Tài liệu Writing for toefl ibt book 3rd eidition part 13 doc

182 Writing for the TOEFL i8T Paragraph 4: Main idea ‘Teachers bring their own knowledge and understanding of the topic to the lesson Supporting details = Abook presents you with certain information, and the teacher can add more — The teacher might also have a different point of view from the book and can provide other sources of information and ideas, as well Fluency and Cohesion Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement Main ideas Supporting details ies Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety V CHECK FOR TRANSITION WORDS ‘This essay uses appropriate transition words However In short For example an the other hand ako though Shows contrast ‘Summarizes Clarifies a point Demonstrates difference Adds information Shows contrast Writing Skills Independent Task Revision Checklis CONTENT Thesis Statement Main ideas Supporting details ‘Transition words Sentence variety Vv CHECK FOR GRAMMAR AND SPELLING There are no grammar or spelling errors in this essay Revision Checklis CONTENT Thesis Statement Main ideas F ‘Transition words Grammar and aa wv CHECK FOR SENTENCE VARIETY This essay uses a variety of sentence structures 183 184 Writing for the TOEFL i8T ‘Complex sentence Paragraph Simple sentence Paragraph ‘Noun clause Paragraph ‘Compound sentence | Paragraph “Teachers help you find the way that you learn best | Teaches can help students learn in the way that is best for each student, because teachers understand that different people have different learning styles ‘Others learn more by writing about it Teachers help you focus on what you are learning ‘A book presents you with certain information, and the teacher can add more Essay Topic 22 We all work, or will work, in jobs with many different kinds of people In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important die ,| Ive worked in several offices, and I've found there are certain characteristics that all good co-workers have in common They tend to be coop- ‘main ideas | ative people, they adapt well to changes, and they are helpful to others inthe office People who have these characteristics are easy to work with ‘Agood co-worker is very cooperative She does her best to get along with others She tries to her work well because she knows that if one person doesn't get her work done, it affects everyone else She also has a positive attitude that creates a pleasant working environment ‘A good co-worker is adaptable She is not stubborn about changes in schedules or routines She doesn't object to having her job description revised She has no problem with new procedures In fact, she welcomes changes when they come A good co-worker is helpful For instance, she lends a hand when someone falls behind in his or her work She is willing to change her schedule to accommodate another worker's emergency She doesn't keep track of how often she has to take on extra work We spend more time with our co-workers during the week than we with our family Thus, it’s important for our co-workers to be people we can get along with When co-workers are cooperative, adaptable, and helpful, everyone gets along better and can get their jobs done well Writing Skills Independent Task Content ‘Main ideas ‘Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION “Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety WV CHECK FOR THESIS STATEMENT ‘The task asks the writer to describe something In the first paragraph, the writer lets us know what will be described Task: ‘Thesis: Describe something there are certain characteristics that all good co-workers have in common Revision Checklist CONTENT ‘Thesis Statement _ | Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety WV CHECK FOR MAIN IDEAS The first paragraph mentions three topics that support the thesis, These will become the main ideas of the paragraphs in the body of the essay Thesis: there are certain characteristics thar all good co-workers have in common 185 186 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Paragraph 1, Sentence Paragraph 1, Sentence Paragraph 1, Sentence cooperative adapt well to changes helpful Revision Checklist | CONTENT Thesis Statement Main ideas “Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling ‘Sentence variety V CHECK FOR SUPPORTING DETAILS The paragraphs have topic sentences and supporting details In the body of the essay, the topic sentences of the paragraphs match the topics introduced in the first paragraph Paragraph 2: Main idea A good co-worker is very cooperative Supporting details ~ She does her best to get along with others ~ She tries to her work well because she knows that if one person doesn’t get her work done, it affects everyone else ~ She also has a positive attitude that creates a pleasant working environment Paragraph 3: Main idea A good co-worker is adaptable Supporting details — She is nor stubborn about changes is schedules or routines = She doesn’t object to having her job description revised — She has no problem with new procedures = In fact, she welcomes changes when they come Writing Skills Independent Task Paragraph 4: Main idea A good co-worker is helpful Supporting details ~ For instance, she lends a hand when someone falls behind in his or her work — She is willing to change her schedule to accommodate another worker's emergency = She doesnt keep track of how often she has to take on extra work Fluency and Cohesion Grammar and § Sentence variety v CHECK FOR TRANSITION WORDS ‘This essay uses appropriate transition words alo In fact For instance Thus ‘Adds information ‘Adds emphasis Clarifies a point Makes a conclusion 187 188 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words W | Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety Vv CHECK FOR GI ;RAMMAR AND SPELLING ‘There are no grammar or spelling errors in this essay Revision Checklis CONTENT ‘Thesis Statement Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling v CHECK FOR SENTENCE VARIETY This essay uses a variety of sentence structures Series Paragraph They tend to be cooperative people, they adapt well to changes, and they are helpful to others in the office Adjective clause Paragraph Complex sentence Paragraph People who have these characteris- tics are easy to work with, She tries to her work well because she knows that if one person doesn’t get her work done, Simple sentence Noun clause Paragraph Paragraph it affects everyone else ‘A good co-worker is adaptable She doesnt keep track of how often she has to take on extra work Writing Skills Independent Task Saas Se PRACTICE Attra See Complete each essay by answering the questions that follow Topic 68 Many teachers assign homework to students every day: Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer @ Students already spend most of the day in school They need time to spend with their families, to work, and to just relax They can learn their lessons with homework two or three times a week, but every day isn't necessary Qs They are still young, and they need the guidance and support their parents can give them They need the companionship of their brothers and sisters @) ‘many families rely on their older children to help out at home They take care of the younger children and help with the cooking and cleaning If students have too much homework, the won't have time for their families Many high school students have jobs They go to their jobs after school and on weekends Some work in order to help their families @ Students’ jobs are important to them, If they have too much homework, they won't have time and energy to go to work Students need time to relax They study hard in school all day, and many work at jobs after school, But they are still young They need to spend time with their friends and have fun When students relax with friends, they then have more energy for school and work () Having free time is important for a child’s development If students have too much homework, they won't have time for relaxation Homeworkis important for students, but other things are impor- tant, too Some homework is good, but daily homework can take time away from a student's family, job, and relaxation There needs to be a balance Choose the best thesis statement (A) Teachers often assign homework (B) I believe that daily homework is not necessary (©) Homework may involve solving math problems or writing essays Choose the best main idea for this paragraph (A) All students need to spend time with their families (B) Many students have to work (C) Some families believe that homework is important 189 190 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) For example (B) Although (© Inaddition 4, Choose the missing supporting detail (A) Others work to save money for college (B) Others spend time relaxing with friends (©) Others homework all evening Choose the missing supporting detail (A) They should spend their energy getting a job (B) They never have time for their families (©) They have a chance to develop social skills or to pursue their own interests Topic 58 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Businesses should anything they can to make a profit Use specific reasons and examples to support your position ‘After I get my degree, I plan to start a business My goal is to make money, a lot of money (6) I must consider (7) — „ the customers Ï serve, and the communityI live in My colleagues are a very important part of my business Without them, I would not have a business I depend on them to carry out the day-to-day operations I depend on them for their advice on what to sell and how to sell it, I must compensate them for their work I cant take a large profit without sharing with the people who made it possible @) I would not have a business without my customers I can never forget that they could take their business elsewhere I must give them good value for their money I can't overcharge them (9) My employees and I‘are part ofthe social life of our community We must play an active part init (10) ‘We need to support community programs like summer jobs for high school students, campaigns to clean up parks, and efforts to make the shopping area more attractive ‘A business must make profits, but we all—workers, customers, community—must profit from a successful business Writing Skills Independent Task Choose the best thesis statement (A) To clarify, making a profit means earning money rather than losing it (B) In fact, earning a profit is the most important aspect of a business (©) However, I cant forget that there are more important things in life than earning a profit Choose (A) the (B) the (©) the the missing topic that supports the thesis moneyI earn people I work with product or service I provide Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) Therefore (B) Similarly (©) Otherwise Choose the missing supporting detail (A) Lwant my customers to trust me and keep coming back (B) If some customers leave, I can always find others (© I should earn as much profit from my customers as possible 10 Choose the missing supporting detail (A) Taking part in community activities is an enjoyable way to spend free time (B) If I am active in the community, I will get more customers and earn higher profits (© I feel it is important that some of the profits my business earns from the community be returned to the community Topic Some people prefer to live in a small town Others prefer to live in a big city Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer I grew up in a small town and then moved to a big city I didnt think I would like living here, but I was wrong ay ~ Transportation is much more convenient, everything is more exciting, and there is a greater variety of people I can’t imagine ever living in a small town again ‘Transportation is easier in a city In a small town, you have to have a car to get around because there isn’t any kind of public transportation In a city, (12) there are usually buses and taxis, and some cities have subways Cities often have heavy traffic and expensive parking, but it doesn’t matter because you can always take the bus Using public transportation is usually cheaper and more convenient than driving a car, (13) you don't have this choice in a small town 191 192 Writing for the TOEFL iBT City life is more exciting than small town life In small towns usually nothing changes You see the same people every day, you go to the same two or three restaurants, everything is the same "4 - You see new people every day There are many restaurants, with new ones to choose from all the time New plays come to the theaters, and new musicians come to the concert halls (15), There are many fewer people in a small town, and usually they are all alike In a city you can find people from different countries, of different religions, of different races—you can find all kinds of people This variety of people is what makes city life interesting Life in a city is convenient, exciting, and interesting, After experiencing city life, I could never live in a small town again 11, Choose the best thesis statement (A) I think life is much better in a big city (B) However, I still prefer living in a small town (©) Big cities are busy and noisy, while small towns are quiet and peaceful 12 Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) consequently (B) for example (© on the other hand 13 Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) but (B) also (©) so 14 Choose the missing supporting detail (A) In a city life can be very confusing (B) Ina city, chings change all the time (C) Ina city, most people follow a routine 15 Choose the best main idea for this paragraph (A) Cities have many of the same types of people that you can find in a small town (B) Cities have a larger population than small rowns (© Cities have a diversity of people that you dont find in a small town Writing Skills Independent Task Topic 77 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Boys and girls should attend separate schools Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer (16) They will not be separated when they finish school and start their careers, so why should they be separated in school? When boys and girls study together, they are assured of getting equal quality of education, (17), and they learn how to become friends It is a much better prepara tion for life chan studying in separate schools ‘When boys and girls attend the same school, they get equal education, They are in the same classrooms with the same teachers studying from the same books (18) One school might be better than the other By studying together, girls get the same education as boys This helps them work toward having equality in society By attending the same schools, boys and girls learn how to work together Some people say that they should study separately because they have different learning styles I think it’s better to study together, (19) Te gives them the chance to learn to work together despite their differences This will help them in the future when they have to work together professionally When boys and girls se each other in school every day, they have the chance to become friends (20) Ifthey attend separate schools, they don't know each other Its easy to misunderstand, or even fear, each other When boys and girls have the chance to become friends, their lives are much richer They will have better relationships in the future By studying together, boys and girls get equal education, they learn to work together, and they become friends This prepares them for adult life where men and women live and work together every day 16 Choose the best thesis statement, (A) L agree that education is as important for girls as it is for boys (B) I don’t think it’s a good idea for boys and girls to attend separate schools (©) In many countries, boys and girls attend separate schools 17 Choose the missing topic that supports the thesis (A) they learn how to work together (B) they attend the same school (©) they the same kind of homework 193 194 Writing for the TOEFL iBT 18 19 Choose the missing supporting detail (A) IF they attend separate schools, they could still study the same subjects (B) If they attend separate schools, they will learn more (© Kthey attend separate schools, the schools might be different Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) however (B) for instance (C) moreover 20 Choose the missing supporting detail (A) Children should have a lot of friends (B) They see each other as normal people, not as strangers (©) Friends can help each other with their schoolwork Read the following essay and use the revision checklist to identify what is missing or incorrect Revise the esay, adding the missing parts and correcting the errors CONTENT Thesis Statement Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling ‘Sentence variety Writing Skills Independent Task Topic 20 Itis better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay Yes, | think so When children grow up in the countryside, they have a healthier life They also have a safer life Children also learn to appreciate nature when they grow up in the countryside Life in the countryside is healthier for children than life in the city Drinking water in the city is usually dirty In the countryside, on the other hand, the drinking water are clean and pure ‘They don't have to worry about crime because there are fewer criminals in the countryside than in the city They don't have to worry about traffic accidents, either, because there are fewer cars in the countryside Furthermore, they don't have to worry about strangers who might hurt them because in the countryside almost everybody knows everybody else Life in the countryside help children appreciate nature There are few plants in the city In the countryside, for instance, children see trees and flowers around them all the time They also have opportunities to see wild animals, while in the city they can only see animals in zoos in addition, they know where there food comes from In the countryside children are surrounded by farms, but in the city they only see fruits and vegetables in the grocery stores Life in the countryside is definitely much better for children than life in the city It is cleaner, safer, and closer to nature When I have children, | plan to let they grow up far away from any city Missing items: Paragraph 1: Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: Paragraph 4: Paragraph 5: Grammar Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph and vocabulary errors: 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 195 196 Writing for the TOEFL i8T Revised essay ... 190 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Choose the best transition word for this sentence (A) For example (B) Although (© Inaddition 4, Choose the missing supporting detail (A) Others work to save money for. .. CHECK FOR TRANSITION WORDS ‘This essay uses appropriate transition words alo In fact For instance Thus ‘Adds information ‘Adds emphasis Clarifies a point Makes a conclusion 187 188 Writing for. .. usually cheaper and more convenient than driving a car, (13) you don''t have this choice in a small town 191 192 Writing for the TOEFL iBT City life is more exciting than small town life In small