The participation of local communities in ecotourism activities in tam dao national park

TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS i ACRONYMS iii LIST OF TABLE iv LIST OF FIGURE v ACKNOWLEDGMENT vi ABSTRACT CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH 2.1 Definition of Ecotourism 2.2 Current situation of ecotourism development in Vietnam 2.2.1 The development of ecotourism in Vietnam 2.2.2 The limitations in the development of ecotourism in Vietnam: 2.3.3 The role of the community in ecotourism activities CHAPTER III GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 12 3.1 Goal 12 3.2 Objectives 12 CHAPTER IV METHODOLOGIES 13 4.1 Study area: 13 4.1.1 Natural condition 13 4.1.2 Natural resources 15 4.1.2 Economic - Social conditions 18 4.2 Methods 20 4.2.1 Second data Methods 20 4.2.2 Survey Method 20 4.2.3 Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) 21 4.3 Process of research 22 4.3.1 Questionnaires 22 i 4.3.2 Interview 22 4.3.4 Direct observation 23 4.3.5 Analysis method 23 CHAPTER V: RESEARCH RESULTS 24 5.1 Overview of respondents 24 5.2 Current situation of ecotourism in Tam Dao National Park 25 5.2.1 Visitors 25 5.2.3 Infrastructures 27 5.4 The current situation the participation of local communities in ecotourism 29 5.4.1 Local participation in the planning process of ecotourism in Tam Dao National Park 29 5.4.2 The participation of local communities in ecotourism activities 30 5.4.3 The benefit of ecotourism to local communities 32 5.4.4 Local peoples' desires: 33 5.4.5 The attitudes of local communities the impact of eco-tourism 34 5.5 Factors limiting the participation of local communities in eco-tourism 39 5.6 Solutions for increasing the participation of local people in eco-tourism activities in Tam Dao National Park 40 5.6.1 Economic solution 40 5.6.2 Education - training solutions 40 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION 43 CHAPTER VII RECOMMENDATION 44 REFERENCES APPENDICES ii ACRONYMS Tam Dao National Park TDNP National Park NP Nature reserve NR Participatory Rural Appraisal PRA Rapid Rural Appraisal RRA iii LIST OF TABLE Table The number of tourists to Vietnam in the period of eight years Table The flora composition in Tam Dao 16 Table The fauna composition in Tam Dao 16 Table The Poverty of the region in Tam Dao National Park in 2006 19 Table The age categories in field survey 24 Table Current of tourist visiting Tam Dao National Park 26 Table The reasons for the establishment of the Tam Dao National Park 29 Table Survey results of local people on the time of establishment and the time of tourism activities in Tam Dao National Park 30 Table 5 The ratio of the types of people's relations with tourists 32 Table 5.6: Survey results of community attitudes and attitudes towards tourism impact on the region 37 Table 5.7 The Average score 38 iv LIST OF FIGURE Figure Map of Tam Dao National Park 13 Figure The distribution of responders by age groups 25 Figure Tourist structures to Tam Dao National Park by months in 2018 26 Figure The participation of local communities in tourism activities 31 Figure 5.4 Benefits of tourism activities in Tam Dao National Park to local communities 33 v ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, I am grateful to teachers of Vietnam National Forestry University for supporting us to complete this research I am deeply indebted to our supervisor Dr Ngo Duy Bach who always supported us and gave motives and suggested valuable ideas to help us to accomplish this thesis I would like to acknowledge all the members of the Experiments and Practicing Center of Forest Resource and Environment Management Faculty for facilitating necessary equipment and providing us documents I take this opportunity to record our sincere thanks to all the members of the Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management for their help and encouragement Thank Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc province management and local people for helping us during our researching time Tam Dao Town, Vinh Phuc province Hanoi, September …th, 2019 Hoang Xuan Khoa vi ABSTRACT This study aimed at researching the community participation in ecotourism at Tam Dao National Park in Tam Dao town, Vinh Phuc Province A qualitative exploratory study was conducted in visitors and the local communities interview questionnaire survey The findings showed that: (1) Community participated as responses to call to action and got paid for their participation They gave ideas for development planning, but the National Park Management Board reserved the right to make decisions (2) Four variables related to community participation included age, culture exchange, literacy, and residence period (3) Local residents held positive attitudes towards tourism because of benefits is created by tourism It was the participants who had more positive attitudes and understandings than nonparticipants This is the basis for proposing some solutions towards sustainable tourism development at Tam Dao National Park Keywords: eco-tourism, community, Tam Dao National Park, tourism development CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In recent years, tourism has become an economic pillar for a large number of developing economies and Vietnam is no exception (Duy, 2014) Especially, Vietnam is a country where has many National Park (NPs) and attractive natural landscapes are attraction domestic and foreign tourists Besides, the abundance of nature and the diversity of the ecosystem is a potential and favorable factor for developing many types of tourism, especially ecotourism Ecotourism is a form of tourism widely considered as an opportunity for local people to derive positive socio-economic benefits from tourism development whilst conserving forests (Ishmael Mensah, Adofo Ernest, 2013) The local community contributes their knowledge, experience, lifestyle, nature protection and participation in tourism Therefore, the local community participation (LCP) is considered an important factor in sustainable tourism development, particularly in ecotourism (Hanh, 2016) Tam Dao National Park was established on the 24th of January 1997 in accordance with Prime Minister Decision No.41TTg (MARD 1997) is located in the area of 23 communes of districts (Tam Đao, Vinh Phuc, Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen) and Tam Dao Township There are an estimated 1.282 different species of flora with numerous beautiful flowers including species such as Dendrobium daoensis and Dendrobium longicornu that has a nice and lissom trunk and species in the family of Theaceae such as Camellia sp., Rhododendron sp and the 307 species fauna Otherwise, the attractive famous cultural and historical resources attract thousands of domestic and foreign tourists to visit here (Bo, 2010) Having available resources for developing ecotourism but the standard of local communities lived in National Park has not high and affects their livelihood Since the establishment of a national park located in the buffer zone, there is limited hunting and exploitation of forest resources In order to compensate for these disadvantages, many police and project for targeting improve the quality of life people have been implicated, but it not efficiency for local communities based on conservation objectives Even national park is developing tourism projects that bring benefit to local people, the projects are not large and still does not support much in the development of the local community economy Community involvement in the development of ecotourism is a very important factor But the fact that the participation of people in ecotourism activities of limited and passive, spontaneous Studies on local communities’ participation in ecotourism are quite popular, but there are still many issues to be further discussed by the dominant factors to community participation In order to consider the role, current situation and the factors limiting the participation of local communities in sustainable ecotourism development Tam Dao National Park, based on which proposed solutions to improve these communities' participation in sustainable tourism development and community sustainable development Therefore, studying “The Participation of Local Communities in Ecotourism Activities in Tam Dao National Park” is necessary CHAPTER II OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH 2.1 Definition of Ecotourism Ecotourism is changing and has become popular for people who love nature, it stems from the concern about the environment, economy, and society - one of the challenges in order to pay debts to the environment fuel and increasing the value of the NR remaining Ecotourism is a relatively new concept and is rapidly attracting the attention of many people working in many different fields This is a broad concept is understood in different ways from different angles For some people, ecotourism is simply "ecology" and "tourism" Thus, with this approach, all activities of tourism-related to nature such as swimming, hiking be construed as ecotourism Ecotourism is based on natural landscapes and outdoor tourism activities Some perspectives are the type of ecotourism benefiting the ecological system, less negative impact on the existence and development of the ecosystem, the site of the tourist activities Other reviews also said that green tourism, tourism for the environment like ecotourism Ecotourism is a type of tourism to create a harmonious relationship between humans with nature, promoting a sense of human responsibility for environmental protection The development of ecotourism is becoming the trend of sustainable development of tourism in our country in particular and the world in general In addition to the concepts and definitions that have some broader definition of the content of ecotourism: “Ecotourism is a type of tourism taking particular ecosystems, naturally object to cater for guests who love nature, excursions, enjoy the scenery or the study of ecosystems It is also combined form tight, harmonious economic development of tourism with the introduction to the beauty of the country as well as educational outreach and protection and development of the environment and natural resources in a sustainable " (Le Huy Ba, 2000) Table 5.6: Survey results of community attitudes and attitudes towards tourism impact on the region Factors affecting Tam Dao NP Very Bad Bad Not Affected Good Very Good Not Know (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Economic factors Employment / income Purchase Social factors Traffic Electricity / water Security medical customs Environmental factors Scenic Lake Trash The exploitation of forest resources pollution 10 20 3 50 10 30 30 20 20 10 70 67 20 20 13 10 45 40 67 45 60 32 50 20 17 10 10 10 10 30 40 10 40 40 50 20 30 30 10 10 10 10 Of the environmental factors, the scenery is considered to be the most improved with 50% The protection and development of ecotourism resources in national parks and tourist sites depend on many factors However, for ecotourism development is increasingly developed, conservation and preservation of ecotourism resources need to be improved In fact, ecotourism activities in the national park have not taken place so long, so the impact of ecotourism on the landscape of national park resources in general and ecotourism resources, in particular, is unclear Other factors, such as exploitation of forest resources, pollution of polluted opinions, are not accurate, the answers not affect or not know the large percentage and the majority in the garden nation Answers about other influences such as child psychology, facilities are almost nonexistent 37 To clarify the impact of ecotourism on each factor, Likert's point average is used By this calculation the scale is divided by -5 to +5 with: very bad is -5, bad is -2.5, very good +5, good is +2.5; The answer is not counted as points Unknown answers are not scored and not recorded Answers are scored as answers are recorded The results are shown in Table 5.6 Table 5.7 The Average score Factors Tam Dao Medium score Answer rate is calculated (%) Employment/income +2.75 100.0 Purchase +2.8 93.0 Traffic +3.68 95 Electricity/water +1.83 97.0 Security +1.8 90.0 Medical +2.53 90.0 Customs +1.36 90.0 Scenic +1.11 90.0 Lake -0.28 90.0 Trash -3.29 95.0 Exploitation +0.28 90.0 Pollution +0.28 90.0 Average +1.24 Note + positive impact - negative impact Based on the average score of each factor, it can be said that the impact of ecotourism on the local community's assessment on that factor is significant The greater the average for each factor, the higher the impact of ecotourism on that factor and vice versa If the average score is negative, it indicates that the impact is negative, negatively affecting the local community 38 In Table 5.6, most of the impacts of ecotourism on local communities are positive It can be seen that the average score for ecotourism impacts on the park factors is not the same However, the impact of travel on employment and income factors is quite high at +2.75 and above the traffic factor of +3.68 is one of the factors that are highly valued Next to that is the water and electricity factor +1.83, trade +2.8 Factors considered to be negatively affected by tourism activities are waste, ponds, and lakes Exploitation and pollution factors are considered unaffected From here it can be seen that ecotourism is having an unpredictable impact that local communities have not realized This proves that the local community really expects tourism in the region will bring them great benefits, which really affect the local economic and social life 5.5 Factors limiting the participation of local communities in eco-tourism Despite the great potential, ecotourism in Tam Dao National Park is at the beginning of the development Tourism that is spontaneous has no investment in advertising and researching market and technology Ecotourism training has not been concerned to develop Environmental education and interpretation that distinguish ecotourism with other tourism types have not been carried out due to the limited knowledge in this field Natural trails don’t have enough way signs Some national parks have tourism guidebooks and brochures with poor content Signs made of steel or plastic cover are easily destroyed by the weather Most tour guides not aware that environmental interpretation is their most important task Besides, local communities around the NP are communities that rely heavily on natural resources Established national parks have created certain difficulties for these communities When asked about the factors that prevent the community from participating in ecotourism activities in the NP, the main reasons are as follows: 39  Lack of investment  No chance  Lack of ability, skills in tourism activities  Limit of awareness  The subjectivity of managers, decision-making 5.6 Solutions for increasing the participation of local people in eco-tourism activities in Tam Dao National Park 5.6.1 Economic solution Economic solutions include the following:  Transfer of appropriate technologies on forestry, agriculture, agro-forestry to people  Researching and developing traditional handicrafts or crafting products for tourism Specifically, it is necessary to research and develop more vases, rattan, bamboo and apricot products, pet breeding (birds, guinea pigs, ), ornamental plants (orchids, flowers ) Thus, the economic solution is an effective solution to improve the life of the buffer zone community, helping them to have the capital for other production activities In addition, when life is improved, negative habits/lifestyles are also removed, and the awareness and skills involved in tourism are also improved due to their ability to learn, expand knowledge Besides, economic solutions are also an effective tool to conserve natural resources in general, tourism resources in particular because people not have to rely on these resources 5.6.2 Education - training solutions This is an essential solution in improving community participation This solution should be applied to many different types of people including people in the buffer zone, leadership levels, tourists and the general public 40 5.6.2.1 Activities for the community  Sending members of the community to participate in training courses to improve tourism skills, train tourism guides Although the training of tourist guides should be conducted on a regular basis in tourism universities, colleges, and intermediate schools, if the people not have enough conditions to participate in formal training, tourism operators should organize them Short-term training for them locally  Raise people's awareness about sustainable tourism, about their ability to participate in tourism activities People need to know, what they should and should be involved in  Raise awareness of people in the buffer zone about nature conservation and environmental protection This activity is being carried out vigorously in many national parks such as Cat Ba, Ba Be, Cuc Phuong, Bach Ma, Yokdon, Cat Tien, Con Dao with many easy to understand and remember forms such as slide show, screenings, pictures, posters, cultural performances But in Tam Dao National Park, this activity has not been focused on, if any, it is only the conversations of forest rangers with the community in collective meetings Experiences from other national parks need to be learned in the field of raising public awareness about nature conservation and environmental protection  Regularly provide information to the community about the current state of the environment and the possible impacts due to investors seeking investment opportunities but lacking attention to sensitive local issues Note: - Local community education activities should first focus on the key subjects of local leaders, reputable people in the community such as the elderly, the educated teachers, heads of mass organizations such as Youth Union, Women's Union, Farmer's Union If it is possible to propagate to these subjects, the education for the whole community will become much easier 41 5.6.2.2 For travelers Educational activities for tourists should be conducted regularly at tourist sites, travel agents, reception places, etc Encourage tourists to use services and buy souvenirs as local products, not buy souvenirs that are harmful to natural resources such as ornamental plants, wild animals, wild animals If the tourism model is sustainable, which means it is environmentally friendly, beneficial to the local community and contributes to nature conservation, but the tourist is not sustainable tourism type, the sustainable tourism model will not be effective The participation of the buffer zone community in tourism activities, as well as the development of sustainable tourism, cannot be enhanced if tourists still want to eat bush meat, buy souvenirs of illegal forest products in the forest, denying local services Therefore, educating visitors is a very important thing not to be missed 5.6.2.3 For local people Planning and organization solutions affecting habits/lifestyles and living conditions of local people This solution also affects the decision-making mechanism affecting community participation in tourism Activities include:  Reorganize the current participation of local communities in tourism activities, avoiding the current spontaneous and unplanned status quo  Make specific plans for community participation in tourism activities in Tam Dao National Park 42 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION From the research results of the participation of local communities in ecotourism activities in Tam Dao National Park, the topic came to the following conclusions: Currently, the participation of the local community in Tam Dao National Park in tourism activities has been focused on investment and made significant changes However, some departments still lack the awareness to participate in more demanding jobs such as: participating in the management and administration of tourism activities and participating in the tourism planning process Factors limiting community participation in tourism activities include awareness, skills, capital, opportunities for participation, living conditions, habits/lifestyles, and decisionmakers' views specified The vast majority of people in the buffer zone want are able and willing to participate in tourism activities The full participation of people in sustainable tourism activities in Tam Dao National Park includes: participating in the planning process, directly participating in tourism activities, contributing to preserving and promoting cultural identities traditionally, participating in environmental protection Solutions to enhance the participation of buffer zone communities in sustainable tourism activities in Tam Dao National Park include economic solutions, education - training solutions, planning - organizing solutions and solutions institutions - policies 43 CHAPTER VII RECOMMENDATION From the analysis and conclusions about the participation of local communities in Tam Dao National Park, some recommendations are made as follows: What people in the buffer zone, especially Tam Dao town, need most now is to improve the quality of life? Therefore, among the above feasible solutions, economic solutions need to be paid the most attention Propaganda to mobilize people to participate in environmental protection, nature conservation, change of negative habits/lifestyles that are harmful to the environment should be carried out regularly and permanently There is a need to continue studying tourism potential in the area to have a plan to involve the buffer zone community in tourism activities so that tourism activities in the region are truly sustainable 44 REFERENCES Anon (1991) Tam Dao: Czechoslovak-Vietnamese expeditions Ceske Budejovice Institute of Entomology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Bo, P V (2010) Hien trang va tiem nang du lich sinh thai va giao duc moi truongg Vuon Quoc Gia Tam Dao Hanoi: 2010 Boo, E (1991) Ecotourism and Resources Conservation vol USA: World Widefide Fund Ceballos-Lascurain H., (1997) Tourism, eco-tourism and protected areas in Kusler, (ed) Eco-tourism and Resource Conservation Vol E-cotourism and resource conservation project Deng, J Y., King, B., & Bauer, T ((2002).) Evaluating natural attractions for tourism Duy, T V (2014) Sustainable tourism management in protected area-case study in Cuc Phuong National Park Xuan Mai, Ha noi: 2014 Hanh, N T (2016) The participation of local people in tourism development in mountainous area: a Case study in Sapa, Lao Cao province Hanoi: National Economics University Ishmael Mensah, Adofo Ernest (2013) Community Participation in Ecotourism: The Case of Bobiri Forest Reserve and Butterfly Sanctuary in the Ashanti Region of Ghana American Journal of Tourism Management: 2013 IUCN-SSC and CI-CABS (2003) Global amphibian assessment Gland: IUCN; and Washington DC: Conservation International 10 Pirojnik (n.d.) Tourism is an industry with a clear orientation of resources 11 Sally Sontheimer,Karel Callens,Bernd Seiffert (1999) PRA Tool Box Ethiopia: FAO 12 Tordoff, A W (2002) Directory of important bird areas in Vietnam: key sites for conservation Hanoi: BirdLife International in Indochina and the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources Websites: http://tamdaonp.com.vn/ https://vinhphuc.gov.vn/Pages/default.aspx http://www.vietnamtourism.gov.vn/ http://www.dulichvn.org.vn/ APPENDICES APENDIX I: QUESTIONARES PHIẾU ĐIỀU TRA (Phiếu điều tra cộng đồng dân địa phương) Nhằm thúc đẩy tham gia cộng đồng địa phương tham gia vào hoạt động du lịch vườn quốc gia nâng cao lợi ích kinh tế cho cộng đồng địa phương Xin Ơng/bà vui lịng điền vào phiếu điều tra sau: Xin Ông/bà cho biết hoạt động du lịch VQG năm nào? Ông/bà thấy khách du lịch đến nhiều nào? 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Quan hệ Ông/bà với khách du lịch:  Hầu khơng có quan hệ  Làm quen với vài người  Cho khách nghỉ nhà  Tiếp xúc trực tiếp với khách nơi làm việc  Kiếm tiền từ khách qua dịch vụ, buôn bán, sản xuất hàng hoá  Quan hệ khác (cụ thể ) Khách du lịch phải trả cho ngày đêm nghỉ nhà Ông/bà? Du khách có mua mặt hàng từ địa phương khơng? Có  Khơng  Nếu có mặt hàng gì: Ơng/bà nói giá mặt hàng khơng Ơng/bà hưởng lợi từ hoạt động du lịch vườn quốc gia:  Khơng lợi  Có việc làm/ tăng thu nhập  Tiếp xúc với nhiều người  Mở rộng hiểu biết  Cải thiện đường giao thơng/ cung cấp điện/ cơng trình cơng cộng  Lợi ích khác (cụ thể) Du lịch ảnh hưởng đến khu vực cộng đồng: (đánh dấu vào ô tương ứng) Yếu tố Rất xấu Xấu K0 ảnh Tốt hưởng Rất tốt Không biết Việc làm/ thu nhập Mua bán hàng hố, giá Giao thơng, lại Cung cấp điện Nước sinh hoạt An ninh/ tệ nạn xã hội Dịch vụ y Tế Lối sống/ Phong tục tập quán Thắng cảnh/tài nguyên du lịch 10 Nước suối, ao, hồ 11 Rác 12 Khai thác rừng (đi rừng, săn bắn) 13 Phá hoại gây ô nhiễm 14 Yếu tố khác (cụ thể) Ông/bà nghĩ khách du lịch:  Thân thiện, dễ tiếp xúc  Thô lỗ, vô ý thức  Ln tỏ khó chịu  Khơng quan tâm Những nhận xét khác Ơng/bà có muốn thêm nhiều khách du lịch đến vườn quốc gia hay khơng? Có  Khơng  Khơng quan tâm  Vì ? ………… 10 Ơng / bà có nhìn thấy dân địa phương khai thác sản phẩm sau Vườn quốc gia ? Cây lấy gỗ  Phong lan  Cây thuốc  Động vật  Củi  Mật ong  Những thứ khác (cụ thể) ……………………… Xin Ơng/bà vui lịng cung cấp thêm số thông tin cá nhân: Tên: Nam  Nữ  Tuổi: Trình độ văn hố: Nghề nghiệp: Xin cảm ơn hợp tác Ông/bà! PHIẾU ĐIỀU TRA (Phiếu điều tra khách du lịch) Bạn sống đâu? Bạn đến lần rồi? Bạn vào khu du lịch phương tiện gì? Xe máy Xe đạp   Đi  Ô tơ  Lệ phí vào cổng theo bạn Cao  Vừa phải  Thấp  Theo anh/chị lệ phí vào cổng nên (nghìn đồng): 3 5 8 10  15  Anh/chị có ý định/mua quà khu du lịch không? Không  Có  Nếu có: Anh/chị dự định mua q gì?: Hàng truyền thống  Quà lưu niệm  Cây cảnh  Động vật  Bạn nói giá vật khơng? Bạn có ăn thức ăn, theo bạn biết đặc biệt vùng không? Có  Khơng  Nếu khơng, sao? - Tơi  - Tôi không quan tâm đến chất lượng thức ăn  - Tơi khơng thích thức ăn địa phương  Anh/chị có thích địa điểm du lịch khơng? Rất thích  Thích  Bình thường  Anh/chị có thích lưu lại từ - ngày Vườn Quốc Gia có thêm tiện nghi phục vụ khơng? Rất  Có thể  Có thể khơng  Khơng biết  Cái khu du lịch hấp dẫn anh chị Tuyến du lịch  Nhà nghỉ  Ăn uống  Hàng hoá truyền thống  Phục vụ  10 Phương tiện hay dịch vụ bạn cho nâng cao chất lượng chuyến bạn Khu Picnic  Nhà hàng  Trung tâm đón khách  Bảng thơng tin  Đường mịn  Hướng dẫn viên  Tờ bướm  Đường bê tông  Các phương tiện khác (xin nêu cụ thể): 11 Nếu chúng tơi xây dựng phương tiện bạn có sẵn sàng trả lệ phí cao hay khơng? Sẵn lịng  Khơng biết  Khơng  12 Bạn ưa thích loại phương tiện nào? Chất lượng cao/đắt tiền  Chất lượng/giá trung bình  Cơ /khơng đắt  13 Anh/chị có định quay trở lại khơng? Có  Không  Không biết  14 Xin anh/chị cung cấp thêm số thông tin cá nhân: Tên: Nam  Nữ  Tuổi: Trình độ văn hố: Nghề nghiệp: Xin cảm ơn hợp tác quý khách! PHIẾU ĐIỀU TRA (Phiếu điều tra cán nhân viên hướng dẫn du lịch VQG) Để thu thập thông tin hoạt động du lịch diễn vườn quốc gia, xin Anh/chị vui lòng trả lời câu hỏi sau: Theo Anh/chị tháng khách du lịch đến nhiều nhất? 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vườn quốc gia có nhân viên trực tiếp tiếp xúc với khách du lịch? Mức độ đáp ứng cho nhu cầu du lịch Đáp ứng tốt  Khá  Trung bình  Khơng đủ đáp ứng   Khơng bảo vệ  Khơng thích hợp  Khả bảo vệ tài nguyên du lịch vườn quốc gia Bảo vệ tốt  Khá  Trung bình Giá vé vào khu du lịch theo anh/chị là: Cao  Vừa phải  Thấp  Phí trả cho hướng dẫn du lịch theo anh/chị là: Rất thích hợp  Thích hợp  Vừa phải  Anh/chị có biết việc trả lương cho anh chị lấy từ đâu? Không biết  Không rõ  Biết  Từ ngân sách nhà nước  Từ hoạt động du lịch  Theo anh/chị có nên trích phần trăm từ hoạt động du lịch để trả lương không? Rất nên  Nên  Không cần  Không biết  Xin Anh/chị cung cấp thêm số thông tin cá nhân: Họ Tên: Nam  Tuổi Nghề nghiệp Trình độ văn hoá Xin cảm ơn hợp tác Anh/chị! Nữ  SOME PHOTOS ... 5.4 The current situation the participation of local communities in ecotourism 5.4.1 Local participation in the planning process of ecotourism in Tam Dao National Park The participation of local. .. 5.4.1 Local participation in the planning process of ecotourism in Tam Dao National Park 29 5.4.2 The participation of local communities in ecotourism activities 30 5.4.3 The. .. defining the attitude and attitude of the community about the impact of ecotourism is an important factor in considering the involvement of local communities in the ecotourism activities of the