-cur-, -curr-, or -curs- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 -duc- or -duct- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 -fid- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 -ject- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 -mor- or -mort- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 -omni- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 -ped- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 -rupt- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 -secut- or -sequ- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 -string- or -strict- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 -tact-, -tang-, -tig-, or -ting- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 -vict- or -vinc- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 -viv- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 -vor- or -vour- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Root Practice Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Noun Endings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Verb Endings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Adjective Endings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Adverb Endings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Related Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Suffix Practice Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Combining Your Vocabulary Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Determining Meaning from Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Determining Meaning from Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Vocabulary Practice Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Locating Referents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Practice Reading Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Answers and Explanations to Practice Reading Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 WRITING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Practice Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Sample Essay Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 PART IV: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: PRACTICE TESTS PRACTICE TEST 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 CD A, Track 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 CD A, Track 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 CD A, Track 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 CD A, Track 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 CD A, Track 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 PRACTICE TEST 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 CD A, Track 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 x CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 CD A, Track 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 CD A, Track 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 CD A, Track 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 PRACTICE TEST 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 CD A, Track 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 CD A, Track 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 CD A, Track 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 CD A, Track 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 CD A, Track 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 PRACTICE TEST 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 CD B, Track 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 CD B, Track 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 CD B, Track 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 CD B, Track 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 CD B, Track 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 PRACTICE TEST 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 CD B, Track 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 CD B, Track 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 CD B, Track 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 CD B, Track 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 CD B, Track 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 PRACTICE TEST 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 CD B, Track 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 CD B, Track 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 CD B, Track 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 CD B, Track 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 xi Table of Contents For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Practice Test 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Practice Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Practice Test 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Practice Test 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Practice Test 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Reading Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Practice Test 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Listening Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Structure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 Reading Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Writing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 SCORING PRACTICE TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Practice Test 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Scoring Your Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Total Practice Test 1 Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Practice Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Scoring Your Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Total Practice Test 2 Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Practice Test 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Scoring Your Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Total Practice Test 3 Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Practice Test 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Scoring Your Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Total Practice Test 4 Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 xii CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Practice Test 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Scoring Your Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Total Practice Test 5 Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Practice Test 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Scoring Your Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Total Practice Test 6 Score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Appendix: ON THE CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Practice Listening Exercise (Part III, “Listening Se ction”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 CD A, Track 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Practice Test I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 CD A, Track 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 CD A, Track 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 CD A, Track 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 CD A, Track 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 CD A, Track 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Practice Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 CD A, Track 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 CD A, Track 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 CD A, Track 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 CD A, Track 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Practice Test 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 CD A, Track 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 CD A, Track 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 CD A, Track 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 CD A, Track 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 CD A, Track 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Practice Test 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 CD B, Track 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 CD B, Track 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 CD B, Track 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 CD B, Track 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 CD B, Track 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Practice Test 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 CD B, Track 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 CD B, Track 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 CD B, Track 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 CD B, Track 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 CD B, Track 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Practice Test 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 CD B, Track 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 CD B, Track 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 CD B, Track 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 CD B, Track 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 xiii Table of Contents For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org Preface Your TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) scores are important in de- termining whether you are ready to study in a U.S. or Canadian college or univer- sity. Thorough preparation leads to better scores, so you need to make the most of your available study time. This guide is the most complete, precise, and accurate of all study products available. In keeping with the fine tradition of CliffsNotes, this guide was prepared for you by an expert in the field of teaching English as a Second Language (ESL). The strategies, techniques, and materials presented in this book have been tested over many years. This book is written specifically as a preparation text for the TOEFL Computer- Based Test (CBT), and the question types are based on the CBT format of the TOEFL test. Part I of this book gives you basic information about the TOEFL test, as well as a successful overall approach to taking the test. Part II includes complete analyses of each part of the test, including question types, test-taking techniques and strategies, and a patterned plan of attack for each question type. Part III gives you more detailed information and practice items for each of the sections of the test, including a detailed review of item types, items tested, prob- lem areas, and sample TOEFL test questions. Part IV contains six full-length practice tests, very similar in content and difficulty to the actual TOEFL test, as well as answer keys and scoring sheets for the prac- tice tests. The Appendix contains scripts of listening comprehension passages you encounter in parts III and IV. This book also contains a detailed table of contents so you can easily find the area of the text with the information you need. Remember: Allow yourself as much time as possible to prepare for the TOEFL test. The more time you have, the better. While this book is a great tool for learn- ing English, you will learn the language more completely by reading, listening, watching television and movies, writing, and surrounding yourself with as much English as you can. Good luck in your studies, your successful completion of the TOEFL test, and your future. xiv CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org How to Use This Book This preparation guide is ideal for either individual or classroom use. To the Student Study English slowly and methodically. American English speakers often use the verb “to cram” when describing their studies. “To cram” means to try to place something forcefully into something else. When American students talk about “cramming,” they mean that they study very quickly and try to put as much infor- mation as possible into their minds. Cramming is not the way to prepare for the TOEFL test. Learn English completely. Read books and magazines, watch televi- sion, watch movies, listen to conversations, and write. Do everything you can to obtain a good foundation in English. In addition to immersing yourself in English through these methods, use this book. Be sure to use it slowly and methodically; do not try to cram all the information I give you by reading the book cover to cover in a few days. Part I of this book provides general information about the TOEFL test. Part II gives you an analysis of the various sections on the exam. Part III provides more detailed information about how to succeed on the different sections of the test. Part IV con- tains practice tests and the answers and explanations for the questions they contain. This text is organized in the same order as the sections of the TOEFL test. The easi- est way to study is to follow the order of the book. However, you may choose to fo- cus on certain sections if you anticipate having particular trouble with them. For example, you may want to start with the sections on Listening if that is the area you struggle with the most. To use this book most effectively, follow these steps: 1. Determine the date on which you expect to take the TOEFL test. If your English is not very advanced, and you do not actually expect to pass the TOEFL test on the first try, do not cram. Do the best you can, and create a long-term study schedule that will allow you to feel completely prepared the second time you take the test. 2. Based on how many weeks you can devote to each section of the test, follow the schedule outlined in the following table. No matter how many weeks you have to study, try to read a newspaper or magazine each week, and spend time watching TV or going to a movie each week. xv How to Use This Book For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 4–6 W eeks 7–9 W eeks 10–1 3 Weeks 14–1 6 Weeks Week 1 Read Parts I Read Parts I and Read Parts I and II Read Parts I and II and II of this book II of this book of this book of this book Read Part III Read Part III Read Part III Read Part III through page 100 through page 88 through page 88 through page 88 Read Part III, Read Part III, Read Part III, Read Part III, “W riting” “W riting” “W riting” “W riting” Write one essay Buy or rent Buy or rent a book on tape a book on tape Take Practice Test 1 If possible, order TOEFL Sampler CD-ROM from ETS Week 2 Read Part III pages Read Part III pages Read Part III pages Read Part III pages 100 through 128 88 through 100 88 through 100 88 through 100 Take Practice Test 2 Take Practice Test 1 Take Practice Test 1 Take Practice Test 1 Call recorded Review Part III, Review Part III, Review Part III, messages on “W riting” “W riting” “W riting” the phone Write one essay Write one essay Write one essay Write one essay Continue listening Continue listening to book on tape to book on tape Week 3 Read Part III pages Read Part III pages Read Part III pages Read Part III pages 128 through 181 100 through 128 100 through 128 100 through 128 Take Practice Take Practice Write one essay Write one essay Tests 3 and 4 Test 2 Write one essay Write one essay Continue listening Continue listening to book on tape to book on tape (or get another) (or get another) Week 4 Read Part III pages Read Part III pages Read Part III pages Read Part III pages 181 through 206 128 through 152 128 through 152 128 through 152 Take Practice Take Practice Take Practice Take Practice Tests 5 and 6 Test 3 Test 2 Test 2 Write one essay Write one essay Write one essay Write one essay Continue listening Continue listening to book on tape to book on tape Week 5 Review Read Part III pages Read Part III pages Read Part III pages 153 through 170 153 through 170 153 through 170 Take Practice Test 4 Take Practice Test 3 Take Practice Test 3 Write one essay Write one essay Write one essay Week 6 Review Read Part III pages Read Part III pages Read Part III pages 170 through 187 170 through 187 170 through 187 Take Practice Take Practice Take Practice Test 5 Test 4 Test 4 Write one essay Write one essay Write one essay Continue listening Continue listening to book on tape to book on tape xvi CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 4–6 W eeks 7–9 W eeks 10–1 3 Weeks 14–1 6 Weeks Week 7 Read Part III pages Read Part III pages Read Part III pages 187 through 206 187 through 206 187 through 206 Take Practice Take Practice Take Practice Test 6 Test 5 Test 5 Write one essay Write one essay Write one essay Continue listening Continue listening to book on tape to book on tape If you purchased TOEFL Sampler from ETS, take practice test. Get a good book and read it. Week 8 Review Review Part III Review Part III pages 39 through 100 pages 39 through 88 Take Practice Test 6 Take Practice Test 6 Write one essay Write one essay Continue listening Continue listening to book on tape to book on tape Continue reading book Week 9 Review Review Part III Review Part III pages 100 through 128 pages 88 through 100 Review practice Review practice tests tests Write one essay Write one essay Continue listening Continue listening to book on tape to book on tape Continue reading book Week 10 Review Part III Review Part III pages 128 through 181 pages 100 through 128 Review practice tests Review practice tests Write one essay Write one essay Continue listening Continue listening to book on tape to book on tape Continue reading book Week 11 Review Part III Review Part III pages 181 through 206 pages 128 through 152 Review practice tests Review practice tests Write one essay Write one essay Continue listening Continue listening to book on tape to book on tape Continue reading book If you ordered materi- als from ETS, take the practice tests. xvii Preface For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 4–6 W eeks 7–9 W eeks 10–1 3 Weeks 14–1 6 Weeks Week 12 Review Review Part III pages 153 through 170 Review practice tests Write one essay Continue listening to book on tape Continue reading book If you ordered materi- als from ETS, take the practice tests. Week 13 Review Review Part III pages 170 through 187 Review practice tests Write one essay Continue listening to book on tape Continue reading book If you ordered materi- als from ETS, take the practice tests. Week 14 Review Part III pages 187 through 206 Review practice tests Write one essay Continue listening to book on tape Continue reading book If you ordered materi- als from ETS, take the practice tests. Weeks 15 Review and 16 Obviously, when I suggest that you read a newspaper or magazine, watch TV, or listen to a book on tape, I mean to do so in English. Each time I indicate to write one essay, I mean to use one of the sample topics provided in the “Writing” chapter in Part III of this book or one of the ETS sample essay top- ics printed in the Bulletin or listed on the Web Site. You can order a Bulletin by calling 609-771-7100 or download it from the Web site, www.toefl.org/ infobull.html. Write this essay in addition to writing the essays included in each practice test. xviii CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org 3. Have your essays graded by a writing teacher. If you don’t know a writing in- structor who can do this, you can use my Essay Grading Service. You can send an essay by mail along with a check or money order payable to TOEFL Preparation Course, LLC. The mailing address is TOEFL Preparation Course, LLC 1265 West Granada Blvd. Suite Ormond Beach, FL 32174 USA The fee for reviewing one essay is $20. If you submit more than one essay at one time, you may deduct $2 per additional essay submitted. (That is, the fee for two essays is $38, for three $56, and so on.) The discount is only applica- ble for essays submitted together, and it does not matter whether the essays are written by the same student or different students. If you provide an e-mail address, the scoring will be sent to you via e-mail. Visit my Web site, www.TOEFLCOURSE.com, for up-to-date instructions for submitting essays. To the Teacher This book is designed for use by students individually, so it is effective for study and practice even if no TOEFL course is available. It can also be used as a class- room textbook. To use it in the classroom, you can base your schedule on the pre- ceding table. You can grade students’ practice essays and provide them with prompt feedback, which will speed up their course of study. You can also adminis- ter each of the six practice tests in this book in order to simulate the actual TOEFL test experience. For additional resources to use in a TOEFL classroom, contact the Educational Testing Service by phone at 609-771-7100, by e-mail at toefl@ets.org, or via its Web site at www.ets.org. xix Preface For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org . Read Parts I Read Parts I and Read Parts I and II Read Parts I and II and II of this book II of this book of this book of this book Read Part III Read Part. through 20 6 128 through 1 52 128 through 1 52 128 through 1 52 Take Practice Take Practice Take Practice Take Practice Tests 5 and 6 Test 3 Test 2 Test 2 Write