the product would from/against unlikely/improbable have about through/over 11 as 12 earlier/before 13 by/at/towards 14 whoever 15 up ~ ~ PART 16 harmless (noun/verb to negative adjective) 17 unequivocally (adjective to negative adverb) 18 whatsoever (pronoun to adverb) 19 brutality (adjective to noun) 20 fiery (noun to adjective) 21 confinement (verb to noun) 22 deprivation (verb to noun) 23 maltreatment/mistreatment (verb to negative noun) 24 popularity (adjective to noun) 25 exceeds (noun to verb) ~HART3 26 blow 27 tall 28 knocked 29 rough 30 nursery 31 playing H PART Question Style: Formal Content: Report, possibly divided into sections with headings Bullet points or numbered lists can also be used In the introduction explain why the report was commissioned In the main body you could have several paragraphs, each dealing with different parts of the leisure centre: • changing rooms • swimming pool area • playing areas • cafeteria Consider these questions: Which areas need to improve their disabled facilities, including wheelchair access? How might wheelchair users experience difficulty moving around? What steps need to be taken to make these areas more accessible? Conclude by summarising your main points and make recommendations for improvements Question Style: Semi-formal or informal Content: Article The experience you write about could be positive or negative, but the experience should be significant in some way Describe the event How did it come about? Who was involved? When did it happen? etc Why was it significant? How did you feel about it at the time? Conclude by describing how the experience affected you or changed your life PAPER3 Use of English ~ ~ PART 1 was Another similar 10 known 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 derive great pleasure (1) from being able to grow/growing the end (1) pollution will affect (1) has been (1) under construction (1) out of the ordinary (1) (ever) happens (1) was let off (1) with (just) a warning (1) no account (1) are you to go/must you go (1) you hadn't (1) brought up (1) don't happen (1) to have seen (1) (1) H PART 40 concentrating on a particular question or problem before falling asleep in the hope that an answer will be found in a dream 41 because it is hard to well/because it requires skill and practice 42 'an evolutionary bi-product (of sleep)' 43 Dreams echo{mirror{re\lresent our {ee(in~s, 'N()nies c.\\