English for education

ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION (Amended and supplemerited 2nd edition) Compiled by: Le Kim Dung, MA (Chief author) Nguyen Thi Ha, MA INTRODUCTION Brief description of the book Material collection This book is a theme-based collection of units developed for master learners at Hanoi University of Education For the most part, the texts were selected from various sources available on the Internet; the rest is from other books All the exercises, however, were designed by us The selection of the texts and the design of the exercises have been done with great concern for the needs and interests of our learners who are teachers involving in different fields of education (Nursery I Education, Primary Education, Special Education), as well as educators and educational managers Construction of the book The book contains ten units (about 350-400 words/each) dealing with different topics in education: educational system, curriculum, testing, management, current issues Each unit opens with vocabulary work to prepare the learners for their later reading The text will be followed by the comprehension check with a wide range of tasks to make sure that the learners have a thorough understanding of the text and to acquaint learners with different reading skills The speaking part will take learners back to their real working environment to talk about facts and problems, to express their own opinion on different aspects of education in Vietnam The writing has been compiled with a moderate aim of giving some guide and creating a favourable ground to the development of summary writing skill based on notes (from a discussion), or from a text Each unit ends with consolidation which, as its name suggests, focuses on the consolidation of vocabulary essential for the topic discussed At the end of the book, we also provide More supplementary readings for those who wish to spend more time exploring the language, Used in education All the kind of language supplied in this book will be crucial for learners to be partially successful in participating in some activities in which the language is instructional tool Intended conduction of the course For the formal study, the course should be conducted as follows: Number of credit: credits (90 class hours at 45 minutes each) Time: for the second and final phase of the English Language Course for master learners (Total class hours: 210) at Hanoi University of Education Pre-requisites: learners should have successfully completed the first phase of the English Language Course for master learners This means that they now should have sufficient knowledge of the language and learning skills to successfully deal with and to fully appreciate what is presented during this ESP (English for specific purpose) course Objectives By the end of the course the students should be able to - Read and comprehend small pieces of authentic materials closely related to their fields of study - Scan for needed information - Skim for general ideas - Identify main / supporting ideas in a reading - Guess the meaning of new words and terms based in the context of the reading - Summarize an article/ a discussion within 100-150 words - Describe or comment on different topics of education - Build up a live vocabulary concerning learners' major of about 1000 words - State a fact, or express an idea / opinion in their own words - Get involved in follow-up activities (Qs and As, comments, etc.) after reading a text - Translate small pieces of language (phrases, sentences, mini readings ) from English into Vietnamese and vice versa Assessment of this ESP course There are two types of assessment: Informal: on-going assessment for which learners are not graded but it is a way for the teacher to determine how well the learners are doing Formal: assessment of any work done by the learners that is evaluated and results in grades This will include: - Class participation: 10% - Completion of homework: 30% - Midcourse test: 60% The grading learners get from this ESP course will be added (at the rate of 40% on the total) to the final score of the whole English language course for master learners UNIT THE EDUCATION SUSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES * VOCABULARY Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning grade (n) School education is usually from grade to grade 12 At the end of grade 12, students prepare hard to go to university system (n) The public transport system in Hanoi is not good They are only buses which are usually crowded The United States has one of the best democratic systems of governments in the world include (v) This price does not include VAT, so you have to pay 10% more School education includes 12 years, while university education usually needs years graduate (n) A school graduate can either go, to university or start looking for a job A graduate is a student who has finished university prepare (v) Every student has to prepare carefully for their exam to enter university Have you prepared everything for your trip? preparatory (adj.) If you want to go to a university in England, you have to a preparatory English course to get ready for your study If they want to this job, they need a preparatory training vary (v)- various (adj.) They have tables of various sizes: small, big, and medium Not all sharks are the same They vary in weight and in size vocational (adj.) Vocational schools prepare students for various kinds of work Vocational schools train workers with various skills private (adj.) It looks like a hotel, but in fact it's a private house The public is usually interested in the private lives of the famous people aid (v), (n) My lesson becomes more interesting when I use teaching aids, such as pictures, films, cassette players and power point He needs a hearing aid to hear better available (adj.) This is the only available room in the hotel You not have any other choice Stamps are available at any post office tuition (n) Students in most universities have to pay tuition fee (money for their study) Children in primary schools in Vietnam not have to pay tuition Use the new words given in Vocabulary in its correct form and tense to fill in sentences — 8: He should everything well, so that he will be able to start his new life as soon as he arrives Financial… are in great need now for the people who are the victims of the earthquake I am… in the afternoon, so you can come and see me any time then They did not go to the party for… reasons School leavers who not wish to go to university need… guidance to know which job is suitable for them School usually starts with… His method of work has little… Thang Long is the first… university in Vietnam * READING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES Elementary school: Most children in the United States start school when they are five years old They go to kindergarten for one year and, then start first, grade when they are six The first school is called "elementary school", or "grade school" American children usually start to read when they are in the first and second grades The also begin to learn arithmetic and simple science and history Junior high school: After elementary school, children go to "junior high school" (sometimes it is called "middle school") In most 'sehoO1 systems junior high school includes seventh, eighth, and ninth grades, but sometimes it is only the seventh and eighth grades Junior high school students are usually 12 to 14 years old High school: High school (grades 10, 11 and 12) comes after junior high school Students usually graduate from high school when they are 17 or 18 There are different kinds of high schools Some high schools prepare students to go to college (college-preparatory high schools) Other high schools prepare students for' various kinds of work (vocational high schools) Many high schools have both college-preparatory courses and vocational courses Higher education: When students graduate from high school, they may go to the college or university They are more than 3,000 colleges and universities in the United States Some private colleges and universities are very expensive, but most state universities cost very little Financial aid (money from the government) is often available to help students pay at least part of their tuition Some form of higher education is available to every high school graduate Age Grade Kindergarten Elementary School – 10 1-5 Elementary School 11 – 13 6-8 Middle School / Junior High School 14 - 17 - 12 High School 18+ School College / University (Source: Developing Reading Skills, pp 67-68) COMPREHENSION CHECK I Read the following statements and say whether they are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG) according to the information from the text …1 Elementary school means the same as grade school …2 Children not the reading when they reach the third grade …3 Junior high school means the same as high school …4 Every junior high school includes seventh, eighth, and ninth grades .5 Students can graduate from high school when they are 17 All high schools have the same courses …7 Vocational courses are for those who are not academically good .8 You can not find both college-preparatory courses and vocational courses in the same high school School graduate can choose either a private or state college or university .10 Students can get money from the government for their study II Match the words (a — e) and phrases (1 — 5): a kindergarten the six years between kindergarten and junior high b elementary school school c junior high school the three years after junior high school d high school the year before elementary school e college the three years after elementary school after high school Answer: 1… 2… 3… 4… 5… * SPEAKING Work in group and discuss these questions about your country When children start school in your country? Do children go to kindergarten? How long is kindergarten? Is it compulsory? Is it good for children? How many years children spend in elementary school, junior high school and high school? Do you think this division is reasonable? Do high schools prepare children for various kind of work? Or they prepare them to go to college only? How many colleges and universities are there in Vietnam? How many of them are private ones? Do students pay tuition when they go to school or university? Are they cheap or expensive? Can they get financial aid? If yes, where can they get it? * WRITING Base on your answers in Speaking to write a short introduction (of about 150 words) about education system in Vietnam * CONSOLIDATION Find from the text equivalents for the following Vietnamese words and phrases: a Trường tiểu học b Trường trung học sở c Trường trung học phổ thông d Hệ thống trường học e Học sinh tốt nghiệp phổ thông f Nhiều loại hình nghề nghiệp khác g Trường dạy nghề h Chương trình ôn thi vào đại học i Trợ cấp tài k Học phí bậc đại học Translate the following sentences into English: a Học sinh thường tốt nghiệp phổ thông vào năm 18 tuổi b Hầu hết tỉnh nước có trường dạy nghề c Học sinh lớp 12 thường phải chuẩn bị cẩn thận cho kì thi vào đại học d Sinh viên đại học nhận giúp đỡ mặt tài từ phủ UNIT SCHOOLING * VOCABULARY Below is the list of the new words which are used in the text Look at the sentences to see how each new word is used and try to guess its meaning compulsory (adj.) Is History a compulsory subject at school? Does every student have to learn it? It is not compulsory for everybody to attend this meeting You can stay at home mandatory (adj.) In our company, attendance is mandatory at all meetings In Vietnam, primary education is mandatory Every child has to go to school require (v) — requirement (n) The situation requires quick actions Otherwise, it will be too late! Our immediate requirement is extra teachers for evening classes data (n) Very little data on Vietnam's education system is available in our library If you want to a survey, you have to collect data, then analyse it enrol (v) — enrolment (n) For in-service programs, more students enroll in evening classes than in day classes because during the day they have to go to work Every year, this school has an enrolment of about 800 students participate (+in) (v) UNIT 10 Vocabulary promotion overhaul decentralization urgent renovated lagging fundamental empowered Reading Comprehension * Answer the questions To continue renovating the curriculum and teaching methods Because Vietnam's tertiary curriculum lags for decades behind those of developed countries To revise the system university enrolment, and push up empowerment to universities Because only when universities are assigned the responsibilities for their organization; management, training,' and use of financial and human resources, can their potentialities be brought into full play, helping to speed up educational reform * True or false ? 1.F 2.T 3.T * Choose the best answer: 4.F 5.T 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.0 5.B 6.0 7.A 8.B SUPPLEMENTARY READING Passage 1: Vocabulary discouraged principal priority collaborate leadership observer intergrate facilitate Comprehension check A They said that they were engaged in new roles that had simply been "layered" over the old job a few "superleaders" the perceived workload the conflict between the instructional leadership and the daily management chores six key themes the instructional leadership B F C 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T A 2.C 3.B Writing a duties b talented c demands d instructional leadership e priority f management chores g six h defining i vision Passage 2: Vocabulary recommendations competence scrutinize standards assessing formulate achievements decreased Comprehension check A 4.A 5.B On mathematics, reading and science That means they were unable to carry out such everyday tasks as understanding printed instructions and filling out a job application American children watched too much TV Six He believed the most important thing you / we could was to have high expectations for students America's 17 year - old President George Bush and the governors of all 50 states B B A 3.B 4.C 5.A GLOSSARY UNIT a Trường tiểu học b.Trường trung học sở c.Trường trung học phổ thông d.Hệ thống trường học e Học sinh tốt nghiệp phổ thông f Nhiều loại hình nghề nghiệp khác g Trường dạy nghề h Chương trình ôn thi vào đại học i Trợ cấp tài k Học phí bậc đại học 6.B 7.B 8.A a primary school b junior high school c high school d school system e high school graduate f various kinds of work g vocational high schools h college-preparatory course i financial aid k tuition UNIT a Giáo dục bắt buộc b Tuổi học c Trường công / trường tư d Các số liệu phủ e Đến trường học f Giai đoạn nghỉ hè g Các hoạt động lớp h Do nhiều nguyên nhân khác i Xây dựng chương trình j Thiểu học tập k Áp lực trường học l Sự phát triển đứa trẻ a mandatory education b the age to attend school c public / private school d government data e school attendance f summer vacation g class activities h for various reasons i tailor a curriculum j learning disabilities k pressures of school l a child's development UNIT a Ngành học b Chuyên sâu vào… c Nhấn mạnh đặc biệt d Chất lượng dạy học e Phần cứng chương trình f Điểm đỏ g Các môn tự chọn h Hoàn cảnh kinh tế / điều kiện kinh tế a field of study b specialize into c special emphasis d teaching and learning quality e curriculum’s rigidity f passing grade g electives h financial situation UNIT a Đặc điểm trường mầm non b Chương trình học mẫu giáo c Sự phát triển ngôn ngữ viết d Các kỹ đọc viết e Giao tiếp xã hội f Trò chơi tập thể g Tỉ lệ học mẫu giáo h Các nước kinh tế phát triển i Những sách nhà nước k Những tranh cãi diễn a characteristics of nursery schools b nursery programs c oral language development d literacy skills e social experience / communication f group games g rates of nursery attendance h economically developed nations i national policies k ongoing debates UNIT a Học sinh câm điếc b Các lớp học riêng biệt c Cùng khối lượng thời gian như… d Mức độ trầm trọng của… e Những vấn đề trí tuệ thể lực f Sự chăm sóc đầy đủ phù hợp g Mục tiêu chương trình h Sự bảo cặn kẽ i Trẻ em chậm phát triển trí tuệ a deaf and dumb students b separate classes c the same amount of time as d severity of e mental and physical problems f adequate and quality care g the goal of these programs h extra instruction i mentally retarded children UNIT a Bằng tốt nghiệp Phổ thông trung học b Bằng cấp chuyên môn c Chứng học nghề d Điểm mạnh điểm yếu e Chuyên gia tư vấn nghề nghiệp f Năng khiếu g Lời khuyên mang tính chủ quan h Tiêu chí tuyển sinh vào đại học i Nghề nghiệp tương lai j Câu hỏi (vấn đề) chủ yếu a General Certificate of Secondary Education b qualification c vocational qualification d strengths and weaknesses e career adviser f aptitude g subjective advice h (university) entrance requirements i future career j key questions UNIT a Giáo dục sau phổ thông b Sự cạnh tranh c Các tiêu chí để vào học d Kết thi e Xếp hạng lớp f Các hoạt động ngoại khoá g Ngày nộp đơn h Cao đẳng cộng đồng i Song song với, đồng thời với j Kết học tập đại học k Kinh nghiệm làm việc chuyên môn m Kỳ thi chuẩn vào đại học a post-secondary education b competition c admission criteria d test score e class ranking f extracurricular activities g application date h community college i in conjunction with k undergraduate academic performance l professional experience m standardised entrance exam UNIT a Phí tổn học đại học b Cách quản lí tiền bạc c Cắt giảm phí tổn lại d Trang trải việc học hành e Kết điều tra f Mức nợ trung bình sinh viên g Các khoản chi phí khác h Trợ giúp mặt tài a cost of university life b the way to manage money c cut down on the cost of transport d pay for studies e the findings (of the survey) f the average student debt g other expenses h financial aid UNIT a Kiểm tra kì b Thi cuối kì c Đánh giá kiến thức học sinh d Khả học e Bức tranh toàn diện khả hiểu học sinh f Tiến độ hàng năm g Các thi chuẩn h Về mặt lí thuyết i Điểm trung bình học sinh a midterm tests b final examination c evaluating a student's knowledge correctly d learning aptitude e comprehensive picture of a student's grasp of the material f yearly progress g standardised tests h in theory i student's course grade UNIT 10 a Giáo dục bậc đại học b Hoàn thành khung chương trình c Những môn học chuyên ngành d Chất lượng đào tạo e Chương trình đào tạo theo đơn vị học trình f Cơ sở vật chất g Cải cách quản lí giáo dục đại học h Số lượng thí sinh đăng kí kì thi a tertiary education b completing skeletal curricula c specialized subjects d the quality of training e credit based training f material facilities g renovate the management of tertiary education h the number of candidates registering for each exam ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to HUE, who initiated the project for this book; Elizabeth for her valuable guide and advice in working out the curriculum; and all our colleagues, friends and families for their continuous encouragement in the completion of this book We are grateful to the following for the reading materials and photographs used in the book: Markstein, Linda Developing Reading Skills Heinle & Heinle Publishers A division of Wadsworth, Inc Boston, Massachusetts 02116 for The Education System in the United States Kelvin L Seifert Nursery and preschool education Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CANADA R3T 2N2 for Nature and Extend of Nursery and Preschool Gude K & Duckworth M (2002) Matrix Pre-intermediute Oxford University Press for Report on the Cost of University Life http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education—in—the—United—States for Schooling, Basic Curricular Structure, Education of Students with Special Needs, College and University, Standardized Testing http://www.acenet.edu//AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home The College Board, Trends in College Pricing: 2005 and U.S Department of Education, National centre for Education Statistics, National postsecondary Student Aid Study: 2003-2004 for Writing, Unit We are unable to trace the source holders of School Leadership, Decentralization and the photographs; and would appreciate any information which would enable us to so CONTENTS Introduction Unit The school system of the United States Unit Schooling Unit Basic curricular structure Unit Nursery and preschool education Unit Education of students with special needs Unit Choices for school leavers Unit College or university Unit Report on the cost of university life Unit Standardized testing Unit 10 Decentralization - a radical solution? Passage School leadership (Supplementary reading) Passage Changing standard (Supplementary reading) MINI SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ANSWER KEY GLOSSARY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -// Hanoi National University of Education Faculty of English ENGLISH FOR EDUCATION Compiled by: Le Kim Dung, MA (Chief author) Nguyen Thi Ha, MA (Amended and supplemerited) 2nd edition UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION PUBLISHING HOUSE ... hours at 45 minutes each) Time: for the second and final phase of the English Language Course for master learners (Total class hours: 210) at Hanoi University of Education Pre-requisites: learners... from English into Vietnamese and vice versa Assessment of this ESP course There are two types of assessment: Informal: on-going assessment for which learners are not graded but it is a way for. .. A nursery programs prepares a child for elementary school Plays chosen for nursery education are all children's plays The social experiences are just for improving social skills All Japanese