An investigation into three metafunctions in inspiration stories videos of jay shetty

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY NGUYỄN THỊ THANH HIỀN AN INVESTIGATION INTO THREE METAFUNCTIONS IN INSPIRATION STORIES VIDEOS OF JAY SHETTY MASTER THESIS IN ENGLISH Binh Dinh, 2020 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY NGUYỄN THỊ THANH HIỀN AN INVESTIGATION INTO THREE METAFUNCTIONS IN INSPIRATION STORIES VIDEOS OF JAY SHETTY Field: English Linguistics Code: 22 02 01 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyễn Thị Thu Hiền BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN NGUYỄN THỊ THANH HIỀN CÁC SIÊU CHỨC NĂNG CỦA NGÔN NGỮ THỂ HIỆN TRONG CÁC VIDEO CỦA JAY SHETTY Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số: 22 02 01 Người hướng dẫn: PGS.TS Nguyễn Thị Thu Hiền I STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that this thesis with the title “An Investigation into Three Metafunctions in Inspiration Stories Videos of Jay Shetty” is entirely my own original work In addition, I emphasize that this thesis has not been submitted for any purposes in any materials Any works of other authors consulted in this thesis are listed in the reference Quy Nhon, 2020 NGUYỄN THỊ THANH HIỀN II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is impossible for me to complete this thesis in time without the huge support and assistance of all individuals around me First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, who has devoted her time and effort to giving guidance and valuable comments for me in spite of her huge workload Without her patience, encouragement and immese knowledge, my master thesis could not have been done Secondly, I am deeply grateful to all lecturers not only from Quy Nhon University (QNU) but also from other universities for their whole-hearted contribution to sharpening my academic knowledge during the previous semesters Thirdly, I expect to express my warmest thanks to the cooperation and support of the Department of Postgraduate Training and the Department of Foreign Languages of QNU Last but not least, my special thanks are given to my beloved family and my friends who has always given me their encouragements to motivate and assist me during the course and the period of doing this thesis Quy Nhon, 2020 III ABSTRACT This thesis is carried out with an aim to explore the three linguistic metafunctions of Inspiration Stories Videos of Jay Shetty based on Systemic Functional Grammar developed by Halliday In details, the study deals with realizing the three metafunctions including experiential metafunction, interpersonal metafunction and textual metafunction of the language in the videos Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used to serve the process conducting this research In this study, twenty-five Inspiration Stories Videos of Jay Shetty with various topics, each of which lasts no more than minutes, are under investigation The findings from the study are related to the three metafunctions identified in the chosen videos of Jay Shetty More specifically, in experiential metafunction, that relational process and material process are more dominant than other processes in the data proves that Jay’s video language is used to depict a picture of his outer world experience and to show the relationship of the entities in the stories As for interpersonal metafunction, declarative mood is employed with the higher proportion than imperative and interrogative moods in the clauses in IVoJ, which means language of the video is used to give information rather than to ask the viewers for the action or the reply Regarding textual metafunction, unmarked topical theme is the most frequently used theme type among the others Hopefully, the results of this study may contribute to confirming the findings in previous studies related to functional grammar and becoming a useful material for teachers and learners who are interested in studying English IV TABLE OF CONTENT STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II ABSTRACT III TABLE OF CONTENT IV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS VI LIST OF TABLES VII LIST OF FIGURES VIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aim and Objectives 1.2.1 Aim of the Study 1.2.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Scope of the Study 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Organization of the Study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Systemic Functional Grammar 2.1.1 Ideational Metafunction 2.1.2 Interpersonal Metafunction 12 2.1.3 Textual Metafunction 14 2.2 The application of SFG in Discourse Analysis 15 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 19 3.1 Research Methods 19 3.2 Data Collection and Description 19 V 3.3 Data Analysis 20 3.4 Research Procedures 21 3.5 Reliability and Validity of the Study 21 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 23 4.1 Experiential metafunction in IVoJ 23 4.1.1 Process types 24 4.1.2 Circumstances 41 4.2 Interpersonal metafunction in IVoJ 47 4.2.1 Mood system in IVoJ 47 4.2.2 Modality system in IVoJ 53 4.3 Textual metafunction in IVoJ 61 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 68 5.1 Conclusions 68 5.2 Implications 69 5.3 Limitations and suggestions for further researches 70 REFERENCES 71 APPENDICES I APPENDIX A DATA: LIST OF 25 INSPIRATION STORIES VIDEOS OF JAY SHETTY i APPENDIX B SAMPLE ANALYSIS iii VI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SFG Systemic Functional Grammar IVoJ Inspiration Stories Videos of Jay Shetty VII LIST OF TABLES Table Title number Page number 2.1 Types of circumstances 11 2.2 System of types of modality 13 4.1 The frequency of modality in IVoJ 53 4.2 Occurrence of modal verbs in IVoJ 54 4.3 Occurrence of modal adjuncts in IVoJ 58 4.4 Occurrence of Unmarked and Marked Themes in 61 IVoJ 4.5 Occurrence of Interpersonal and Textual Themes in IVoJ 64 65 ‘s something that you there Maybe used to to turn to Interpersonal Theme Unmarked Topical Theme Rheme It can be seen that most of the interpersonal themes in the data are finite This result is quite consistent with the number of interrogative mood that was analyzed in mood system These themes of finite can help the speaker remain the contact with the viewers In addition, there is no vocative as interpersonal theme utilized in the data As shown in Table 4.5, Textual theme is employed with the second highest rate in IVoJ, with 30.3% Textual theme is used with a linking function, connecting the clause to its surroundings in a text Textual themes include four main types: Structural conjunctions, Relatives, Conjunctives and Continuatives Textual theme almost always constitutes the first part of the Theme To assist readers to have a more obvious view on Textual theme, these examples will serve that V2.C17: But the man seemed to enjoy the cookies so much But the man seemed to enjoy the cookies so much Textual theme Unmarked Topical Theme Rheme V5.C68: And you didn’t figure that all out in one month And you didn’t figure that all out in one month Textual Theme Unmarked Topical Theme Rheme 66 V10.C20: then you need to find a new path then you need to find a new path Textual Theme Unmarked Topical Theme Rheme V15.C10: so you can afford to live in it so you can afford to live in it Textual Theme Unmarked Topical Theme Rheme V22.C45: Well, I was reading a study where Helen Fisher talks about how romatic rejection stimulates the part of the brain that’s associated with motivation, reward, addiction, and cravings Well, I was reading a study where Helen Fisher talks about how romatic rejection stimulates the part of the brain that’s associated with motivation, reward, addiction, and cravings Textual Unmarked Topical Rheme Theme Theme In some cases, there is a combination between many types of themes For instances: V11.C55: or is my energy out of alignment? or is my energy Textual Theme Interpersonal Theme Unmarked Topical Theme V20.C40: but maybe we just never asked out of alignment? Rheme 67 but maybe we Textual Theme Interpersonal Theme Unmarked just never asked Rheme Topical Theme From what has been analyzed, a majority of Theme structures is simple Theme, containing only Topical Theme However, in some cases, multiTheme also occurs In terms of Topical Theme, it is clear that Unmarked Topical Themes appearing in IVoJ occupy the great number, which is much higher than the number of Marked Topical Theme Therefore, most clauses in the videos are formed with the normal structure The use of Textual Themes serves to make coherence and cohesion in the videos Thanks to the occurrence of Textual Themes, it is easier for viewers to follow the stories In addition, Interpersonal Themes are the least used in IVoJ, which indicates that there are few questions found in the videos because Jay Shetty is favour of focusing on giving information about the discussed issues In short, this chapter has completed the analysis of three metafunctions of the language used in the data The prevalence of relational process and material process means that the language in the videos is mostly used to depict a picture of relationship of entities and of an outer world The dominance of declarative mood over other moods with few modality elements shows that the speaker aims to use language to give information with little emphasis on viewpoint or attitude and to contact with the viewers As for the textual metafunction, it is clear that language in the videos functions to emphasize the focus of the information at theme position The coherence of the messages is also guaranteed by textual themes 68 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This chapter presents the summary about the specific results of the study Besides, there are some implications for further researches on this field suggested Finally, some limitations of the thesis are also discussed 5.1 Conclusions This thesis is carried out to find out and discuss the three metafunctions including experiential metafunction, interpersonal metafunction and textual metafunction in IVoJ The study is based on in the light of Systemic Functional Grammar developed by Halliday (1994) The framework of Halliday & Matthiessen (2004) is considered as the foundation to analyze three metafunctions in this study From the preceding investigation, the writer comes to the final conclusions as follows In terms of Experiential metafunction, after the analysis of transitivity system in the data, it is evident that all six types of processes are employed in Jay Shetty’s inspiration stories videos Relational process is the most overwhelming process used in the videos, aiming to provide facts or definitions of mentioned matters as well as to express the relationship between the entities Besides relational process, the popularity of material processes in the videos ranks the second The actions of the characters and the events in outside world are described in details in the stories Among the nine types of Circumstances found in IVoJ, Circumstances of Location are the most dominant ones, which serve to offer information about the time and place In relation to Interpersonal metafunction, it is easy to realize that declarative mood is much more frequently utilized than interrogative mood and imperative mood in IVoJ This proves that the major purpose of Jay Shetty’s videos is to provide more information related to the topics for the viewers 69 Besides, the modality sytem is also applied to express the viewpoint or attitude of the speaker by using various modal verbs and modal adjuncts in IVoJ It serves to express the speaker’s judgment, feelings and viewpoints when he discusses a topic in each video In IVoJ, the low value group of Modal verbs and the Mood adjuncts of usuality account for the high proportions, which shows that Jay Shetty slightly expresses his opinions with the low certainty or the frequency of activities happening in the stories The last metafunction investigated in this thesis is Textual metafunction which is represented through Thematic structure There are three kinds of Themes which convey the content in Jay Shetty’s videos, including Topical Themes, Interpersonal Themes and Textual Themes Regarding Topical Themes, the occurrence of Unmarked Topical Themes makes up a much higher rate than Marked Topical Themes in 25 videos under investigation This illustrates that the speaker mostly provides sufficient information with a full insight about each topic discussed for the watchers In addition, the use of Interpersonal Themes and Textual Themes is considered as an important part in connecting between the clauses, and creating the coherence and cohesiveness of the videos 5.2 Implications From this investigation, the writer hopes to give many helpful, valuable and insightful messages to the viewers and people concerning Jay Shetty’s videos From the detailed analysis of each metafunction under the light of functional grammar, it is expected that this study can help investigators, learners of English and those who concern grasp more knowledge about the linguistic features of language used in Jay Shetty’s inspiration stories videos The researchers can have one more material which assists their further research 70 related to this field Moreover, this study would be considered a useful reference for learners of English, especially in linguistics, to enhance presenting skills by noticing the characteristics that the speaker uses in the videos 5.3 Limitations and suggestions for further researches Since functional grammar is a broad field, the thesis just focuses on three metafunctions in Jay Shetty’s inspiration stories videos This is probably not helpful so much for learners who want to know about linguistic characteristics in Vietnamese and they not have a comparison between English and Vietnamese videos In addition, the sample collection is just 25 videos As a result, this study cannot generalize all linguistic features of an inspiring video For further researches, researchers can make a comparison in terms of three metafunctions between English and Vietnamese in inspiration stories videos In addition, researchers may study each type of metafunctions separately in both English and Vietnamese inspiration stories videos so that the study is deeper and more elaborate 71 REFERENCES ENGLISH Arunsirot, S (2013) An Analysis of Textual Metafunction in Thai EFL Students' Writing Research on Youth and Language, 7(2), 160-174 Bell, A (1991) The language of news media Oxford: Blackwell Bloor, T., & Bloor, M (1995) The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan Approach London: Arnold Bloor, T., & Bloor, M (2004) The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan Approach (2nd ed) London: Arnold Dash, S (2018) Uncovering the Wisdom Behind the Viral Phenomena That is Jay Shetty Entrepreneur India Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.com/ Eggins, S (1994) An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics London: Pinter Publisher Eggins, S (2004) An Introduction to Systematic Functional Linguistics London: Continuum Ejiogu, A C (2018) Top 25 Most Inspiring Jay Shetty Quotes to Encourage You to Succeed THE SUCCESS ELITE Retrieved from https://thesuccesselite.com/ Fahlevi, R (2015) An Analysis of Metafunction and Context of Situation in Martin Luther King's Speech 'I have a dream' University of Sumatera Utara Fairclough, N (1995) Critical discourse analysis London: Longman Fairclough, N ( 2001) Language and power (2nd ed) London and New York: Longman Firmansyah, E (2019) Interpersonal Analysis of Donald Trump's Emotional Language Jurnal Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra, (1) Halliday, M A K (1985) An Introduction to Functional Grammar (1st ed.) 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Oxon: Routledge Ton, N M N (2005) A discourse analysis of travel advertisement in English and Vietnamese (Unpublished Ph.D Thesis), Vietnam National University, Ha Noi Winarsih, D (2013) Students' Mastery of Systemic Functional Grammar and Its Classroom Implementation: A Naturalistic Study at English Department of Tidar University Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 14(2), 101-113 VIETNAMESE Nguyễn Thị Thu Hiền (2016) Cấu trúc Đề - Thuyết phân tích diễn ngơn, Hà Nội: Nxb Lao động – Xã hội i APPENDICES APPENDIX A DATA: LIST OF 25 INSPIRATION STORIES VIDEOS OF JAY SHETTY Video Title Build a life, not a resume Length 04.35 Year 2016 Before you judge someone 03:06 2018 Be someone who makes you happy This isn’t love 04:40 2017 03:20 2019 If you fall in love too fast A person in two months can make you feel what a person in two years couldn’t If you’re burnt out 04:32 2020 03:13 2020 03:44 2020 Why you should change your alarm sound now Why compatibility is more important than chemistry If you feel lost 04:30 2020 05:00 2020 03:33 2020 11 If you’re lacking focus 03:18 2020 12 If you’re feeling drained 03:46 2019 10 Source https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=fQNFMxYxFSQ &t=155s https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=n5E8gyDPs70&t= 31s https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=FiPoBO6mQ2o https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=BrQYqomMeGs https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=-lfFI3F1y14 https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=zOIRzzzx9Bo https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Y8_utwUorHY https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=quXI3xvvOc&t=89s https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=dvlR2I54Y7g&t= 217s https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=aaqRS3pwMOs&t =60s https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=hxK_gracM3U&t =139s https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=PTY66FYJjs&t=141s ii 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 When life puts you down The shocking truth about loneliness Find your passion 03:30 2019 03:14 2019 05:00 2018 The most powerful advice on self-growth You can’t love someone you don’t know If you think the world is against you Are you a leaf, branch, or root? Before you lose someone Before you scroll down 03:27 2020 03:01 2019 04:08 2020 03:14 2018 04:47 2020 04:19 2018 If you’re begging to be in love The most powerful advice for work Focus your mind 03:35 2019 03:04 2019 03:03 2018 healthy ways to be alone after heartbreak 03:13 2018 https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=NCaJMImrlAU https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=g9i2V3RrXVo https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=tDx4rxXJNYE https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=8GMoJf6lg_E&t= 8s https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=pv5ncpD5wMc&t =86s https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=HZY9WcghcWA &t=3s https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=bosbLtiWqcE https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=KPINY0DLB5E https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ReyEU06e5PU&t =147s https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=maq2W5zpRig https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=y7yOy1CMFgU https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=nG-IfHJUnuo https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ybTj2QTRfIA iii APPENDIX B SAMPLE ANALYSIS Clause division in Video 23 THE MOST POWERFUL ADVICE FOR WORK (VIDEO 23) [1] People don’t leave a company, [2] they leaves their bosses [3] What’s the biggest source of stress at work? [4] The crazy thing is, [5] there is no reality apart from the one you’re creating right now [6] There is only the reality you make on a daily basis [7] Henry Ford said it best: “[8] Whether you think you can or you can’t, [9] you’re right.” [10] And we all know this [11] there will always be the doubters and the haters, [12] but you either improve [13] or you prove them right [14] The choice is yours [15] Our negative lens blocks us from our potential [16] It blocks us from trying something new [17] It blocks us from believing that [18] there are new opportunities out there for each and every one of us [19] It’s as simple as saying , “[20] I am changing the way I think.” “[21] I am not letting doubt, fear, and anxiety fool me into believing they are my friends and protecting me [22] when they are actually prisoning me.” [23] Sometimes we’re so close, so close to the other side, so close to a new start, so close to a new opportunity, [24] and we give up, [25] we step away, [26] we let it go, [27] when we were just a few steps away [28] People don’t quit jobs, [29] they quit bosses [30] If you want to say your talent, [31] that start by working with your leaders [32] When people feel valued, [33] the company naturally becomes more valuable [34] because you have people who are motivated, driven, and purposefully there [35] And if you’re a manager or a boss [36] and you’re dealing with high levels of stress because of your managers and bosses, [37] I know [38] how that feels [39] But recognize that [40] we have to cut the pattern [41] The real test of a truly authentic organization is [42] how they treat the newest people in the company as well as the oldest, not just those that are the top performers, but those that are giving their time and energy [43] And remember, [44] it’s not your manager’s job to manage your potential health: [45] that’s yours iv Frequency of Occurrence of processes Clause Process 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Material Material Relational Relational Existential Existential Verbal Mental Relational Mental Existential Material Material Relational Material Material Material Embedded clause Location (place) + + Location (time) Extent (time) Extent (time) Location (place) Cause (purpose) Existential Relational Material Material Relational Relational Material Material Material Relational Material Material Mental Relational Mental Relational Relational Relational Material Circumstance + Extent (time) Accompaniment + Manner (quality) Location (place) Accompaniment v Cause (purpose) 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Mental Mental Mental Material Relational Material + Location (place) Accompaniment Mental Relational Relational Frequency of Occurrence of Mood and Modality Clause 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Mood choice Declarative Declarative Interrogative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Modal verbs Modal Adjunct (Mood adjunct) MV (low) MV (median) MA (usualtiy/ high) CA (speech-functional) MA (usuality/ low) vi 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Declarative Imperative Declarative Declarative Declarative Imperative Declarative Declarative CA (propositional) MV (high) CA (speech-functional) Frequency of Occurrence of Themes Clause Textual THEME Interpersonal Marked Topical INTER T.E 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 T.E T.E T.E Unmarked Topical U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M vii 19 20 U.M U.M U.M U.M 21 22 23 T.E 24 T.E M.A 25 26 27 T.E 28 29 30 T.E 31 32 33 T.E 34 35 T.E T.E T.E 36 37 38 39 INTER T.E 40 41 42 43 44 45 INTER T.E U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M U.M ...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY NGUYỄN THỊ THANH HIỀN AN INVESTIGATION INTO THREE METAFUNCTIONS IN INSPIRATION STORIES VIDEOS OF JAY SHETTY Field: English Linguistics... detailed analysis: ? ?An investigation into three metafunctions in Inspiration Stories Videos of Jay Shetty. ” 1.2 Aim and Objectives 1.2.1 Aim of the Study The thesis is carried out with the aim of investigating... STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that this thesis with the title ? ?An Investigation into Three Metafunctions in Inspiration Stories Videos of Jay Shetty? ?? is entirely my own original work In addition,