LEADERSHIP: ng co 2d Edition c om Theory, Application, Skill Development an Robert N Lussier and Christopher F Achua ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d du o This presentation edited and enhanced by: George W Crawford cu u Asst Prof of Mgmt Clayton College & State University Morrow, GA 30260 georgecrawford@mail.clayton.edu 3-1 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om an co ng Chapter th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d cu u du o ng Leadership Behavior and Motivation 3-2 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Chapter Learning Outcomes an co ng • University of Iowa leadership styles • University of Michigan and Ohio State University leadership models • Ohio State University leadership model and the leadership grid • Three content motivation theories • Four types of reinforcement • Content, process, and reinforcement theories cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-3 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om an co ng What is leadership style? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-4 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt co ng c om Leadership Style an The combination of traits, skills, and behaviors leaders use as they interact with followers cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-5 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt co ng c om University of Iowa Leadership Styles an Autocratic Democratic cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d Source: Adapted from K Lewin, R Lippett, and R.K White, 1939 “Patterns of Aggressive Behavior in Experimentally Created Social Climates.” Journal of Social Psychology 10:271301 3-6 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt an co ng c om The University of Michigan Leadership Model: Two leadership styles, one dimension ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d cu u du o Job Centered Employee Centered Leadership Style…… Leadership Style Source: R Likert, 1961, New Patterns of Management, New York: McGraw-Hill 3-7 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt The Ohio State University Leadership Model: Four leadership styles, two dimensions c om ng High High Structure and High Consideration an co Low Structure and High Consideration ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d u du o Low Structure High Structure and and Low Low Consideration Low Consideration cu C O N S I D E R A T I O N Ohio State University Initiating Structure Low High Source: R Likert, 1961, New Patterns of Management, New York: McGraw-Hill 3-8 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om an co ng What is the best leadership style? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-9 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt ng c om What is the best leadership style? an co The one which works for the individual leader in a specific time and in a specific environment cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-10 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt an co ng c om How Can a Leader Motivate Using Reinforcement? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-43 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt • Set clear objectives c om Motivating with Reinforcement – Employees must understand what is expected ng • Use appropriate rewards co – Must be seen as rewards an • Use the appropriate reinforcement schedule • Do not reward unworthy performance • Look for the positive • Give sincere praise • Do things for your employees cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-44 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Give Sincere Praise an co ng Tell what was done well Tell why it is important Take a moment of silence Encourage continued good work th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d ng – – – – c om • People will know if you mean it • Praise Model (Person to Person) du o • Learn to give praise easily cu u – It is an effective and inexpensive motivational tool 3-45 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt an co ng c om Which Motivation Theory is the “Correct” Model? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-46 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Which Motivation Theory is the “Correct” Model? an co ng • All of them • None of them • None works in all environments, in all situations, or for all people th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d du o ng – Leader must be flexible cu u • Knowledge of all theories will help in determining the correct way to motivate in a given situation 3-47 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Discussion Question #1 an co ng • How is leadership behavior based on traits? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-48 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Discussion Question #2 an co ng • Do you agree with the University of Michigan model (with two leadership styles) or with the Ohio State model (with four leadership styles)? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-49 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Discussion Question #3 an co ng • What are three important contributions of the University of Michigan and Ohio State University studies? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-50 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Discussion Question #4 an co ng • What are three important contributions of the Leadership Grid and highhigh research? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-51 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Discussion Question #5 an co ng • What is motivation, and why is it important to know how to motivate employees? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-52 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Discussion Question #6 an co ng • Which of the four content motivation theories you prefer? • Why? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-53 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Discussion Question #7 an co ng • Which of the three process motivation theories you prefer? • Why? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-54 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Discussion Question #8 an co ng • Reinforcement theory is unethical because it is used to manipulate employees • Do you agree with this statement? • Explain your answer cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-55 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt .c om Discussion Question #9 an co ng • Which motivation theory you feel is the best? • Why? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-56 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt Discussion Question #10 an co ng c om • What is your motivation theory? • What major methods, techniques, and so on, you plan to use on the job as a manager to increase motivation and performance? cu u du o ng th C o p y r ig h t © 0 b y S o u t h - W e s t e r n , d iv is io n o f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d 3-57 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights reserved CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt ... University of Iowa leadership styles • University of Michigan and Ohio State University leadership models • Ohio State University leadership model and the leadership grid • Three content motivation theories... f T h o m s o n L e a r n in g A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d cu u du o ng Leadership Behavior and Motivation 3- 2 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning All rights... Adapted from K Lewin, R Lippett, and R.K White, 1 939 “Patterns of Aggressive Behavior in Experimentally Created Social Climates.” Journal of Social Psychology 10:27 130 1 3- 6 Copyright ©2004 by South-Western,