The perfect gerund được sử dụng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) khi chúng ta đề cập tới một hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ:.. Ex: He was accused of having stolen her money.[r]
(1)CHUYÊN ĐỀ: GERUND AND IFNINITIVE I GERUND :
Chức năng:
Là chủ ngữ câu: dancing bored him Bổ ngữ động từ: her hobby is painting Là bổ ngữ: seeing is believing
Sau giới từ: He is interested in watching films on Tv Sau vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy
2 Một số cách dùng đặc biệt:
a Verb + V-ing: Danh động từ theo sau số động từ: Admit: thú nhận
Anticipate: trông mong, mong đợi Avoid: tránh
Appreciate: tán thành Consider: xem xét Delay: hỗn lại Defer: trì hỗn Deny: từ chối Detest: ghét
Dislike: khơng thích Dread: sợ
Enjoy: thích thú Escape: trốn thoát Excuse: thứ lỗi Fancy: đam mê Finish
Forgive: tha thứ Like: thích Love: yêu thích
Imagine: tưởng tượng
Involve: dính líu, liên quan Keep: giữ, tiếp
Mind: phiền Miss: lỡ, nhớ Mention: đề cập Pardon: tha thứ, tha lỗi Prefer
Prevent: ngăn ngừa Postpone: hoãn lại Practice: thực hành Prevent
Propose (= suggest) Quit: từ bỏ
Recollect: nhớ lại Resent: căm thù
Recall: gợi nhớ/ recollect Resume: cho
Resist : kháng cự, ngăn cản Risk : mạo hiểm
(2)Discuss: thảo luận Hate: ghét
Ex: He admitted taking the money Avoid over-eating
He detests writing letters
He didn’t want to risk getting wet
I can’t understand his/ him leaving his wife
Chú ý: excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent không trực sau danh động từ mà theo sau bởi: Possessive adjective/ pronoun + danh động từ pronoun + preposition + danh động từ Appreciate thường theo sau bở tính từ sở hữu danh động từ dạng bị động
Ex: Forgive my/ me ringing you up so early. Forgive me for ringing you up so early.
You can’t prevent his/ him spending his own money. You can’t prevent him from spending his own money.
I appreciate your giving me o much of your time./ I appreciate being given this opportunity.
b common phrasal verbs + V-ing: (sau số cụm động từ)
carry on, end up, give up, go round, keep on, put off, set about… c Expression + V-ing: Một số thành ngữ theo sau V-ing
- have fun/ a good time + V-ing : vui vẻ … - have trouble/ difficulty + V-ing: - have a hard time/ difficult time + V-ing
- spend + time/ money + V-ing (present participle) He spends hours studying English every day - waste + time/money + V-ing :
- sit + Danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing : she sat at her desk writing a letter - stand + danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing
- lie + danh từ nơi chốn + Ving
- can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand = can’t resist (không thể chịu được) I can’t bear hearing his lies
I can’t stand seeing him here
- it is no good / it is no use (vơ ích / khơng có ích) : It’s no use phoning him at this time - there’s no point in …
- What’s the point of… - to be busy bận rộn
My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen - to be worth đáng
This book is worth reading
- be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen với - S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thích làm làm = S + would rather Vinf than Vinf
d go + gerund để hoạt động đặc biệt đó: (Present participle)
- go fishing câu cá go hunting go bowling go jogging - go shopping mua sắm go camping go sightseeing go sailing - go swimming bơi go dancing go running …
- go hiking dã ngoại go birdwatching go boating go canoening - go mountain climbing
* Cụm giới từ theo sau bới V-ing: be excited/ worried about V-ing
complain keep (someone)
dream about/ of + V-ing prevent (someone)from V-ing talk stop (someone)
think
(3)blame (someone) be interested in V-ing forgive (someone) for V-ing succeed
be responsible thank (someone)
be tired of V-ing in addition
be waste look forward to V-ing
* Preposition +gerund(giới từ +gerund):
Be interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apologize for (xin lỗi về)
Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instead of (thay vì)
Be accustomed to look forward to ( mong đợi ) be familiar with be / get used to quen /thích nghi với be used
The perfect gerund: Form: having Vpp
The perfect gerund sử dụng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) đề cập tới hành động hoàn tất khứ:
Ex: He was accused of having stolen her money He denied having been there
The passive gerund:
Form: being + past participle (present) Having + been + Vpp (past) Ex: She hates being called a dull.
The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche I am interested in being given money by my mother.
He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper. The safe showed no signs of having been touched.
II INFINITIVES: §éng tõ nguyªn thĨ Chức năng:
- Làm chủ ngữ câu: (cùng với động từ: appear, seem, be) Ex: To save money now seems impossible
= It seems impossible to save money (more usual) - Làm bổ ngữ động từ (be):
Ex: His plan is to keep the affair secret - Làm tân ngữ động từ:
Ex: He wants to play
- Chỉ mục đích: He learns English to sing English songs - Sau số tính từ:
Bare infinitive ( infinitive without to)
Được dùng sau động từ make, have với nghĩ nguyên cớ (causative)
The Brown made their children clean their room The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs
Được dùng sau động từ giác quan see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell,
We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual * ý:
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell , find + O + Ving (present participle): bắt gặp làm gì Feel, hear, see, watch, smell , find + O + bare inf : thấy làm gì
Đuợc dùng sau động từ let help
My brother let me use computer
The parents helped their children set up the tent
Được dùng sau đọng từ khuyết thiếu trợ động từ: can, could, will, shall, would, should,
used to, had better, need, ought to, do, did …
Trong cấu trúc: would rather + bare infinitve/ had better
(4)A To infinitive sau động từ:
Dạng 1: V + TO INFINITIVE : Một số động từ theo sau to infinitive
1.agree: đồng ý 2.aim: nhằm mục đích appear: 4.arrange: xếp
5.ask: yêu cầu 6.attempt: cố gắng 7.bother: phiền 8.care: để ý
9.choose: chọn 10.claim: công bố 11.decide: định 12.demand: yêu cầu 13.determine: định đoạt 14.fail: thất bại 15.guarantee: bảo đảm 16.happen: xảy
17 hesitate: dự 18.hope: hy vọng 19.learn: học 20.manage: xoay xở
21.neglect: lơ đãng 22.offer: đề nghị 23.plan: có kế hoạch 24.prepare:chuẩn bị 25.pretend: giả vờ 26 proceed: tiếp nối 27.promise: 28.prove: chứng tỏ
29.refuse: từ chối 30.resolve: 31.seem: 32.swear: thề
33.tend: có xu hướng 34.threaten: dọa 35.volunteer: tình nguyện
36.vow: dụ dỗ 37.wish 38.want 39.need
40.wait 41 expect 42 intend 43 would like/ would
love 44 beg 45 begin/ start 46 afford : đủ khả
47 be willing 48 be able 49 expect 50 intend
51.beg: cầu khẩn 52 prefer
D¹ng 2: V + O + TO INFINITIVE
- Danh từ/ đại từ làm tân ngữ (objects) sau, đến “to infinitive” Ví dụ:
- She advised me to go to the English Club * Một số động từ thường gặp:
+ advise : khuyên + allow: cho phép
+ ask: yêu cầu. + cause: gây ra.
+ command : yêu cầu, lệnh + encourage: khuyến khích
+ expect: mong chờ. + forbid: cấm
+ force : buộc + instruct: dẫn
+ invite: mời + oblige: bắt buộc
+ need: cần - We need you to help us
+ teach: dạy - My brother taught me to swim
+ tell: bảo. + want: muốn
+ warn : cảnh báo + remind: nhắc nhở
+ order: yêu cầu, lệnh + persuade : thuyết phục
+ request: yêu cầu + show :
+ train : đào tạo, huấn luyện + instruct: dẫn
+ permit: cho phép + remind: nhắc nhở
* NOTES :
+ allow / permit / advise/ recommend/ encourage + object + to infinitive Ex: She doesn’t allow me to smoke in her room
+ allow/ permit/ recommend/ encourage/ advise + gerund Ex: She doesn’t allow smoking in her room
D¹ng 3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND (một số động từ theo sau to infinitive and gerund) Nhóm 1: V + to Infinitive / Gerund ( không khác nghĩa )
- begin bắt đầu - prefer thích - can’t stand - start bắt đầu - hate ghét - can’t bear - continue tiếp tục - love yêu thích - intend - like thích - bother làm phiền
Các động từ theo sau to Infinitive Gerund mà ý nghĩa hÇu nh khơng đổi Ví dụ:
(5)Chú ý :
a) Không nên dùng: It’s beginning raining Nên nói: It is begining to rain
b) Động từ nguyên mẫu thường mang ý nghĩa mục đích, dự tính tương lai, khi danh động từ mang ý nghĩa kinh nghiệm sẵn có Cách sử dụng chúng đơi tinh tế sau: Ví dụ
- I like to meet the public
(Tơi thích gặp công chúng – Tôi thấy nên gặp, cần gặp → dự định) - I like meeting the public
(Tơi thích gặp cơng chúng Tơi thấy vui gặp làm thế)
Nhóm 2: V + infinitive / Gerund ( khác nghĩa)
remember, forget, regret, try, stop, need , go on a NEED
Need to = it is necessary to :cần phải làm ( động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa chủ động) Need doing = need to be done : cần phải đợc làm ( động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa bị động)
Tom needs to work harder (It is necessary for Tom to work harder.)
The grass in front of the house needs cutting (The grass in front of the house needs to be cut.) b STOP
Stop to = stop in order to : dừng lại để làm việc khác
Stop doing = not to something any longer : dừng làm việc (đang làm)
They stopped to look at the pictures
They stopped smoking because it is bad for their health c REGRET/ REMEMBER/ FORGET:
Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc phải làm (ở tương lai)
Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi thư này) Don’t forget to buy flowers (đừng quên mua hoa đấy)
I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tôi tiếc phải báo tin cho anh chuyến tầu bị hủy bỏ)
Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc làm (ở khứ).
I paid her $2 I still remember that I still remember paying her $2 (tôi nhớ trả cô đô la). She will never forget meeting the Queen (cô không quên lần gặp nữ hoàng)
He regrets leaving school early It is the biggest mistake in his life. d TRY
Try to : cố gắng làm Try doing : thư lµm
She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college of pharmacy
I’ve got a terrible headache I try taking some aspirins but they didn’t help e GO ON:
Go on doing s.th : tiếp tục làm việc đó. Go on to s.th : làm hay nói việc khác
The Minister went on talking for two hours
We must change our ways We can’t go on living like this
After discussing the economy, the Minister went on to talk about foreign policy f MEAN
Mean + to V = intend to V: dự định làm
(6)B To infinitive sau số tính từ:
Trong cấu trúc sau: IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + TO INFINITIVE
Ví dụ:
- It’s difficult to find their house Thật khó tìm nhà họ - It’s dangerous to drive fast Lái xe nhanh nguy hiểm - It’s important to learn English Học tiếng Anh quan trọng Có hai dạng tương đương sau:
= To infinitive + be + Adjective Gerund
Ví dụ:
- It’s exciting to play football Chơi bóng đá thật thú vị = to play football is exciting
= playing football is exciting
To infinitive sau số tính từ:
Able, unable, happy, delighted (vui vẻ), easy, lovely, glad, sorry, eager (háo hức), amazed (ngạc nhiên), pleased (hài lòng), disappointed, surprised, willing (sẵn lòng), certain (chắc chắn)
Trong cấu trúc:
* S + be/ get/ look/ seem/ become + too + Adj +(for O) + to infi. S + V (thường) + too + Adv +(for O) + to infi.
Ex: The water in this glass is too hot to drink This coffee is too hot for me to drink He runs too slowly to catch the bus. *S + be + Adj + enough (for O) + to infi.
S + V (thường) + Adv + enough (for O) + to infi. Ex: He is old enough to get married
He’s intelligent enough to get good marks. They speak slowly enough to understand. * so + adjective + as + infinitive
Ex: He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked *It + cost/ take + O + to infinitive…
Ex: It would cost millions/ take years to rebuild the castle. C Sau số từ để hỏi:
Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive
Những động từ sử dụng công thức ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder.
Ex : He discovered how to open the safe I found out where to buy fruit cheaply She couldn’t think what to say
I showed her which button to press. She wondered whether to write or phone. D Chỉ mục đích:
Ex: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam E Noun + to infinitive ( replace a relative clause)
Ex: I have many things which I must do/ to She is always the last to go/ who goes F S + V + Đại từ bất định + To V
(anywhere, anybody, anything, somebody, something, somewhere, nobody, nothing, nowhere, everything, everybody, everywhere)
Ex: Is there anywhere to go? He has got nothing to eat G Sau số cụm từ sau: be about :định,
be able :
(7)make an/ every effort: nỗ lực make up one’s mind: định can’t afford
Ex: He is just about to leave
We can’t afford to live in the centre H Thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ:
- Động từ nguyên thể sử dụng sau the first, the second , the last, the only sau so sánh
Ex: He loves parties; he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves. = He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave
He is the second one to be killed in this way. 4 The perfect infinitive:
+ Form: to have + Vpp + Use:
- Dùng với was/ were để diễn tả kế hoạch chưa thực hiệnđược Ex: The house was to have been ready today (but it isn’t)
- Dùng sau ưould/ should like để diễn tả điều ước chưa hoàn thiện Ex: He would like to have seen it (but it was impossible)
- Dùng với số động từ: appear, happen, pretend, seem, believe, consider, find, know, report, say, suppose, think, understand…
III PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND:
+ Passive gerund: being + past participle Ex: She hates being called a dull.
The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche I am interested in being given money by my mother.
+ Passive infinitive: to be + past participle Ex: I hoped to be invited to the party. He refused to be taken to hospital.
She doesn’t want to be asked personal questions
Được dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động/ kiện tác nhân gây hành động
EXERCISES:
1 Supply an appropriate form, gerund or infinitive, of the verb in parentheses. Keep (talk) I’m listening to you
2 The children promised (play) more quietly They promised (make, not) so much noise Linda offered (look after) my cat while I was out of town
4 You shouldn’t put off (pay) your bills Alex’s dog loves (chase) sticks
6 Mark mentioned (go) to the market later today I wonderif he’s still planning (go) Fred suggested (go) (ski) in the mountain this weekend How does that sound to you? The doctor offered Mr Gray (smoke, not)
9 Don’t tell me his secret I prefer (know, not)
10 Could you please stop (whistle)? I’m trying (concentrate) on my work 11 She finally decided (quit) her present job and (look for) another one 12 Did you remember (turn) off the stove?
13 Jack was allowed (renew) his student visa 14 Pat told us (wait, not) for her
15 Mr Buck warned his daughter (play, not) with matches 16 Would you please remind me (call) Alice tomorrow?
17 Liz encouraged me (throw) away my old running shoes and (buy) a new pair without holes in the toes
18 I’m considering (drop out of) school, (hichkike) to New York, and (try) (find) a job 19 Sally reminded me (ask) you (tell) Bob (remember) (bring) his soccer ball to the picnic 20 Don’t forget (tell) Jane (call) me about (go) (swim) tomorrow
21 He’s expecting (make) a trip to Ha Long bay
(8)23 His wife can’t stand him (arrive) home so late every night 24 I very much enjoy (listen) to classical music
25 Would you mind (buy) me a newspaper? 26 Would you like (have) the next dance with me?
27 Do you hate (be) criticized or are you ready for any criticism? 28 I hate him (make) friend with those guys
29 Does the city government intend (do) anything about pollution? 30 They finished (learn) and then they want (go) out for a pleasure 31 I hope (not do) that tiring work again
32 They postponed (build) an elementary school for lack of finance 33 It’s no use (advise) him He never follows anybody’s advice 34 His idea is worth (listen) to
35 He always avoids (meet) me on the street
36 He denies (give) me any advices but didn’t tell me why
37 I missed (talk) to the president when he paid a visit to my small town
38 She decided (delay) (give) birth She wanted (continue) her university education 39 We hope (finish) (make) the report very soon
40 The man has promised (offer) me a job
II Complete the following sentences using “ bare infinitive” or “ to infinitive” He made me (do) it all over again
She can (sing) quite well
He will be able (swim) very soon I used (live) in a caravan
You ought (go) today It may (rain) tomorrow I want (see) the house where our president was born He made her (repeat) the message
May I (use) your phone?
10 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him
11 If you want (get) there before dark you should (start) at once 12 I couldn't (remember) his address
13 You'll be able (do) it yourself when you are older
14 Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till the end?
15 They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined 16 I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day
17 Will you help me (move) the bookcase?
18 He wouldn't let my baby (play) with his gold watch 19 They refused (accept) the bribe
20 Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible 21 He made us (wait) for hours
22 Could you (tell) me the time, please? 23 We must (send) him a telegram
24 I let him (go) early as he wanted (meet) his wife 25 Where would you like (have) lunch?
26 You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want) (take) him with you 27 I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go) 28 We could (go) to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum
29 You seem (know) this area very well ~Yes, I used (live) here 30 The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police
31 You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink) 32 I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of the month
33 It is easy (be) wise after the event
(9)35 If you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up 36 Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals
37 Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in Would you like (speak) to his secretary'
38 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him
39 He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt 40 I felt the house (shake) with the explosion,
41 Would you like (come) in my car? ~ No, thanks I'd rather (walk) 42 It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) t under your bed in an
old stocking
43 The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe 44 If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something?
45 It's better (be) sure than sorry
46 I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes 47 That is far too heavy for one person (carry) ; let me (help) you
48 I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames
49 There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out 50 He heard a cock (crow) in a neighbouring village
51 You may as well (tell) us the truth It will (be) easy (check) your story 52 The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go) ~ He must
(be) a very old man
53 Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are?
54 I have a lot of homework ( do) tonight, so I cannot go out with you 55 it is really interesting ( read) these books
56 He felt lonely, he had no friends ( play) with
57 He doesn’t have enough money ( buy) a new house 58 His explanations were difficult ( understand)
59 I felt something (bite) my finger
60 I will let you ( borrow) my car as long as you promise ( be) careful 61 They decided ( not/ go) to the park as it was raining hard
62 The sea wasn’t warm enough for us (go) swimming 63 I was too tired ( do) any more work
64 As she drove past his house she noticed him ( run) away from home 65 I want you ( tell) me the whole truth
66 We had nothing ( do) except looking at the cinema posters III Correct the verbs form ( Passive Infintive and Gerund)
1 The rest of the money ………… ( send) to his parents
2 He was always insisted on his ……… (call) Dr.Tuner instead of Mr Turner To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule…………( break)
4 The bird was lucky that it just missed………… (catch)
5 Please excuse my ……….(come) in without…………( invite) No one can prevent the plan ………… (carry out)
7 This page needs ……… ( check) again
8 When he heard the bad news, he stood there……… (surprise)
9 The hotel …………( build) now beside the park was designed by a group of young men 10 “Do you have any clothes………… ( wash) today?” the maid said
11 Anne hope …………( invite) to join the private club She could make important business contact there
12 People like………… ( congratulate) when they have worked hard
IV Rewrite each sentence as directed ( using the structures with To Infinitive and Bare Infinitive above)
1 The mechanic serviced my car last week
(10)2 I felt nervous when I traveled by air
Travelling by air made He could not afford to buy the car
The car was too expensive I advised you to put your money in the bank
You had better There is no need for you to talk so loudly
You don’t have “You must ask me for permission before leaving” the teacher said to Tom
The teacher made Tom The house shook violently and all of us felt that
All of us felt the house We can’t possibly work in this noise
It’s impossible Mr Puncher doesn’t allow his children to go out in the evening
Mr Puncher doesn’t let 10 Contacting her at work in usually quite easy
It’s quite easy 11 “Mr John left the house very early this morning”, Tom said
Tom said that he saw 12 Jimmy got into his car and drove away I saw this
I saw Jimmy 13 Can you sign the papers please? They are ready
The papers are 14 Harry’s parents didn’t allow him to smoke and drink
Harry’s parents didn’t let 15 I think that you should make a decision soon
I want 16 They talked in the next room
I heard 17 The customs officer told him to open his briefcase
The custom officer made 18 The animal moved towards me, I felt it
I felt 19 You can use my car if you want to
I will let 20 My father said I could use his car
My father allowed 21 I was surprised that it rained
It didn’t expect 22 He looks older when he wears glasses
Wearing glasses made 23 My lawyer said I shouldn’t say anything to the police
My lawyer advised 24 If you have a car you are able to go places more easily
Having a car enables 25 Don’t let me forget to call my sister
Please remind 26 I think he should leave early
I want 27 He said he would pick me up
He promised 28 Peter: “ Shall we get married?” - Mary: “ Yes”
(11)Susan agreed 30 “ I won’t tell anyone about it” , Sue said
Sue promised 31 “ I am not going to tell you my name.”, Sue said to the man
Sue refused 32 If I were you, I wouldn’t lend him any money
I advised V Choose the correct option :
1 Peter said that he saw Mary that beautiful vase
a break b breaking c break d broke
2 The police them get out of the car
a caused b made c asked d ordered
3 I heard someone outside
a fell b fall c to fall d fell
4 He was made by the custom officer
a to open to suitcase b opening the suitcase c open the suitcase d opened the suitcase Bill’s wife doesn’t let him go to the party
a go b to go c to have gone d went
6 Larry finally to quit the job
a admitted b decided c must d thought
7 You will never know why Jane refused the job
a getting b get c to get d to be got
8 Why don’t you your son go camping with his classmate?
a permit b allow c let d advise
9 I am very pleased you again
a see b to see c to seeing d be seeing
10 There are two important things in your mind
a bearing b to bear c bear d born
11 I saw your son the road by himself
a to cross b crossing c cross d crossed
12 Carl staying one more night in the village
a agrees b hopes c plans d suggest
13 I can’t go with you all I have a lot of homework now
a to b doing c d be done
14 It was very kind of you me
a helping b to help c help d helped
15 He saw them home late
a arrive b to arrive c arrived d be arriving
16 Instead of buying a new pair of shoes, I had my old ones
a repair b to repair c repairing d repaired
17 It is possible to train across Canada
a take b to take c taking d to be taken
18 Before we leave, let’s have Shelley a map for us so we won’t get lost
a draw b to draw c drawing d drawn
19 I can hear a cat at the window
a scratches b to scratch c scratching d was scratching
20 I think you mother should let you your own mind
a make up b to make up c making up d made up
21 Do you know what made so many people their home?
a evacuate b to evacuate c evacuated d be evacuated
22 bread, you usually need flour, salt, and yeast
a Make b To make c Making d Made
23 I was delighted my old friends again
a to see b seeing c saw d be seen
(12)a perform b performing c to perform d in performing 25 I would rather to Elvis than The Beatles
a listen b to listen c listening d be listened
26 Can you manage the work by yourself?
a finish b to finish c finishing d finished
27 She doesn’t allow in her room
a smoked b to smoke c smoking d smoked
28 We just didn’t allow them the military zone
a entering b to enter c enter d entered
29 They are planning a flyover at this crossroads
a building b to build c build d built
30 I am sorry I’ve arranged to Susie’s birthday this Saturday
a go b to go c going d be gone
31 The lifeguard warned all of us too far from the shore
a to not swim b not to swim c don’t swim d not swim
33 These tables were too heavy
a to move for us b for us to move c for us moving d
moving for us
34 Please tell me how to the post office from here
a getting b to get c get d have got
35 Why don’t you your son go camping with his classmate?
a let b permit c allow d want
36 I have little time
a relax b to relax c relaxing d relaxed
37 I am pleased you again
a seeing b to see c see d being seen
VI Choose the correct option :
1.It was Mrs Kent who suggested Mary………….abroad
A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied
2 You don’t expect me……….that you actually met John, you?
A.believe B.believed C.to believe D.believing
3.The board of dircector discuss the project, then went on…………another topic
A.to discuss B.discuss C.discussing D.discussed
4.Why continue ………… there if you don’t like your job?
A.to work B.working C.worked D.both A and B
5.He regrets not……… to see his grandparents in Paris
A.to go B.went C.gone D.going
6.Its worth …………at Co.op Marts as its very cheap
A.shopping B.to shop C.shop D.shopped
7.My doctor doesn’t permit me……… red meat
A.to eat B.eating C.ate D.eat
8.I was driving home when I noticed some workers……… up new traffic lights on Lenin Street
A.put B.to put C.putting D.to putting
9.Anyone can……….used to………a life of luxury
A.get/ live B.to get/ living C.to get/ to live D.get/ living
10.If you decide…………your car, let me…………
A.sell/ know B.selling/ to know C.to sell/ to know D.to sell/ know 11.I would like you………the plants for me at the weekend
A.to water B.water C.watering D.watered
12 I clearly……… my alarm clock before………to bed last night A.setting/ went B.setting/ going C.to set/ going D.to set/ to go 13.I promised………….John go out but I don’t feel like……….now
A.take/ going B.to take/ to go C to take/ going D.take/ go 14.It would be good for children……….outdoors more often
(13)15.These plants require………every day
A.water B.to water C.watering D.watered
16.He is expecting a trip to Ha Long Bay
A make B to make C making D made 17.Students stopped noise when the teacher came in
A.make B to make C making D.made 18.She couldn’t bear tears when she saw the film “ Romeo and Juliet” A shed B to shed C shedding D sheds 19.Ann likes but she hates up
A.cook/ washing B.to cook/ wash C cooking/ washed D cooking/ washing 20.I enjoy to classical music
A listening B to listen C listens D listen 21.I really regret your feeling when I asked you such a silly question A hurt B to hurt C hurting D hurts 22.He’ll try the same mistake again
A not make B to not make C not making D not to make 23.Would you mind me a newspaper?
A.buy B to buy C buying D bought 24.Would you like the next dance with me?
A.to have B having C has D had 25.I hate him friends with those guys
A make B to make C making D made 26.Did you remember Ann? – Oh, no I completely forgot it A phone B to phone C phoning D phoned 27.Does the city government intend anything about pollution? A B to C doing D did 28.Those shirts need but you needn’t them now
A iron/ iron B to iron/ to iron C ironing/ iron D ironed/ to iron 29.They finished and then they wanted out for pleasure
A learn/ to go B to learn/ go C learnt/ goes D learning/ to go 30.When you see Tom, remember him my regards
A give B to give C giving D given 31.I hope that tiring work again
A not B not to C not doing D to not 32.They postpone an Element School for the lack of finance A built B to build C building D builds 33.It’s no use him He never allows anybody advice
A advise/ give B to advise/ to give C advising/ givingD advising/ to give 34.Are his ideas worth to?
A listen B to listen C listening D listened 35.He always avoids me in the streets
A meet B to meet C met D meeting 36.My parents decided a taxi because it was late
A take B to take C taking D took 37.Do you agree me some money?
A lend B to lend C lending D lent 38 Tom refuses his address
A give B giving C to give D gave 39 The passengers asked her how to the police station?
A to get B getting C got D get 40.My friends arranged to the airport in time
(14)A go/ stay B to go/ stay C going/ stay D to go/ staying
42 I dislike in line.- So I That’s why I prefer at night when there are fewer people
A wait/ shop B to wait/ shopping C waiting/ shoppingD waiting/ to shop 43.He continued after his illness
A worked B to work C to working D working 44 My watch’s hands keeps
A stopping B to stop C stopped D.stop 45.Have you ever watched people fish?
A try/ catch B to try/ catching C trying/ to catch D tried/ caught 46 My grandfather is used to up early in the morning
A getting B to get C get D got 47 Don’t forget her message when you see her
A give B to give C giving D gave 48.I can’t help his opinions
A consider B to consider C considering D considered 49.You should try any shirts you want to buy
A wear B to wear C wearing D wears 50.He used to fall asleep without his shoes off
A take B to take C taking D taken 51.I stopped about her illness and went on you about all her other problems A to talk/ telling B.to talk/ to tell C talking/ telling D talk/ tell 52.I’d love coat like that
A have B to have C having D has 53.I intend her what I think
A tell B to tell C.telling D told 54.Every hour I stop a little rest
A.working/ to have B to work/ to have C working/ having D to work/ having 55.You should give up right now if you want longer
A smoke/ lived B to smoke/ living C.smoking/ to live D smoked/ live 56.Students stopped noise when the teacher came in
A make B to make C making D made 57.When you see her, don’t forget her my postcards
A give B to give C giving D given 58.Don’t forget her the message when you see him A give B to give C giving D gave 59.He spends hours to repair his car
A try B to try C trying D tries 60 I remember you somewhere last month
A met B to meet C meet D meeting 61.Can you Chinese?
A) speak B) to speak C) speaking D) spoke 62 My parents decided a taxi because it was late
A) take B) to take C) taking D) took 63 We enjoy here and all your news
A) be/ hear B) to be/ to hear C) being/ hear D) is/ hearing 64 Ask your friends about your homework He would be able you
A) help B) helped C) helping D) to help 65 Please try quiet when you come home
A) be B) to be C) being D) been
66 I don’t like anybody at me
A) shout B) to shout C) shouting D) B & C are right 67 Do you agree me a hand?
(15)A) to come B) come C) coming D) came 69 Pupils started the lesson yesterday
A) write B) to write C) writing D) written 70 I like school by bus, but I hate in the rain and wait for it
A) go/ to stand B) to go/ stand C) going/ standing D) went/ stood 71 Does your sister like ?
A) cooks B) cooking C) to be cooked D) being cooked 72 This girl can’t bear alone
A) am B) to be C) being D) been
73 My uncle has given up
A) to smoke B) smoke C) smokes D) smoking 74 Do you mind to John ask him us?
A) speaking/ to help B) to speak/ help C) speak/ help D) speaks/ to help 75 I’ll begin this novel later
A) read B) to reading C) reading D) to read 76 Please stop me in the middle of the sentence
A) interrupt B) to interrupt C) interrupting D) interrupts 77 My brother gave up two years ago
A) smokes B) smoke C) to smoke D) smoking 78 We arranged the scientists here
A) met B) to meet C) meeting D) meet 79 I wish the principal at my school
A) see B) to see C) seeing D) saw 80 My girl friend is afraid of out alone when it gets dark
A) goes B) to go C) going D) go
81 He continues after his illness But now, he is having stomachache A) working B) to work C) worked D) works 82 I’d like there my girlfriend’s parents
A) go/ see B) to go/ to see C) going/ seeing D) goes/ seen 83 Would you like to the party with us?
A) come B) to come C) coming D) came 84 I was very tired I tried my eyes open, but I couldn’t
A) keep B) kept C) keeping D) to keep 85 I want a pair of shoes in this shop, but I need to try them
A) buy/ to wear B) to buy/ to wear C) buying/ wearing D) to buy/ wearing 86 We have to go this morning
A) shopping B) shopped C) being shopped D) to be shopped 87 He spent hours trying the clock
A) repair B) to repair C) repairing D) repairs 88 It’s no use for her arrival
A) wait B) to wait C) waiting D) waits 89 Is there anything worth here?
A) buy B) to buy C) buys D) buying 90 The biologist doesn’t allow us in the laboratory
A) smoke B) to smoke C) smoking D) smoked 91 Would you mind your address on the back of this check?
A) write B) to write C) writing D) written 92 I don’t enjoy to the dentist’s
A) go B) to go C) going D) goes
93 I don’t regret her what I thought even if it upset her
A) to tell B) told C) tell D) telling 94 Remember Katie my greeting card when you see him
A) give B) to give C) giving D) gave 95 My friends has given up and prefers pork
(16)96 I had to ask the boys billiards all the day
A) to stop/ playing B) to stop/ to play C) stopping/ playing D) stops/ to play 97 My teacher promised me for my next examination
A) help/ prepare B) to help/ prepare C) helping/ to prepare D) helped/ preparing 98 I would like him more English lessons
A) to start/ take B) to start/ taking C) starting/ take D) starting/ taking 99 I hate aloud without the new words
A) practise/ reading/ learn B) to practise/ to read/ to learn C) practising/ reading/ learning D) practises/ reading/ to learn 100 She doesn’t want you to her arriving
A) mention B) to mention C) mentioning D) mentions 101 Did you manage these parcels alone?
A) finishing/ to pack B) finishing/ packing C) to finish/ to pack D) to finish/ packing 102 Have you ever watched people fish?
A) try/ catch B) try/ to catch C) trying/ to catch D) B&C are correct 103 Can someone me how into film from the camera’s pictures?
A) show/ change B) to show/ to change C) showing/ change D) show/ to change 104 I’ll try such a foolish thing again
A) not to cause B) to not cause C) not causing D) to cause not 105 Susan has decided her friends as she pleases
A) allow/ B) to decide/ to C) deciding/ D) deciding/ doing 106 Everybody would like to a higher position
A) promote B) promotes C) promoting D) to promote 107 He climbed over the wall without by anybody
A) seeing B) to see C) being seen D) to be seen 108 I remember a toy car on my fifth birthday
A) to be given B) being given C) to give D) giving 109 They always try the bridge as they promised before
A) to postpone/ to build B) postpone/ build C) to postpone/ building D) postponing/ built 110 I can’t help for her acceptance
A) to wait B) waiting C) wait D) waited 111 Don’t be afraid of that animal
A) touch B) touches C) touching D) to touch 112 I am accustomed to on my own
A) living B) to live C) live D) lives 113 They are looking forward to your news
A) hear B) to hear C) hearing D) heard 114 American women have got used to independently recently
A) live B) to live C) living D) lives 115 We won’t let you what we are going to with him
A) know B) to know C) knowing D) known VII Make complete sentences:
1 It/ exciting/ hear/ he has won/ gold medal It/ frightening/ know/ he/ a criminal
3 It/ hard/ believe/ some parents maltreat/ children It/ fascinating/ see/ a spider spin/ wed
5 It/ encouraging/ see/ more/ more young people are going/ university It/ hard/ me/ breathe through my nose
7 It/ easy/ him/ translate this text/ English It/ difficult/ them/ understand this lesson It/ interesting/ them/ play/ guitar
10 It/ good/ children/ take exercise
(17)13 John/ patient/ enough/ keep/ searching/ a cure 14 The doctor/ warn/ them/ not/ let/ spray/ touch/ food 15 The patient’s wife/ advise/ him/ not/ change/ his mind 16 They/ warn/ us/ not/ sleep/ without mosquito nets 17 The nurse/ tell/ patient/ not/ be afraid
18 Pasteur/ too/ courageous/ let/ criticism/ stop/ him 19 Bacteria/ too/ tiny/ be/ seen/ the naked eye 20 The injections/ too weak/ kill/ bacteria 21 The nurse/ kind enough/ help him walk 22 John/ patient enough/ keep searching/ a cure 23 The patient/ too sick/ eat dinner
24 Teaching English/ hard work
25 Our teacher/ tell/ us/ practice/ English 26 His uncle/ advise/ him/ study/ hard 27 His friend/ persuade/ him/ stay out late 28 He/ had better/ stay up/ late
VIII Rewrite the following sentences using given words: Remember to check your flight number
→Don’t Remember to send this letter for me
→Don’t Remember to check for spelling mistakes before you hand in your composition
→Don’t (S) + remember + to something = (S) + don’t forget + to something
4 I accomplished this task in months
→ It took Jane spends hours a week sorting out stamps
→ sorting out stamps She wrote the letter in 30 minutes
→ It took John finished his essay in two hours
→ It took S + V + time = It takes/ took + (O) + time + to infinitive
8 This iron bar is too cold for the worker to strike
→ This iron bar is so The news is too good to be true
→ The news is so 10 He spoke too fast for anybody to understand
→ He spoke so 11 This tea is too hot for him to drink
→ This tea is so 12 The cake was too hard for me to eat
→ The cake was so S + V/ BE + TOO ADV/ ADJ + TO INFINITIVE
= S + V/ BE + SO ADV/ ADJ + THAT + S + CAN’T V 13 The water was so cold that the children couldn’t swim in it
→ The water was not 14 Mark is too young to see the horror film
→ Hark is not 15 He acted so well that the audience was moved to tears
(18)→ She isn’t intelligent enough 17 The paper mill is very large so it can satisfy the need of the whole country
→ The paper mill is large enough S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
S + be + too + adj + to infinitve = S + be+ adj + enough + to infinitive
S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = S + V + adv + enough + to infinitive 18 The water was so cold that the children could not swim in it
→ The water was not 19 Mark is too young to see the horror film
→ Mark is not 20 He acted so well that the audience was moved to tears
→ He acted so well enough 21 She isn’t very intelligent so she can’t that exercises
→ She isn’t intelligent enough 22 The paper mill is very large so it can satisfy the need of the whole country
→ The paper mill is large enough S (to infinitive/ gerund) + be + Adj ↔ It + be + Adj + to infinitive
23 To see a new film is exciting
→ It’s 24 To speak French is easier than to speak English
→ It is 25 Finding a flat in Hanoi isn’t easy
→It is 26 To sort out stamps is interesting
→ It is S + be + too + adj + to infinitive ↔ S + be + so + adj+ that + S + can’t + V
27 It was too hazy a day for us to take any pictures
→ The days was 28 The price is too high for me to buy it
→ The price is 29 The Saigon river is to shallow to be used for navigation
→ The Saigon river 30 This mountain is too steep for us to climb
→ This mountain 31 The Red river is too wide for us to swim across