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Some of the reasons for poverty among ethnic minority groups are lack of education, high birth rates, and poor communication and transportation..3. Choose the word that has the underline[r]
(1)UNIT - WORLD POPULATION I Match a word in A with its meaning or definition in B.
A B
1 increase (v) a a point or line that must not be passed 2 double (v) b that you can get, buy, use
3 population
(n) c to make sth twice as much or as many
4 support (v) d a detailed and careful study of sth to find out more informationabout it 5 raise (v) e to make a plant or animal so that you can use it
6 limit (n) f to make sth larger in number or amount 7 available
(a) g a number of people who live in a particular place 8 research
(n) h to give or provide sb with the money he / she needs for food,clothes
II Fill each gap with one suitable word in column A of exercise I Make any changes in the form if necessary.
1 The number of people working from home will steadily during the next decade. 2 The price of houses has almost
3 What is the of your country?
4 Jim has to two children from his previous marriage. 5 In New Zealand sheep are for meat and wool. 6 No lorries are allowed within a three-mile
7 This information is easily to everyone at the local library. 8 Market has shown that many people now prefer lager beer. III Complete each sentence, using if, unless, or would
1 I would help him he asked me. 2 What you if you saw a snake? 3 I don't feel happy I swim every day. 4 .you like to see my stamp collection? 5 Come on! we hurry, we'll miss the plane!
6 We'll have lunch outside in the garden, it's too cold. 7 John win more races if he trained harder.
8 : you feel like a chat, phone me tonight.
IV Rewrite each comment, beginning as shown Do not change the meaning. 1 Why don't you leave now? That's what I would do.
If 2 Imagine you lived on Mars How would you feel?
How 3 I think you should buy a bike That's what I would do.
If 4 Imagine you were rich What would you do?
What 5 Supposing Jim came with us, what would you say?
What 6 I didn't realize you were tired when I asked you to go for a walk.
(2)If 8 Imagine you owned a robot What would you do?
What V Put the sentences into reported speech.
1 "If the weather is fine, I will go on a picnic with my friends," she said to me. 2 "What would you if you had three days off?" I asked him.
3 "I would have come to see you if I had known you were ill, Jim," he] said. 4 "I'm sure she will help you if you ask her," he told me.
5 "If today were Sunday, we wouldn't go to school," they said to me. 6 She said to me, "If I were you, I wouldn't tell her about this, Tom."
7 She said to me, "There would not be enough seats if a lot of guestscame." 8 "You will be surprised if you meet him," Peter said to me.
VI Put the words in the correct columns
already international family population organisation limitation probably important • • • • • • • • • • • •
VII Read the text and answer the questions below.
Vietnam's population, which is growing at a rate of about 2.1 per cent annually, stands at over 76 million. The country has an overall population density of 225 people per square kilometer, although in some areas that figure stands at over 1,000 while in isolated areas the numbers are significantly less.
Ten per cent of the total population is made up ethnic minority groups The vast majority of these people live in mountainous regions In the early 1990s, the number of households living below the poverty line in these highland areas was much higher than the national average.
The reasons for the scale of this Poverty are varied - lack of education, high birth rates, and poor communication and transportation Droughts, storms and floods cause even greater hardship for these isolated communities.
Questions 1 What's Vietnam's population?
2 By how much is Vietnam's population increasing every year? 3 What overall population density does Vietnam have?
4 What percentage of the total population is made up ethnic minority groups? 5 What are some of the reasons for poverty among ethnic minority groups?
(3)KEY
I f c 3 g h e a 7 b d II
l increase 2 doubled / increased 3 population 4 support
5 raised 6 limit 7 available 8 research
III
1 if 2 would 3 Unless 4 Would 5 unless 6 unless 7 would 8 If IV
1 If I were you, I'd leave now.
2 How would you feel if you lived on Mars? 3 If I were you, I would buy a bike.
4 What would you if you were rich? 5 What would you say if Jim came with us?
6 If I had realized you were tired, I wouldn't have asked you to go for a walk. 7 If I had turned left at the station, I wouldn't have lost my way.
8 What would you if you owned a robot? V
1 She told me (that) if the weather were fine, I would go on a picnic with her friends. 2 I asked him what he would you if he had three days off.
3 He told Jim (that) he would have come to see Jim if he had known Jim were ill. 4 He told me (that) he was sure she would help me if I asked her.
5 They told me (that) if that day were Sunday, they wouldn't go to school 6 She told Tom (that) if she were Tom, she wouldn't tell her about that.
7 She told me (that) there would not be enough seats if a lot of guests came. 8 Peter told me (that) I would be surprised if I met him
VI.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • already
important probablyfamily populationlimitation international organisation VII
1 Vietnam's population is over 76 million.
2 Every year Vietnam's population is increasing at a rate of 2.1 per cent
3 Vietnam has an overall population density of 225 people per square kilometer. 4 Ten per cent of the total population is made up ethnic minority groups.
(4)UNIT : WORLD POPULATION
I. Put the following words into the correct categories.
glory, chronology, criminal, clear, struggle, quiet, growth, climate, Christmas, congratulate, choir, club, ugly, clothes, graduate, agreement, equipment, create, question, greeting, chloride, craft, glamor, earthquake, background, crowded, increase, English
/ kl / _ / gl / _ / kr / _ / gr/ _ / kw/ _
II Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1 a figure b grow c organize d average
2 a question b discotheque c technique d antique a increase b expect c resource d continue a government b gold c give d enough
5 a earth b growth c although d third a chloride b Christmas c choir d chronology a limit b figure c iron d billion
8 a great b available c raise d said a decreased b used c reached d developed 10 a program b earth c birth d produce
III Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
(5)10 a method b women c something d support
IV Choose the best answer.
1 The population of the world has been increasing faster and faster
a becoming greater in number b getting smaller in amount c going limited d raisid raising uncontrollably There are also limits to amounts of petroleum, iron, silver, gold, and other metals
a qualities b numbers c quantities d totals Although I asked him twice, he had no answer
a reply b talk c demand d method In 10,000 B.C., there were probably only 10 million people all over the world
a almost certainly b surely c quite d mostly After a pause, the lecturer continued speaking
a put out b made up c went on d took over The rapid growth of population led to an acute of housing
a shortfall b shortcut c shortcoming d shortage The population of the world is growing at a dangerous
a amount b rate c figure d way One third of the world’s population two thirds of the world’s resources
a drains b absorbs c consumes d supports Pressure on natural resources will as we face a population explosion
a increase b decrease c decline d raise
10 Our school has managed to collect a lot of books to to the children in a village school a publish b distribute c employ d depart 11 Some scientists say that there are enough resources to billion people
a provide b distribute c raise d support 12 is a kind of fossil fuels, which is used for operating engines
a Iron b Silver c Gold d Petroleum 13 He has to work very hard to earn enough to his big family
a reach b govern c limit d support 14 earth is overpopulated
(6)a expensive b inexpensive c expensively d inexpensively 16 Are you interested in doing research?
a science b scientist c scientific d scientifically 17 Many governments are trying to control the population
a grow b growth c grew d grown 18 Her first novel has been acclaimed as a masterpiece
a nation b national c international d internationally 19 Better health care and agriculture have led to rapid population
a grow b growing c grown d growth 20 There is no to how much fresh fruit you can eat in a day, isn’t there?
a limit b limitation c limited d limiting 21 Like many other baby birds, ducklings are blind birth
a of b at c on d from 22 People are not aware the problem of overpopulation
a for b of c at d in 23 Scientists say that the main reason population explosion is an increase in birth rates a of b to c for d in 24 Lack food had stunted his growth
a of b in c for d on 25 Nigeria has a population nearly 100 million
a about b in c of d with
V Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 If it doesn’t rain, I ( come) _ to see you If it didn’t rain, I ( come) to see you I ( drive) _ to work if I had a car
4 Where in Vietnam would you like to live if you ( can) _ choose? If the weather ( be) _ good, we will have lunch outside
6 If the company offers me a job, I think I ( take) it
7 Many people would be out of work if that factory ( close) down If you finish before 4: 30, I ( come) _ and pick you up
(7)11 They would have paid you more if they ( be told) of its value
12 If I ( realise) _ that Greg wanted to get up early, I would have woken him up 13 If you had had breakfast, you ( not be) hungry
14 If they had had enough money, they ( buy) _ that house 15 If he ( study) harder, he would have passed the exam 16 If he ( read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes
17 We’ll stay home if it ( rain) _ hard
18 The table will collapse if you ( stand) _ on it 19 I won’t open the door if I ( not know) _ who it is 20 If he ( not start) _ at once he’ll ba late for the bus
21 If I make that mistake again, my sister ( get) _ angry with me 22 The police ( arrest) him if they catch him
23 Someone ( steal) _ your car if you leave it unlocked
24 If you ( meet) him,remember not to tell what I ( just say) to you 25 If you ( see) _ Mary today, please ( ask) _ her to call me
26 If I ( be) _ you, I ( refuse) _ his invitation
27 I ( go) _ camping with my friends if today ( be) Sunday 28 What ( happen) _ if there ( not be) _ gravity?
29 If people ( drive) more carefully, they wouldn’t have so many accidents 30 If she ( not be) at home, she would be very sorry about that
31 If she ( not work) hard, she couldn’t support her family 32 If I spoke English, my job ( be) _ a lot easier
33 If I made a promise, I ( keep) it
34 They ( make) fewer mistakes if they were more careful 35 I ( not go) _ there if I were you
36 If I ( have) _ enough money, I would have bought this bicycle 37 If he ( not have) _ inside help, he couldn’t have stolen the jewels 38 I would have come sooner if I ( know) _ you were in
39 If the match had been exciting, I ( not fall) asleep 40 If you had asked me, I ( accept) _
41 Had we known your address, we ( write) you a letter 42 Had he been there, he ( give) _ you a hand
(8)44 Fred failed the test because he didn’t study If he ( study) for the test, he ( pass) it 45 You were late last night If you ( arrive) _ 10 minutes, you ( get) _ a seat
VI Rewrite these sentences, using “ Unless” instead of “ If”
1 If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife
→ If you not like this one, I’ll bring you another
→ I’ll not be able to any work if I not have a quiet room
→ If she doesn’t hurry, she’ll be late
→ If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in the exam
→ If she doesn’t water these tree, they will die
→ If I have time, I’ll help you
→ If I win a big prize in a lottery, I’ll build a school for the poor
→ If you don’t like this one I’ll bring you another
→ 10 If you aren’t more careful, you’ll have an accident
→
VII Rewrite these sentences, using “ If”
1 Hrry up or you’ll be late for school
→ go right now or you’ll miss the bus
→ Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision
→ He will come here next week, he will phone you
→ Today is not Sunday, so the pupils can’t go camping
→ Because I don’t know the answer, I can’t tell you
→ She works very hard, so she earns a lot of money
(9)8 I got lost because I didn’t have a map
→ His friends were late, so they missed the train
→ 10 I couldn’t write to Alice because I had no address
→
VIII Choose the best answer
1 Daisy said if she me she should not buy that house
a is b been c were d had been If anyone , him I back at o’clock
a calls / tell / will be b called / telling / would be c is calling / tells / am d will cal / to tell / am Mary said if she the answer, she would have told me
a knows b knew c had known d would have known If he had tried harder, he
a will not be sacked b will not sack
c would not sack d wold would not have been sacked
5 If sea water _ salty, it would be more interesting when we spend our summer holidays by the sea
a is not b are not c were not d had not been now, we would not go out
a If is not snowing b Unless it were snowing c Were it not snowing d If were it snowing
7 The doctor told me unless you the baby warm, he ill
a not keep / will be b kept / would be c didn’t keep / would be d keep / will be If she asks for money, I her
a will give b gave c would give d would have given
(10)would be able to expand the business
a would become b were become c had become d became
10 If I this exam I’ll go to the university next Summer
a pass b to pass c had passed d passed
11 in my seventies and rather unfit, I might consider taking up squash
(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)b Unless Mary worked hard enough, she would fail in her exams c If Mary didn’t work hard enough, she would fail in her exams
d If Mary had worked hard enough, she wouldn’t have failed in her exams 15 She didn’t buy the dress because she didn’t have enough money
a If she had enough money, she would buy the dress
b If she has enough money, she would have bought the dress c If she has enough money, she would have bought the dress d Unless she has enough money, she would buy the dress 16 We didn’t have enough rain, so we could not grow rice a If we had had enough rain, we could have grown rice b If we had enough rain, we could grow rice
c Unless we had enough rain, we couldn’t have grow rice d b and c
17 Her friends are sad because she isn’t here a If she is here, her friends won’t be sad b If she were here, her friends wouldn’t be sad
c If she had been here, her friends wouldn’t have been sad d Her friends will be sad unless she is here
18 We didn’t know your sister was ill, so we didn’t visit her a If we knew your sister was ill, we would visit her
b If we had known your sister was ill, we would have visited her c If we know your sister was ill, we will visit her
d Unless we know youe sister was ill, we won’t visit her 19 My friend can’t speak English, so he can’t apply the job
a If my friend can speak English, he canapply for the job
b If my friend couldn’t speak English, he couldn’t apply for the job c If my friend couldn’t speak english, he could apply for the job d If my friend could speak English, he could apply for the job 20 If they cleaned the windows, the rooms brighter
a will look b liiked c look d would look
XI Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct. 1 The world’s population was higher in the 1980s more than in the 1960s
a b c d
(21)a lot from overpopulation d
3 Those women said that if they had known how to use birth control methods they would have not many children a b c d
4 Although they not want to have children anymore, but they not know of safe ways to use
a b c d
birth control methods
5 If I had known English better, I would apply for that job a b c d
6 Does the Earth has enough resources to support many people? a b c d
7 His English friend told him that he would help him to learn English if he has time a b c d She told me if she were me she would have bought that house
a b c d
9 Death rates can change unexpectedly because of disease, war and catastrophes, or advances in medicine a b c d
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