Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.” Nam said that he was doing his homework then.. * Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp S[r]
(1)Directed speech and reported speech ( Trực tiếp – Gián tiếp) I Lời nới trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp Lời nói trực tiếp: là lặp lại chính xác từ người nói - Lời nói trực tiếp đặt dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy(,) dấu hai chấm(:) - Đôi mệnh đề chính có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý người nói, đôi không cần phải dung đúng từ người nói Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party II Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “ The Sun rises in the East.” My teacher of Geography says ( that ) the Sun rises in the East S1 + says (that) + S2 + V’ + O’ III Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu quá khứ Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.” Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then * Câu trần thuật lời nói gián tiếp ( Statements in reported speech) Statement Reported speech S+V+O said / to Sb (O) + That + S2V2 S1 + told (O) + That + S2V2 talked + about st *Note: Có thể sử dụng số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed… EX: They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month” - They said they would return to Paris the month after Những quy tắc biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp Rule(QTắc) Direct speech (Trực tiếp) Present simple (V/Vs/es) Present progressive (is/am/are+Ving) Verbs Present perfect (have/has+VpII) Past simple (Ved) (Động từ) Past progressive (was/were +Ving) Past perfect Future simple (will +V) Near future (is/am/are +going to+V) Reported speech (Gián tiếp) Past simple (Ved) Past progressive (was/were+Ving) Past perfect (had+VPII) Past perfect (had +VpII) Past progressive/ Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving) Past perfect Future in the past (would +V) Was/were +going to +V (2) Modal verbs Adverb of place Adverb of time Subject /Object Will Can May Must This These Here Now Today Yesterday The day before yesterday Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Ago This week Last week Last night Next week I / me We /our You/you Would Could Might Must/Had to That Those There Then That day The day before/ the previous day Two days before The day after/the next (following)day Two days after/ in two days’ time Before That week The week before/ the previous week The night before The week after/ the following week She, he /Her, him They/ us I, we/ me, us *Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Orders, requests, offers, advice… in indirect speech) Order V+O Reported speech Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive S1 + Offered/recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive *Note: Có thể sử dụng số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested, begged, promised, advised, invited, reminded… * Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech) Questions Yes/No questions Auxiliary + S + V + O? (Do/does/did/had/will) Wh – questions WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O? Reported speech S1 + asked (+ Object) + If/whether + S2V2 S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2 *Note: Có thể sử dụng số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered, wanted to know… * Lưu ý, trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, chân lí hay thói quen EX: My father said “New York is bigger than London” - My father said that New York is bigger than London The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth” - The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast” - Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast (3) Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better EX: My friend said, “You had better contact with her” - My friend said that I had better contact with her Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II câu điều kiện loại II He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait” - He said that if he were me he wouldn’t wait Thời quá khứ đơn quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian các định thuộc mệnh đề thời gian She said, “My mother arrived on Monday” - She said that her mother arrived on Monday He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis” - He said when he saw them they were playing tennis I Turn these sentences into Reported speech She said,” I can’t find my umbrella” _ They said, “We are learning English now” _ “ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said _ “ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend” _ “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said _ “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said _ “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor _ “ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students _ “ I came back here early yesterday,” she said _ “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said _ “ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl _ He said to her, “You are my friend.” _ Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to this axercise.” _ “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the chidren _ Marry said, “My father died a year ago” _ John said, “I have finished studying my lesson” _ Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John” _ “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend _ He said, “I don’t know what happened.” (4) She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.” He said, “I have a toothache.” She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.” They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.” He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.” She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.” He said, “I have received the envelope.” They said, “We visited Cannery Row.” 10 She said, “I feel very sick.” 11 He said, “I bought some popcorn.” 12 They said, “We’re flying to California.” 13 He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.” Nam said, “my uncle often plants the vegetables in the afternoon.” …………………………………………………………………… … “My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said ……………………………………………………………………………… “Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said …………………………………………………………………………… She said, “I often listen to music at night.” ……………………………………………………… Lan’s mother said, “ My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.” ………………………………………………………………………………… They said, “We have to the assignments now.” …………………………………………………………… Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.” ……………………………………………………… They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.” ………………………………………………………………………… Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.” ………………………………………………………… II Change the sentences below into direct speech My mother told me that she was sad then _ One of my friends said that she liked learning English with her teacher _ The doctor told me that I could leave the hospital that day _ (5) The film director said that she was willing to work then _ The teacher told his students that he would be busy the following month _ Tom invited me to his birthday party _ She said the doctor had written her a prescription He said that he had a toothache She said she went to the museum every day 10 They said they were going to the supermarket 11 She said that the doctor had given her some pills 12 He said he had received the report III Change the following sentences into reported speech: She said to him: “give me another glass of wine” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… She said to me: “bring me a book” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… Mother said to him: “open the window please!” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… He said to me: “shut the door after you” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… She told her: “take it and come with me” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 The teacher said: “I am a teacher” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 She said to me “I have a big house” (6) ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 She said to me : “I am going to the party” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 She said to me: “I gave him your letter.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 She said: “I have finished my work.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Nam said: “I am not a pupil.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 Nam said: “I am going to Ho Chi Minh city.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 He said to me: “I have gone to your house.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 She says: “I knew your difficulties.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 He said to me: “I gave him your present.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 He asked me: “Who is Oliver Twist?” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 My mother asked me: “What‘s the matter with you?” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 I asked him: “Which book you find?” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 He asked me: “When you finish your work?” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 25 Mai asked me: “Why didn’t you come?” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 She says: “She had a wonderful evening.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 The teacher tells us: “You should learn harder and harder.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 My mother says that: “We are having a party tomorrow.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 29 I say to him: “Our teacher will come on time.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 30 Mai‘s parents say that: “We are going to invite twenty guests to the party.” ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… _ The end _ (7) (8) (9)