Tài liệu Writing for toefl ibt book 3rd eidition part 7 ppt

90 Writing for the TOEFL iBT summarize the main idea of the reading and of the lecture The transition words in contrast let the reader know that these ideas are in opposition to each other Task: Contrast words: Summarize points and explain how they oppose each other in contrast Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement | Topics thac support the thesis Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION Transition words (Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety v CHECK FOR TOPICS THAT SUPPORT THE THESIS The supporting topics are the main idea of the reading and the main idea of the lecture They are presented in the thesis statement The model essay summarizes the main points of the reading and of the lecture and explains how the author's ideas contrast with the speaker's ideas Main idea of the reading and lecture Reading Advances in technology not always lead to increased productivity Lecture Investmentin technology is paid back in increased productivity Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis W | Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety V CHECK FOR MAIN IDEAS ‘The second paragraph in the model essay supports the reading main idea by summarizing the main points of the reading The third paragraph in the model essay supports the lecture main idea by summarizing the main points of the lecture Writing Skills Integrated Task [Advances in technology not always lead to increased prodiacsiviry “Technology means workers stay at their desks all day This cannes discomfire Photocopy machines and e-mail make woek face and more Investment in technology is ald bock in increased productviy convenient eee “Thesis Statement “Topics chat support the thesis Main ideas FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition-words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety V CHECK FOR SUPPORTING DETAILS ‘The paragraphs in the model essay have topic sentences and supporting details In the body of the response, the topic sentences of the paragraphs match the topics introduced in the first paragraph 2: Main idea «because of technology, workers often stay at their desks all day, but this does not lead to increased productivity Supporting details — This is very uncomfortable and actually lowers productivity — Workers need to take breaks more often and go out for lunch — They also should have meetings in person instead of using e-mail — Inaddition, companies can buy special equipment that is more comfortableto use Paragraph 3: Main idea « «technology increases productivity Supporting details — Photocopy machines, for example, can copy, collate, and staple much faster than a person — When people communicate by e-mail, they not have to go to so many meetings They can spend more time working 91 92 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Fluency and Cohesion Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis Main ideas Su| ‘ing details Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety v CHECK FOR TRANSITION WORDS “Transition words show how the ideas fit together The model essay includes appropriate transition words ako In addition for example Alo ‘Adds information ‘Adds information Clarifies a point ‘Adds information Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement Topics thar support the thesis Main ideas FLUENCY AND COHESION| ñ V | Grammar and Spelling Sentence vatiery V CHECK FOR GRAMMAR AND SPELLING ‘There are no grammar or spelling errors in the model essay Writing Skills Integrated Task CONTENT ‘Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis Main ideas ‘Transition words Grammar and eer V CHECK FOR SENTENCE VARIETY ‘The model essay uses a variety ofsentence structures Ít can cause back, neck, and eye pain ‘Compound sentence In addition, companies can buy special equipment that is more comfortable to use ‘When people communicate by e-mail, they not have to go to so many meetings They can spend more time working Clearly, technology solves some problems, but it causes others, 93 94 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Model Task Summarize the main points of the reading pastage, and explain how they are supported by the information presentedin the lecture writes on topic The author explains how pets improve both emotional health and physical health Pets are good companions for lonely people They also give their owners things to do, like hobbies or club activities In addireading senmary | tion, pets are a comfort to anxious or worried people Pets are good for physical health, as well They help people with high blood pressure and heart problems They help people stay physically active They give people a chance to play: Finally, pet therapy is used with elderly people ‘The speaker supports pet therapy He describes a study where pets had a positive effect on the health of heart patients Half the patients had a dog to rake care of The other half only got traditional treatlectre summary | ment Afcer six months, the patients with pets had lower blood pressure, and they had lost more weight than the other patients They fele happier, too These are all things that can affect heart disease This is a case that shows how pet therapy works to improve physical health (based on Reading 6, page 55 and Lecture 6, page 57) Content Reacts Cock Topics that support the thesis Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION “Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety WV CHECK FOR THESIS STATEMENT ‘The model essay has a thesis statement that shows understanding of the task The task asks the writer to summarize points and explain how one supports the other, that is, to compare them The first sentence is the thesis statement It summarizes both the main idea of the reading and of the lecture The transition word and lets the reader know that these ideas are similar to each other Task: Compare word: Summarize points and explain how one supports the other and Writing Skills integrated Task Revision Checklist Thesis Statement “W | opis thar support dhe thas Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety V CHECK FOR TOPICS THAT SUPPORT THE THESIS ‘The supporting topics are the main idea of the reading and the main idea of the lecture They are presented in the thesis statement The model essay summarizes the main points of the reading and of the lecture and explains how the author’ ideas are supported by the speaker's ideas ‘Main idea of the reading and lecture Reading _Animal-assisted therapy is used to improve emotional and physical health Lecture A study showed positive effects of pet ownership on health Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement Topics that support the thesis | Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION “Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety V CHECK FOR MAIN The second paragraph in marizing the main points supports the lecture main IDEAS the model essay supports the reading main idea by sumof the reading The third paragraph in the model essay idea by summarizing the main points of the lecture 95 96 Writing for the TOEFL iBT |Animal-asisted therapy is used to improve emotional and physical health Pets provide | companionship, | comfort, hobbies, physical activity |A study showed positive '| Heart patients with effects of pet ownership on health pets improved their health more than heart patients without pets ‘Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis Main ideas FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety vV CHECK FOR SUPPORTING DETAILS ‘The paragraphs in the model essay have topic sentences and supporting details In the body of the response, the topic sentences of the paragraphs match the topics introduced in the first paragraph Paragraph 2: Main idea «+» pets improve both emotional health and physical health Supporting details — Pets are good companions for lonely people — They also give their owners things to do, like hobbies or club activities Pets are also a comfort to anxious or worried people — They help people with high blood pressure and heart problems — They help people stay physically active — They give people a chance to play — Finally, pet therapy is used with elderly people Writing Skills Integrated Task Paragraph 3: Main idea «study where pets had a positive effect on the health of heart patients Supporting details — Half the patients had a dog to take care of, The other half only got traditional treatment — After six months, the patients with pets had lower blood pressure = They had also lost more weight than the other patients = They felt happier, too ~ These are all things that can affect heart disease Fluency and Cohesion CONTENT ‘Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis Main ideas Supporting details v CHECK FOR TRANSITION WORDS Transition words show how the ideas fit together The model essay includes appropriate transition words In addition as well Finally to ‘Adds information ‘Adds information Concludes ‘Adds information 97 98 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis Main ideas ing deval Transition words Saas Sentence variety v CHECK FOR GRAMMAR AND SPELLING ‘There are no grammar or pelling errors in the model essay Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement Topics that support the thesis Main ideas Supporting details | | FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling _Senten ty v CHECK FOR SENTENCE VARIETY ‘The model essay uses a variety of sentence structures Simple sentence “Adjective clause ‘Compound sentence Noun clause Pets are good companions for lonely people He describes a study where pets had a positive effect on the health of heart patients, After six months, the patients with pets had lower blood pressure, and they had loạt more weight than the other patients This is a case that shows how pet therapy works to improve physical health Writing Skills Integrated Task Model Task Summarize the main points in the reading passage and explain how the information presented in the lecture adds to them “The author warns that ocean pollution isa Serious problem: In the same way, the speaker explains how plastic garbage threatens sea | write on tpic animals, The author explains that different things cause ocean pollution Oil from factories and cities enters the ocean through rivers and drains Similarly, fertilizers wash into the ocean, and they cause large growths of algae Toxic chemicals continue to pollute the ocean, as well There are laws against dumping these chemicals, but the chem- | reading semmary icals still leak into the ocean Animals eat them, and when we eat seafood, we eat these chemicals, too There is also a lot of garbage in the ocean Plastic is the worst kind because it does not break down quickly Animals think it is food They eat it and choke on it ‘While the author gives an overview of ocean pollution, the speaker specifically describes the problem of plastic garbage People produce billions of pounds of plastic a year, anda lot of this ends up in the ocean The water and wind break large pieces of plastic into smaller pieces Then animals try to eat these pieces An animal may | /etwre summary choke on plastic It may starve because it does not feel hungry after eating plastic Animals are often caught in floating plastic They are also strangled by it There are many types of pollution in the ocean Plastic garbage is one of the worst examples (based on Reading 7, page 58, and Lecture 7, page 60) Content Revision Checklist CONTENT VY| Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety v CHECK FOR THESIS STATEMENT ‘The model essay has a thesis statement that shows understanding of the task The task asks the writer to summarize points and explain how one adds to the other, that is, to compare them The first two sentences are the thesis statement They summarize the 99 100 Writing for the TOEFL iBT main idea of the reading and of the lecture The transition words Jn the same way let the reader know that these ideas are similar to each other Task: Compare words: Summarize points and explain how one adds to the other Jn the same way Revision Checklist ‘Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis | Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety v CHECK FOR TOPICS THAT SUPPORT THE THESIS ‘The supporting topics are the main idea of the reading and the main idea of the lecture They are presented in the thesis statement The model essay summarizes the main points of the reading and of the lecture and explains how the author's ideas are supported by the speaker's ideas Main idea of the reading and lecture Reading Ocean pollution is a serious problem Lecture Plastic garbage threatens sea animals Revision Checklist INTENT(oer trent ‘Thesis Statement Topics that support the thesis W | Main ideas Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety v CHECK FOR MAIN ‘The second paragraph in marizing the main points supports the lecture main IDEAS the model essay supports the reading main idea by sumof the reading The third paragraph in the model essay idea by summarizing the main points of the lecture Writing Skills Integrated Task Ocean pollution is a serious problem Plastic garbage threatens sea animals Paragraph Oil, fertilizers, toxic chemicals, and garbage pollute the ocean, Plastic does not break down Animals eat it and get strangled on it ` CONTENT Thesis Statement Topics that support the thesis ‘Main ideas VW| Supporting details FLUENCY AND COHESION “Transition words (Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety v CHECK FOR SUPPORTING DETAILS ‘The paragraphs in the model essay have topic sentences and supporting details In the body of the response, the topic sentences of the paragraphs match the topics introduced in the first paragraph Paragraph 2: Main idea « «- different things cause ocean pollution Supporting details = Oil from factories and cities enters the ocean through rivers and drains Fertilizers also wash into the ocean and cause large growths of algae Toxic chemicals continue to pollute the ocean ~ There is also a lot ofgarbagein the ocean Paragraph 3: Main idea +» the problem of plastic garbage Supporting details — People produce billions of pounds of plastic a year, and a lot of this ends up in the ocean — Then animals try to eat these pieces An animal may choke on plastic — Iemay starve because it does not feel hungry after eating plastic ~ Animals are often caught in floating plastic — They are also strangled by it 101 102 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Fluency and Cohesion Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement ‘Topics that support the thesis Main ideas Supporting details ‘Transition words Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety Vv CHECK FOR TRANSITION WORDS “Transition words show how the ideas fit together The model essay includes appropriate transition words Thesis Statement Topics that support the thesis Main ideas Supporting details ‘Transition words W | Grammar and Spelling Sentence variety WV CHECK FOR GRAMMAR AND SPELLING | ‘There are no grammar or spelling errors in the model essay Writing Skills Integrated Task Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis ‘Main ideas Supporting details | FLUENCY AND COHESION | ‘Transition words Grammar —— and Spelling V CHECK FOR SENTENCE VARIETY The model essay uses a variety of sentence structures ‘Compound sentence ‘Complex sentence Simple sentence LỀ : Biase! the ocean, and they cause large growths of algae Plastic is the worst kind because it does not break down quickly ‘An animal may choke on plastic 103 104 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Model Task Summarize the main points ofthe reading pascage and explain how the points made in the lecture cast doubt on them writes on topic The author explains that color has hologiical effects.In con- The author describes chological effects of color Ancient people used color for healing, and modern designers use color to create mood Designers might use yellow to create a positive mood in an office Likewise, they might use neutral colors to create a clean, clear, and focused mood reading summary in health care centers Restaurants often use orange and red to stimulate the appetite Some scientists say that blue lowers the heart rate and blood pressure Red, on the other hand, raises blood pressure Other scientists not believe that color affects mood They say the effect is temporary and also that it is different in every culture The speaker describes a study that showed no relationship between color and appetite A fast-food restaurant chain had orange walls in half its restaurants and beige walls in the rest of its restaurants It recorded all the food ordered for two years There was no lecture ummary | difference between the restaurants with orange walls and the restaurants with beige walls People ordered the same food in both types of places In other words, according to the company president, there is no effect of color on appetite He said that the study proved it In this case, at least, there was no psychological effect of color (based on Reading 8, page 61, and Lecture 8, page 63) ... information 97 98 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Revision Checklist CONTENT Thesis Statement “Topics that support the thesis Main ideas ing deval Transition words Saas Sentence variety v CHECK FOR. .. points of the lecture 95 96 Writing for the TOEFL iBT |Animal-asisted therapy is used to improve emotional and physical health Pets provide | companionship, | comfort, hobbies, physical activity... problems, but it causes others, 93 94 Writing for the TOEFL iBT Model Task Summarize the main points of the reading pastage, and explain how they are supported by the information presentedin the lecture