Cisco Press 201 W 103rd Street Indianapolis, IN 46290 Cisco CCNP Switching Exam Certification Guide Tim Boyles and Dave Hucaby, CCIE #4594 ii Cisco CCNP Switching Exam Certification Guide Tim Boyles and David Hucaby Copyright © 2001 Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Press logo is a trademark of Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 201 West 103rd Street Indianapolis, IN 46290 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written per- mission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 03 02 01 00 1st Printing November 2000 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Number: 00-105170 ISBN: 1-58720-000-7 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about the Cisco CCNP Switching Exam #640-504. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The author, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither lia- bility nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information con- tained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it. The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc. Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. iii Feedback Information At Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value. Each book is crafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the profes- sional technical community. Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process. If you have any comments regarding how we could improve the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through email at cisco- press@mcp.com. Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message. We greatly appreciate your assistance. Publisher John Wait Editor-In-Chief John Kane Cisco Systems Program Manager Bob Anstey Executive Editor Brett Bartow Acquisitions Editor Amy Lewis Managing Editor Patrick Kanouse Development Editor Christopher Cleveland Copy Editor Chuck Gose Technical Editors Stephen Daleo, Anthony Kwan, Chris Paggen, Casimir Sammanasu Team Coordinator Tammi Ross Book Designer Gina Rexrode Cover Designer Louisa Klucznik Compositor Octal Publishing, Inc. Proofreaders Dayna Isley Sarah Cisco Shannon Martin Indexer Larry Sweazy iv About the Authors Tim Boyles is the Director of Network Architecture for @Link Networks, a national CLEC which specializes in broad- band data and communications solutions for small- and medium-sized businesses. Prior to that he worked as a Senior Consultant at Lucent Networkcare, formerly known as INS, where he was responsible for the design and implementa- tion of large switch-based networks as well as multiple service provider projects. Tim has been in the networking busi- ness for 16 years with multiple vendor certifications, including CCNP. He holds an engineering undergraduate degree from the University of Missouri-Rolla and an MBA from California State University. Tim is a co-author of the CLSC Exam Certification Guide . David Hucaby , CCIE #4594, is a Lead Network Engineer for the University of Kentucky, where he designs, imple- ments, and maintains campus networks using Cisco products. Prior to his current position, David was a senior network consultant, where he provided design and implementation consulting, focusing on Cisco-based VPN and IP telephony solutions. David has a B.S. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Kentucky. About the Technical Reviewers Stephen Daleo , CCNP, is a Certified Cisco Systems Instructor (CCSI) and a consultant with Mentor Technologies (for- merly Chesapeake Computer Consultants, Inc.). Stephen has been teaching the recommended courses for Cisco Career Certifications since 1996, including ICND, BSCN, BCMSN, BCRAN, and CIT. Previous to joining Mentor Technolo- gies, Stephen worked as a Network Systems Analyst for the North Broward Hospital District, where he designed and implemented their Metropolitan WAN consisting of four major sites and ten smaller remote sites. Stephen has a B.S. in Computer Science from Florida International University and an M.S. in Computer Technology from Barry University. Stephen is currently pursuing his CCIE certification. Anthony Kwan , CCNP, CCDP, has worked in the Internetworking arena for over eight years and holds more than 14 Internetworking certifications. His networking expertise focuses on LAN/WAN design and troubleshooting, as well as voice, video, and VPN integration. Christophe Paggen , CCIE #2659, joined Cisco Systems, Inc., in 1996, where he currently is a Network Design Engi- neer in the Advanced Network Solutions group. His primary focus is the redesign, optimization, and performance tuning of large-scale IP and multiprotocol enterprise networks, with a specialization in campus, local-area, and metropolitan- area networks. He holds a B.S. in Computer Science from IESSL (Liege, Belgium) and an M.S. in Economics from Uni- versité de Mons (Belgium). Casimir Sammanasu is a Program Manager with Cisco Systems, Inc., and holds an M.S. Computer Science degree from DePaul University, Chicago, and an MBA degree from the University of Dallas. Casimir has developed LAN switching courses at Cisco in the past and is presently responsible for Cisco IOS curriculum that includes advanced technologies such as QoS, Multicast, Security, and VPN. v Dedications Tim Boyles —Glory and thanks be to God for giving me the talent and for sustaining me when the going gets tough. To my wife, René, for putting up with the late nights and weekends. To my children, Andrew and Alyssa, for allowing me to take some time out of their schedule to finish the project. (Although they think it’s pretty cool to see their old man in print!) In memory of my daughter Ashley, who sees all things from the heavens. “The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands.”—Psalms 19:1 Dave Hucaby —First, my thanks to Jesus Christ, my Lord and my best, best friend. Networking is great, but the abun- dant life you give is too wonderful! Thanks to my wife and best friend, Marci, for her love and support in everything I do. I’m also grateful to her for encouraging me to return for the second day of the CCIE lab, when I was ready to pack up and go home early. I’m glad I listened to her! Thanks to my girls—Lauren for encouraging me to play with her and forget stressful things, and Kara for waiting to be born until the book was nearly done. Thankfully, God enabled me to write late at night, while everybody else slept. Although this impacted our family time very little, a tired daddy is just not as much fun. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents for their support; I’m especially grateful to my dad for sharing with me his love of engineering and his skills at technical writing. vi Acknowledgments Tim Boyles: Chris Cleveland, Development Editor, who persevered to make this project all that it could be. Thanks for sorting out all the issues! Brett Bartow, Executive Editor for keeping the project going among all the twists and turns. Thanks for steering the ship! Dave Hucaby, for listening to all my late-night rants and being a great co-author to work with! Howard Jones, for pinch-hitting on some last minute editing. All of the technical editors that contributed to the success of this book. Thanks for keeping me honest with the material and all your diligence to make this a quality product. Thanks to, Chris Paggen, Steven Daleo, Casimir Samanasu, and Anthony Kwan. I couldn’t have done it without you! Dave Hucaby : Working with Chris Cleveland, Brett Bartow, and Amy Lewis, all with Cisco Press, has been great! These folks have been very patient with a new author and have gone extra miles to keep me focused on the task at hand. I’ve long been an avid fan and reader of Cisco Press books and am grateful for the opportunity to co-author one myself. Thanks to Tim Boyles for sharing the load and giving me advice along the way. Nathain Ingram, my Christian brother, deserves my thanks for being a steady source of encouragement and a great friend. Thanks to Eddie Lawrence for help- ing me work out some Catalyst switch logistics. Finally, I would like to thank the technical reviewers for making this a more accurate book. As well, I’m grateful to Kennedy Clark and Kevin Hamilton for writing the real switching book, Cisco LAN Switching . The more I’m exposed to other networking folks, the more I realize how little I know. vii Contents at a Glance Introduction xxiii Chapter 1 All About the Cisco Certified Network Professional and Design Professional Certification 3 Chapter 2 Campus Network Design Models 15 Chapter 3 Basic Switch and Port Configuration 65 Chapter 4 VLANs and Trunking 97 Chapter 5 Redundant Switch Links 145 Chapter 6 Trunking with ATM LANE 203 Chapter 7 InterVLAN Routing 241 Chapter 8 Multilayer Switching 265 Chapter 9 Overview of Hot Standby Routing Protocol 301 Chapter 10 Multicasts 333 Chapter 11 Configuring Multicast Networks 369 Chapter 12 Controlling Access in the Campus Environment 393 Chapter 13 Monitoring and Troubleshooting 425 Chapter 14 Scenarios for Final Preparation 463 Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes and Q&A Sections 477 Index 529 viii Contents Introduction xxiii Goals and Methods xxiii Who Should Read This Book? xxiii Strategies for Exam Preparation xxiv How This Book Is Organized xxiv Approach xxvi Icons Used in This Book xxviii Command Syntax Conventions xxix Chapter 1 All About the Cisco Certified Network Professional and Design Professional Certification 3 Overview of Cisco Certifications 4 Exams Required for Certification 5 Other Cisco Certifications 6 What’s on the Switching Exam? 6 Topics on the Exam 7 Recommended Training Path for CCNP and CCDP 8 How to Use This Book to Pass the Exam 9 I’ve Taken BCMSN—Now What? 11 I’ve Taken CLSC—Now What? 11 I’ve Learned Switching From Experience, But I Will Not Be Taking the BCMSN Course—Now What? 12 Conclusion 13 Chapter 2 Campus Network Design Models 15 How to Best Use This Chapter 15 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 16 Foundation Topics 20 Switching Functionality 20 Layer 2 Switching 20 Layer 3 Routing 21 Layer 3 Switching 22 ix Layer 4 Switching 22 Multilayer Switching (MLS) 23 Campus Network Models 23 Shared Network Model 24 LAN Segmentation Model 25 Network Traffic Models 28 Predictable Network Model 30 Hierarchical Network Design 30 Access Layer 31 Distribution Layer 31 The Core Layer 32 Cisco Products in the Hierarchical Design 32 Access Layer Switches 33 Distribution Layer Switches 34 Core Layer Switches 36 Product Summary 37 Modular Network Design 39 The Switch Block 40 Sizing a Switch Block 41 The Core Block 43 Collapsed Core 44 Dual Core 45 Core Size in a Campus Network 46 Core Scalability 47 Layer 3 Core 48 Foundation Summary 49 Q&A 53 Scenarios 57 Scenario 2-1: Small Campus Network Design 57 Scenario 2-2: Medium Campus Network Design 57 Scenario 2-3: Large Enterprise Campus Network Design 57 Scenario Answers 59 Scenario 2-1 Answers: Small Campus Network Design 59 Scenario 2-2 Answers: Medium Campus Network Design 60 Scenario 2-3 Answers: Large Enterprise Campus Network Design 61 x Chapter 3 Basic Switch and Port Configuration 65 How to Best Use This Chapter 65 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 66 Foundation Topics 70 Desktop Connectivity with Ethernet 70 Ethernet 70 Fast Ethernet 71 Full-Duplex Fast Ethernet 72 Gigabit Ethernet 73 Desktop Connectivity with Token Ring 74 Token Ring Bridging 75 Connecting Switches 77 Console Port Cables/Connectors 77 Ethernet Port Cables/Connectors 77 Gigabit Ethernet Port Cables/Connectors 78 Token Ring Port Cables/Connectors 79 Switch Management 80 Identifying the Switch 80 Setting the Hostname/System Name on an IOS-Based Switch 80 Setting the Hostname/System Name on a CLI-Based Switch 80 Passwords and User Access 81 Setting Login Passwords on an IOS-Based Switch 81 Setting Login Passwords on a CLI-Based Switch 81 Remote Access 82 Enabling Remote Access on an IOS-Based Switch 82 Enabling Remote Access on a CLI-Based Switch 82 Communicating Between Switches 83 Cisco Discovery Protocol 83 Switch Clustering and Stacking 85 Switch Port Configuration 86 Identifying Ports 86 Assigning a Port Description on an IOS-Based Switch 86 Assigning a Port Description on a CLI-Based Switch 86 Port Speed 86 Assigning Port Speed on an IOS-Based Switch 87 Assigning Port Speed on an CLI-Based Switch 87 Ethernet Port Mode 87 Assigning the Ethernet Link Mode on an IOS-Based Switch 87 Assigning the Ethernet Link Mode on a CLI-Based Switch 87 [...]... Designing Cisco Networks (DCN) CCNP 640-503 Routing Exam Building Scalable Cisco Networks (BSCN) 640-504 Switching Exam Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN) 640-505 Remote Access Exam Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (BCRAN) 640-509* Foundation Exam BSCN, BCMSN, and BCRAN 640-506 Support Exam Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) 640-503 Routing Exam Building Scalable Cisco Networks... specialized certifications are available for CCNP and CCDP (routing /switching) See www .cisco. com/warp/public/10/ wwtraining/certprog/special/course.html for more details What’s on the Switching Exam? As with other Cisco exams, the exact exam content is not publicly known In fact, Cisco makes fairly general Switching Exam content available to the public at www .cisco. com/warp/public/ 10/wwtraining/certprog/testing/pdf/bcmsn.pdf... Networks (BSCN) 640-504 Switching Exam Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN) 640-505 Remote Access Exam Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (BCRAN) 640-509* Foundation Exam BSCN, BCMSN, and BCRAN 640-025 CID Exam Cisco Internetwork Design (CID) CCDP Course Most Closely Matching Exam Requirements *Exam 640-509 meets the same requirements as passing these three exams: 640-503, 640-504,... for CCNP or CCDP, successful completion of a group of exams is required The exams generally match the same topics that are covered in one of the official Cisco courses Table 1-1 outlines the exams and the courses with which they are most closely matched Table 1-1 Exam- to-Course Mappings Certification Exam Number Name CCNA 640-507 CCNA exam Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices (ICND) CCDA 640-441 CCDP Exam. .. increase your chances of passing the CCNP Switching exam Although other objectives can be achieved from using this book, the book is written with one goal in mind: to help you pass the exam So why should you want to pass the CCNP Switching exam? Because it’s one of the milestones towards getting the CCNP certification; no small feat in itself What would getting the CCNP mean to you? A xxiv Introduction... the Cisco Certified Network Professional and Design Professional Certification Overview of Cisco Certifications Cisco s main motivation behind the current certification program is to provide a means of measuring the skills of people working for Cisco Resellers and Certified Partners Cisco fulfills only a small portion of its orders via direct sale from Cisco; most times, a Cisco reseller is involved Cisco. .. The CCNP then requires Cisco Internetworking Troubleshooting (CIT) as the final course The CCDP requires Cisco Internetwork Design (CID) as the final course The recommended training courses will give you the basics to pass the exams for the CCNP or CCDP track Cisco s exams, however, will not necessarily correspond one-to-one with the curriculum of a given class In essence, Cisco is not looking at the exams... certification for Cisco WAN switches CCNP- WAN Intermediate certification for Cisco WAN switches Requires CCNA-WAN CCDP-WAN Design certification for Cisco WAN switches Requires CCNP- WAN CCIE-WAN Expert level certification for Cisco WAN switches No prerequisite Requires exam and lab CCIE-ISP Dial CCIE level certification for Internet service provider (ISP) and dial network skills No prerequisite Requires exam and... or four exams The exams are individually difficult because of the depth of understanding needed for each area of concentration As well, each certification requires the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification as a prerequisite The focus of this book is the preparation and passing of the Cisco CCNP Switching Exam because this exam (or its content) is required for either CCNP or CCDP 4 Chapter... structured to cover the content of the Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN) course This content provides full coverage of switching topics that might be encountered in either the Switching Exam or realworld CCNP/ CCDP workplace Topics on the Exam 7 Topics on the Exam The following list outlines the various topics that you will likely encounter on the exam The topics represent a detailed list . Cisco Press 201 W 103rd Street Indianapolis, IN 46290 Cisco CCNP Switching Exam Certification Guide Tim Boyles and Dave Hucaby, CCIE #4594 ii Cisco CCNP. Cisco CCNP Switching Exam Certification Guide Tim Boyles and David Hucaby Copyright © 2001 Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Press logo is a trademark of Cisco Systems,