Tài liệu Advanced Replication pptx

Oracle® Database Advanced Replication 10g Release 1 (10.1) Part No. B10732-01 December 2003 Oracle Database Advanced Replication, 10g Release 1 (10.1) Part No. B10732-01 Copyright © 1996, 2003 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Randy Urbano Graphic Artist: Valarie Moore Contributors: Nimar Arora, Sukanya Balaraman, Ruth Baylis, Yuen Chan, Al Demers, Alan Downing, Curt Elsbernd, Yong Feng, Jairaj Galagali, Lewis Kaplan, Jonathan Klein, Anand Lakshminath, Jing Liu, Edwina Lu, Pat McElroy, Maria Pratt, Arvind Rajaram, Neeraj Shodhan, Wayne Smith, Jim Stamos, Janet Stern, Mahesh Subramaniam, Lik Wong, David Zhang The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information of Oracle Corporation; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent and other intellectual and industrial property laws. 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Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. iii Contents Send Us Your Comments . ix Preface xi 1 Introduction to Advanced Replication Overview of Replication . 1-2 Applications That Use Replication . 1-3 Replication Objects, Groups, and Sites 1-4 Replication Objects . 1-4 Replication Groups . 1-5 Replication Sites 1-5 Types of Replication Environments 1-6 Multimaster Replication 1-6 Materialized View Replication . 1-8 Multimaster and Materialized View Hybrid Configurations 1-13 Administration Tools for a Replication Environment . 1-15 Replication Management Tool in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console . 1-15 Replication Management API . 1-17 Replication Catalog 1-17 Distributed Schema Management 1-17 Replication Conflicts 1-18 Other Options for Multimaster Replication 1-19 Synchronous Replication . 1-19 Procedural Replication . 1-19 iv 2 Master Replication Concepts and Architecture Master Replication Concepts 2-2 What is Master Replication? 2-2 Why Use Multimaster Replication? . 2-4 Multimaster Replication Process 2-7 Conflict Resolution Concepts 2-10 How Replication Works with Object Types and Collections . 2-12 Master Replication Architecture 2-18 Master Site Mechanisms 2-18 Administrative Mechanisms . 2-32 Organizational Mechanisms . 2-37 Propagation Mechanism 2-40 Performance Mechanisms 2-47 Replication Protection Mechanisms . 2-52 Conflict Resolution Mechanisms 2-56 3 Materialized View Concepts and Architecture Materialized View Concepts . 3-2 What is a Materialized View? . 3-2 Why Use Materialized Views? 3-3 Read-Only, Updatable, and Writeable Materialized Views . 3-5 Available Materialized Views . 3-8 Required Privileges for Materialized View Operations 3-15 Data Subsetting with Materialized Views . 3-18 Determining the Fast Refresh Capabilities of a Materialized View 3-30 Multitier Materialized Views 3-31 How Materialized Views Work with Object Types and Collections 3-37 Materialized View Registration at a Master Site or Master Materialized View Site . 3-49 Materialized View Architecture . 3-50 Master Site and Master Materialized View Site Mechanisms 3-52 Materialized View Site Mechanisms 3-56 Organizational Mechanisms . 3-58 Refresh Process 3-63 v 4 Deployment Templates Concepts and Architecture Mass Deployment Challenge . 4-2 Deployment Templates and the Mass Deployment Goal . 4-2 Oracle Deployment Templates Concepts . 4-3 Deployment Template Elements 4-4 Deployment Template Packaging and Instantiation . 4-10 Deployment Template Architecture 4-13 Template Definitions Stored in System Tables 4-14 Packaging and Instantiation Process . 4-15 After Instantiation 4-18 Deployment Template Design . 4-20 Column Subsetting with Deployment Templates . 4-20 Row Subsetting . 4-22 Data Sets . 4-26 Additional Design Considerations . 4-28 Local Control of Materialized View Creation . 4-28 5 Conflict Resolution Concepts and Architecture Conflict Resolution Concepts . 5-2 Understanding Your Data and Application Requirements 5-2 Types of Replication Conflicts 5-3 Conflict Detection . 5-5 Conflict Resolution . 5-7 Techniques for Avoiding Conflicts 5-18 Conflict Resolution Architecture . 5-22 Support Mechanisms . 5-22 Common Update Conflict Resolution Methods . 5-24 Additional Update Conflicts Resolution Methods 5-28 Uniqueness Conflicts Resolution Methods . 5-37 Delete Conflict Resolution Methods 5-40 Send and Compare Old Values 5-40 vi 6 Planning Your Replication Environment Considerations for Replicated Tables . 6-2 Primary Keys . 6-2 Foreign Keys 6-2 Datatype Considerations . 6-2 Row-Level Dependency Tracking 6-4 Initialization Parameters . 6-5 Master Sites and Materialized View Sites . 6-8 Advantages of Master Sites . 6-8 Advantages of Materialized View Sites . 6-9 Preparing for Materialized Views 6-9 Creating a Materialized View Log . 6-14 Creating a Materialized View Environment . 6-16 Avoiding Problems When Adding a New Materialized View Site . 6-18 Interoperability in an Advanced Replication Environment . 6-20 Guidelines for Scheduled Links 6-20 Scheduling Periodic Pushes 6-21 Scheduling Continuous Pushes 6-22 Guidelines for Scheduled Purges of a Deferred Transaction Queue . 6-23 Scheduling Periodic Purges . 6-24 Scheduling Continuous Purges 6-25 Serial and Parallel Propagation 6-26 Deployment Templates 6-27 Preparing Materialized View Sites for Instantiation of Deployment Templates 6-27 Conflict Resolution . 6-30 Security . 6-30 Designing for Survivability 6-31 Oracle Real Application Clusters versus Replication 6-32 Designing a Replication Environment for Survivability . 6-33 Implementing a Survivable System . 6-34 7 Introduction to the Replication Management Tool Usage Scenarios for the Replication Management Tool 7-2 Logging into the Replication Management Tool 7-3 vii The Replication Management Tool Interface 7-4 Navigator Pane . 7-5 Right Pane 7-9 The Replication Management Tool Wizards . 7-15 Setup Wizard . 7-15 Materialized View Group Wizard 7-18 Deployment Template Wizard . 7-20 Template Script Generation Wizard 7-22 Copy Template Wizard 7-24 Flowchart for Creating a Replication Environment . 7-26 A Troubleshooting Replication Problems Diagnosing Problems with Database Links A-2 Diagnosing Problems with Master Sites A-2 Replicated Objects Not Created at New Master Site . A-3 DDL Changes Not Propagated to Master Site A-3 DML Changes Not Asynchronously Propagated to Other Sites . A-4 DML Cannot be Applied to Replicated Table A-4 Bulk Updates and Constraint Violations A-4 Re-creating a Replicated Object A-5 Unable to Generate Replication Support for a Table . A-5 Problems with Replicated Procedures or Triggers A-5 Diagnosing Problems with the Deferred Transaction Queue A-6 Check Jobs for Scheduled Links . A-6 Distributed Transaction Problems with Synchronous Replication . A-6 Incomplete Database Link Specifications A-6 Incorrect Replication Catalog Views . A-7 Diagnosing Problems with Materialized Views . A-7 Problems Creating Replicated Objects at Materialized View Site . A-7 Problems Performing Offline Instantiation of a Deployment Template A-8 Refresh Problems A-8 Advanced Troubleshooting of Refresh Problems A-10 viii B Column Length Semantics and Unicode Column Length Semantics for Replication Sites and Table Columns . B-2 Multimaster Support for Column Length Semantics B-3 Column Length Semantics Support for Tables Generated by Advanced Replication . B-3 Column Length Semantics Support for Precreated Tables . B-4 Materialized View Support for Column Length Semantics . B-5 Materialized Views with Prebuilt Container Tables . B-5 Column Length Semantics Support for Updatable Materialized Views B-6 DDL Propagation and Column Length Semantics . B-7 Replication Support for Unicode . B-7 Replication of NCLOB Datatype Columns . B-9 Index ix Send Us Your Comments Oracle Database Advanced Replication, 10g Release 1 (10.1) Part No. B10732-01 Oracle Corporation welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and usefulness of this document. Your input is an important part of the information used for revision. ■ Did you find any errors? ■ Is the information clearly presented? ■ Do you need more information? If so, where? ■ Are the examples correct? 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Oracle Database Advanced Replication describes the features and functionality of Advanced Replication Specifically, Oracle Database Advanced Replication contains conceptual information about Advanced Replication, as well as information about planning your replication environment and troubleshooting replication problems Oracle Database Advanced Replication also contains an introduction to the Replication. .. to Advanced Replication This chapter explains the basic concepts and terminology related to Advanced Replication This chapter contains these topics: I Overview of Replication I Applications That Use Replication I Replication Objects, Groups, and Sites I Types of Replication Environments I Administration Tools for a Replication Environment I Replication Conflicts I Other Options for Multimaster Replication. .. Regarding tables, replication supports advanced features such as partitioned tables, index-organized tables, tables containing columns that are based on user-defined types, and object tables 1-4 Oracle Database Advanced Replication Replication Objects, Groups, and Sites Replication Groups In a replication environment, Oracle manages replication objects using replication groups A replication group is... Oracle Database Advanced Replication Administration Tools for a Replication Environment Replication Management API The replication management API is a set of PL/SQL packages that encapsulate procedures and functions that you can use to configure an Advanced Replication environment The replication management API is a command-line alternative to the Replication Management tool In fact, the Replication Management... multiple replication groups However, each replication object can be a member of only one replication group Replication Sites A replication group can exist at multiple replication sites Replication environments support two basic types of sites: master sites and materialized view sites One site can be both a master site for one replication group and a materialized view site for a different replication. .. transactionally consistent point in time Types of Replication Environments Advanced Replication supports the following types of replication environments: I Multimaster Replication I Materialized View Replication I Multimaster and Materialized View Hybrid Configurations Multimaster Replication Multimaster replication (also called peer-to-peer or n-way replication) enables multiple sites, acting as equal... (if using procedural replication) , and the operating system under which you run an Advanced Replication environment xii Organization This document contains: Chapter 1, "Introduction to Advanced Replication" Introduces the concepts and terminology of Advanced Replication Chapter 2, "Master Replication Concepts and Architecture" Describes the concepts and architecture of multimaster replication Chapter... important than site autonomy Introduction to Advanced Replication 1-3 Replication Objects, Groups, and Sites Advanced Replication can be used for each of the types of applications described in the previous paragraphs, and for systems that combine aspects of both types of applications In fact, Advanced Replication can support both mass deployment and server-to-server replication, enabling integration into... table subsets to sites within each region Introduction to Advanced Replication 1-13 Types of Replication Environments Figure 1–4 Hybrid Configuration or.world Master Site pa.world Master Site Replication Group Replication Group kc.world Materialized View Site Replication Group Materialized View Replication Site Group sf.world Materialized View Replication Site Group ph.world Key differences between materialized... the Replication Management tool online help is the primary documentation source for this tool Introduction to Advanced Replication 1-15 Administration Tools for a Replication Environment Figure 1–5 The Replication Management Tool in Oracle Enterprise Manager Console See Also: Chapter 7, "Introduction to the Replication Management Tool" for an introduction to the Replication Management tool, and the Replication . Oracle Database Advanced Replication describes the features and functionality of Advanced Replication. Specifically, Oracle Database Advanced Replication contains. Introduction to Advanced Replication 1-1 1 Introduction to Advanced Replication This chapter explains the basic concepts and terminology related to Advanced Replication.