PREPOSITIONS LI THUYET BAI TAP DAP AN

• IN (trong, ở trong) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trong một diện tích, một không gian; dùng trước tên đường, tên thị trấn, thành phố, quốc gia, miền, phương hướng hoặc dùng với các phương [r]

PrepositionsPrepositions

Giới từ từ hay cụm từ thường dùng trước danh từ hay đại từ để mối liên hệ từ với thành phần khác câu

I Các loại giới từ (Kinds of preposition): 1 Giới từ thời gian (Prepositions of time):

• IN (trong, vào) dùng để buổi ngày (ngoại trừ at night), tháng, năm, mùa, thập niên, kỷ khoảng thời gian tương lai

Ex: in the morning, in January, in 1990, in the summer, in the 1990s, in the 20th century, in the Middle Age, in ten minutes

IN TIME: lúc, kịp lúc

Ex: Will you be home in time for dinner?

• AT (vào lúc) dùng để thời điểm kỳ nghỉ (tòan ngày kỳ nghỉ)

Ex: at o’clock, at night, at noon, at midnight, at bedtime, at dawn, at the weekend, at Christmas, at New Year, at Easter

At : dùng số cụm từ thời gian: at the moment, at present, at the same time, at once, at that time, at first, at last

• ON (vào) dùng để ngày tuần, ngày tháng năm, ngày kỳ nghỉ buổi ngày cụ thể

Ex: on Monday, on 5th January, on Christmas Day, on Monday morning, on one’s birthday

ON TIME: giờ

Ex: The train arrived right on time

• FOR (trong) + khoảng thời gian: for two months, for a long time • SINCE (từ, từ khi) + mốc thời gian: since last Monday, since 2002 • UNTIL/ TILL (đến, cho đến): until o’clock, till midnight

• BEFORE (trước, trước khi): before lunchtime • AFTER (sau, sau khi): after luchtime

• DURING (trong, suốt): during World War II • BY (vào lúc): by the end of May

• FROM … TO (từ … đến): from morning to noon 2 Giới từ nơi chốn (Prepositions of place): • AT (ở, tại) dùng để vị trí điểm

Ex: at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the airport, at the office, at the cinema, at the seaside, at the grocer’s, at the top/ bottom, at the beginning/ end, at the front/ back * Lưu ý: arrive at the village/ the airport/ the railway station

But: arrive in Vietnam/ Ho Chi Minh City

• IN (trong, trong) dùng để vị trí diện tích, khơng gian; dùng trước tên đường, tên thị trấn, thành phố, quốc gia, miền, phương hướng dùng với phương tiện lại xe (car)

Ex: in a box, in a small room, in the countryside, in the world, in Oxford Street, in London, in Vietnam, in the east, in a car/ taxi

* Lưu ý: in a car (trong xe hơi), but: by car (bằng xe hơi)

Ex : on the table, on the wall, on the ground, on the first floor, on Albert Street, on a bus/ train/ plane/ (motor)bike/ horse, on foot

On cịn dùng số cụm từ: on the left/ right, on the farm, on the coast/ beach, on TV/ radio…

• ABOVE/ OVER (bên – không tiếp xúc với bề mặt) Ex: Her name comes above mine on the list

The sign over the door said: “Exit” • UNDER/ BELOW (ở dưới, dưới) Ex: The shoes are under the chair

The temperature has fallen below zero

• IN FRONT OF (ở phía trước), BEHIND (ở phía sau), IN THE MIDDLE OF (ở giữa) Ex: I my raincoat in front of/ behind the door

• NEAR (gần)

Ex: Is there a train station near here?

• NEXT TO, BY, BESIDE (bên cạnh, kế bên) Ex: Peter is standing by the gate

• BETWEEN (ở hai người/ vật), AMONG (ở nhiều người/ vật) Ex: Tom is sitting between Mary and Peter

Tom is among the crowd

• INSIDE (ở bên trong), OUTSIDE (ở bên ngòai)

Ex: Luckily, no one was inside the building when it collapsed • OPPOSITE (đối diện)

Ex: They sat opposite each other

3 Giới từ chuyển động (Prepositions of movement): • TO (đến)

Ex: He goes to school by bus • FROM … TO (từ … đến)

Ex: How far is it from New York to California? • THROUGH (xuyên qua)

Ex: They walked through the woods • ACROSS (ngang qua)

Ex: The children ran straight across in front of our car • ROUND/ AROUND (quanh)

Ex: The earth moves round/ around the sun • ALONG (dọc theo)

Ex: We had a walk along the river bank • UP (lên)/ DOWN (xuống)

Ex: We followed her up the stair • TOWARD(S) (về phía)

Ex: Mary stood up and walked towards Peter 4 Một số giới từ khác:

- Giới từ mục đích: for, to, in order to, so as to (để) - Giới từ nguyên nhân: for, because of, owning to (bởi vì) - Giới từ phương tiện: by, with (bằng), through (nhờ qua) - Giới từ thể cách: with ( với), without (khơng có)

II Giới từ theo sau danh từ, tính từ động từ (Prepositions following nouns, adjectives, and verbs):

1 Noun + preposition: FOR

affection for: yêu mến need for: cần thiết cho demand for: nhu cầu reputation for: tiếng reason for: lý regret for: nuối tiếc

responsibility for: trách nhiệm admiration for: khâm phục talent for: tài desire for: mong muốn cure for: việc chữa trị cho

IN

rise in: phát triển, tăng increase in: phát triển, tăng decresase in: giảm belief in: tin

experience in: có kinh nghiệm interest in: thích, quan tâm delay in: trì hõan

OF

cause of: nguyên nhân advantage/ disadvantage of: thuận lợi/ bất lợi knowledge of: kiến thức lack of: thiếu

opinion of: ý kiến benefit of: lợi ích

example of: ví dụ sense of: ý thức

TO

damage to: hư hại invitation to: lời mời reaction to: phản ứng solution to: giải pháp attitude to: thái độ access to: phương tiện threat to: đe dọa reply to: đáp lại ON

effect on: ảnh hưởng influence on: ảnh hưởng advice on: khuyên report on: báo cáo WITH

relationship with: mối quan hệ connection with: liên quan với contact with: tiếp xúc với association with: kết giao với link with: liên kết với trouble with: có vấn đề với BETWEEN

difference between: khác biệt comparison between: so sánh 2 Adjective + preposition:

ABOUT

annoyed (with sb) about: bực tức excited about: hào hứng anxious/ worried about: lo lắng furious about: điên tiết careful about: cẩn thận happy about: hạnh phúc

careless about: bất cẩn sad/ upset about: buồn/ thất vọng concerned about: quan tâm serious about: nghiêm túc confused about: nhầm lẩn sorry about/ for: xin lỗi AT

amazed at: kinh ngạc good at: dở (good for: tốt cho) bad at: dở (bad for: xấu cho) quick at: nhanh nhẹn

excellent at: xuất sắc surprised at: ngạc nhiên FOR

available for: có sẵn late for: trễ

eager for: nóng lịng chờ necessary for: cần thiết cho eligible for: xứng đáng cho responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm famous for: tiếng useful for: có ích cho

known for: tiếng FROM

absent from: vắng mặt free from/ of: thóat khỏi different from: khác với safe from: an tòan IN

disappointed in/ with: thất vọng involved in: có liên quan interested in: quan tâm rich in: giàu có, phong phú successful in: thành công

OF

afraid of: sợ full of: đầy

ahead of: trước guilty of: có tội

ashamed of: hổ thẹn independent of: độc lập aware/ conscious of: ý thức jealous of: ghen tị capable of: có khả proud of: tự hào certain of/ about: scared of: hoảng sợ confident of: tự tin short of: cạn kiệt envious of: ghen tị sure of:

fond of: thích tired of: chán

frightened of: sợ typical of: tiêu biểu TO

accustomed to: quen grateful to sb for sth: biết ơn addicted to: nghiện opposed to: phản đối

committed to: tận tụy harmful to: có hại cho contrary to: trái với important to: quan trọng với dedicated to: tận tụy married to: thành với devoted to: tận tâm open to: mở cho

equal to: với similar to: tương tự với essential to/ for: cần thiết cho

WITH

acquainted with: quen với friendly with: thân thiện

angry with/ at sb about sth: giận happy with/ about: hạnh phúc angry with/ at sb for doing sth: giận honest with: thành thật với bored with/ fed up with: chán với identical with: giống hệt với busy with: bận rộn với impatient with: kiên nhẫn với crowded with: đông đúc patient with: kiên nhẫn với

disappointed with: thất vọng pleased/ satisfied with: hài lòng với familiar with: quen thuộc với popular with: phổ biến với

OF/ TO

generous/ good/ kind/ nice/ polite/ rude/ stupid… of sb to sth 3 Verb + preposition:

ABOUT

care about sb/ sth: coi trọng remind sb about sth: nhắc nhớ (care for: thích) (remind sb of sb/ sth: gợi nhớ đến) complain about: phàn nàn talk about sb/ sth: nói chuyện dream about/ of sb/ sth: mơ tell sb about sb/ sth: nói với forget about: quên think about/ of sb/ sth: nghĩ hear about sth: nghe nói warn sb about/ of sth: cảnh báo (hear from sb: nghe tin tức ai) worry about: lo lắng

learn about: biết AT

aim (sth) at sb/ sth: nhắm vào shout at sb: la mắng arrive at/ in: đến (shout to sb: goi lớn ai) glance at sb/ sth: liếc nhìn smile at sb: mỉm cười với laugh at sb: cười nhạo stare at sb/ sth: nhìn chăm look at sb/ sth: nhìn vào throw sth at sb: ném mạnh vào point (sth) at sb/ sth: chĩa vào (throw sth to sb: ném cho bắt) FOR

apply for sth: nộp đơn xin leave (a place) for: rời để đến account for: giải thích look for sb/ sth: tìm kiếm

apologize for: xin lỗi (look after sb/ sth: chăm sóc) ask sb for sth: yêu cầu pay for sth: trả tiền cho blame sb for sth: đổ lỗi cho search for sb/ sth: tìm kiếm excuse for: xin lỗi thank sb for (doing) sth: cảm ơn forgive sb for (doing) sth: tha thứ wait for sb/ sth: chờ đợi

hope for sth: hy vọng FROM

escape from: trốn thóat khỏi protect sb from sth: bảo vệ

prevent sb from (doing) sth: ngăn chặn suffer from sth: chịu, bị (bệnh, đau khổ…) IN

believe in sb/ sth: tin vào specialize in sth: chuyên

participate in: tham gia succeed in (doing) sth: thành công INTO

crash into: tông, đụng vào divide/ split into: chia

cut into: cắt thành translate (from a language) into: dịch OF

accuse sb of (doing) sth: buộc tội disapprove of sth: không đồng ý approve of: đồng ý, chấp thuận hear of: nghe tin

consist of sb/ sth: bao gồm suspect sb of (doing) sth: nghi ngờ die of/ from: chết think of: nghĩ

ON

concentrate on sth: tập trung vào live onsb/ sth: sống nhờ vào congratulate sb on (doing) sth: chúc mừng plan on: kế hoạch

depend on: phụ thuộc spend (money) on sth: tiêu (tiền) insist on (doing) sth: nài nỉ

TO

adapt to: thích nghi explain sth to sb: giải thích cho add to: thêm vào happen to sb/ sth: xảy với adjust to: điều chỉnh listen to: lắng nghe

apologize to sb for (doing) sth: xin lỗi object to: phản đối

complain to sb about sth: phàn nàn prefer … to …: thích … describe sth to sb: mơ tả cho talk/ speak to sb: nói với devote to: cống hiến

WITH

agree with: đồng ý fill with: làm đầy

argue with: cãi với provide sb with sth: cung cấp collide with: tông, đụng vào (provide sth for sb: cung cấp) communicate with: giao tiếp supply sb with sth: cung cấp compare with/to: so sánh (supply sth to sb: cung cấp) EXERCISES

I Fill in each blank with the correct preposition. The price of electricity is going up _ August They came to visit us _ my birthday

3 Did you have a good time _ Christmas?

4 The children are really excited _ their summer vacation We were very disappointed _ the organization of the festival John missed a lot of lessons He was ill _ January to March

7 Helen had said goodbye to everybody in the class _ she left for the hometown My cat is very fond _ fish

9 I waited _ 10 o’clock and then went home

10 I can’t remember exactly when the accident happened I think it was _ nine and half past nine

11 Are you acquainted _ the lady?

12 _ the children left, the house was very quiet 13 These photographs were taken _ a friend of mine 14 The river Rhine flows _ the North sea

15 I shall meet you _ the corner _ the street 16 I always come _ school _ foot

17 He had learned the whole poem _ heart 18 He has waited _ her for a long time

19 He’s not very keen _ watching football, but his wife is 20 Are you worried _ the final examination?

II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

1 _ time _ time I will examine you on the work you have done

A From / to B At / to C In / to D With / to

2 This village is inhabited _ tens of thieves

A with B to C by D for

A on B for C to D with Make a comment _ this sentence!

A to B in C on D about

5 He’s a very wealthy man; a few hundred pounds is nothing _ him

A for B with C to D about

6 She does not show much affection _ him

A with B in C for D to

7 The clerk _ that counter said those purses were _ sale

A in/ for B at/ on C at/ in D on/ on

8 Someone broke into the shop and made _ with several TVs and videos

A of B up C out D off

9 Old people like to descant _ past memories

A in B with C on D for

10 You should comply _ the school rules

A to B about C with D in

11 The people next door are furious _ us _ making so much noise last night A at/ with B with/ for C for/ to D about/ in 12 The Vietnamese participants always take part _ sports events with great enthusiasm

A in B on C at D to

13 He isn’t independent _ any means He depends _ his father _ everything A by/ on/ in B for/ on/ in C of/ in/ for D on/ in/ with 14 He may be quick _ understanding but he isn’t capable _ remembering anything

A in/ of B on/ at C at/ of D of/ at

15 Mum is always busy _ her work in the laboratory

A with B at C in D of

16 Lan will stay there _ the beginning in September _ November

A from/ to B till/ to C from/ in D till/ of 17 I would like to apply _ the position of sales clerk that you advised in the Sunday newspaper

A for B to C with D in

18 I have been looking _ this book for months, and at last, I have found it

A over B up C for D at

19 My sister is very fond _ eating chocolate candy

A of B with C about D at

20 Who’s going to look _ the children while you’re away?

A at B up C after D over

ANSWER:

I in on at about with

6 from before of until 10 between

11 with 12 After 13 by 14 into 15 at/ of

16 to/ on 17 by 18 for 19 on 20 about