LSA-P LUS C ONNECTIVITY 1 01/02/00 Hollands FMS1 Page 1 1. KRONE C OMPONENTS IN THE L OCAL L OOP KRONE LSA-PLUS connection systems can be used throughout the Local Loop, in Main Distribution Frames, Cross- Connection Cabinets, Distribution Points and In-house areas. Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Exchange Cross-Connection Cabinet Distribution Point (DP) Local Exchange Socket Subscriber System side Line side LSA-P LUS C ONNECTIVITY 1 01/02/00 Hollands FMS1 Page 2 2. G ENERAL I NFORMATION LSA-PLUS Series 2 Connection, Disconnection and Switching Modules for 8 or 10 pairs: - for fitting on Back Mount Frames of varying capacity (standard-program) - for fitting on round profile rods as LSA-PROFIL. - for mounting on Printed Circuit Boards by the use of soldering pins Connectable Wiring: Plastic insulated copper wiring with solid or stranded conductors a) Solid Wires Conductor diameter 0,32 .0,90 mm 1,2 ) External diameter 0,70 .1,60 mm AWG 26 .20 1 ) After connection with ≥0,65 mm, no longer connectable with conductors ≤0,65 mm 2 ) Other diameters on request b) Stranded Wires 3 ) Conductor diameter 7 x 0,12 .0,32 mm External diameter 0,70 .1,60 mm AWG 26 .20 3 ) Stranded wiring on Series 1 and 8 on request LSA-PLUS cable connecting equipment Distribution housings for internal and external use or distribution, that with additional fittings may be used to connect LSA-PLUS Quick Connection System or already equipped with the necessary mounting components. Number of wires per contact slot (same type of wire and same diameter) Series 2 max. 2 4 ) 4 ) 2 wires only with diameters 0,35 to 0,65 mm LSA-P LUS C ONNECTIVITY 1 01/02/00 Hollands FMS1 Page 3 3. C ONNECTION T ECHNIQUES Splice - Wire wrap - LSA-PLUS System 3.1. Conventional mechanical connections Twisted and Soldered Twisted and Sleeved Wrapped around Post (Normally soldered) Screw Terminal Wire-wrap Crimped Conventional connection techniques require the wire to be cut to length and the insulation removed before the wire can be connected. The wires are then twisted together, soldered, screwed or wrapped to finalize the connection. Conventional mechanical connections are subject to the following stresses: Type of stress on the connections → ↓ Connection method Wire breakage Dry joint High resistance connection Corrosion Vibration Twisted together and soldered •• • Soldered •• •• Splice with insulating sleeve •• ••• Screw terminal •••• Wire wrap •• Crimp •••• • = Stress Reconnection of the joint, without cutting back the wire is very difficult, in the case of a crimped, soldered or wire-wrap connection, almost impossible. The connection can be touched by hand and is also subject to environmental influences. LSA-P LUS C ONNECTIVITY 1 01/02/00 Hollands FMS1 Page 4 3.2. Wire-wrap vs. Solder vs. Screw connection Wire-wrap: Advantages Disadvantages No heat is required. The heat of soldering may damage wire insulation and certain components. Each joint is relatively large, as it requires a number of wire wraps. There is less risk of high-resistance connections as a good mechanical joint is implicit in the technique. The technique is more suitable for joints of a permanent or semi-permanent nature, as the wire tends to break on repeat jointing. The jointing operation is relatively simple. Especially sharp tags are desirable to enable the wire to bite into sharp edges. The joint requires tinning. The technique is not satisfactory with stranded conductors. There are no solder splashes. Difficulties arise when jointing small diameter wires. Solder: Advantages Disadvantages The joints are smaller as not so many wire wraps are necessary. Heat may cause component and insulation damage. The joint allows repeat jointing. There is a greater risk of high-resistance connections as good mechanical joints are not so obvious. The technique permits the use of any type of wire (stranded, small diameter, etc.). Jointing requires a relatively complex operation. The joint requires tinning. Screw: Advantages Disadvantages Universally available Requires correct type and size of screwdriver and wire entry from the correct direction. Connection relies on the experience of the technician. The joint allows repeat jointing. There is a greater risk of high-resistance connections as good mechanical joints are not so obvious. Possibility of "stripping" the thread if made too tight. The technique permits the use of any type of wire (stranded, small diameter, etc.). The wire termination requires stripping the insulation and fitting the wire under the screw or into a terminal. Screws loosen with vibration, unsuitable for use near vibration sources e.g. road and rail traffic, heavy machinery. Clearly all techniques have particular merit. Any can be adopted depending upon the circumstances of the work concerned. The main problem in all techniques is a high-resistance connection due to a poor mechanical joint. For this reason, wrapped joints require a number of very tight wire wraps around, preferably, a sharp-edged tag. In the soldered technique, a good mechanical joint is necessary because the solder, which has relatively low electrical conductivity, should function merely as an adhesive and not as a conductor. A dry joint can occur when the solder holds the wire to the tag but is not adhered to it. This is normally due to a layer of resin flux between the wire and the tag. With screw terminations, vibration will loosen the screws leading to arcing or high resistance connections. The weakening of joints due to exposure to the atmosphere, physical contact, etc., is also an inherent problem in all techniques. LSA-P LUS C ONNECTIVITY 1 01/02/00 Hollands FMS1 Page 5 3.3. Insulation Displacement Connection (IDC) Insulation Displacement Connection (IDC) connects wires without solder, screws or removing the insulation. The technique uses a proprietary insertion tool to force the insulated wire into the jaws of a metal contact. This action tears away the insulation from the wire and at the same time the jaws of the contact grip the conductor thus forming an IDC with the solid or stranded conductor Insulation Conductor Metal contact A correctly terminated IDC connection prevents: - corrosion, - loosening due to vibration - high resistance connections - movement of the wire The joint is easily remade, only the small contact area of the wire must be removed. The connection cannot be touched without the correct insertion tool, which leads to greater contact security and means that when the joint is to be remade no particles of solder or wire remain in the connection area. Most important is the connection is repeatable. This means that every time a joint is made the properties of the connection will be the same. With conventional connection techniques such as wire-wrap, solder and screw terminations the physical connection relies on the "feel" of the technician. There is no guarantee that successive terminations will all be of the same quality and have the same electrical properties. IDC is a reliable, more secure and quicker contact method. This method has been proven to be the most electrically and mechanically sound method for connecting normal telephony and data cabling. LSA-P LUS C ONNECTIVITY 1 01/02/00 Hollands FMS1 Page 6 4. LSA-PLUS ® O VERVIEW KRONE LSA-PLUS Quick Connection System offers an integrated LSA-PLUS Contact for use in all line plant and operational and private network services. Lötfrei No solder Schraubfrei No use of screws Abisolierfrei No insulation removal - Preiswert Cost effective Leicht zu handhaben Easy to use Universell andwendbar Universal use Sicher und Schnell Secure and fast The LSA-PLUS System, with the LSA-PLUS Contact as its smallest functional element is used for connection, line splitting, switching and earthing of connections in telecommunication and data networks. Especially noteworthy is the contact security without worrying about climatic and other environmental problems. Technical contact security results in the formation of a gas-tight connection with very low transmission resistance. Connection is made through the special LSA-PLUS Insertion Tool, which means the quality of the connection is always repeatable. A large range of accessories, e.g. over voltage protection, marking and test equipment ensures that the LSA-PLUS Modules can fulfill all the requirements of a modern cable network. LSA-P LUS C ONNECTIVITY 1 01/02/00 Hollands FMS1 Page 7 4.1. Principles of the KRONE LSA-PLUS Contact ® The KRONE LSA-PLUS Contact ® functions in the same basic manner irrespective of the type of module in which it is inserted. The plastic insulated copper wire or jumper (4) is inserted into the contact slot (2) between the 45°to the wire access arranged contact tags with the LSA- PLUS Insertion Tool (5). Through this action, the contact tags twist in an axial movement and at the same time cut through the insulation of the wire and push the insulation material to both sides of the contact. Through material displacement and the subsequent torsional and restoring forces (6, 7) of the contact tags, two permanent gas-tight surface areas are formed. This connection prevents any undo movement in the contact area. For additional protection of the contact area, plastic clamping ribs are provided above and below the connection area (1), between which the insulation of the wire is firmly gripped thus preventing any movement of the wire in the contact area. In the same connection process, the LSA-PLUS Insertion Tool cuts the wire and insulation to the correct length. If the joint should need to be re-terminated, the LSA- PLUS Insertion Tool has a swing-out hook, which is used to remove the wire from the contact. 23 4 1 1 3 6 7 5 2 3 3 1 4 4 4 1 Plasic clamping ribs 2 Contact slot 3 Contact tags 4 Wire 5 LSA-PLUS-Insertion tool 6 Torsional forces on the contact 7 Restorin g forces of the contact 1 Plastic clamping ribs 2 Contact slot 3 Contact tags 4 Wire 5 LSA-PLUS Insertion Tool 6 Torsional forces on the contact 7 Restoring forces of the contact . cabling. LSA- P LUS C ONNECTIVITY 1 01/02/00 Hollands FMS1 Page 6 4. LSA- PLUS ® O VERVIEW KRONE LSA- PLUS Quick Connection System offers an integrated LSA- PLUS. ONNECTIVITY 1 01/02/00 Hollands FMS1 Page 7 4.1. Principles of the KRONE LSA- PLUS Contact ® The KRONE LSA- PLUS Contact ® functions in the same basic manner irrespective