English for Education

Higher education: When students graduate from high school, they may go to the college or university.. They are more than 3,000 colleges and universities in the United States.[r]

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION (Amended and supplemerited 2nd edition)

Compiled by: Le Kim Dung, MA (Chief author)

Nguyen Thi Ha, MA INTRODUCTION

Brief description of the book

Material collection This book is a theme-based collection of units developed for master learners at Hanoi University of Education For the most part, the texts were selected from various sources available on the Internet; the rest is from other books All the exercises, however, were designed by us The selection of the texts and the design of the exercises have been done with great concern for the needs and interests of our learners who are teachers involving in different fields of education (Nursery I Education, Primary Education, Special Education), as well as educators and educational managers

Construction of the book The book contains ten units (about 350-400 words/each) dealing with different topics in education: educational system, curriculum, testing, management, current issues Each unit opens with vocabulary work to prepare the learners for their later reading The text will be followed by the comprehension check with a wide range of tasks to make sure that the learners have a thorough understanding of the text and to acquaint learners with different reading skills The speaking part will take learners back to their real working environment to talk about facts and problems, to express their own opinion on different aspects of education in Vietnam The writing has been compiled with a moderate aim of giving some guide and creating a favourable ground to the development of summary writing skill based on notes (from a discussion), or from a text Each unit ends with consolidation which, as its name suggests, focuses on the consolidation of vocabulary essential for the topic

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION (Amended and supplemerited 2nd edition)

Compiled by: Le Kim Dung, MA (Chief author)

Nguyen Thi Ha, MA INTRODUCTION

Brief description of the book

Material collection This book is a theme-based collection of units developed for master learners at Hanoi University of Education For the most part, the texts were selected from various sources available on the Internet; the rest is from other books All the exercises, however, were designed by us The selection of the texts and the design of the exercises have been done with great concern for the needs and interests of our learners who are teachers involving in different fields of education (Nursery I Education, Primary Education, Special Education), as well as educators and educational managers

discussed At the end of the book, we also provide More supplementaryreadings for those who wish to spend more time exploring the language, Used in education All the kind of language supplied in this book will be crucial for learners to be partially successful in participating in some activities in which the language is instructional tool

Intended conduction of the course

For the formal study, the course should be conducted as follows:

Number of credit: credits (90 class hours at 45 minutes each)

Time: for the second and final phase of the English Language Course for master learners (Total class hours: 210) at Hanoi University of Education

Pre-requisites: learners should have successfully completed the first phase of the English Language Course for master learners This means that they now should have sufficient knowledge of the language and learning skills to successfully deal with and to fully appreciate what is presented during this ESP (English for specific purpose) course

Objectives

By the end of the course the students should be able to

- Read and comprehend small pieces of authentic materials closely related to their fields of study

- Scan for needed information

- Skim for general ideas

- Identify main / supporting ideas in a reading

- Guess the meaning of new words and terms based in the context of the reading

- Summarize an article/ a discussion within 100-150 words

- Describe or comment on different topics of education

- Build up a live vocabulary concerning learners' major of about 1000 words

- Get involved in follow-up activities (Qs and As, comments, etc.) after reading a text

- Translate small pieces of language (phrases, sentences, mini readings ) from English into Vietnamese and vice versa

Assessment of this ESP course

There are two types of assessment:

Informal: on-going assessment for which learners are not graded but it is a way for the teacher to determine how well the learners are doing

Formal: assessment of any work done by the learners that is evaluated and results in grades This will include:

- Class participation: 10%

- Completion of homework: 30%

- Midcourse test: 60%

The grading learners get from this ESP course will be added (at the rate of 40% on the total) to the final score of the whole English language course for master learners

UNIT THE EDUCATION SUSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES UNIT SCHOOLING

UNIT BASIC CURRICULAR STRUCTURE

UNIT NURSERY AND PROSCHOOL EDUCATION

UNIT EDUCATION OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS UNIT CHOICES FOR SCHOOL LEAVERS

UNIT COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

UNIT REPORT ON THE COST OF UNIVERSITY LIFE UNIT STANDARDED TESTING

UNIT THE EDUCATION SUSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

* VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

grade(n)

1 School education is usually from grade to grade 12

2 At the end of grade 12, students prepare hard to go to university

system(n)

1 The public transport system in Hanoi is not good They are only buses which are usually crowded

2 The United States has one of the best democratic systems of governments in the world

include(v)

1 This price does not include VAT, so you have to pay 10% more

2 School education includes 12 years, while university education usually needs years

graduate(n)

1 A school graduate can either go, to university or start looking for a job

2 A graduate is a student who has finished university

prepare(v)

1 Every student has to prepare carefully for their exam to enter university

2 Have you prepared everything for your trip?

preparatory(adj.)

2 If they want to this job, they need a preparatory training

vary(v)- various (adj.)

1 They have tables of various sizes: small, big, and medium

2 Not all sharks are the same They vary in weight and in size

vocational(adj.)

1 Vocational schools prepare students for various kinds of work

2 Vocational schools train workers with various skills

private(adj.)

1 It looks like a hotel, but in fact it's a private house

2 The public is usually interested in the private lives of the famous people

aid(v), (n)

1 My lesson becomes more interesting when I use teaching aids, such as pictures, films, cassette players and power point

2 He needs a hearing aid to hear better

available(adj.)

1 This is the only available room in the hotel You not have any other choice

2 Stamps are available at any post office

tuition(n)

1 Students in most universities have to pay tuition fee (money for their study)

2 Children in primary schools in Vietnam not have to pay tuition

Use the new words given in Vocabulary in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences — 8:

1 He should everything well, so that he will be able to start his new life as soon as he arrives

3 I am… in the afternoon, so you can come and see me any time then

4 They did not go to the party for… reasons

5 School leavers who not wish to go to university need… guidance to know which job is suitable for them

6 School usually starts with…

7 His method of work has little…

8 Thang Long is the first… university in Vietnam

* READING

THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES

Elementary school: Most children in the United States start school when they are five years old They go to kindergarten for one year and, then start first, grade when they are six The first school is called "elementary school", or "grade school" American children usually start to read when they are in the first and second grades The also begin to learn arithmetic and simple science and history

Junior high school: After elementary school, children go to "junior high school" (sometimes it is called "middle school") In most 'sehoO1 systems junior high school includes seventh, eighth, and ninth grades, but sometimes it is only the seventh and eighth grades Junior high school students are usually 12 to 14 years old

High school: High school (grades 10, 11 and 12) comes after junior high school Students usually graduate from high school when they are 17 or 18 There are different kinds of high schools Some high schools prepare students to go to college (college-preparatory high schools) Other high schools prepare students for' various kinds of work (vocational high schools) Many high schools have both college-preparatory courses and vocational courses

Higher education: When students graduate from high school, they may go to the college or university They are more than 3,000 colleges and universities in the United States

to help students pay at least part of their tuition Some form of higher education is available to every high school graduate

Age Grade School

5 Kindergarten Elementary School

6 – 10 - Elementary School

11 – 13 - Middle School / Junior High School

14 - 17 - 12 High School

18+ College / University

(Source: Developing Reading Skills, pp 67-68)

COMPREHENSION CHECK

I Read the following statements and say whether they are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG) according to the information from the text.

…1 Elementary school means the same as grade school

…2 Children not the reading when they reach the third grade

…3 Junior high school means the same as high school

…4 Every junior high school includes seventh, eighth, and ninth grades

Students can graduate from high school when they are 17

All high schools have the same courses

…7 Vocational courses are for those who are not academically good

You can not find both college-preparatory courses and vocational courses in the same high school

School graduate can choose either a private or state college or university

10 Students can get money from the government for their study

a kindergarten

b elementary school

c junior high school

d high school

e college

1 the six years between kindergarten and junior high school

2 the three years after junior high school

3 the year before elementary school

4 the three years after elementary school

5 after high school

Answer: 1… 2… 3… 4… 5…

* SPEAKING

Work in group and discuss these questions about your country. When children start school in your country?

2 Do children go to kindergarten? How long is kindergarten? Is it compulsory? Is it good for children?

3 How many years children spend in elementary school, junior high school and high school? Do you think this division is reasonable?

4 Do high schools prepare children for various kind of work? Or they prepare them to go to college only?

5 How many colleges and universities are there in Vietnam ? How many of them are private ones?

6 Do students pay tuition when they go to school or university? Are they cheap or expensive? Can they get financial aid? If yes, where can they get it?

* WRITING

Base on your answers in Speaking to write a short introduction (of about 150 words) about education system in Vietnam

* CONSOLIDATION

a Tru?ng ti?u h?c

b Tru?ng trung h?c co s?

c Tru?ng trung h?c ph? thông

d H? th?ng tru?ng h?c

e H?c sinh t?t nghi?p ph? thơng

f Nhi?u lo?i hình ngh? nghi?p khác

g Tru?ng d?y ngh?

h Chuong trình ơn thi vào d?i h?c

i Tr? c?p v? tài

k H?c phí b?c d?i h?c

2 Translate the following sentences into English:

a H?c sinh thu?ng t?t nghi?p ph? thông vào nam 18 tu?i

b H?u h?t t?nh c? nu?c d?u có tru?ng d?y ngh?

c H?c sinh l?p 12 thu?ng ph?i chu?n b? r?t c?n th?n cho kì thi vào d?i h?c

d Sinh viên d?i h?c có th? nh?n du?c s? giúp d? v? m?t tài t? ph?

UNIT SCHOOLING

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

* VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

compulsory (adj.)

1 Is History a compulsory subject at school? Does every student have to learn it?

2 It is not compulsory for everybody to attend this meeting You can stay at home

mandatory (adj.)

1 In our company, attendance is mandatory at all meetings

2 In Vietnam, primary education is mandatory Every child has to go to school

require (v) — requirement (n)

1 The situation requires quick actions Otherwise, it will be too late!

2 Ourimmediate requirement is extra teachers for evening classes

data (n)

1 Very little data on Vietnam's education system is available in our library

2 If you want to a survey, you have to collect data, then analyse it

enrol (v) — enrolment (n)

1 For in-service programs, more students enroll in evening classes than in day classes because during the day they have to go to work

2 Every year, this school has an enrolment of about 800 students

participate (+in) (v)

2 Which countries will be participating in the World Cup this year?

contrary (to) (adj.)

1 It's surprising that they get on well They have contrary beliefs about different things

2 'Hot' and 'cold' have contrary meanings

curriculum (n)

1 Our school's curriculum includes many subjects, such as maths, physics, literature

2 Who are responsible for the development of school curriculum in your„country?

pressure (n)

1 I can not stand working at high pressure

2 High blood pressure is very dangerous

concern (n & v)

1 There's no need to concern yourself with this matter We are solving it ourselves

2 In recent years, public concern about education has considerably grown

extreme (n & adj.) - extremely (adv) - extremism (n) The north pole is in the extreme north of the earth

2 He holds extremely odd views about politics

hamper (v)

1 Our plan was hampered by the bad weather

2 The traffic jam hampered him from getting there in time

social (adj.)- socialize (+with) (v)

1 Every country has to face a lot of social problems

Use the new words given in Vocabulary in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences - 10:

1 Last year I attended a… development course in Bangkok

2 This work… a good knowledge of deep sea life

3 He was once terribly shy, but now he's gone to the opposite…

4 If you go to this party, you will have a good opportunity to… withyour new colleagues

5 Is military service… your country?

6 He was not able to get enough… for his research

7 She left home to escape the… in her family's formal way of life

8 Our main…is that they are not receiving enough help

9 If you want to… in this college, you have to finish all the necessary papers

10 Few people will… in this competition It's too dangerous

* READING

SCHOOLING

Read quickly through the text and match the headings (A-E) with their appropriate paragraphs (1-4) There is one odd heading.

A The reasons for homeshooling

B School attendance

C Homeschooling - not a good alternative

D Schooling-study and break

E Popularity of public school

1…

attend school varies from state to state Most children begin primary education with kindergarten at the age of or 6, and complete their secondary education at the age of 18 Typically, mandatory education starts with first grade (kindergarten is often not compulsory) Some states allow students to leave school at age 16, before finishing high school; other states require students to stay in school until age 18

2…

Most parents send their children to either a public or private institution According to government data, one-tenth of students are enrolled in private schools However, approximately 85% of students enter the public schools, largely because they are "free" Students attend school for around eight hours per day, 185 days per year Most schools have a summer break period for about two and half months from June through August This break is much longer than the one in many other nations Originally, "summer vacation" allowed students to participate in the harvest period during the summer

3…

Less than 5% of parents choose to educate their own children at home They so for various reasons Some parents see nonreligious education as contrary to their moral or religious systems Others feel that they can more effectively tailor a curriculum to suit their 'children's strengths and weaknesses, especially those with learning disabilities Still others feel that the negative social pressures of schools (such as bullying, drugs, crime, and other school-related problems) are bad for a child's development Parents often form groups to help each other in the homeschooling process

4…

Many people are against homeschooling Some of their concerns include fears of poor academic quality, loss of income for the schools, and religious or social extremism Furthermore, some believe that removing children from the school environment could hamper their ability to socialize with peers their own age

COMPREHENSION CHECK

I Read the following statements and say whether they are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG) according to the information from the text.

…1 Every child in the States has to go to school at the same age

…2 Children can leave school at 16 only when they have health problems

…3 As many students enroll in public schools as they in private ones

…4 Like every other nation, the States allow a summer break of two and a half months

…5 Not as much as 5% of parents educate their children at home

…6 Some parents feel that they can work out a more suitable curriculum for their children

…7 Parents who choose to educate their own children at home sometimes meet and help each other with the education of their children

…8 One opposition homeschooling is the concern that, children would not have sufficient activities at home for their study

…9 Teachers' organizations are not in favour of homeschooling

10 Children with homeschooling may lose their chance to socialize with their peers

II Read the text again and answer the following questions:

1 What is usually the school age for children in the United States?

2 Does every state in the United States have the same age requirement at which children can leave school?

3 What kind of school has a bigger student enrolment, public or private schools?

4 Why did students in the United States originally have a long summer break?

5 Name one reason that makes parents choose to educate their own children at home

6 Name one argument that people give against homeschooling

* SPEAKING

Work" in group and discuss these questions about your country.

1 When does mandatory education start in your country? How long is it?

2 Does the government require a certain age at which children can leave school?

3 Is private school popular in your country? Which attracts more students, public or private school? Why?

4 Do you have homeschooling? If yes, why some parents choose to it?

5 'Education should be mandatory to children' Give one reason to support/ oppose this opinion

* WRITING

Base on your answers in Speaking to write a short introduction (of about 150 words) about schooling in Vietnam

* CONSOLIDATION

1 Find from the text equivalents for the following Vietnamese words and phrases:

b Tu?i di h?c

c Tru?ng công / tru?ng tu

d Các s? li?u c?a ph?

e Ð?n tru?ng h?c

f Giai don? ngh? hè

g Các ho?t d?ng l?p

h Do nhi?u nguyên nhân khác

i Xây d?ng chuong trình

k Áp l?c tru?ng h?c

l S? phát tri?n c?a m?t d?a tr?

2 Translate the following sentences into English:

a S? phát tri?n c?a tr? ph? thu?c vào nhi?u y?u t?: gia dình xã h?i

b Do nhi?u nguyên nhân khác nhau, ph?n l?n h?c sinh d?u ch?n h?c ? tru?ng công l?p

c Chúng ta c?n xây d?ng m?t chuong trình h?c phù h?p cho s? phát tr?n c?a h?c sinh

d H?c sinh thu?ng l?p nhóm d? giúp d? h?c t?p

e M?t nh?ng m?i quan tâm l?n nh?t c?a giáo viên ch?t lu?ng d?y h?c

UNIT BASIC CURRICULAR STRUCTURE

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

* VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

counterpart(n)

1 The manager phoned his counterpart, who is the other company's manager to make an appointment

2 Students in the United states not study the same subjects as their counterparts (other students) in other countries

specialize(v)

1 Students who study at the Faculty of English specialize in English Those who study at the Faculty of History specialize in History

2 He is a teacher of mathematics so he specializes in mathematics

sophomore(n)

1 They are in the second year at university They are sophomores

2 In some colleges and university, students don't have to choose their majors until their sophomore year

elective(adj & n)

1 Students can choose either English or German as one subject of foreign language to study at this course They are electives

2 Students can take elective subjects in the field of their study They don't have to study all the subjects

typical(adj.)

1 On a typical day, students at HUE have from ten to twelve class hours

obtain(v)

1 After finishing this course, you can obtain a master degree

2 In order to obtain good degree, you have to study better

concept(n)

1 He can't understand the basic concepts of mathematics

2 Everybody in modern time knows the concept of freedom

offer(v)

1 He offered me a job as a secretary in his company

2 Colleges and Universities offer students a lot of opportunities to look for a job

emphasize(v), emphasis (n)

1 The teacher emphasized the importance of carefulness in doing the final test

2 Some schools put great emphasis on language study

sequence(n)

1 Sequence means a set of events or actions with each following the one before in a particular order

2 We should consider these events in historical sequence

rigidity(n) rigid (adj.)

1 Rigid principles in a high school are very strict rules which make pupils obey seriously

2 The manager didn't agree with the rigidity of her views

Use the new words given above in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences 1 - 8.

1 We should… the importance of language learning in modern time

2 We are students of English so we have to… language study

4 The teacher explained the of sexuality in a very simple way

5 Can students choose their field of study in their… year

6 If you can't pass this exam, you won't be able to…your diploma

7 I have been… a good job in her company

8 His… in that company is a reliable person

* READING

BASIC CURRICULAR STRUCTURE

Some schools in the United States encourage students to take electives in the areas they are considering for a career Generally, at the high school level, they take a broad variety of classes, without special emphasis The curriculum varies widely in quality and rigidity; for example, some states consider 70 (on a 100 point scale) to be a passing grade while others consider it to be 75 and others 60

The following are the typical minimum course sequences that one must take in order to obtain a high school diploma

- Science (biology, chemistry, and physics)

- Mathematics (usually three years minimum, including algebra, geometry, algebra II, and/ or pre - calculus/ trigonometry)

- English (four years)

- Social Science (various history, government, and economics courses, always including American history)

- Physical education (at least one year)

Many states require a "Health" course in which students learn anatomy, nutrition, and first aid; the basic concepts of sexuality and birth control; and why to avoid substances like illegal drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol

Electives

High schools offer a wide variety of elective courses, although the availability of such courses depends upon each particular school's financial situation

Common types of electives include:

- Performing Arts (drama, band, orchestra, dance)

- Shop (woodworking, metalworking, automobile repair)

- Computers (word processing, programming, graphic design)

- Athletics (football, baseball, basketball, track and field, swimming, gymnastics, water polo, soccer)

- Publishing (journalism, yearbook)

- Foreign languages (French, German, and Spanish are common; Chinese, Latin, Greek and Japanese are less common, though Latin is gaining popularity)

(Source: Education in the United States. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecducation—in—the—United—States)

COMPREHENSION CHECK I.Read the passage carefully and answer questions 1-6.

1 What are students sometimes encouraged to ?

……

2 What does the example of "some states consider 70 (on a 100 point scale) to be a passing grade while others consider it to be 75 and others 607 prove?

……

3 What subjects are essential for a high school diploma?

……

4 Does every high school offer the same wide variety of elective courses?

……

5 What factors will decide how many or what electives to be included in the school curriculum?

……

6 The main purpose of this passage is to

b distinguish between compulsory and elective subjects

c introduce the subjects that the students at school

II Look at the table below and match the course with its content:

Course Content

1 Science

2 Mathematics

3 Social Science

4 Visual Arts

5 Performing Arts

6 Athletics

7 Publishing

8 Computers

9 Shop

10 Health

11 Foreign languages

a painting, photography

b woodworking, automobile repair

c journalism

d word processing, programming

e algebra, geometry

f Chinese, Latin, Greek

g drama, dance

h football, baseball, gymnastics

i biology, chemistry

k government and economics courses,

l nutrition, first aid

* SPEAKING

Work in group and discuss these questions about your country.

1 When students begin to specialize into a narrow field of study?

2 Are there elective subjects in the curriculum for a career? If there are, what are they?

3 What is your opinion about elective? Do you think they are useful for students' future career?

4 Does the curriculum vary in different colleges and universities?

6 What are some common types of electives in high schools?

* WRITING

1 Base on your answers in speaking to write a short introduction (of about 150 words) about the basic curricular structure in Vietnam

2 Below is the summary of the text "Basic Curricular Structure" with some words missing Find the words from the text to complete the summary

In the United States , most students start to (a) into their majors in their (b)… year of college

At the high school level, students have a broad variety of subjects without any special (c)… Thus, to obtain a high school (d) students have to take such courses as science, (e)… English, social science and physical education etc Besides, many (f)… courses are also given for students at high schools Visual arts, (g)… which include word processing, programming and graphic design are two (h)… types of electives

* CONSOLIDATION

1 Find from the text equivalents for the following Vietnamese words and phrases.

a Ngành h?c

b Chuyên sâu vào

c Nh?n m?nh d?c bi?t

d Ch?t lu?ng d?y h?c

e Ph?n c?ng c?a chuong trình

f Ði?m d?

g Các môn t? ch?n

h Hoàn c?nh kin t? / di?u ki?n tài

a M?t s? tru?ng ph? thông ? nu?c ta dã b?t d?u dua m?t s? môn h?c t? ch?n vào gi?ng d?y t?i tru?ng

b H?u h?t sinh viên Vi?t Nam d?u ch?n môn chuyên ngành t? nam th? nh?t

c M?c dù giáo d?c th? ch?t không ph?i môn h?c c?a h?u h?t sinh viên nhung ph?i thi d? môn này, em m?i nh?n du?c b?ng t?t nghi?p

d H?c sinh c?n bi?t tránh ma tuý ru?u

e Ði?u ki?n tài c?a tru?ng quy?t d?nh s? lu?ng mơn t? ch?n ? tru?ng dó

UNIT NURSERY AND PROSCHOOL EDUCATION

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

* VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

attend (v) — attendance (n)

1 Not many people attended the lecture yesterday The lecturer was very disappointed

2 80% of school attendance is required for semester exam

the former — the latter (pron)

If I have to choose between fish and meat, I would prefer the former to the latter I've always liked fish

literacy — illiteracy (n)

1 Illiteracy rate in remote areas in our country is still very high

2 Literacy is the ability to read and write

mix (v)— mixture (n)

1 Oil will not mix with water It floats on the surface

2 Air is a mixture of different gases: oxygen, nitrogen

individual (adj.)— individually (adv)

1 Each individual is responsible for his own life

2 The interviewer will talk to each applicant individually

foster (v)

1 He has contributed a lot to foster the development of local industries

2 They know how to foster their children's interests

rank (v)

nursery school attendance

2 I rank her among the country's best writers

distribute (v) — distribution (n)

1 Scholarship is well distributed among advanced students

2 A fair distribution of profits among the work-force is essential

proportion (n)

1 A large proportion of the earth's surface is covered with water

2 The proportion of advanced students to the whole class is 1/3

rate (n)

1 This factory produces cars at a rate of 36 cars per week

2 The pass rate of the university entrance examination is low

diverse (adj.)- diversity (n)

1 Her interests are very diverse: reading, painting and even street skating

2 At the conference you can listen to a wide diversity of opinion

fund (n)

1 UNICEF stands for United Nations Children's Fund

2 We can now send many people abroad under government funds

coordinate (v) — coordination (n)

1 Swimming is a coordination of the whole body's movements

2 The programs were not well - coordinated, so the result was not as good as we expected

contribute (+to) (v)— contribution (n)

1 Everybody in my department contributed one day's pay to help the victims of the flood

2 The whole country have made big contribution of money to charity

impact (+on/ upon) (v)

2 You can see the great impact of new technology on every industry

Use the new words given in Vocabulary in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences - 8:

1 We must… our efforts to ensure the success of the project

2 Is meeting compulsory in your company?

3 The Chairman encouraged everyone… to the discussion

4 The demonstrators the leaflets to passers-by

5 In a forest, one can observe the of plan

6 It is difficult for a teacher to give… attention to all the students in a big class

7 How you… Karpov as a chess player?

8 What is the… of men to women in your country?

* READING

NURSERY AND PRESCHOOL EDUCATION Characteristics of Nursery and Preschool

Children served by nursery programs are usually three- and four-years-old In a nursery program, a child usually attends only two to four hours per day, for three to five half-days per week, and for eight to ten months per year Depending on the program, a child typically encounters a mixture of "curriculum" and social experience The former tends to focus on oral language development and pre-literacy skills, as preparation for elementary school The social experience tends to consist of a mixture of group games and freely - chosen plays organized individually or in stile groups The social experiences are to foster self-confidence and social skills

Extent and Distribution of Nursery and Preschool Programs

nursery attendance vary from virtually 100% in France, Sweden, and Japan to virtually 0% in India and most of Africa Among the economically developed nations, therefore, the United States ranks relatively low in nursery school attendance Its programs are also more diverse than other developed nations, and less well funded and coordinated by national authorities and policies These facts probably contribute to the ongoing concerns and debates in the United States about the quality and impact of nursery and preschool on children's development

(Source: Nursery and Preschool Education by Kelvin L Seifert)

COMPREHENSION CHECK I Read the text and answer the following questions:

1 How long does a child usually attend in a nursery program?

……

2 What does a child typically encounter on the program?

……

3 What does the social experience of nursery school consist of?

……

4 How does the US rank in nursery attendance?

……

5 Which country ranks high in nursery attendance?

……

6 Which country has no nursery attendance?

……

7 What does "the former" in the first paragraph refer to?

……

8 What does "its" in the second paragraph refer to?

or not given (NG) according to the information from the text.

Children served by nursery programs attend school full-time

Nursery curriculum focuses on oral language development and pre-literacy skills

A nursery programs prepares a child for elementary school

Plays chosen for nursery education are all children's plays

The social experiences are just for improving social skills

All Japanese children attend nursery school

In the United States, not as many children attend nursery schools as in France

The US spends more money on nursery programs than France or Japan

The U.S does not concern about the impact of nursery programs on children's development

* SPEAKING

Work in group and discuss these questions about your country. Do you have nursery and preschool programs in your country?

2 Do you have any facts and figures concerning nursery education? (The proportion of children attending nursery, the number of nursery school, the distribution of nursery schools, the fund, the curriculum )

3 What, in your own opinion, is the good points of sending a child to nursery school?

4 What, in your own opinion, is the weak points of sending a child to nursery school?

5 Does nursery attendance vary from city to the countryside, from area to area? If yes, why?

* WRITING

1 Write a short paragraph (about 50 words) on the main idea of the text

2 Base on your answers in Speaking to write a short introduction (of about 150 words) about nursery education in Vietnam

* CONSOLIDATION

1 Find from the text equivalents for the following Vietnamese words and phrases:

a Ð?c di?m c?a tru?ng m?u giáo

b Chuong trình h?c m?u giáo

c S? phát tri?n ngơn ng? nói

d Các k? nang d?c vi?t

e Giao ti?p xã h?i

f Trò choi t?p th?

g T? l? di h?c m?u giáo

h Các nu?c kinh t? phát tri?n

i Nh?ng sách c?a nhà nu?c

k Nh?ng cu?c tranh cãi dang di?n

2 Translate the following sentences into English:

a Chuong trình m?u giáo m?t bu?c chu?n b? cho em bu?c vào b?c ti?u h?c

b Nh?ng trò choi t?p th? giúp cho h?c sinh phát tri?n k? nang giao ti?p xã h?i

c Trong 10 nam qua, t? l? tr? em di h?c dã tang lên dáng k?

d Các chuong trình m?u giáo thu?ng không da d?ng không du?c h? tr? t?t v? m?t tài

UNIT EDUCATION OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

* VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

mental, physical (adj.) - mentally, physically (adv)

1 At seventeen, most boys are physically developed: tall and strong

2 The accident caused her mental suffering She gets angry easily

3 Mentally retarded children have some problem with their brain They are slow learners

structure (v & n)

1 A good essay must be well-structured

2 This company has an effective management structure That's the key to its success

separate (v & n)

1 The children sleep in separate beds No two sleep in the same

2 This patient should be separated from the others

major, minor (adj.) majority, minority (n)

1 He only took a minor part in the play Few people noticed him

2 The majority of people prefer TV to the radio The radio has become less popular

severe (adj.)— severity (n)

1 He is suffering a lot from his severe injuries

2 Most gold seekers could not stand the severity of the cold in the north pole

1 Their earnings are adequate to their needs So their life is alright

2 Take adequate precautions The cave is deep and dark

supplement (v), (n)

1 The money I get from teaching evening classes is a useful supplement to my ordinary income

2 She supplements her diet with vitamin tablets

session (n)

1 After several sessions at the gym, I feel a lot better

2 Slower learners have to attend special sessions to supplement regular class time

regular (adj.)

1 He has no regular work, so it's difficult for him to support his family

2 Regular exercise is good for your health Try to it every day or three times a week

equal (adj.)

1 They are of equal height Both are 178cm tall

2 Divide the cake into equal parts No part should be bigger than the other

opportunity (n)

1 People in the countryside have fewer opportunities for employment than those in the city

2 Don't miss this opportunity It may never come again

Use the new words given in Vocabulary in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences — 8:

1 The… school curriculum must suit education goals of a country

2 We have special service for our customers

4 I don't think we understand each other It's time we go our… ways

5 The child's parents are much worried about the… of his mental problems

6 If you want a room with separate shower, you have to pay a… of $10

7 People have to create their own… Don't just wait

8 Women are still struggling for true with men

* READING

EDUCATION OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

The following phrases (1-6) have been taken from the text Read through the text quickly and decide where (a-f) to place them:

1 as other students

2 often tinder the care of a guide

3 provide equal opportunity

4 in which they spend most of their day

5 commonly known as special education

6 than other students

In the United States, education of the mentally retarded, blind, and deaf is structured to be as close as possible to the same experience received by normal students Blind and deaf students usually have separate classes (a)…, but may sit in normal classes with guides or interpreters The mentally retarded are required to attend the same amount of time (b)…; however, they are almost always in separate classrooms for the majority of the school day These classes, (c)…, are run by teachers who are often required to have special training Depending upon the degree and severity of any mental or physical problems, these students may participate in normal classes and activities, (d)… Larger districts are often able to provide more adequate and quality care for those with special needs

day to supplement regular class time; here they often receive extra instruction or perform easier work The goal of these programs, however, is to try and bring everyone up to the same standard and (f) to all students

(Education in the United States. http:/en.wiklipedia.org/wiki/Education-in-the-United-States)

COMPREHENSION CHECK

Choose the best answer (a, b, c or d) for each question in the text.

1 In the United States, education of the mentally retarded, blind, and deaf is… that for normal students

a very different from

b almost the same as

c exactly the same as

d not as well structured as

2 Blind and deaf students…

a always have separate classes from ordinary ones

b can sometimes join normal classes with guides or interpreters

c can learn with normal students when they have interpreters

d spend most of their day with normal students

3 Teachers who want to teach students with special needs should…

a have special training

b spend most of his/ her time at school

c work the same amount of time as their students

d have come from classes for special needs themselves

4 Whether a student with special needs may participate in normal classes and activities depends on…

a his/ her intelligence

c the severity of his/ her problems

d his/ her physical health

5 If a student is identified as being significantly slower in learning than other students…

a he can stay on after class to have extra hours of learning

b he/ she can still attend regular class time

c he/ she will attend special sessions away from normal students

d he/ she will never go to evening classes

6 The goal of these special sessions is…

a to give slow-learning students more confidence

b to bring every student up healthy and well-educated

c to provide these students with better curriculum

d to make sure that every student has the same opportunity of education

7 The main idea of this text is…

a to talk about the difficulties that students with special needs may have at school

b to state all the facilities that are offered to students with special needs

c to remind teachers who work with these students of their responsibilities

d to explain briefly how and why special education is structured and conducted at schools

* SPEAKING

Work in group and discuss these questions about your country.

1 Do the mentally retarded, blind, and deaf in your country have a chance to go to school?

3 Are there enough schools for those students? How are they distributed in the country?

4 Is the curriculum for the mentally retarded, blind, and deaf structured the same as the one received by normal students?

5 Are there any special requirements for the teachers who run these special classes?

6 What you think is the better way to educate students with learning difficulties, having them in the same school with normal students in separate schools?

7 What can be done to help those students socialize with others?

* WRITING

1 Base on your answers in Speaking to write a short introduction (of about 150 words) about special education in Vietnam

2 Below is the summary of the textCollege and University with some words missing Find these words from the text to complete the summary

In the United States, mentally retarded, blind and deaf students receive a more or less similar (1)… as the normal ones They go to the same school; (2)… the same amount of time; and although they spend most of their time in (3)… classes (known as special education), they may still (4)… in normal classes and activities under the care of a (5)… or interpreter

Students who are very slow in (6)… may have special sessions where they can receive (7)… instruction or C easier work

The United States is trying to bring everyone the same standard and the same (8) in education

* CONSOLIDATION

1 Find from the text equivalents for the following Vietnamese words and phrases:

b Các l?p h?c riêng bi?t

c Cùng kh?i lu?ng th?i gian nhu…

d M?c d? tr?m tr?ng c?a…

e Nh?ng v?n d? v? trí tu? th? l?c

f S? cham sóc d?y d? phù h?p

g M?c tiêu c?a nh?ng chuong trình

h S? ch? b?o c?n k? hon

i Tr? em ch?m phát tri?n trí tu?

2 Translate the following sentences into English:

a Chuong trình giáo d?c cho tr? em ch?m phát tri?n trí tu? du?c xây d?ng g?n going v?i chuong trình cho h?c sinh bình thu?ng

b Tr? em ch?m phát tri?n trí tu? cung ph?i tham gia h?c l?p b?ng s? lu?ng th?i gian nhu tr? em bình thu?ng

c Tu? m?c d? tr?m tr?ng c?a v?n d? v? trí tu? th? l?c, tr? em ch?m phát tri?n trí tu? có th? tham gia ho?c d?ng v?i h?c sinh bình thu?ng khác

d Trong nh?ng bu?i h?c d?c bi?t này, h?c sinh du?c ch? b?o ki lu?ng th?c hi?n công vi?c don gi?n hon

UNIT CHOICES FOR SCHOOL LEAVERS

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

* VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

gcse

1 GCSE stands for a General Certificate of Secondary Education

2 In Britain you can get a GCSE when you are 16

professional (adj.)

1 David Beckham is a professional footballer He works full time as a player in Real Madrid football club

2 Many of the performers were of professional standard

academic (adj.)

1 The academic year usually begins in September and ends in June

2 Physics is one of the academic subjects It is not a technical subject

qualification (n)

1 What sort of qualification you need for the job?

2 He has all the right qualifications for this.job He's a good applicant

strength (n) > < weakness (n)

1 Your strengths mean your good points

2 Your weaknesses mean your bad points

subjective (adj.), subjectively (adv)

1 We shouldn't give our own subjective comments on her actions

2 Our perception of things is often influenced by subjective factors

aptitude (n) for sth

2 Does she show any aptitude for games?

confuse (v)

1 I was confused by being asked so many questions

2 Don't confuse Austria with Australia

guide(v), guidance (n)

1 The teacher guided me to this exercise

2 I really need your guidance to make sure that I am going to choose the right career

regret (v, n)

1 I heard of his death with deep regret

2 I regret to inform you that you've failed the exam

Use the new words given above in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences 1- 8.

1 He couldn't get this job, because he didn't have enough…

2 Different concepts of the same subject sometimes make us…

3 My Linh is… singer

4 The teacher's… is very necessary for you before the exam

5 Her… help her a lot in applying for the job

6 Language learning requires good

7 In some cases, things shouldn't be considered… but objectively

8 I to say the job has been filled

* READING

CHOICES FOR SCHOOL LEAVERS

This is the information sheet about choices for school leavers in Britain

Where you go now?

OK, you'll be 16 this year and you are doing your GCSEs in the summer

Do you really know where you want to go and what you want to after you've done your GCSEs? You need to consider three key questions:

1 Do you want to continue studying at a university - or a college for a professional or academic degree?

2 Do you want to continue studying in a less academic way — doing training at a College of Further Education to get a vocational or technical qualification that leads to a specific job?

3 Do you want to leave school and get a job that perhaps requires no training or where you receive training 'on the job'?

To answer these questions, you need to talk to four sorts of people:

1 Talk to teachers who know you well A teacher who knows your strengths and weaknesses will advise you well Ask your teachers what they think you should You might not agree with the advice, but you should listen to it

2 Talk to older teenagers Find out if there is anything they regret But remember, their advice is subjective: the things that are important for them might not be important for you

3 Talk to a career adviser Ask them which colleges are the best for the subjects you want to study Decide exactly which university, college or College of Further Education you would like to go to Find out about the entrance requirements You need expert guidance to make sure you are going to get the right preparation for your chosen course

4 VisitSixth-formCollege open days if possible Talk to teachers who might teach you next year - even if you don't know them well Find out from them what your studies will be like Ask them if they can give you the names of some textbooks, so that you can take a look at what you will have to study

And here are five points to remember:

2 Ask yourself what you are good at Think about your personality, your aptitudes, and your skills outside the classroom when deciding what your future career might be

3 Don't choose your future studies simply because you like or don't like a particular teacher, or because of the way that teacher has taught his or her subject

4 Ask yourself what you really want to Don't choose a career out of a sense of duty, because your parents want you to Don't say, 'Yes, I think I'll that' just because your friends are doing it and you want to be like them

5 Ask your parents and teachers what they think you'd be good at Don't confuse what you can now with what you might be able to in the future with the right preparation

COMPREHENSION CHECK Look at the passage and answer questions 1-8:

1 When students in Britain their GCSEs?

……

2 What they have to decide then?

……

3 What they have to if they want to go on to university?

……

4 Can they get a job without any kind of official training?

……

5 Who should you talk to before you can make any decision?

……

6 Who can you meet and talk to if you visit Sixth-formCollege open days? And what is the purpose of your talk?

a Be sure which subjects you are good at

b Think about your characteristics and your skills before you make a decision on your career

c A sense of duty is a good guide to you in your decision

d Your like or dislike for a teacher is a big influence on your decision

e Ask your teacher's advice because they will know what you are good at

f Be confident that what you can now is certainly what you will be able to well in the future

* SPEAKING

Work in group and discuss these questions about your country. At what age can pupils in your country leave schools?

2 Are there a variety of choices for school leavers in your country?

3 What key questions school leavers in your country have to consider?

4 Who can school leavers go to for advice? Why?

5 Are there any differences in choice for career between school leavers in big cities and those in the country? Can you explain the reasons?

6 What advice in the article would you like to change?

7 What piece of advice can you give to school leavers in your country?

* WRITING

1 Base on your answers in speaking to write a short introduction (of about 150 words) about choices for school leavers in Vietnam

2 Below is the summary of the text "Choices for School Leavers" with some words missing Find the words from the text to complete the summary

or you can apply for a job immediately There are (d)… kinds, of people you can ask for good advice They are teachers who know you well, (e)…, (f)…, and teachers who might teach you next year Besides, you should remember(g)… important points, one of which is (h)… yourself what you really want to

* CONSOLIDATION

1 Find equivalents from the text for the following Vietnamese words and phrases.

a B?ng t?t nghi?p Ph? thông Trung h?c

b B?ng c?p chuyên môn

c Ch?ng ch? h?c ngh?

d Ði?m m?nh di?m y?u

e Chuyên gia tu v?n ngh? nghi?p

f Nang khi?u

g L?i khuyên mang tính ch? quan

h Tiêu chí tuy?n sinh vào d?i h?c

i Ngh? nghi?p tuong lai

k Câu h?i (v?n d?) ch? y?u

2 Translate the following sentences into English

a Sau t?t nghi?p ph? thông trung h?c, h?c sinh có th? l?a ch?n h?c ti?p lên d?i h?c ho?c thơi h?c di tìm vi?c làm

b H?u h?t h?c sinh t?t nghi?p ph? thông d?u mu?n h?c ti?p lên d?i h?c nhung d? vào du?c d?i h?c h?c sinh ph?i d? k? thi tuy?n sinh r?t khó

c Th?y giáo cu dã bi?t di?m m?nh di?m y?u c?a b?n có th? cho b?n nh?ng l?i khuyên b? ích s? ch?n l?a ngh? nghi?p tuong lai

d Khi l?a ch?n ngh? tuong l?i, b?n nên suy nghi c?n th?n v? kh? nang th?c s? c?a

UNIT COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

* VOCABULARY

Look at sentences below and see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

undergraduate — graduate (n)

1 Once entering university, a student will engage in undergraduate study, which usually lasts years

2 After graduating university, advanced students can directly apply for graduate programs

alternate (adj.) — alternately (adv)

1 The four undergraduate grades are commonly called freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior years (alternately called first, second, third and fourth year.)

2 The wall is decorated with a pattern of alternate circles and squares: one circle, one square, one circle, one square and so on

admit (v)— admission (n)

1 Each ticket admit two people to the performance

2 Admission to Vietnamese universities depends on the result of entrance examination

compete (v)-competitive (adj.)- competitiveness (n)

1 Entrance into some universities like Harvard or Yale is very competitive

2 Universities differ greatly in their competitiveness: some are easy to enter and some are difficult

reputation (n)

2 The school has worked hard to build up its reputation as an excellent training institution

apply (to sb for st) (v) — application (n)

1 If you want to apply for this job, you have to fill in this application form first

2 In order to reprint an extract from a book, you have to apply to the publisher for permission

lenient (adj.)

1 In America, public schools are viewed as more lenient than private schools, i.e it is easier to enter public than private schools

2 Law should not be too lenient Otherwise, it can not stop crime

prestige (n) — prestigious (adj.)

1 One of the world's most prestigious banks is City Bank

2 He completely lost his long-built prestige when his affair was publicized

criterion — criteria (n)

1 Success in money is not always a good criterion of success in life

2 Admission criteria into some gifted schools involve test scores and class ranking )

in conjunction with

1 We are working in conjunction with the police to find out the murderer

2 After additional years of study and sometimes in conjunction with the completion of a master's degree, one may earn a Doctor of Philosophy

deficient (adj.) — deficiency (n)

1 Vitamin deficiency can lead to illness

2 Vietnam is now deficient in skilled workers, especially in mechanical fields

sentences — 7:

1 What are the… for deciding who gets the prize?

2 Several companies are with each other to gain the contract

3 In order to go into the zoo you have to pay $2

4 She can't hide her in her knowledge of educational management

5 His part in the corruption has ruined his…

6 It usually takes a long time for a school to establish its own…

7 Nowadays you can search and… for a job through emails

* READING

COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

Post-secondary education in the United States is known as college or university and commonly consists of four years of study at an institution of higher learning Students traditionally apply to receive admission into college, with varying difficulties of entrance Schools differ in their competitiveness and reputation; generally, public schools are viewed as more lenient and less prestigious than the more expensive private schools Admission criteria involve test scores and class ranking as well as extracurricular activities performed prior to the application date

Once admitted, students engage in undergraduate study, which consists of satisfying university and class requirements to achieve a bachelor's degree The most common method consists of four years of study leading to a Bachelor of Arts (BA), or a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree Some students choose to attend a "community college" for two years prior to further study at another college or university Some community colleges have automatic enrollment agreements with a local four-year college, where the community college provides the first two years of study and the university provides the remaining years of study, sometimes all on one campus

with the completion of a master's degree, students may earn a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or other doctoral degree, such as Doctor of Arts, or Doctor of Education

Entrance into graduate programs usually depends upon a student's undergraduate academic performance or professional experience as well as their score on a standardized entrance exam

(Source: Education in the United States. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education—in—the—united—States)

COMPREHENSION CHECK

I Choose the most appropriate answer (a, b or c) to best answer questions. Admission into college

a is the same for every university

b depends on student's financial condition

c is different from university to university

2 Class ranking is… for university admission

a one of the essential criteria

b considered as a bonus

c not of importance

3 In order to achieve a bachelor's degree, a student has to

a satisfy university requirements

b satisfy class requirements

c satisfy both university and class requirements

4 Graduate study refers to…

a study which may lead to a Master's Degree

b study which may lead to a Doctor of Philosophy

c any further study after university to obtain a MA or a Ph.D

a is a 'must'

b can be required

c is as important as a student's undergraduate academic performance

II Read the text again and decide which (a, b or c) is the main idea of each paragraphs.

Paragraph 1

a Test score and class ranking are the most important for college entrance

b University study: criteria for admission and differences in difficulties of entrance and prestige

c University study is usually years long

Paragraph 2

a Undergraduate study which leads to a bachelor's degree

b The most common method to obtain a bachelor's degree

c One can attend a community college before going to university

Paragraph 3

a One has to get a master's degree before going on for a doctoral degree

b Work and study criteria which enables one to get a master or doctoral degree

c Different kinds of master's and doctoral degrees

Paragraph 4

a Work experience is always essential for graduate study

b The score on a standardized entrance exam might be considered for a graduate study

c Criteria for graduate study

Work in group and discuss these questions about your country.

1 What are admission criteria for college/ university in your country?

2 Are they the same for all colleges/ universities or they vary from one to another?

3 What college/ university has the best reputation? Why?

4 How long is a graduate study? What are the criteria for entering a graduate program?

5 In your own experience explain why work experience is sometimes essential for graduate study?

6 Is it fair to depend on the score of a standardized entrance exam as the only requirement for undergraduate programs?

* WRITING

1 Base on your answers in Speaking to write a short introduction (of about 150 words) about higher education in Vietnam

2 Below is the summary of the textCollege or University with some words missing Find these words from the text to complete the summary

Colleges and universities in the United States differ in their competitiveness and (1) In general, to receive admission into college, a student's test scores, (2)… and extracurricular activities will all be considered Once admitted into the four-year undergraduate study, the student will have to satisfy university as well as class (3)… to receive a bachelor's degree This study can also be done at a (4)… college for the first two years before moving on to university

(5)…studylead to a master's or a doctoral degree (6)… for entrance into graduate programs can be one or all of these: undergraduate academic performance (7)… and score on a standardized entrance exam

* CONSOLIDATION

a Giáo d?c sau ph? thông

b S? c?nh tranh

c Các tiêu chí d? du?c vào h?c

d K?t qu? thi

e X?p h?ng l?p

f Các ho?t d?ng ngo?i khoá

g Ngày n?p don

h Cao d?ng c?ng d?ng

i Song song v?i, d?ng th?i v?i

k K?t qu? h?c t?p d?i h?c

l Kinh nghi?m làm vi?c chun mơn

m Kì thi chu?n vào d?i h?c

2 Translate the following sentences into English:

a Giáo d?c d?i h?c thu?ng g?m nam h?c t?i tru?ng d?i h?c d? l?y b?ng t?t nghi?p d?i h?c

b Các tru?ng d?i h?c r?t khác v? d? khó d? du?c ch?p nh?n vào h?c

c Ð? nh?n b?ng c? nhân, m?t sinh viên ph?i tho? mãn du?c nh?ng dòi h?i c?a l?p c?a tru?ng

d M? s? ngành t?o th?c si dịi h?i ph?i có vài nam kinh nghi?m làm vi?c chuyên môn m?i du?c nh?p h?c

UNIT REPORT ON THE COST OF UNIVERSITY LIFE

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

* VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

survey(n)

1 A public opinion survey is being carried out to see how people are reacting to the new law

2 Last week, a survey of 1,245 secondary school students was conducted to find out how much they use IT in their learning

conduct(v)

1 Our head teacher was appointed to conduct the extra activities for the whole school

2 The teacher of chemistry is conducting an experiment preparing carbon dioxide

findings(n)

1 The findings of the survey shows that 36% of students are not interested in science studies at school

2 The research was not conducted in the proper way That's why its findings are not reliable

cost(v), (n)

1 The cost of college life has increased dramatically over the past years Students have to pay more now than they did years ago

2 Studies nowadays cost a lot Some parents can not afford to send their children to school

underestimate— overestimate (v)

1 I overestimated his abilities He could not finish the job I gave him

accommodation(n)

1 Students usually look for close-to-university accommodation This can help them save on transport

2 Hotel accommodation is not easy to find in this town in tourist season

average(adj.) — on average

I He got 7, and for his exams These marks are well above average On average, the school canteen sells 100 packed lunches per day

manage(v)

1 She's very good at managing her money That's why she can live quite comfortably on her small pension

2 Do you think that you can manage this job without my help?

cutdown (+on) (v)

1 The cost of life is going up but we can not get a raise in our salary So we have to cut down on some of our expenses

2 He's too fat, so the doctor told him to cut clown on fattening food

reality(n)

1 His paintings are about the reality of everyday life, not his imagination

2 You have to face reality no matter how hard it could be Don't live in dreams

Use the new words given in Vocabulary in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences — 8:

1 Cost of college life is increasing, especially in tuition and…

2 The… age of university students when they graduate is 23

3 I am not smoking as many cigarettes as I used to because I am trying to… on them

4 … of university education in England is much higher than that in Singapore It's E20,000 per year on average

6 The… of the research has confirmed what scientists had suspected for a long time

7 They… of the danger of the expedition and it cost them lives

8 Despite his great disappointment, he… to smile at her

* READING

REPORT ON THE COST OF UNIVERSITY LIFE

Read quickly through the text and match the headings (a-e) with their appropriate paragraphs (1-5).

a Reactions to the findings of the survey

b Things which were cheaper

c What students had to say

d Aim of the report

e Things which were more expensive

1…

According to a recent survey, many sixth formers could experience money trouble by underestimating the cost of life at university The survey which interviewed over 500 sixth-formers and 1,700 university undergraduates was conducted by NatWest Bank It found that sixth-formers had no idea about the real costs of college life

2…

Areas where sixth-formers underestimated costs included going out with friends and accommodation The majority of sixth-formers expect to pay an average of E97 per month in rent, while students already at university say the average rent is E173,

3…

However, although sixth-formers underestimated costs in some areas, they overestimated spending on books, food and clothes For example, undergraduates said they spent E 55 a month on food, compared to sixth-formers' expectation of E74, and E28 on clothes compared with E54

Undergraduates who were questioned commented on the ways they managed their money “Most of the books I need for my course are in the university library, so I don't usually buy them,” said one student “I try to cut down on the cost of transport by cycling to university,” said another And 36% of university students had part-time jobs to help them pay for their studies

5…

All in all, researchers were surprised by the findings The survey showed that nearly four out of ten of this year's sixth-formers had considered not going to university because of the costs involved One researcher commented: “The results arc quite worrying Many students don't seem to be prepared for the financial realities of life at college The average student debt at the end of their studies is E4,300 This is putting some sixth-formers off going to university at all.”

sixthformers = students in the final two years of secondary school. (Matrix Pre-Intermediate Student's Book)

COMPREHENSION CHECK I Factual information

Quickly read through the report and complete the notes. Number of students interviewed:…

2 Number of sixth formers interviewed:…

3 Average cost of accommodation:…

4 Average cost of food:…

5 Average cost of clothes:…

6 Percentage of students with part-time jobs:…

7 Average student debt:…

8 Number of sixth formers worried about costs:…

II Word search

2 carried out by

3 most

4 a standard amount

5 guess that the amount of something will be less than it actually is

6 say what you think or feel about something

7 information discovered as the result of research

III Read the passage again carefully and say whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).

Many sixth formers have problems with money as they not have correct information about the cost of college life

In fact, going out with friends and" accommodation cost more than what the sixth formers imagined

Real cost of food is higher than that estimated by sixth formers

Books at college cost as much as what sixth formers imagined

Some students use books at the university library instead of buying them

64% of university students are well-supported and they not have to get a job to pay for their studies

The findings of the survey surprised researchers, especially educators

Over half of sixth formers not consider going to university because they thought university costs are too high

Every student has a debt of E 4,300 at the end of their studies

* SPEAKING

Work in group and discuss these questions about your country.

1 Is university education in your country subsidized? If not, who has to pay?

2 Do university students in your country have to face with money trouble? If yes, how they deal with this trouble?

4 Do you have any suggestions/ advice for the to-be students on how to reduce college cost?

* WRITING

I Below is some information on the average college prices in the 2005-06 academic year Average annual tuition charges for the major types of institutions are as follows:

- Public Two-year Community Colleges: $2,191

- Public Four-year Colleges and Universities: $5,491

- Private Four-year Colleges and Universities: $21,235

When room and board, transportation, and other expenses are added, the total annual student budgets are as follows:

- Public Two-Year Community Colleges (commuter students): $11,692

- Public Four-year Colleges and Universities (commuter students): $15,991

- Public Four-year Colleges and Universities (resident students): $15,566

- Public Four-year Colleges and Universities (out-of-state students): $23,239

- Private Four-year Colleges and Universities (commuter students): $32,070

- Private Four-year Colleges and Universities (resident students): $31,916

NOTE: T hese figures not reflect student aid that reduces the amount students and families must pay Three out of four full-time students receive financial aid

(SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing: 2005.) (http://www.acenet.edullAM/Template.cfm?Section=Horne)

Write sentences of comparisons between different types of institutions: ………

2 ………

3 ………

5 ………

II The table below shows the average annual figures of the percentage of full-time undergraduates who receive financial aid and the amount they get in 2003-2004.

% Receiving

Any Aid

Avg Aid %

Receiving Grants Avg Grant % Receiving Loans Avg Loan

Public Four-year 76 $8,735 59 $4,650 51 $5,771 Public, Two-year 61 $4,944 53 $3,362 23 $4,054 Private Four-year 89 $16,265 82 $9,424 66 $7,249 Proprietary 92 $11,078 70 $4,232 80 $7,876

Other 74 $8,482 54 $4,525 49 $5,946

All Institutions 76 $9,899 62 $5,565 50 $6,206

(Source: U.S Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary Student Aid Study: 2003-2004)

Write sentences interpreting the information from the table ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… * CONSOLIDATION

1 Find from the text equivalents for the following Vietnamese words and phrases: a Phí t?n h?c d?i h?c

b Cách qu?n lý ti?n b?c

c C?t gi?m phí t?n di l?i

e K?t qu? di?u tra

f M?c n? trung bình c?a sinh viên

g Các kho?n chi phí khác

h Tr? giúp v? m?t tài

i Sinh viên h? t?p trung

2 Translate the following sentences into English:

a Nhi?u sinh viên g?p khó khan tài h? dã tính tốn th?p hon th?c t? kho?n chi phí ? d?i h?c

b G?n dây tru?ng dã ti?n hành m?t di?u tra 500 sinh viên t?i khoa

c K?t qu? di?u tra dã ch? r?ng c? 10 sinh viên có em khơng d? ti?n d? mua sách v? h?c t?p

d M?t s? h?c sinh khơng vào d?i h?c khơng ch?u du?c h?c phí cao

UNIT STANDARDED TESTING

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

* VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

ensure (v)

1 Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night

2 These pills should ensure you a good night's sleep

adequate (adj.) to/for sth.

1 Their earnings are adequate to their needs

2 Your work is adequate but I'm sure you could better

progress (n, v)

1 She has made much progress in listening skill this term Now, she is very good at listening comprehension

2 She is progressing in her studies Last term, she gained mark in mathematics but this term, she's gained mark

evaluate (v) evaluation (n)

1 I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work

2 I don't accept that emir/at/cm of the situation

comprehensive (adj.)

1 This is 'a comprehensive description of our university, which helps new comers to have an overview about their new place

2 She has a comprehensive understanding of the subject She is very good at it

error (n)

2 The accident was the result of human error

magnify (v)

1 To magnify means to make something appear larger

2 We can see the very small bacteria clearly if they are magnified to 1,000 times their actual size

attempt (n, v)

1 The prisoners attempted to escape but failed

2 They made an attempt to arrive at the station in time but they were late

quiz (n)

1 I really like quiz show on TV such as "who is a millionaire?", "who is this person?"

2 We prefer shorter quizzes to long essays

ban (v)

1 Smoking is banned in public places

2 He was banned from attending the meeting He was not allowed to join the meeting

grasp (v, n)

1 She grasped the rope and pulled herself up

2 She has a good grasp of the subject

criticize (v)

1 It is very difficult to teach students how to criticize poetry

2 He was criticized by the manager for being late

Use the new words given in Vocabulary in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences - 8.

1 The students have made little… in their speaking skill

3 The teacher spoke very quickly so the students couldn't… the key points of the lecture

4 We have made… to pass the exam

5 It isn't easy to… the difficulty of the last test

6 The government has… the use of chemical weapons

7 She has… grounds/reasons for a divorce

8 Stop… my work I have made no mistake

* READING

STANDARDIZED TESTING

All American states must test students in public schools to ensure that they are achieving the desired level of minimum education; students being educated at home or in private schools are not included The Act also requires that students and schools show "adequate yearly progress", some improvement each year

In some schools, most course credit is earned through midterm and final examinations (at the middle 'and the end of the semester) also known as midterms and finals Because they are usually the most important tests, any errors made will be magnified These tests have been criticized for not evaluating a student's knowledge correctly, while being granted too much weight in the calculation of the student's course grade Shorter quizzes or extensive long-term projects may provide a more comprehensive picture of a student's grasp of the material) Also in many schools are yearly tests called midterms and finals Most attempts to ban these types of tests in the United States have been unsuccessful

During high school, students, usually in their junior year (grade 11), may take one or more standardized tests depending on their postsecondary education preferences and their local graduation requirements (some students choose not to take the tests at all) In theory, these tests evaluate the level of knowledge and learning aptitude they have attained

not all students move on to postsecondary education, and may not need to take the tests

(Source: Education in the United States. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education—in—the—United—States)

READING COMPREHENSION I Answer the following questions:

1 Why all American states test students?

……

2 Which students aren't tested under the Act?

……

3 Why have midterm and final exams been criticized in some schools?

……

4 Why some students in their junior year take one or more standardized tests?

……

5 What does "they" in paragraph refer to?

II Choose the best answer for each question What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A Students need show some improvement next year:

B The explanation of the No Child Left Behind Act

C The testing system

2 What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A Some critics on midterm and final examinations

B Unsuccessful types of tests

C The successful testing system

A Taking standardized tests in high school

B The importance of standardized tests

C Evaluation of standardized tests

4 What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?

A standardized tests in colleges

B the most popular standardized tests for college admission

C the advantage of standardized tests

5 Which of the following statements is not true?

A The SAT and ACT are the most popular tests taken by students when applying to college

B There have been unsuccessful attempts to ban midterm and final tests

C According to the Act, self - educated students must be tested to show some improvement each year

6 The standardized tests for students during high school can evaluate

A the students' level of knowledge correctly

B the students’ level of knowledge and attained learning aptitude

C the students' improvement each year

7 When applying to college, a student

A has to take the test given by the No Child Left Behind Act

B has to different types of test successfully

C may take either the SAT or ACT, or both

* SPEAKING.

Work in group and discuss these questions about your country. Is there a system of standardized testing all over your country?

2 Name some popular standardized tests in your country

tests?

4 How does cheating in the exam influence on students' results?

5 How have mid term and final exams been criticized in some colleges and universities?

6 Are there any organizations which are responsible for the secret of the standardized tests?

* WRITING

1 Base on your answers in speaking to write a short introductions (of about 150 words) about standardized testing in Vietnam

2 Below is the summary of the text "Standardized testing" with some words missing Find the words from the text to complete the summary

American students in public schools must take a test to show some… (a) each year In some school midterm and final examinations have been criticized for not… (b) students' knowledge accurately and… (c) too much on the students' average grade However,… (d) to bun these tests in the United states have not been successful

In theory,… (e) tests can evaluate the level of knowledge and… (f) aptitude the students have obtained The most popular standardized tests that students take when… (g) to college are the SAT and ACT

* CONSOLIDATION

1 Find equivalents from the text for the Vietnamese words and phrases. a Ki?m tra gi?a k?

b Thi cu?i k?

c Ðánh giá dúng ki?n th?c c?a h?c sinh

d Kh? nang h?c

e B?c tranh toàn di?n v? kh? nang hi?u c?a h?c sinh

g Các thi chu?n

h V? m?t lý thuy?t

i Ði?m trung bình c?a h?c sinh

2 Translate the following sentences into English

a Chúng ta có th? dánh giá ph?n thái d? h?c t?p c?a h?c sinh, sinh viên thông qua ki?m tra gi?a k?

b Tuy nhiên, nh?ng ki?m tra gi?a k? cu?i k? v?n không th? dánh giá dúng ki?n th?c c?a sinh viên

c V? lí thuy?t, thi chu?n nh?m dánh giá trình d? ki?n th?c kh? nang h?c c?a h?c sinh

UNIT 10 DECENTRALIZATION – A RADICAL SOLUTRION?

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

* VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

overhaul (v)

1 To overhaul means to examine something carefully and make any necessary repairs

2 You should go to the doctor's to overhaul your health

renovate (v), renovation (n)

1 This old building should be renovated

2 The college is closed for renovation

lag (v) behind sb/sth.

1 The small boy soon became tired and lagged far behind the rest of the walkers

2 Prices are rising sharply, while incomes are lagging behind

contingent (n)

1 A large contingent from Japan was present at the conference

2 These active students are from the anti-smoking contingent

promote (v), promotion (n)

1 This organization works to promote friendship between nations

2 If you are successful in your job, you can expect promotion

urgent (adj.)

1 My car is in urgent need of repair

2 It is most urgent that we operate

1 The new laws empower the police to stop anybody in the street

2 Colleges and Universities are gradually given empowerment by The Ministry of Education and Training

decentralize (v), decentralization (n)

1 If we decentralize, universities and college will have move power

2 We should think about decentralization if we expect to have effective management in universities

radical (adj.)

1 Our educational system need radical reforms

2 A radical error in grammar can make your writing difficult to understand

fundamental (adj.)

1 There are fundamental differences between your religions belief and mine

2 Hard work is fundamental to success

vicious (adj.)

1 I need experience to get a job but without a job I can't get experience -it's a vicious circle

2 You haven't found a good solution to this problem This one is a vicious solution

Use the new words given above in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences - 8.

1 The new job with higher salary is a… for her

2 It is really… to move chemical factories far from the city

3 The… question is a political one

4 The Ministry of Education and Training always… colleges and universities suddenly

6 In the near future, all the universities and colleges in our country will be… to manage themselves

7 With… each university must be responsible for itself

8 Many parents are now worried that the quality of teaching and learning in high schools is…

* READING

DECENTRALIZATION - A RADICAL SOLUTION?

Mr Nguyen Minh Hien, Minister of Education and Training (MoET) has put forward nine solutions to overhauling the tertiary education sector Firstly, "to continue renovating the curriculum and teaching methods." This solution, so frequently discussed, is always topical This is because Vietnam's tertiary curriculum lags for decades behind those of developed countries, and the teaching method has not changed for several decades now The Minister stresses the educational sector is focusing on completing skeletal curricula for general and specialized subjects by the end of the 2001-2002 school year in accadance with the Law on Education Other solutions include: to expand credit-based training and, examine conditions for ensuring the quality of training; develop the scientific and technological background; consolidate the contingent of lecturers; improve material facilities and financial conditions; promote international exchanges; and renovate the management of tertiary education

Two solutions that are regarded as more urgent are: to revise the, system for university enrolment, and push up empowerment to universities The Minister reveals MoET will, in the immediate future, experiment such solutions as reducing the number of exams and the number of candidates registering for each exam; and giving more power to universities in their enrolment

COMPREHENSION CHECK I Answer the following questions:

1 What is the first solution suggested by the minister of Education and Training to improve the tertiary education sector?

2 Why is this solution considered topical one?

3 What are the more urgent solutions?

4 Why is decentralization by far the best of the proposed solution, according to Deputy Minister Tran Van Nhung?

II Are these following statements true (T) or false (F) according to the article?

…1 Renovating the management of tertiary education is one of the most urgent solutions to overhaul this sector

…2 MoET will reduce the number of exams in the near future

…3 Universities will be encouraged to share exam papers and qualification criteria for next year's enrolment

…4 MoET will set a limit on the number of candidates for some of their majors:

…5 Just technical issues, but not fundamental matters were discussed in the conference

III Vocabulary in Context

Circle the answer that is closest to the meaning of the underlined word Look back at the reading to find the word if necessary

1 In paragraph 1, to put forward probably means…

A to think

B to suggest

C to discuss

2 In paragraph 1, to focus probably means…

B to point

C to suggest

3 In paragraph 1, to renovate probably means…

A to reform

B to introduce

C to expand

4 In paragraph 1, material facilities probably means…

A lecture halls

B teaching staff

C lecture halls, libraries, laboratories, etc

5 In paragraph 2, enrolment probably means…

A exam

B registration

C candidate

6 In paragraph 3, decentralization probably means…

A giving different universities different responsibility for training

B giving universities their own responsibilities for management

C giving each university its own responsibilities for organization, management, training, and use of financial and human resources

7 In paragraph 3, to assign probably means…

A to give tasks

B to tasks

C to complete tasks

8 In paragraph 3, potentialities probably means…

A the money each university owns/has

B the financial and human resources each university has

* SPEAKING

Work in group and discuss the following questions.

1 What is your opinion about decentralization in tertiary education in Vietnam?

2 Do you think it is urgent to decentralize in all education levels, in your ,country? Why?

3 Can you give your own solutions to examine the tertiary education sector in your country? What are they?

4 Do you agree with nine solutions to overhaul the tertiary education sector by Mr Nguyen Minh Hien in the article? Which one is not urgent? Which solution can you add?

5 Do you agree with Mr Tran Van Nhung's view? Why

* WRITING

Read the text again and write the summary of the text (in about 150 words) which should include:

- solutions given by Mr Nguyen Minh Hien to overhauling the tertiary education sector

- the urgent solutions

- different views about decentralization in the conference

* CONSOLIDATION

1 Find equivalents from the text for the following Vietnamese words and phrases.

a Gíao d?c ? b?c d?i h?c

b Hồn thành khung chuong trình

c Nh?ng mơn h?c chuyên nganh

e Chuong trình t?o theo don v? h?c trình

f Co s? v?t ch?t

g C?i cách qu?n lí giáo d?c d?i h?c

h S? lu?ng thí sinh dang kí m?i h?c k? thi

2 Translate the following sentences into English

a Ch?t lu?ng c?a giáo d?c d?i h?c m?i quan tâm ch? y?u c?a B? Giáo d?c Ðào t?o

b M?t nh?ng gi?i pháp c?p bách cho giáo d?c d?i h?c s? t?p trung hoá

c Ð?i m?i phuong pháp gi?ng d?y n?n t?ng co b?n c?i cách giáo d?c

d Trong tuong lai, B? Giáo d?c Ðào t?o s? trao quy?n tuy?n sinh v? cho tru?ng d?i h?c

SUPPLEMENTARY READING

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

PASSAGE PASSAGE

PASSAGE 1

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION SUPPLEMENTARY READING

SCHOOL LEADERSHIP * VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

principal (n)

1 The principal of Lieu Khe school is Mr Nguyen Bac

2 A Principal plays an important role in managing his/her school

clarity (n)

1 His clarity of expression made his speech very interesting

2 Clarity is much concerned in management Everything should be made clear

consensus (n)

1 The two parties have reached a consensus They agreed with each other about that issue

2 There is a broad consensus of opinion in the country on this issue

integrate (v)

1 Should we integrate private schools into state education system?

2 The buildings and the landscape are well integrated

observe (v), observer (n)

1 The police observed the man entering the bank

2 He was sent as an observer of the conference

discourage (v) sb from doing sth

1 Parents should discourage their children from smoking

leadership (n), leader (n)

1 Uncle Ho is a brilliant leader of Vietnamese people

2 He should be responsible for his leadership in the company because every worker is dependent on him

diminish (v)

1 His strength has diminished over the years Now he is not1as strong as when he was younger

2 Nothing could diminish her enthusiasm for the project She was very interested in it

multiplicity (n)

1 A multiplicity of questions were given to the minister of education and training in the conference

2 Nowadays, a computer has a multiplicity of uses and functions

priority (n)

1 You will have priority to get the job if you are experienced

2 Rebuilding the area is a top priority

contemporary (adj.)

1 My Linh and Hong Nhung are very famous now They are contemporary singers

2 Many contemporary writers picture our modern life in a bad way

facilitate (v)

1 If we want to cooperate, we should facilitate everything

2 Please facilitate the difficult problem, I really don't understand what you are talking about

collaborate (v)

1 Schools should collaborate with families to educate children

2 She and her sister collaborated on a biography of her father

1 He's a man of integrity, he won't break his promise

2 Personal integrity is highly appreciated in accounting career

Use the new words given above in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences - 8.

1 Children should be… from smoking

2 The… is the top leader of a school, college or university

3 Vehicles coming from the right have…

4 We should… with each other to solve that problem

5 It is very necessary to have good… for reforming some changes in this company

6 A teacher is also an… in the class

7 Foreign immigrants haven't been able to… well with the new culture

8 Don't make it more complicated Try to… it

* READING

SCHOOL LEADERSHIP

Determining the principal's role is not just an abstract exercise If schools lack clarity and consensus about the principal's mission, they may simply add new duties to an already extensive list, creating job overload Van Cooley and Jianping Shen (2003) found that secondary principals reported they were engaged in new roles that had simply been "layered" over the old job That is, instead of replacing former responsibilities or being integrated into the job, the new duties were simply added to what was already there

2001)

The multiplicity of demands also creates role conflict Surveys persistently find that principals feel torn between the instructional leadership that almost everyone agrees should be the top priority and the daily management chores that are almost impossible to ignore; often, the managerial responsibilities seem to take precedence (Cooley and Shen; Rebecca Goodwin and colleagues 2003; Tak Cheung Chan and Harbison Pool 2002; Diane Ricciardi and Joseph Petrosko 2001; Karen Osterman and colleagues 1997)

DEFINING SCHOOL LEADERSHIP

In a standards-oriented age, contemporary visions of leadership can easily be found in the professional standards established by policymakers, practitioners, and university professors Foremost among these are the guidelines developed by the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC), which have gained rapid acceptance The six key themes are as follows:

- facilitating shared vision

- sustaining a school culture conducive to strident and staff learning

- managing the organization for a safe, efficient, and effective learning environment

- collaborating with families and community members

- acting with integrity, fairness, und in an ethical manner

- influencing the larger political, social, economic, legal, and cultural contest

COMPREHENSION CHECK I Answer the following questions:

1 What did secondary principals say in Van Cooley and Jianping Shen's report?

……

principal?

……

3 What can give bad effects on talented educators?

……

4 What is the role conflict that principals confront?

……

5 How many key themes are there to define school leadership?

……

6 What does "that" in paragraph refer to?

……

II Are these statements true or false?

…1 It is really difficult to determine the principal's role

…2 Secondary principals complained that their new duties were simply the former responsibilities

…3 The perceived workload may help talented educators to diminish the pool of qualified candidates

…4 Principals' instructional leadership is the managerial responsibility

…5 Contemporary visions of leadership can be found in the professional standard created by university teachers

…6 School leadership requires managing the organization for a safe, efficient and effective learning environment

…7 The main idea of the passage is the role of the school leader

III Choose the best answer

1 In paragraph 1, "mission" is closest in meaning to…

A duties

B job

2 In paragraph 2, talented is closest in meaning to…

A well-educated

B good

C gifted

3 In paragraph 3, conflict is closest in meaning to…

A demand

B for and against state

C leadership

4 In paragraph 3, chores is closest in meaning to…

A repeated work

B responsibilities

C role

5 In paragraph 4, professional is closest in meaning to…

A well-educated

B specialized in particular area

C standardized

* SPEAKING

Work in group and discuss these questions about your country. What is the role of a school principal?

2 What you think about the role of the school leadership?

3 Does the school leadership play a very important role in training quality?

4 What are the qualities of a good school leader?

5 In your own opinion, how many key themes are considered to define school leadership? What are they?

1 Base on your answers in speaking to write a short introduction (of about 150 words) about school leadership in Vietnam

2 Below is the summary of the textCollege or University with some words missing Find the words from the text to complete the summary

In recent years, many experts reported that secondary principals were given the new (a)… which were already done As a result they had to overwork and the workload makes (b)… educators unwilling to accept the leadership, challenge Moreover, a lot of (c)… also creates role conflict Principals feel torn between the (d)… of the top (e)… and the daily (f)… There are (g)… main points of (h)… school leadership which are developed by ISLLC and facilitating shared (i)… is the first key theme

* CONSOLIDATION

1 Find equivalents from the text for the Vietnamese words and phrases. a Ban lãnh d?o tru?ng h?c

b Nhi?m v? c?a hi?u tru?ng

c Quy?n uu tiên hàng d?u

d Công vi?c qu?n lí hàng ngày

e Ph?i h?p v?i gia dình nh?ng thành viên c?ng d?ng (xã h?i)

f ?ng c?a viên có trình d?

g T?o s? t?i công vi?c

h Trách nhi?m qu?n lí

i Các nhà ho?ch d?nh sách

2 Translate the following sentences into English

a H?u h?t hi?u tru?ng tru?ng ph? thông d?u ph?i làm vi?c t?i

b Ban lãnh d?o nhà tru?ng ph?i ch?u trách nhi?m qu?n lí m?i ho?t d?ng di?n tru?ng

nhân cách cho tr?

d Hi?u tru?ng ngu?i lãnh d?o cao nh?t tru?ng

PASSAGE 2

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION SUPPLEMENTARY READING

CHANGING STANDARDS * VOCABULARY

Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning

decline (v, n)

1 Her influence declined after she lost the election

2 There has been a sharp decline from 1,000 to 500 in the number of students to enter this university

target (n)

1 The embassy is an obvious target for terrorist attacks

2 The main training target of our college is to educate good teachers

scrutinize (v)

1 You have to scrutinize your exam paper once again to check for mistakes after you have finished it

2 All the causes for the unemployment should be scrutinized

diploma (n)

1 After finishing this course in English, you will get a diploma

2 If you pass the exam with a high mark you can get a good diploma

commission (n)

1 A commission is a group of people officially set up to make an inquiry and write a report

2 A national commission has been established to help poor people

recommend (v), recommendation (n)

recommend a good restaurant for me?

2 I got some recommendations to apply for this job

standard (n)

1 Living standard in big cities is higher than that in the countryside

2 There is an international standard of measure system

achieve (v), achievement (n)

1 You should work harder to achieve success in your job

2 Scientific achievements have brought us better life

competence (n)

1 My mother has good competence in solving problems

2 Her language competence has much been improved

conducive (adj.)

1 The noisy conditions aren’t really conducive to concentrated work

2 Quiet environment / surrounding is conducive to learning

assess (v), assessment (n)

1 It is difficult to assess the impact of the presidents speech

2 Continuous assessment is made of all students work

formulate (v)

1 A new rule of working hours has been formulated

2 You should formulate your thoughts carefully in the interview

Use the new words given above in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences - 8.

1 Some… have been made for reforming teaching methods

2 … in education are gradually changing

3 Medical… help people have a long life expectancy

5 … the difficulty of the test requires experts

6 The number of road accidents has not… for the last six months

7 Politicians have to… the causes for corruptions

8 I don't know how to… my opinion about it in an appropriate way

* READING

CHANGING STANDARD

By the 1980s, parents and educators were taking a concern on the slow but steady decline of American students' average scores on mathematics, reading, and science

At the same time, college administrators and business executives began to complain About 99 percent of American adults reported in the 1980 census that they could read and write But critics claimed that about 13 percent of America's 17-year-olds were "functionally illiterate." That is, they were unable to carry out such everyday tasks as understanding printed instructions and filling out a job application

Experts scrutinized causes for this decline One target was television American children, critics said, watched too much TV, an average of 25 hours a week School boards were criticized for paying teachers too little, with the result that good ones tended to leave the field of education, and for giving students easier material to work with so that all of them could get a diploma — a phenomenon known as "dumbing down" the curriculum

The U.S Department of Education established a national commission to examine the question In 1983 the commission made several recommendations: lengthen the school day and year, formulate a new core curriculum for all students, and raise the standards of performance in each subject As a result, test scores for American children have been rising

In 1989 President George Bush and the governors of all 50 states gave the movement to reform American education a new impetus when they set six goals to be achieved by the year 2000:

- That 90 percent of all high school students will graduate

- That all students will achieve competence in core subjects at certain key points in their progress

- That American students will be first in the world in math and science achievement

- That every American adult will be literate and have the skills to function as a citizen and a worker

- That all schools will be free of drugs and violence and offer a disciplined environment that is conducive to learning

President Bill Clinton speaking to the National Governors Association education summit in 1996, he said, "I believe the most important thing you can is to have high expectations for students - to make them believe they can learn to assess whether they're learning or not, and to hold them accountable as well as to reward them."

COMPREHENSION CHECK I Answer the following questions:

1 On which areas did American students' average scores get worse?

……

2 A few America's 17 year-olds were “functionally illiterate" How you understand the expression "functionally illiterate"?

……

3 What was one of the causes for this decline of the students' average scores?

……

4 How many goals were set to be achieved by the year 2000 in the Movement to reform American education?

……

students in 1996?

……

6 What does "they" in paragraph refer to?

……

7 What does "they" in paragraph refer to?

II Choose the best answer

1 The slow but steady decline of American students' average scores on mathematics, reading and science was taken much concern by…

A the government

B parents and teachers

C teachers and students

2 Good teachers with low salary…

A tended to give up their jobs

B tended to give students easier exercises

C tended to be criticized by school boards

3 Test scores for American children have been rising thanks to…

A a new core curriculum for all students

B several recommendations made in 1983

C the high standards of performance in each subject

4 Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the six goals in the movement to reform American education in 1989?

A 90% of all high school students will graduate

B all schools will be free of drugs and violence

C American students will be the first in the world in maths and scientific and technological achievements

5 In paragraph 3, school boards is closest in meaning to…

B school teachers

C school staff

6 In paragraph 4, impetus is closest in meaning to…

A discouraging situation

B encouraging situation

C new achievement

7 In the third goal which has been set to be achieved by 2000, core is closest in meaning to…

A standard

B main

C official

8 In the sixth goal of the movement to reform American education, disciplined is closest in meaning to…

A strictly kept in rules

B fresh with rules

C very large

* SPEAKING

Work in group and discuss these questions about changing standards in your country.

1 Have there been any changes in our educational system in recent years? Why?

2 Do changes in curriculum give good or bad influence on students and teachers?

3 What you think about the recommendation of lengthening the school day?

4 Do you think that it's best for students to concentrate on main subjects in their majors?

6 Do you know any goals which should be achieved in educational system in the next 10 years? What are they?

* WRITING

Base on your answers in Speaking to write a short introduction (of about 150 words) about some changing standards in Vietnam

* CONSOLIDATION

1 Find from the text equivalents for the following Vietnamese words and phrases.

a Các nàh qu?n lí ? tru?ng d?i h?c

b Mù ch?c nang

c Ban lãnh d?o tru?ng h?c

d Chuong trình h?c t?p trung

e Mơi tru?ng h?c t?p có k? lu?t

f Ði?m trung bình

g Ngành (linh v?c) giáo d?c

h Các nhà phê bình cho r?ng…

i Phong trào c?i cách giáo d?c

j Ð?t nhi?u hy v?ng vào sinh viên

2 Translate the following sentences into English.

a C?i cách giáo d?c ? nu?c ta dã du?c th?c hi?n t? nhi?u nam

b H?c sinh ti?u h?c c? ngày ? tru?ng v?i khung chuong trình m?i

c Sinh viên ch? t?p trung vào m?t s? mơn chun ngành c?a h?

d V?n có s? chênh l?ch v? ch?t lu?ng d?y h?c ? thành ph? nông thôn

nh?t

MINI SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

Passage 1

KINDERGARTEN IN SOUTH KOREA

In South Korea , children normally attend kindergarten between the ages of and (Korean children's ages are calculated differently from Western children's ages: when they are born they are one year old, rather than one day old Also, every January 1, everyone ages one year regardless of when their birthday is: they not age on their birthday) The school year begins in March It is followed by primary school Normally the kindergartens are graded on' a three-tier basis They are called "Yuchi won."

Korean kindergartens are private schools Costs per month vary Oftentimes, Korean parents send their children to English kindergartens 10 give them a head start in English Such specialized kindergartens can be mostly taught in Korean with some English lessons, mostly taught in English with some Korean lessons, or completely taught in English

Because the education system in Korea is very competitive, kindergartens are becoming more intensely academic nowadays Children are pushed to read and write at a very young age They also become accustomed to regular and considerable amounts of homework These very young children may also attend other specialized afternoon schools, taking lessons in art, piano or violin, taekwondo, ballet, soccer or math

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten#China)

Passage 2

EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA

Government or State schools are run by the respective state government They not charge fees, with the majority of their costs met by the relevant State or Territory government, and the rest by voluntary leuy4 and fundraising They can be divided into two categories: open and selective The open sc-FoTigac7ept all students from their government defined catchment areas Selective government schools mostly cater for academically gifted students (the top per cent), although there are performing arts and sports schools that could be considered part of the selective system They are considered far more prestigious than open government schools, and generally achieve better results in the school-leaving exams than independent or open government schools Entrance to selective schools is often highly competitive and they cater to a large area

(from http://en.wikipeclia.org/wiki/Education—in—Australia)

Passage 3

DISTANCE LEARNING

Distance education, or distance learning, is a field of education that focuses on the pedagogy, technology, and instructional systems design that are effectively incorporated in delivering education to students who are not physically "on site" to receive their education Instead, teachers and students may communicate asynchronously (at times of their own choosing) by exchanging printed or electronic media, or through technology that allows them to communicate in real time (synchronously) Distance education courses that require a physical on-site presence for any reason including the taking of examinations is considered to be a hybrid or blended course or program

Modern distance education has been around at least since Isaac Pitman taught shorthand in Great Britain via correspondence in the 1840s Commercial correspondence colleges provided distance education to students across the country:

Computers and the Internet have only made distance learning easier, just as it has for many other day-to-day tasks

language), and these are listed below

(from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distuirce—learning#Types—of—distance—education—courses)

Passage 4

ELECTRONIC LEARNING

Electronic learning or E-learning is a general term used to refer to computer-enhanced learning It is used interchangeably in so many contexts that it is critical to be clear what one means when one speaks of “e-Learning”

Key advantages of e-learning are flexibility, convenience and the ability to work at any place where an internet connection is available and at one's own pace E-classes are asynchronous which allows learners to participate and complete coursework in accordance with their daily commitments This makes an e-learning education a viable option for those that have other commitments such as family or work or cannot participate easily e.g depending on a disability There are also transportation cost (and time) benefits with not having to commute to and from campus

Other advantages of e-learning are the ability to communicate with fellow classmates independent of metrical distance, a greater adaptability to learner's needs, more variety in learning experience with the use of multimedia and the non-verbal presentation of teaching material Streamed video recorded lectures and MP3 files provide visual and audio learning that can be reviewed as often as needed For organizations with distributed and constantly changing learners (e.g restaurant staff), e-learning has considerable benefits when compared with organizing classroom training

Disadvantages of e-learning include the lack of face-to-face interaction with a teacher Critics of e-learning argue that the process is no longer "educational" in the highest philosophical sense (for example, as defined by RS Peters, a philosopher of education) The feeling of isolation experienced by distance learning students is also often cited, although discussion forums, and other computer-based communication can in fact help ameliorate this and in particular can often encourage students to meet face-to-face, although meeting face-to-face is often not possible due to the disarray of student's physical locality Discussion groups can also be formed on-line Human interaction, faculty-to-student as well as faculty-to-student-to-faculty-to-student, should be encouraged in any form

Passage 5

LIFELONG LEARNING

Lifelong learning is the concept that "It's never too soon or too late for learning", a philosophy that has taken root in a whole host of different organizations Lifelong learning is attitudinal; that one can and should be open to new ideas, decisions, skills or behaviors Lifelong learning throws the axiom "You can't teach an old dog new tricks " out the door Lifelong learning sees citizens provided with learning opportunities at all ages and in numerous contexts: at work, at home and through leisure activities, not just through formal channels such, as school and higher education

Lifelong education is a form of pedagogy often accomplished through distance learning or e-learning, continuing education, homeschooling or correspondence courses It also includes postgraduate programs for those who want to improve their qualification, bring their skills up to date or retrain for a new line of work Internal corporate training has similar goals, with the concept of lifelong learning used by organizations to promote a more dynamic employee base, better able to react in an agile manner to a rapidly changing climate In later life; especially in retirement, continued learning takes diverse forms, crossing traditional academic bounds and including recreational activities

One of the reasons why lifelong education has become so important is the acceleration of scientific and technological progress Despite the increased duration of primary, secondary and university education (14-18 years depending on the country), the knowledge and skills acquired there are usually not sufficient for a professional career spanning three or four decades

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifelong—learning)

Passage 6

WHAT IS PROGRAM ASSESSMENT?

- Is the program, as implemented, consistent with its design?

- How well is the program achieving its goals and objectives (e.g., are administrators, teachers, students and staff more effectively managing conflict, are teachers' spending less time dealing with student conflicts and more time teaching?)

- Are participants satisfied with program implementation and outcomes?

- What changes may he needed to improve the program?

Assessment data are useful in finding out 'what works and what does not work in a program and may be a critical factor in decisions to modify or expand a program Officials and funders are looking for assessment data as they make decisions about future funding and support for programs Schools that are able to describe what they are producing in the way bf positive outcomes will be better positioned to receive continued program support

Planning for assessment at the time that you are setting up your program allows for appropriate data collection mechanisms to be established early on and avoids the potentially difficult and time-consuming process of trying to reconstruct useful data

ANSWER KEY

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT UNIT

UNIT 1

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ANSWER KEY Vocabulary

1 prepare

2 aid

3 available

4 various

5.preparatory

6 grade

7 systems

8 private

Comprehension check I

1.T 2.NG 3.F 4.F 5.T

6.F 7.NG 8.F 9.T 10.T

II

a.3 b.1 c.4 d.2 e.5

UNIT 2

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ANSWER KEY Vocabulary

1 curriculum

2 require

3.extreme

4 socialize

5 compulsory

6 data

7 pressure

8 concern

9 enroll

10 participate

Comprehension check Matching:

1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C

I

1.F 2.NG 3.F 4.F 5.T

6.T 7.T 8.NG 9.NG 10.T

II

1 From 5-6 to 16-18

2 No, they don't

3 Public

5 One of the followings:

They can tailor a more suitable curriculum to suit their children's strengths and weaknesses

They think that the negative social pressures of schools are bad for their child's development

6 One of the followings:

Some fear of poor academic quality/ loss of income for the schools/ religious or social extremism

Some believe that removing children from the school environment could hamper their ability to socialize with peers their own age

UNIT 3

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ANSWER KEY Vocabulary

1 emphasize

2 specialize

3 electives

4 concept

5 sophomore

6 obtain

7 offered

8 counterpart

Comprehension questions

1 To take electives in the areas they are considering for a career

2 It proves the curriculum varies widely in quality and rigidity

3 Science, Social Science, Maths, English, physical education

4 No, it doesn't

5 The availability of such courses depends upon each particular school's financial situation

6.c

Matching

1.k 2.f 3.b,1 4.a 5.h 6.i

7.d 8.e 9.c 10.m 11 g

Writing

b sophomore

c emphasis

g computers

d diploma

h common

UNIT 4

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ANSWER KEY Vocabulary

1 coordinate

2 attendance

3 contribute

4 distributed

5 diversity

6 individual

7 rank

8 proportion

Comprehension check I

1 two to four hours per day

2 a mixture of "curriculum" and social experience

3 a mixture of group games and freely - chosen plays organized individually or in small groups

4 theUnited States ranks relatively low in nursery school attendance

5 France, Sweden, and Japan

6 India and most countries in Africa

7 curriculum

8 theUnited States'

II

1.F 2.T 3.T 4.NG 5.F

UNIT 5

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ANSWER KEY

Vocabulary structure

2 regular

3 major

4 separate

5 severity

6 supplement

7 opportunity

8 equality

Matching

1.b 2.d 3.f 4.a 5.c 6.e

Comprehension check I

1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.D 7.D

Writing

1 education attend separate participate

5 guide • learning extra 8.opportunity

UNIT 6

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ANSWER KEY Vocabulary

1 qualifications

3 professional

6 aptitude

2 confused

4 guidance

7 subjectively

5 strengths

8 regret

Comprehension check When they are 16

2 To choose whether or not you continue at school

3 They continue studying for A levels

4 Yes, they can

5 To teachers who know you well; to older teenagers - those who have left school already, or those who are doing the A-level exams that you are going to and to a career adviser

6 To teachers who might teach you next year, to find out from them what your studies will be like

7 c, d and f

Writing

a continue

d four

b choices

e older teenagers

h asking

c qualification

f career advisers

UNIT 7

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ANSWER KEY Vocabulary

1 criteria

2 competing

3 admission

4 deficiencies

5 reputation

6 prestige

7 apply

Comprehension check

1.c 2.a 3.c 4.c 5.b

Para 1.b Para 2.a Para3.b Para 4.c

Writing

1 reputation

2 class ranking

3 requirements

4 community

5 Graduate

6 Criteria

7 professional experience

UNIT 8

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ANSWER KEY

Vocabulary

1 accommodation

2 average

3 cut down

4 cost

5 conduct

6 findings

7 underestimated

8 managed

Reading

Matching

1.d 2.e 3.b 4.c 5.a

Comprehension

I Factual information

1 1,700 500 Ê173 Ê 55

5 Ê28 36% Ê4,300 40%

II Vocabulary

1 according to

2 conducted by

3 the majority

5 underestimate

6 comment

7.findings

III

1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.NG 7.NG 8.F 9.F

UNIT 9

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ANSWER KEY

Vocabulary progress

4 attempt

7 adequate

2 errors

5 evaluate

8 criticizing

3 grasp

6 banned

Comprehension check A

1 to ensure that sts are achieving the desired level of minimum education and require that students and schools show adequate yearly progress

2 Students being educated at home or in private schools

3 For not evaluating a student's knowledge correctly, while being granted too much weight in the calculation of student's course grade

4 These students may take one or more standardized tests depending on their postsecondary education preferences and their local graduation requirements

5 Students in public schools statewide

B

1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.0 6.B 7.C

Writing

b evaluating

c granting

d attempts

e standardized

f learning

g applying

UNIT 10

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ANSWER KEY

Vocabulary

1 promotion

4 overhaul

7 decentralization

2 urgent

5 renovated

8 lagging

3 fundamental

6 empowered

Reading Comprehension. * Answer the questions

1 To continue renovating the curriculum and teaching methods

2 Because Vietnam's tertiary curriculum lags for decades behind those of developed countries

3 To revise the system university enrolment, and push up empowerment to universities

4 Because only when universities are assigned the responsibilities for their organization; management, training,' and use of financial and human resources, can their potentialities be brought into full play, helping to speed up educational reform

* True or false ?

1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T

* Choose the best answer:

SUPPLEMENTARY READING

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

Passage 1: Vocabulary

1 discouraged

2 principal

3 priority

4 collaborate

5 leadership

6 observer

7 intergrate

8 facilitate

Comprehension check A.

1 They said that they were engaged in new roles that had simply been "layered" over the old job

2 a few "superleaders"

3 the perceived workload

4 the conflict between the instructional leadership and the daily management chores

5 six key themes

6 the instructional leadership

B

1 F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T

C

Writing

a duties

b talented

c demands

d instructional leadership

e priority

f management chores

g six

h defining

i vision

Passage 2: Vocabulary

1 recommendations

4 competence

7 scrutinize

2 standards

5 assessing

8 formulate

3 achievements

6 decreased

Comprehension check A

1 On mathematics, reading and science

2 That means they were unable to carry out such everyday tasks as understanding printed instructions and filling out a job application

4 Six

5 He believed the most important thing you / we could was to have high expectations for students

6 America 's 17 year - old

7 President George Bush and the governors of all 50 states

B

1 B A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A

GLOSSARY

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

UNIT 1

a Tru?ng ti?u h?c

b.Tru?ng trung h?c co s?

c.Tru?ng trung h?c ph? thông

d.H? th?ng tru?ng h?c

e H?c sinh t?t nghi?p ph? thông

f Nhi?u lo?i hình ngh? nghi?p khác

g Tru?ng d?y ngh?

h Chuong trình ơn thi vào d?i h?c

i Tr? c?p v? tài

k H?c phí b?c d?i h?c

a primary school

b junior high school

c high school

d school system

e high school graduate

f various kinds of work

g vocational high schools

h college-preparatory course

i financial aid

UNIT 2

a Giáo d?c b?t bu?c

b Tu?i di h?c

c Tru?ng công / tru?ng tu

d Các s? li?u c?a ph?

e Ð?n tru?ng h?c

f Giai do?n ngh? hè

g Các ho?t d?ng l?p

h Do nhi?u nguyên nhân khác

i Xây d?ng chuong trình

j Thi?u nang h?c t?p

k Áp l?c tru?ng h?c

l S? phát tri?n c?a m?t d?a tr?

a mandatory education

b the age to attend school

c public / private school

d government data

e school attendance

f summer vacation

g class activities

h for various reasons

i tailor a curriculum

j learning disabilities

k pressures of school

UNIT 3

a Ngành h?c

b Chuyên sâu vào…

c Nh?n m?nh d?c bi?t

d Ch?t lu?ng d?y h?c

e Ph?n c?ng c?a chuong trình

f Ði?m d?

g Các mơn t? ch?n

h Hồn c?nh kinh t? / di?u ki?n kinh t?

a field of study

b specialize into

c special emphasis

d teaching and learning quality

e curriculum’s rigidity

f passing grade

g electives

h financial situation

UNIT 4

a Ð?c di?m c?a tru?ng m?m non

b Chuong trình h?c m?u giáo

c S? phát tri?n ngôn ng? vi?t

d Các k? nang d?c vi?t

e Giao ti?p xã h?i

g T? l? di h?c m?u giáo

h Các nu?c kinh t? phát tri?n

i Nh?ng sách c?a nhà nu?c

k Nh?ng cu?c tranh cãi dang di?n

a characteristics of nursery schools

b nursery programs

c oral language development

d literacy skills

e social experience / communication

f group games

g rates of nursery attendance

h economically developed nations

i national policies

k ongoing debates

UNIT 5

a H?c sinh câm di?c

b Các l?p h?c riêng bi?t

c Cùng kh?i lu?ng th?i gian nhu…

d M?c d? tr?m tr?ng c?a…

e Nh?ng v?n d? v? trí tu? th? l?c

f S? cham sóc d?y d? phù h?p

g M?c tiêu c?a nh?ng chuong trình

h S? ch? b?o c?n k? hon

a deaf and dumb students

b separate classes

c the same amount of time as

d severity of

e mental and physical problems

f adequate and quality care

g the goal of these programs

h extra instruction

i mentally retarded children

UNIT 6

a B?ng t?t nghi?p Ph? thông trung h?c

b B?ng c?p chuyên môn

c Ch?ng ch? h?c ngh?

d Ði?m m?nh di?m y?u

e Chuyên gia tu v?n ngh? nghi?p

f Nang khi?u

g L?i khuyên mang tính ch? quan

h Tiêu chí tuy?n sinh vào d?i h?c

i Ngh? nghi?p tuong lai

j Câu h?i (v?n d?) ch? y?u

a General Certificate of Secondary Education

b qualification

d strengths and weaknesses

e career adviser

f aptitude

g subjective advice

h (university) entrance requirements

i future career

j key questions

UNIT 7

a Giáo d?c sau ph? thông

b S? c?nh tranh

c Các tiêu chí d? du?c vào h?c

d K?t qu? thi

e X?p h?ng l?p

f Các ho?t d?ng ngo?i khoá

g Ngày n?p don

h Cao d?ng c?ng d?ng

i Song song v?i, d?ng th?i v?i

j K?t qu? h?c t?p d?i h?c

k Kinh nghi?m làm vi?c chuyên môn

m K? thi chu?n vào d?i h?c

a post-secondary education

b competition

c admission criteria

e class ranking

f extracurricular activities

g application date

h community college

i in conjunction with

k undergraduate academic performance

l professional experience

m standardised entrance exam

UNIT 8

a Phí t?n h?c d?i h?c

b Cách qu?n lí ti?n b?c

c C?t gi?m phí t?n di l?i

d Trang tr?i vi?c h?c hành

e K?t qu? di?u tra

f M?c n? trung bình c?a sinh viên

g Các kho?n chi phí khác

h Tr? giúp v? m?t tài

a cost of university life

b the way to manage money

c cut down on the cost of transport

d pay for studies

e the findings (of the survey)

f the average student debt

h financial aid

UNIT 9

a Ki?m tra gi?a kì

b Thi cu?i kì

c Ðánh giá dúng ki?n th?c c?a h?c sinh

d Kh? nang h?c

e B?c tranh toàn di?n v? kh? nang hi?u c?a h?c sinh

f Ti?n d? hàng nam

g Các thi chu?n

h V? m?t lí thuy?t

i Ði?m trung bình c?a h?c sinh

a midterm tests

b final examination

c evaluating a student's knowledge correctly

d learning aptitude

e comprehensive picture of a student's grasp of the material

f yearly progress

g standardised tests

h in theory

i student's course grade

UNIT 10

a Giáo d?c ? b?c d?i h?c

c Nh?ng môn h?c chuyên ngành

d Ch?t lu?ng t?o

e Chuong trình t?o theo don v? h?c trình

f Co s? v?t ch?t

g C?i cách qu?n lí giáo d?c d?i h?c

h S? lu?ng thí sinh dang kí m?i kì thi

a tertiary education

b completing skeletal curricula

c specialized subjects

d the quality of training

e credit based training

f material facilities

g renovate the management of tertiary education

h the number of candidates registering for each exam

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION

Special thanks to HUE, who initiated the project for this book; Elizabeth for her valuable guide and advice in working out the curriculum; and all our colleagues, friends and families for their continuous encouragement in the completion of this book

We are grateful to the following for the reading materials and photographs used in the book:

Markstein, Linda Developing Reading Skills.Heinle & Heinle Publishers

A division of Wadsworth, Inc Boston, Massachusetts 02116 for The Education System in the United States

Kelvin L Seifert.Nursery and preschool education Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CANADAR3T 2N2 for Nature and Extend of Nursery and Preschool

Gude K & Duckworth M (2002).Matrix.Pre-intermediute.OxfordUniversity Press for Report on the Cost of University.Life

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education—in—the—United—States for Schooling, Basic

Curricular Structure, Education of Students with Special Needs, College and University, Standardized Testing

http://www.acenet.edu//AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home The College Board, Trends in College Pricing: 2005 and U.S Department of Education, National centre for Education Statistics, National postsecondary Student Aid Study: 2003-2004 for Writing, Unit

CONTENTS

Introduction

Unit The school system of the United States

Unit Schooling

Unit Basic curricular structure

Unit Nursery and preschool education

Unit Education of students with special needs

Unit Choices for school leavers

Unit College or university

Unit Report on the cost of university life

Unit Standardized testing

Unit 10 Decentralization - a radical solution?

Passage 1.School leadership (Supplementary reading)

Passage Changing standard (Supplementary reading)

MINI SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS

ANSWER KEY

GLOSSARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

-// -HanoiNationalUniversity of Education

Faculty of English

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION Compiled by:

Nguyen Thi Ha, MA

(Amended and supplemerited)

2nd edition

UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION PUBLISHING HOUSE

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