The rain seems to have stopped= the rain seems at 6 pm to have stopped before six pm I appreciated having had the opportunity to meet the king= I met the king in 1995?. In 1997 I apprec[r]
(1)PASSIVE AND PAST FORM OF INFINITIVES AND GERUND
FORMS:
SIMPLE PAST
ACTIVE to see
seeing
to have seen having seen
PASSIVE to be seen
being seen
to have been seen having been seen PASSIVE INFINITIVE:
to have + past participle
(a).The rain seems to have stopped
The event expressed by a past infinitive or past gerund happened before the time of the main verb In (a)The rain seem now to have stopped a few minutes ago
PAST GERUND: having + past participle
(b) I appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the king
In (b): I meet the king yesterday I appreciate now having had the opportunity to meet the king yesterday.
PASSIVE INFINITIVE: To be + past participle
(c) I did not expect to be invited to his party
In (c) To be invited is passive The understood by- phrase is “by him” I did not expect to be invited by him.
PASSIVE GERUND:
(d) I appreciated being invited your home. In (d) being invited is passive The understood by- phrase is “by you”: I appreciated being invited by you.
PAST PASSIVE INFINITIVE To have been + past participle
(e) Nadia is fortune to have been given a scholarship.
In (e) Nadia was given a scholarship lsat month by her government She is fortune Nadia is fortune now to have been given a scholarship last month by her government.
PAST PASSIVE GERUND; Having been + past participle
(f) I appreciate having been told the news.
In (f): I was told the nwes yesterday by someone I appreciate that I appreciate now having been told the newsyesterday by someone.
Note: if the main verb is past, the action of the past infinitive or gerund happened before a time in the past:
The rain seems to have stopped= the rain seems at pm to have stopped before six pm I appreciated having had the opportunity to meet the king= I met the king in 1995 In 1997 I appreciated having had the opportunity to meet the king in 1995.
EXERCISES ON PASSIVE AND PAST FORM OF INFINITIVES AND GERUND
Supply an appreciate form of each verb in parentheses.
1. I don’t enjoy (laugh)………at by other people.
(2)3. It is easy (fool)……… by his lies.
4. I expected (invite)……… to the party but I wasn’t.
5. Sometimes aldolescent complain about not (understand)……… by their parents.
6. Your compositions are supposed (write)……… in ink. 7. JinWon had a narrow escape He was almost hit by car He barely avoid (hit)
……… by speeding automobile.
8. Ms Thompson is always willing to help if there is a problem in the office, but she doesn’t want (call)……….at home if there is an
emergency.
9. Jack welles has a good chance of (elect)………I know I am going to vote for him.
10.Carlos appears (lose)………some weight Has he seen ill?
11.You must tell me the truth I insit on (tell)………the truth. 12.Don’t all of us want (love)……….and (need)………by
othe people. 13.Dear Horoki,
I feel guilty about (not/ write)………to you sooner, but I have been swarmed with work lately.
14.A: You know Jim Frankenstein, don’t you?
B: Jim Frankenstein? I don’t think so I don’t recall ever (meet) ……… him.
15.Mr Gow mentioned (injure)………in an accident as a child, but he never told us the details.
16.Tim was in the army during the war He was caught by the enimy, but he managed to escape He is lucky (escape)……….with his life.
17.A: Is Abdul a transfer student? B: Yes
A: where did he go before he came here?
B: I am not sure but he mentioned something about (go) ……….to Oxford or Harvard.