Các bớc chuyển một câu chủ động sang một câu bị động: - Xác định chủ ngữ, động từ , tân ngữ và thì của câu chủ động - Chuyển tân ngữ của câu chủ động sang làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động chñ[r]
(1)REVISION FOR THE 1ST SEMESTER – Grade A: revision tenses Tenses 1.The S present (HiÖn t¹i đơn) The Present Continuous (HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn) The Pr Perfect (HTHT) The P.perfect continuous HTHTTD) The S Past ( Qk) The Past Continuous (QKTD) The Past Perfect : (QKHT) Form Tr¹ng tõ thêng gÆp S + bare-V/V-s/V-es - always, ofen, usually,frequentyl S+do/does not+ y bare-V Do/Does+ S+ bare-V sometimes=occasi onally, ? rarely=seldom, once or tiwce a week, never S+ am/is/ are+ Vat the moment, at ing the time,Verb! S + am/is/are+ not+ (look!, listen!, be quiet) V-ing at present = now Am/is/are+ S+ Ving? S + have/has + for + kho¶ng V3/Ved t.gian since + Mèc t.gian S + have/has +not+ never, ever, just = V3/V-ed recently = lately, Have/Has + S + so far = up to now V3/V-ed? = up to the present= until now,already, yet,this is the first time , several times S + have/has + been for + kho¶ng + V-ing t.gian S+have/has+not+bee since + Mèc t.gian so far = up to now n+V-ing Have/Has + S + been = up to the present= until now + V-ing? S + V2/V-ed S + did + NOT + bare-V Did +S + bare- V? S + was/ were + Ving S + was/ were + not+ V-ing Was/ were + S + Ving? - Yessterday, last (last week /month/ year ), ago, in + year(in 2000 ) At P.m/ at o’clock + Thêi gian QK, all day yesterday S + had + V3/ V-ed before, after, S + had + NOT + by, V3/ V-ed Had + S + V3/ V-ed? S + will/ shall + Vinf S + will/shall + not + Vinf Will/Shall + S +Vinf? I/ Present Simple (Hiện đơn) The S future (TL đơn) PRONUNCIATION Tomorrow, next (next week/ month/ year ), someday, C¸ch dïng vµ vÝ dô * ChØ thãi quen ë hiÖn t¹i - ex: He usually (go) goes to school in the morning * thật không thay đổi - ex: The sun (rise) rises in the East * Chỉ hành động xảy thời điểm nói - It (rain) is raining now - Lan (eat) is eating at preent - Listen! She (sing) is singing * Chỉ hành động xảy qk t.gian không xác định ex: She (vêsit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times * Chỉ hành động bắt đầu QK mà còn tiếp tục đến hiÖn t¹i - We (learn) have learnt English for years - My mother (be) has been sick sinse yesterday - Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt * Dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động khởi quá khứ kéo dài đến và còn tiếp tục tơng lai - She (wait) has been waiting to see you since o’ clock - He (work) has been working in this factory for years * số việc xảy thời điểm xác định quá khø - She (meet) met him yesterday - Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last nigh * Chỉ hành động xảy điểm thời gian xác định QK - At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home * Chỉ hành động cùng xảy song song QK - My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching TV * Chỉ hành động xảy QK thì hành động khác xen vào -When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident *Diễn tả hành động xảy QK trớc hành động kh¸c hoÆc thêi ®iÓm QK - Before 1975, he (work) had worked in that factory - When I (come) come, he (leave) had left by o’clock - After he (graduate) had graduated, he (go) went abroad Diễn tả hành động xảy tơng lai - Tomorrow he (visit ) will viisit me - She (stay) will stay at next Monday (2) - Các động từ kết thúc là sh, ch, ss, o, x thì sang ngôi he, she , it thêm es Eg : I wash He washes I watch He watches I go He goes I miss He misses - Sau các phụ âm k, p, t s đợc đọc là /s/ - Sau các trờng hợp còn lại s đợc đọc là /z/ - Sau các phụ âm sh, ch, ss, x đuôi es đợc đọc là iz - Những động từ tận cùng là phụ âm + y thì sang ngôi he, she, it y đổi thành i trớc thêm es Eg : I study He studies - Những động từ tận cùng là nguyên âm + y, biến đổi bình thờng sang ngôi he, she, it Eg: I play, he plays Exercise 1: Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời Hans Huser is a ski-instructor He is Swiss and he lives in Villars, a village in the mountains In summer he works in a sports shop and in winter he teaches skiing He speaks languages: French, German, Italian and English He is married and has two children He plays football with them in his free time He's happy with his family 1/ What / Hans Huser / do? 2/ Where/ he / come / from? 3/ he / live / city? 4/ Where / he / work / summer? 5/ What / / winter? 6/ How many languages / he / speak? 7/ he / single? 8/ How many children / he / have? 9/ What / he / / free time? 10/ he / happy / family? Exercise 2: Đọc đoạn văn sau, điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống , sau đó dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời Alan is a lorry -driver He's 25 years .He works five days week Every morning he gets up at o'clock He eats enormous breakfast at 6.30 He two cups of tea Then he kisse .wife He leaves for work at 7.30 He lunch in a transport cafe He home at o'clock In the evening he goes to the pub He goes to at 10.30 1/ What / Alan / ? 2/ How many days / week / he work? 3/ What time / he get up? 4/ he / drink coffee / morning? 5/ What time he / leave / work? II/ Present Continuous (HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn) Exercise 1: Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời It's a Sunday morning The sun is shining Mary is watching TV in her room Her father is reading newspapers Her mother is cooking in the kitchen Mary has got a dog It is playing with a cat in the garden It's a nice dog and Mary loves it very much 1/ sun / shine ? 2/ What Mary / / now ? 3/ father / read / newspapers ? 4/ What / mother / ? 5/ What / dog / ? Exercise 2: Đọc lá th sau dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời Dear Tom, Now I'm in Rio I'm staying in a big hotel It's very beautiful but expensive In the morning I usually go to the beach I sometimes go shopping in the afternoon There are a lot of goods but I don't have much money In the evening I usually stay in my room and watch TV At the moment, I'm eating a delicious cake and writing this letter to you Tomorrow I'm going to the Trade Exhibition in the city centre Well, let me stop now, Give my love to everyone Love, Susan Where / Susan / stay ? Where / she / go / morning ? What / she / / evening ? What / she / / at the moment ? III.Thời tơng lai đơn (will/ shall) (3) Exercise 1: Chia động từ ngoặc 1/ - Hai has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg - I'm sorry to hear that I (visit) him 2/ Look at those clouds It (rain) 3/ What are you going to with that dress ? - I (shorten) it 4/ I've hired a typerwriter and I (learn) to type 5/ Listen to this ! I think this news (surprise) you VI Simple Past (Quá khứ đơn) PRONONCIATION *Cách đọc đuôi ed : - Đuôi ed đợc đọc là /id/ đứng sau t và d : Eg : wanted needed - Đuôi ed đợc đọc là / t / đứng sau k, p, sh, ch, ss, x Eg : - stopped, washed, watched, missed, fixed, cooked - Đuôi ed đợc đọc là d sau các trờng hợp còn lại Exercise1 : Chia động từ ngoặc 1/ Minh (be) very tired when I (see) him yesterday 2/ My father usually (work) hours a day, but yesterday he (start) at 9.00 a.m and (finish) at 9.00 p.m 3/ It usually (rain) a lot in summer but it (rain) a little last summer 4/ -When John (leave) home? -He (leave) minutes ago 5/ What you (do) last Sunday? - I (have) a holiday in New York Exercise2 : Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời Last year David went to Barcelona for his holiday He went by air and stayed in a big hotel in the city centre He stayed there for days When he was there, he visited many beautiful places in Barcelona He took many photographs and bought a lot of souvenirs for his friends He enjoyed the holiday very much 1/ When / David / go / Barcelona? 2/ How long / stay? 3/ How / he / go / Barcelona? 4/ Where / he / stay 5/ he / take / a lot / photographs VII Past Continuous (Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn) Exercise1 : Chia động từ ngoặc 1/ When I (arrive) at his house, he still (sleep) 2/ The light (go) out while we (have) dinner 3/ The last time I (see) him, he (wear) a grey suit 4/ Just as I (leave) , a student (stop) me in the hall 5/ Nam (play) football when he (break) his leg 6/ We (drink) a lot of beer at the party the day before yesterday 7/ They (build) a new bridge when I was there months ago 8/ He (sit) in a cafe when I saw him 9/ My company (make) a lot of profits years ago 10/ What you (do) when I phoned you on Monday ? VIII Present Perfect (HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh) Exercise1 : Chia động từ ngoặc 1/ My wife and I (be) there several times in the past 2/ We (study) almost every lesson in this book so far 3/ He (visit) his friends recently 4/ - You (see) her today ? - No, I haven't seen her yet 5/ She (do) her homework already 6/ They never (go) to the cinema in their life 7/ Tom, I (not see) you for ages ! Where have you been ? 8/ He is the most kind-hearted man I ever (meet) 9/ There (be) accidents on this street in the past days 10/ Is this the first time you (visit) our beautiful country ? B: “ Tenses’’ and “wish” I.EXERCISE 1-Choose the best options to complete the sentences below (4) They are pen pals They (are writing/ write/ has written/ wrote) each other twice a month I was very (impressed/ corresponded/ comprised/ interested) by the efficiency of the staff We must learn English at school It is a/an (primary/ compulsory/ national/ optional) subject I wish you (were / are / would be/ will be) here with us now 2-Choose the best word/words in brackets My friend .to the museum last weekend (goes, went, had gone) My grandfather many years ago (dies, died, has died, was dying) I .my son the money for that last week (gave, given, have given, was given) The earth .around the sun (go, went, has gone, goes) He .her walk through the park two hours ago (sees, saw / has seen) 3-Supply the correct tense form of the verbs in brackets She usually dinner for the family (cook) They their mother with the housework everyday (help) Mr Brown .in Birmingham ten years ago (live) There .a traffic jam in the center of the city almost last year (be) The students the final test everymonth (have) 4-Choose the best options to complete the sentences below: Are you (enjoying– waiting– looking– pleasing) your staying in Vietnam? She wishes (can– can’t – could – couldn’t) swim well Vietnamese people are (friend – friends – friendship – friendly) We’ve (corresponded–separated–impressed–prayed) for ten years, but we have never met him 5-Choose the best word/words in brackets My friend .to the museum now (goes, went, is going) My grandfather TV at the moment (watches/ is watching/ was watching) Tom was taking a photograph of me while I (don’t look/ isn’t looking/ wasn’t looking) I soccer at that time (am playing/ was playing/play) Look! It’s (is snowing/ was snowing / snows) 6-Give the correct form of the verbs in the blankets: He (paint) the ceiling at the moment Last night I read in bed when suddenly I heard a scream (You/watch) television when I phoned you? Ann (wait) for me when I arrived I (not/drive) very fast when the accident happened 7-Give the correct form of the verbs in the blankets: My brother (join) …………………the army when he (be) ……………young Tom (study) ……………chemistry for three years and then he gave it up Miss Lee often (write) …………………when she was on holiday He (leave) …………………………home two weeks ago When the teacher came in, the pupils (play) …………games Columbus (discover) ………America more then 400 years ago I last (see) ……………………him since last Sunday She (play) …………………the piano when our guest (arrive) ………last night The light (go) ……………out when we (have) …… dinner 10 What ……………you (do) ……………at PM last night? 8-Supply the correct tense form of the verbs in brackets The children basketball now (play) She usually dinner for the family (cook) The boys a play for their school show on T.V at the moment (rehearse) They their mother with the housework everyday (help) There a traffic jam in the center of the city almost every day since last year (be) Lan some flowers for her teacher last Sunday (buy) The Pikes dinner at o’clock last night (have) She Bangkok two years ago (visit) ii.Cách dùng động từ “wish” Động từ “wish” (ớc ao, mong ớc) thờng đợc dùng để diễn tả ớc muốn, điều không có thật hoÆc rÊt khã thùc hiÖn 1.Future wish: (íc muèn ë t¬ng lai) (5) CÊu tróc: S + wish(es) + S + Would + V VÝ dô: I wish I would go to the moon tomorrow My mother wishes she would visit London some day 2.Present wish: (íc muèn ë hÖn t¹i) Cấu trúc: S + wish(es) + S + V (động từ to be chia were/ động từ thờng chia quá khứ) VÝ dô: I wish I were at the seaside now He wiskes he could speak English fluently Complete these sentences: I wish I (can) speak English perfectly I wish……… ………… ………… … …………………… I wish I (can) this exercise I wish……… ….………… ….………………………… I wish I (know) how to swim I wish……… ………….… ……… ……………………… I wish the weather (be) better today I wish……… ………… ………… ….…………………… I wish I (not have to) work on Saturday I wish……… ………… ………… ….…………………… I wish you (not come) here late I wish……… ………… ………… … ……………………… I wish I (will be) there soon I wish……… ………… ………… ….…………………… I don’t know anyone in this class I wish……… ………… ………… ….………… The dictionary is very expensive I wish……… ………… … ….…………… 10 It’s a pity that my room is too small! I wish……… ………… ………… ….………… C: câu bị động Các bớc chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động: - Xác định chủ ngữ, động từ , tân ngữ và thì câu chủ động - Chuyển tân ngữ câu chủ động sang làm chủ ngữ câu bị động chñ ng÷ t©n ng÷ I me you you he him she he it it we us they them -Viết động từ "to be" thì câu chủ động - Chuyển động từ câu chủ động sang dạng P2 câu bị động -ViÕt tiÕp c¸c thµnh phÇn kh¸c nÕu cã -Viết "by" chuyển chủ ngữ câu chủ động sang làm tân ngữ cho câu bị động ex: Nguyen Du wrote Kieu story many years ago S V O - Kieu story was written by Nguyen Du Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động Mary does some exercises everyday My aunt makes a good cake Workers repair the roof of my school The new teacher teaches English Sleepy drivers often cause accidents English people like football Alice visits her grandparents every week My grandfather keeps old photographs in these boxes 2-Cho dạng đúng động từ ngoặc đơn chú ý thì và thể chủ động hay bị động động từ: 1.Yesterday our teacher (arrive) minutes late 2.Newspapers(read) by over 200.000 people everyday 3.When I (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I (meet) by my family 4.A new school (build) in our village last month 5.Peter (do) this work last week (6) 6.That homework (do) by Tom 7.The Eiffel Tower (visit) by millions of people every year 8.They (write) this essay yesterday 9.This computer (buy) yesterday by my father 10.I (clean) my house everyday D: C©u trùc tiÕp –Gi¸n tiÕp *Những thay đổi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp : -Đổi ngôi, đổi thì, từ thời gian và nơi chốn theo quy tắc -Khi chuyÓn tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp ta ph¶i lïi th× §æi tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn *C¸c d¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp chuyÓn sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp: 1-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u ph¸t biÓu: *C«ng thøc: Trùc tiÕp: S + said, “ S +V ” >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + said + (that) S + V(lïi th×) VD: Lan said: “I am a student” >Lan said (that) she was a student 2-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u cÇu khiÕn, c©u mÖnh lÖnh: *C«ng thøc: +Khẳng định: Trùc tiÕp: S + say/ said, “V…” >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + tell/ told + O + to + V…… VD: She said, “Close the books, please!” >She told the students to close the books +Phủ định: Trùc tiÕp: S + say/ said, “Don’t + V…” >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + tell/ told + O + not + to + V…… VD: She said, “Don’t sit down!” >She told me not to sit down 3.Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi đảo (Yes/ No- questions) *C«ng thøc: VD: Trùc tiÕp: Do/ Does/ Did + S + V-nd….? >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V-lïi th×… “Do you go to school?” he said >He asked me whether/ if I went to school 4-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: (Wh-questions) *C«ng thøc: Trùc tiÕp: Tõ hái + do/ does/ did + S + V-nd….? >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + tõ hái + S + V-lïi th×… VD: “Where you live?” he said >He asked me where I lived 5.Dạng động từ khuyết thiếu: Trùc tiÕp: Tõ hái + can/ shall/ will+ S + V-nd….? >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + Tõ hái + S + could/ should/ would + V-nd… VD: Mary said to Nam, “How can you speak English?” >Mary asked Nam how he could speak English Note:Nếu câu hỏi với will/ shall…diễn tả yêu cầu, lời mời, đề nghị có thể chuyển sang câu gián tiếp dạng câu hỏi hoÆc c©u cÇu khiÕn VD: He said, “Will you open the door?” >He asked me to open the door (He asked me If I would open the door) i- reported statements: “ I’ll see you tomorrow’’ She said “ I saw her today’’ She said “I don’t like this film’’ She said “ We went swimming today’’ She said “ I’ll meet Mary on Sunday’’ She said “ Peter and Sue are getting married tomorrow’’ He said “I really like this furniture’’ She said “ I’m meeting them at four o’clock today’’ He said “ I live here with my parents’’ He said (7) 10 “ Our new house is beautiful’’ He said II- reported yes – no questions “Do you want to buy any second – hand books?’’ Bill asked me……… “Do you play any musical instruments?’’=> Lan asked me………… “Will you have time to play regularly? ’’=> Bill asked me………… “Do you play for your school team?’’ => Lan asked me………… “Can you speak any other languages?’’ He asked me “Are you interested in learning English?’’ => Lan asked me………… “Is there a phone?’’ => Lan asked me………… “Do you have many friends?’’ He asked me “Can you speak English?’’ => Lan asked me………… 10 “Are you working as well as studying?’’ He asked me 11 “Are you interested in acting?’’ => Lan asked me………… III- Wh-questions: “Why you have to this work?’’ He asked me “What are you doing?” => He asked Lan…… “What will you when you leave school?” => Lan asked me………… “How did you know my name?” => He asked Lan…… “Why didn’t you phone me?” => He asked Lan…… “When can I see the doctor?” => Lan asked me………… “Where are you going?” => He asked Lan…… “Where are you going to spend the holiday?” => Lan asked me………… “How big are the classes?” => He asked Lan…… 10 “What sorts of food they serve?” => Lan asked me………… E: Reported and preposion of time A.Tæng hîp “ Who wrote that book?” He asked Ba “Did you stay at home last night?”, She asked me “I’m very tired now” said Hoa “Where does she go every evening?” Lan asked her brother “Will you come to my house for dinner?” He asked me “ Why don’t we go jogging?” Ba said to us “ The test isn’t easy enough for us to do.” We said “How was you yesterday? He asked her “I haven’t seen that film for a long time” Nga said to us 10 “ She wanted to know how to use this computer” Ha said 11 Nam said: “ Can you help me ?” 12 “Do you play soccer well?”, he asked 13 The teacher asked “ Where you go yesterday?” 14 He said to us: “Open your books, please.” 15 “are you student now?” He asked me B preposion of time I Choose the suitable prepositions in brackets Ba and Tam usually go fishing the weekends (on, in, from, at) The students will visit the capital .the summer (on, in, at, of) They heard a very strange noise midnight (on, in, at, out) Our little brother took a long nap from 1p.m .4p.m (till, up, between, at) The competitions will take place 8a.m and 12a.m (from, between, up to, to) She talked an hour to persuade her parents (in, for, at, up to) They have learned English many years (since, for, in, from) The boys often go skiing the winter (in, at, on, for) I’ve studied French months (for, since, in) 10 I arrived .the bus stop at in the afternoon (in, at, on, to) (8) F: TAG QUESTION: CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI Có hình thức S+V (khẳng định), Ex: You play…, don’t you? He plays…, doesn’t he? S+V (phủ định), V(phủ định)+S? She is a…., isn’t she? They will go…., won’t they? V(khẳng định)+S? Ex: You don’t play…, you? He doesn’t play…, does he? She isn’t …., is she? 1) Nam did the work well, .? 2) He didn’t have to speak to me, ? 3) He won’t fall down, ? 4) You wouldn’t like the window open, ? 5) He used to beat his wife, ? 6) She came very late, ? 7) Come and see me tomorrow, .? 8) I’d better go, ? 9) There’s an examination tomorrow, .? 10) You can’t play tennis today, ? Good luck to you ! They will not go…., will they? (9)