UNIT THREE BY COIN CIDEN CE 1. LISTENING VOCABULARY: IN THE KNOW: This is an adapted true story contributed by a listener to National Public Radio’s National Story Project 1. connected / kC / nektId / (a): things such as ideas, events, or facts that are connected are related to each other: có liên quan Were the two deaths connected? Hai cái cht đó có liên quan vi nhau không? 2. go out (phrasal verb): to leave your house and go somewhere, especially to do something enjoyable: đi chi I wanted the evenings free for going out with friends: Tôi mun rnh vào các bui ti đ đi chi vi bn bè. 3. neighborhood / NeIbC / hUd / (n): the people who live near each other: lân cn, ngi hàng xóm 4. lose touch (phrasal verb): to not see, speak to, or write to someone any longer: mt liên lc She moved to France and we lost touch with each other: Cô ta chuyn đn sng Pháp và chúng tôi đã mt liên lc vi nhau. 5. happen to do something (phrasal verb): to do something by chance: làm gì đó mt cách tình c I happened to meet an old friend in town: Tình c tôi gp mt ngi bn c ngòai ph. 6. used / ju:zd/ (a): owned by someone else before you: SECOND-HAND: hàng xài ri a used car salesman: mt nhân viên bán xe hi xài ri 7. share / SeC/ (v): [intransitive or transitive] to use or have something at the same time as someone else: s dng chung Do you mind sharing a table?: Vui lòng cho tôi ngi chung bàn nhé. 8. tattered / / tAtCd / (n): something that is tattered looks in very bad condition because parts of it have been torn: RAGGED: rách nát, t ti 9. familiar /fC / mIlIC/ (a): a familiar sight, problem, etc. is common and happens a lot: quen thuc Horse-drawn carriages used to be a familiar sight: Trc đây xe nga là mt hình nh quen thuc. IN THE KNOW: Charles Dickens (1812-1970) was a popular British novelist. He wrote Great Expectations in 1860, when he was already a well-established and successful author. Some of his other books include A Tale of Two Cities, A Christmas Carol, and Oliver Twist. 2. VOCABULARY: PHRASAL VERBS VOCABULARY: LANGUAGE NOTE: Most transitive phrasal verbs are separable. This means that the object can go either after the particle (when it is a noun, but not a pronoun) or between the verb and the particle (when it is a noun, but not a pronoun). For example, I turned down the offer OR I turned the offer down OR I turned it down. Not I turned down it. Other phrasal verbs are inseparable. For example, We can ran into a friend OR We ran into him. Not: We ran a friend into OR We ran him into. The verbs in exercise 2 which have the word someone between the verb and the particle are separable. This is also the usual convention in most dictionaries. 1. orphan / / c:fn / (n): a child whose parents have died: tr m côi 2. pass away: (phrasal verb) to die. This word is used to avoid saying “die” when you think this might upset someone: qua đi 3. bring up: (phrasal verb) [often passive] to take care of a child until he or she becomes an adult: RAISE: nuôi dng She brought up three sons on her own: Cô ta mt mình nuôi dng ba đa con. 4. run into: (phrasal verb) see by chance: tình c gp ai 5. wealthy / / welTI / (n): a wealthy person, organization, or country is one that has a large amount of money, land, and other valuable things: RICH: giàu có, phát đt 6. adopted /C / do:ptId/ (a): đc nhn làm con nuôi 7. fall for: (phrasal verb) fall for someone to fall in love with someone: phi lòng yêu ai He fell for Rosie when he was in the hospital and she was his nurse: Anh ra phi lòng Rosie khi anh nm bnh vin và lúc đó cô y là mt y tá. 8. come into: (phrasal verb) tha hng 9. turn up: (phrasal verb) kt qu là 10. unexpected / VnIk / spektId / (a): something that is unexpected is surprising, because you did not expect it at all or you expected it to happen in a different way: bt ng, thình lình 11. turn down: (phrasal verb) to refuse to accept an offer or request: t chI SUMMARY OF GREAT EXPECTATION S: One of Dickens? shorter novels and also one of his most influential is Great Expectations. It appeared initially in serial form in All The Year Round between 1860 and 1861 and is now considered to be one of his finest novels. It concerns the young boy Philip Pirrip (known as ?Pip?) and his development through life after an early meeting with the escaped convict Abel Magwitch, who he treats kindly despite his fear. His unpleasant sister and her humorous and friendly blacksmith husband, Joe, bring him up. Crucial to his development as an individual is his introduction to Miss Havisham (one of Dickens? most brilliant portraits), a now aging woman who has given up on life after being jilted at the altar. Cruelly, Havisham has brought up her daughter Estella to revenge her own pain and so as Pip falls in love with her she is made to torture him in romance. Aspiring to be a gentleman despite his humble beginnings, Pip seems to achieve the impossible by receiving a fund of wealth from an unknown source and being sent to London with the lawyer Jaggers. He is employed but eventually loses everything and Estella marries another. His benefactor turns out to have been Magwitch and his future existence is based upon outgrowing the great expectations and returning to Joe and honest laout. Eventually he is reunited with Estella. There have been a number of film adaptations of the novel, the most recent of which featured Anne Bancroft as Miss Havisham. Doubtless, this was something of an in-joke meant for those who know Bancroft best as Mrs. Robinson in The Graduate which is very much inspired by this Dickens novel and benefits from the comparison. 3. READING VOCABULARY: 1. get along: (phrasal verb) get along or get on or get on with if people get along, they like each other and are friendly to each other: hòa thun vi nhau 2. subway / / sVbweI / (n): AMERICAN a railroad that goes under the ground. British underground: đng ngm, đng xe đin ngm 3. slip on /slIp/ (phrasal verb): mc vi vào 4. coat /kCUt/ (n): a piece of clothing with long sleeves that you wear over your other clothes when you go outside. A short coat is also called a jacket and a long coat is also called an overcoat: áo khoát 5. reach for: (phrasal verb) vi ly 6. in someone’s excitement: in someone’s excitement (=because someone is excited): trong nim hân hoan ca ai đó 7. expect / Iks / pekt / (v): [often progressive] to be waiting for someone or something to arrive: mong đi, ch đi 8. head for: (phrasal verb) [intransitive] to go in a particular direction: đi đn, hng v phía head for/toward/through etc.: We decided to head for home: Chúng tôi quyt đnh đi v nhà. 9. course / kc:s/ (n): a series of classes or lectures in an academic subject or a practical skill: khóa hc Spanish course: khóa hc ting Tây Ban Nha 10. break / breIk/ (n): a short period of time when you stop what you are doing so that you can eat or rest: k ngh Doctors and nurses worked 18 hours without a break: Bác s và y tá làm vic 18 ting mà không ngh ngi. 11. determine / dI / tE:mIN / (v): [intransitive or transitive verb] to officially decide something: quyt đnh 12. sight-seeing: (n) the activity of traveling around a place to see the interesting things in it: s tham quan cnh đp ca mt đa phng 13. interrupt / IntC / rVpt / (v): [intransitive or transitive] to say or do something to stop someone when they are speaking or concentrating on something: làm gián đan IN THE KNOW: The expression to have the heart to do something means “to have the enthusiasm or desire to do it.” 4. FOCUS ON GRAMMAR VOCABULARY: 5. LISTENING VOCABULARY: 1. the day before that = the previous day: ngày hôm trc 2. the same day = that day: ngày hôm đó 3. the next day = the day after that = the following day: ngày hôm sau, ngày k tip 4. two days later: hai ngày sau đó 6. LISTENING & READING VOCABULARY: 1. amazing /C / meIzIN/ (a): very surprising: đáng kinh ngc She told me an amazing story: Cô ta k cho tôi nghe mt câu chuyn rt đáng kinh ngac. 2. guy / gaI/ (n): INFORMAL a man: mt ngi đàn ông 3. tractor / / trAktC / (n): a vehicle used on farms, for example to pull machines: máy kéo 4. originally / C / rIdZCnClI/ (adv): at first: ban đu, lúc đu 5. jump up: (phrasal verb) [intransitive] to move your body off the ground using your legs: nhy cng lên jump up: The cat jumped up onto my lap: Con mèo nhy vào lòng tôi. 6. hug /hVg/ (v): [intransitive or transitive] to put your arms around someone to show your love or friendship: ôm 7. chain /tSeIn/ (n): [count] a series of people or things of the same type that form a connected line: mt dòng, mt chuI 8. psychologist / saI / kOlCdZIst / (n): someone who studies how people’s minds work and how this affects their behavior: nhà tâm lý hc 9. acquaintance /e / kweIntCns/ (n): [count] someone you know a little, who is not a close friend: nqi quen bit He recognized Mr. Hunter as an old business acquaintance from his years in banking: Ông ta nhân ra ông Hunter là mt ngi quen làm n c lúc ông còn làm vic ngân hàng. 10. random / / rAndCm / (a): chosen or happening without any particular method, pattern, or purpose: ngu nhiên 11. criterion /kraI / tICriCn/ (n): standards that are used for judging something or making a decision about something: tiêu chun, tiêu chí criteria for: What criteria do you have for selecting patients for treatment?: Anh có tiêu chí gì khi chn bnh nhân điu tr? 12. theorize / / TICraIz / (v): to develop ideas to explain something: to ra các lý thuyt 13. implication / ImplI / keISn/ (n): [count usually plural] a possible effect or result: s hàm ý, ám ch 14. contact / / kOntAkt / (n): [count or uncount] communication between people, countries, or organizations either by talking or writing: giao tip, giao thip IN THE KNOW: Stanley Milgram (1933-1984) was an American social psychologist. His theory of “six degrees of separation” was the subject of a 1990 play by John Guare, which was later made into a movie. 7. LANGUAGE IN ACTION: CONFIRMATION VOCABULARY: 1. politician /pOlC / tISCn/ (n): someone who has a job in politics, especially a member of the government: nhà chính tr 2. delighted /dI / laItId/ (a): very happy, especially because something good has happened: rt hài lòng, t ra thích thú delighted to do something: I was delighted to see my old friends again: Tôi rt vui sng gp li nhng ngi bn c. 3. mix up: (phrasal verb) to think that one person or thing is another person or thing: nhm ln. 4. romance / rCU / mCns / (n): [uncount] the feelings or behavior typical of people who love each other: truyn tình 5. queue /kju:/ (v): to LINE UP: xp hàng 6. melt / melt/ (v): [transitive] to change a solid substance into a liquid: tan ra Melt the butter in a small saucepan: Làm tan b trong mt cái cho nh 7. vow /vaU/ (n): vows [plural] a set of promises that people make to each other, for example during a wedding ceremony: li th, li nguyn 8. shelter / / SeltC / (v): [transitive] to protect someone or something from bad weather: ch nng ta, n náo Test for unit 3 1. Decide if the verbs are followed by a verb in the gerund or in the infinitive form. 1. finish A. Gerund B. Infinitive + to C. Both possibilities are correct. 2. like A. Gerund B. Infinitive + to C. Both possibilities are correct. 3. hope A. Gerund B. Infinitive + to C. Both possibilities are correct. 4. feel like A. Gerund B. Infinitive + to C. Both possibilities are correct. 5. seem A. Gerund B. Infinitive + to C. Both possibilities are correct. 6. forget A. Gerund B. Infinitive + to C. Both possibilities are correct. 7. start A. Gerund B. Infinitive + to C. Both possibilities are correct. 8. manage A. Gerund B. Infinitive + to C. Both possibilities are correct. 9. agree A. Gerund B. Infinitive + to C. Both possibilities are correct. 10. avoid A. Gerund B. Infinitive + to C. Both possibilities are correct. Key: 1. Gerund 2. Both possibilities are correct. 3. Infinitive + to 4. Gerund 5. Infinitive + to 6. Both possibilities are correct. 7. Both possibilities are correct. 8. Infinitive + to 9. Infinitive + to 10. Gerund 2 Use the verbs in brackets to fill the gaps. 1 We arranged _____________ under the station clock at half nine. ( to meet ) 2 I always try to avoid _____________ him whenever I can. ( to see ) 3 I long _____________ in Scotland again. ( to be ) 4 My Mum demanded _____________ the manager. ( to see ) 5 My brother denied _____________ my chocolate mousse. Maybe his hamster ate it. ( to eat ) 6 I tried _____________ but I just couldn't. ( to understand ) 7 In the end I gave up _____________ to persuade her. ( to try ) 8 Charlie was pretending _____________ a chicken. ( to be ) 9 They chose _____________ in a cheap hotel but spend more money on meals. ( to stay ) 10 We like Galicia so much that we keep _____________ back there. ( to go ) 11 He deserves _____________ severely punished. ( to be ) 12 When we visit my aunt, they expect me _____________ on my best behaviour. ( to be ) 13 I didn't mean _____________ her feelings. I'm really sorry. ( to hurt ) 14 I always put off _____________ my homework until the last possible moment. ( to do ) 15 He goes on _____________ me the same thing over and over again. ( to tell ) 16 I can't stand _____________ in the queue at the baker's. ( to wait ) 17 The firemen managed _____________ the fire pretty quickly. ( to put out ) 18 I never risk _____________ through that part of town. ( to go ) 19 Clare offered _____________ me to the airport, which was very kind of her. ( to take ) 20 Dad threatened _____________ my pocket money if I didn't do my homework. ( to stop ) Key: 1 We arranged to meet under the station clock at half nine. ( to meet ) 2 I always try to avoid seeing him whenever I can. ( to see ) 3 I long to be in Scotland again. ( to be ) 4 My Mum demanded to see the manager. ( to see ) 5 My brother denied eating my chocolate mousse. Maybe his hamster ate it. ( to eat ) 6 I tried to understand but I just couldn't. ( to understand ) 7 In the end I gave up trying to persuade her. ( to try ) 8 Charlie was pretending to be a chicken. ( to be ) 9 They chose to stay in a cheap hotel but spend more money on meals. ( to stay ) 10 We like Galicia so much that we keep going back there. ( to go ) 11 He deserves to be severely punished. ( to be ) 12 When we visit my aunt, they expect me to be on my best behaviour. ( to be ) 13 I didn't mean to hurt her feelings. I'm really sorry. ( to hurt ) 14 I always put off doing my homework until the last possible moment. ( to do ) 15 He goes on telling me the same thing over and over again. ( to tell ) 16 I can't stand waiting in the queue at the baker's. ( to wait ) 17 The firemen managed to put out the fire pretty quickly. ( to put out ) 18 I never risk going through that part of town. ( to go ) 19 Clare offered to take me to the airport, which was very kind of her. ( to take ) 20 Dad threatened to stop my pocket money if I didn't do my homework. ( to stop ) Infinitive or Gerund? - Which is correct? 1. When you come to the crossroads - stop there. A. Remember to stop at the crossroads. B. Remember stopping at the crossroads. C. Both possibilities are correct. 2. Yesterday she read the first pages of her new book. A. She began to read her new book. B. She began reading her new book. C. Both possibilities are correct. 3. I was talking to Marc. But when my boyfriend came in, I could not talk to Marc anymore. A. I stopped to talk to him. B. I stopped talking to him. C. Both possibilities are correct. 4. We might go to England next year. A. We intend to spend our holiday in England. B. We intend spending our holiday in England. C. Both possibilities are correct. 5. I wanted to write a letter, but I didn't know what to write. (So in the end, I didn't write one.) A. I tried to write a letter. B. I tried writing a letter. C. Both possibilities are correct. 6. I am sorry now for something I said earlier on. A. I regret to say this. B. I regret saying this. C. Both possibilities are correct. 7. She read the text. Then she stopped. Now I want her to continue with the text. A. Go on to read. B. Go on reading. C. Both possibilities are correct. 8. You think your computer does not work, but you just haven't switched on the monitor yet. A. Your computer does not work? Try to switch on the monitor. B. Your computer does not work? Try switching on the monitor. C. Both possibilities are correct. 9. The joke was so funny, that he bursted out in laughter. A. He started to laugh. B. He started laughing. C. Both possibilities are correct. 10. Yesterday I remembered that last year I got sick on your carpet. A. I remembered to get sick on your carpet. B. I remembered getting sick on your carpet. C. Both possibilities are correct. KEY 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B . UNIT THREE BY COIN CIDEN CE 1. LISTENING VOCABULARY: IN THE KNOW: This is an adapted true story contributed by a listener to National. something from bad weather: ch nng ta, n náo Test for unit 3 1. Decide if the verbs are followed by a verb in the gerund or in the infinitive form. 1.