Which: đi sau danh từ hay đại từ chỉ đồ vật, loài vật, sự vật, làm chủ ngữ (S) trong mệnh đề tính từ.. Ex: Here is the book.[r]
(1)ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP KHỐI 9
I Adjectives and adverbs ( tính từ trạng từ) 1.Adjectives:
+ Chức :dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đại từ Ex : Lan is a naughty girl She strange talk to her friends + Vị trí: Đứng trước danh từ, đứng sau ( to be)
Ex: Mai is an excellent student She is very good. 2 Adverbs:
a Adverbs of frequency:
[ always,usually often,sometimes, occasionally, rarely ( sedom), never ]
+Chức năng: diển tả hành động theo thói quen hàng ngày, thường dùng tại đơn
Ex :We usually go to Da Lat in the summer.
+ Vị trí : đứng trước động từ thường , đứng sau ( to be) Ex: You never believe me You are always angry with me b Adverbs of manner:
[ Được cấu tạo từ tính từ thêm “ LY”] + Một sơ tính từ thường dùng :
Adjectives Adverbs Adjectives Adverbs
- beau tiful - beautifully - happy - happily
- difficult - difficultly - busy - busily
- slow - slowly - noisy - noisily
- bad - badly - lucky - luckily
- interesting - interestingly - easy - easily
- sudden - suddenly - hungry - hungrily
- strange - strangely - hard - hard
- extreme - extremely - fast - fast
- wram - warmly - good - well
+ Chức năng: diển tả mức độ hành động , bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường + Vị trí : đứng sau động từ thường
Lan is a good student She studies very well + Tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đại từ.
Ví dụ: Ơng giáo viên giỏi He is a good teacher. Ông cao He is tall
+ Trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho động từ từ khác câu Ví dụ: Thầy tơi dạy giỏi My teacher teaches well
Tôi đến đơn giản bỡi tơi bị ốm I couldn’t come simply because I was ill. It is a very interesting book.
* C¸ch nhËn diƯn vÞ trÝ cđa tÝnh tõ:
Chóng ta cã thĨ nhËn biÕt tÝnh tõ chóng ta cã thĨ điền vào hay nhiều mẫu câu nh:
The house is very It was .
She looks
He becomes very I feel .
(2)Vậy tính từ đứng trớc danh từ, sau động từ to be, look, feel, sound, taste, become, smell.
Về mặt cấu trúc ta nhận biết tính từ đợc tạo thành từ từ loại khác thấy chúng tận -ful, -ic, -ous, -al, -ive
* Cách nhận diện vị trí trạng tõ:
VỊ mỈt cÊu tróc, chóng ta cã thĨ nhận biết trạng từ chúng điền vào chỗ trống của hay nhiều mẫu câu nh:
, S + V She sings . He was tired. They have seen it. We'll talk to him
He hasn't written to me
Vậy trạng từ nơi chốn, thể cách, thời gian đứng sau động từ sau tân ngữ Còn trạng từ mức độ thờng xuyên đứng trớc động từ chính, đứng sau động từ to be
II Adverbs clauses of reason ( Mệnh đề trạng ngữ lí do/nguyên nhân) + Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nguyên nhân bắt đầu as, because since As
Because he has no money, he can’t buy that house.
Since Vì khơng có tiền , khơng thể mua ngơi nhà đó.
Adverbs clauses of reason
Notes: Nếu as, because since đầu câu mệnh đề có dấu phảy (,)và as, because since đứng mệnh đề khơng có dấu phảy
He can’t buy that house as/ because / since he has no money Adverbs clauses of reason
*Nhớ mệnh đề trạng ngữ nguyên nhân bắt đầu as, because since * Cụm từ nguyên nhân
Because of + N/ Ving, S + V
Mệnh đề kết
Beause of + noun/ noun phrase: v×, bëi v×
We cancelled the fight because the weather was bad. We cancelled the fight because of the bad weather. He had to retake the exam because he got bad results. He had to retake the exam because of his bad results. III Adjective + that clause/ Adj + to V ( Tính từ + mệnh đề That)
+I am afraid that I will not come tomorrow (Tôi e ngày mai không đến được) +We’re pleased that you passed ( Chúng tơi hài lịng bạn thi đậu)
IV Conditional sentences:
1. Conditional sentences: Type - Điều kiện xảy tại hoặc tương lai với Modal verbs
If clause
(3)If clause ( Mệnh đề If) Main clause ( Mệnh đề chính) Present simple WillCan + Verb - inf
May…
Eg: + If you work very hard, you will pass this test ( Nếu cố gắng bạn đậu) + If you don’t hurry, you may miss the train ( Nếu không vội bạn muộn tàu )
2 Conditional sentences: Type2
- Điều kiện khơng có thật /Điều kiện xảy If clause ( Mệnh đề If) Main clause ( Mệnh đề chính)
Present past
(Be WERE) cho chủ từ
Would
Could + Verb - inf Might…
Eg: +If you worked very hard, you would pass this test ( Hiện bạn khơng đậu kì thi)
+If you didn’t hurry, you could miss the train ( Hiện bạn không muộn tàu)
+If he were a good student, he could help you. ( Hiện anh khơng giúp bạn được) V Connectives (từ nối – liên từ)
* AND (va/ chØ thêm vào ứ):dựng ni hai t hoc hai mệnh đề có giá trị Eõx: Lan likes cats and dogs
* BUT (nhưng /ChØ sù m©u thuÉn hoỈc tr¸i ngỵc) : dùng để nối hai câu có nghĩa trái ngược
Ex: They have a lot of money, but they’re not very happy
* SO (vì thế, vậy):dùng mệnh đề kết Nó đứng trước mệnh đề mà giới thiệu Ex: He’s ill so he stays at home
* THEREFORE (vì thế) : dùng thay cho SO tiếng Anh trang trọng Ex: The weather was too bad, our plan, therefore, had been changed
* HOWEVER ( nhiên) đứng trước theo sau mệnh đề mà giới thiệu sau từ cụm từ Ex: I will offer my cat to Hoa However, he may not like it
* BECAUSE (bởi ) dùng để lý Ex: She didn’t go to the zoo because she was ill Note: Chúng ta dùng “because of” thay “ because”
…… because + S + V ………because of + noun (phrase)
Ex: I was late because of the traffic jam ( keït xe)
* OR ( hay l, hoc la/ lựa chọn hoc đoán chõng) Ex: Is your girl tall or short VI
Phrasal verbs : (Cụm động từ) sau kèm động từ giới từ mang ý nghĩa khác turn off (tắt), turn on(mở), look for (tìm kiếm), look after ( chăm sóc), go on(tiếp tục)
- He forgot turn off the lights when he went to bed ( Anh quên tắt đèn ngủ) - Turn on the light! It’s very dark here ( Hãy mở dùm đèn lên! Trời tối quá)
(4)- The doctor often looks after the patients in the hospital (Ở Bệnh viện bác sĩ thường chăm sóc bệnh nhân)
- If you go on doing that, you’ll be punished ( Nếu bạn tiếp tục làm điều bạn bị phạt) VII. Making suggestions : ( Đưa lời đề nghị)
SUGGEST + VERB- ING,
- I suggest speaking English in class ( Tôi đề nghị nói tiêng Anh lớp) SUGGEST (THAT) + S + SHOULD
- I suggest (that) he should go to see the doctor (Tôi đề nghị anh nên khám bác sĩ) IX.Relative clauses ( Mệnh đề quan hệ)
Đại từ quan hệ : WHO,WHOM, WHICH, THAT A/- Relative Pronouns: who, whom, which, whose
Who: sau danh từ hay đại từ người, làm chủ ngữ (S) mệnh đề tính từ. Ex: That is the man He is a famous designer
That is the man who is a famous designer
Which: sau danh từ hay đại từ đồ vật, loài vật, vật, làm chủ ngữ (S) mệnh đề tính từ
Ex: Here is the book It is on wild animal Here is the book which is on wild animal
Which: sau danh từ hay đại từ đồ vật, loài vật, vật, làm túc từ (O) mệnh đề tính từ Ex: Here is the book I like this book so much
Here is the book which I like so much
Whom: sau danh từ hay đại từ người, làm túc từ (O) mệnh đề tính từ. Ex: They are talking to the man The children admire him very much
They are talking to the man whom the children admire very much
Whose + N: Sau “whose” danh từ, danh từ đứng sau tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, our, their, Mai’s, Mr Robinson’s.Và “whose” thay cho tính từ sở hữu.
Ex: This is a student I borrowed his book
+ Who : thay cho từ người đứng trước làm chủ từ. + Whom: thay cho từ người đứng trước làm tân ngữ.
+ Which : thay cho từ vật, vật đứng trước làm chủ từ tân ngữ. + That : thay cho Who, whom, which
Defining Defining and
non-defining
SUBJECT PeopleThings That WhoWhich
OBJECT PeopleThings (that) WhomWhich
POSSESSIVE People whose Whose
Things Whose/ of which Whose/ of which
* Phải dùng “that” trường hợp sau a) Cụm danh từ hỗn hợp người vật
Eg: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid.
(5)Eg: She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen.
c) Sau đại từ bất định all, nothing, nobody, anything, much, little… Eg: + I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she.
+ Much that I have ever seen is interesting Note: *Không dùng “that” trường hợp sau
a) Có giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ.
The house in which I live is my father’s Câu có giới từ IN *Khơng dùng “that” để thay cho in which
b) Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn ( non- defining ) Vietnam, which is on the south-east Asia, exports rice
(which is on the south-east Asia ) mệnh đề không giới hạn *Không dùng “that” để thay cho which
X Adverb clauses of concession ( Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng bộ)
-Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng bắt đầu though, although, even though Eg: + Although she is very tired, she tries to finish her work.
( Mặc dù cô ta mệt ta cố gắng hồn thành cơng việc) + I like him even though he can be ennoying.
(Tơi thích anh anh bực mình)
+ He likes her very much though she doesn’t like him. In spite of/ despite + noun/ noun phrase
Inspite of/Despite the fact that + clause Eg: -Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. = In spite of/ Despite the traffic, I arrived on time.
In spite of the fact that the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. - Although It rained heavily, we enjoyed our vacation.
=In spite of / Despite the heavy rain, we enjoyed our vacation In spite of the fact that it rained heavily, we enjoyed vacation * Notes: Trong câu có although but
Chú ý: -Công thức rút gọn … +V-ing: dùng hai mệnh đề trùng chủ ngữ.
-Công thức rút gọn ………+ Noun phrase: dùng hai mệnh đề trùng chủ ngữ không trùng chủ ngữ.
+Trêng hợp rút gọn: *Trùng chủ ngữ:
Ex: He is ill but he goes to school.
=>Despite/ In spite of being ill, he goes to school. =>In spite of/ Despite his illness, he goes to school. *Kh«ng trïng chđ ng÷:
Ex: The weather is bad but we go to the beach.
=>In spite of/ Despite the bad weather, we go to the beach. EXERCISES
I Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete each sentence 1) If you ……… that again, I will cry
a say b will say c to say d saying
2) ……… the pollution in that river is awfully bad, the water is not fit to drink
a since b because of c although d when
(6)competition
a unwell b badly c good d well
4) The baby laughed……….when her mother told her a funny story
a happy b happiness c unhappy d happily
5) If we plant more trees along the streets, we ……… the amount of pollution in the atmosphere
a reduce b reduced c will reduce d would reduce 6) They were………that he refused to help them
a surprising b surprised c surprisingly d surprise 7) ……….you are a student, you can get a discount on books
a Before b After c If d Unless
a many b a lot of c little d much
9) We ………to you if we have time
a write b would write c will write d wrote 10) If he has a lot of money, he………abroad.
a travel b will travel c travels d would travel 11) I’m ……… that people have spoiled this area
a disappoint b disappointment c disappointing d disappointed
12) Air ………is often seen as a major environmental result of modern living a pollution b smoke c sewage d fume
13) The trees are cut…… because their wood is wanted
a down b.up c off d.on
14)Who ……… your house when you are away from home
a looks on b looks in c looks after d looks at 15) There’s nothing good on TV Why don’t you turn it…………?
a on b at c off d down
16)Why don’t you……….with your university study?
a go in b go at c go by d go on
17) Na is very tired………., she has to finish her homework before she goes to bed a if b so c however d therefore
18)Hoa failed her math test……… ,she has to the test again a however b but c although d therefore 19) We suggested ………the light bulb It is broken
a replace b to replace c replacing d replaced 20)Mary suggested that they……….together
a went b goes c should go d will go 21)It is ……….that we have our hair cut at that hairdresser’s a suggestion b suggesting c suggested d suggest 22) Lang Sync is a song………… is sung on New Year’s Eve
a when b where c which d who 23) He is the film director _we want to talk to
a.which b.who c.whom d.that
24)That is the man _son died in the war.
(7)25) The storm _nobody has been expecting caused a lot of damage.
a.which b.that c.where d.who
26) We might visit the seashore _we could swim and sunbathe.
a.where b.which c.that d.when
27) I was very tired, I determined to walk on to the next village.
a therefore b however c and d or
28)People live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones.
a who b whom c which d whose
29)Passover is in late March ……… early April.
A in B or C at D on
30) She was because of her bad result.
A happy B happily C unhappy D unhappily II READING
1 Read the passage, then choose the correct answer(A,B,C or D) for each question
Among the festival celebrated by some of Asian people is the Moon Cake Festival, also known as the Mid-August Festival Large numbers of small round moon cakes are eaten on this day, and children enjoy carrying colorful paper lanterns come in all shapes; the more popular ones are shaped like fish, rabbits and butterflies According to them, the moon shines brightest on the night of the Moon Cake Festival As the moon rises, tables are placed outside the house and women make offerings of fruit and moon cakes to the Moon Goddess
1 What does the passage mainly discuss?
A Festivals B Rice-cooking festival C Lunar New Year D Mid-August Festival The phrase “Mid-August Festival” can be replaced by
A Mid-Autumn Festival B Early-Autumn Festival C Late-Autumn Festival D Autumn Festival
3 What types of food Asian people usually eat on this day?
A cakes B sticky-rice cake C moon cakes D fruit The more popular paper lanterns are shaped like
A stars B fish C rabbits and butterflies D fish, rabbits and butterflies When does the moon shine brightest?
A the night before the Moon Cake Festival B the night after the Moon Festival
C the night of the Moon Cake Festival D the following night
6 What is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A paper lanterns B moon shines C.mooncakes D lion-dancing 2 Read the passage and choose the correct answer
Well, I think that living in Bangkok is very exciting I haven’t lived here all my life My family came here when I was three But now it is my home Nearly all my friends live here
(8)imagine I really enjoy the excitement of the crowded streets and large modern buildings I love walking around the streets at the weekend with some other boys from my class
1 when did the writer move to Bangkok ?
A When he was three month years old B At the age of three
C When he was in grade three D At the age of thirteen What does the word “main” in paragraph mean ?
A.quiet B.minor C.major D.clean
3 Why doesn’t the writer mind the long journey to his school ? A Because he travel by bus
B Because he can see many interesting things in the streets C Because he is selling fruits
D Because he can enjoy cooked food
4 Which of the following sentences is not true ?
A The writer was born in Bangkok B Bangkok is the capital city of Thailand C The writer’s house is very far from his school
D Almost streets in Bangkok are crowded and busy
5 Who does the writer walk around the streets at weekends with ? A his sister B.his brother C.his cousins D.his classmates 3.Read the passage and choose the correct answer.
There are at least 2,000 different languages in the world Of all these languages, English is the most widely used It is used by business people, airline pilots and sea captains all over the world It is also the first language in sports and science So it is very important to learn English
Chinese is also an important language because it has the greatest number of speakers There are not only over one billion people living in China today, but also many Chinese people living outside China Chinese is widely spoken in many parts of Asia and Africa Russian is spoken in both Europe and Asia French is widely understood in Europe and in parts of Canada, Africa and Asia From more than 2,000 languages, the United Nations has chosen six of them for business They are Chinese, Arabic, English, French, Russian and Spain
1 How many languages are there in the world?
A less than 2,000 B more than 2,000 C more than 2,00 D.2,000 What is the first language in sport and science?
A Chinese B French C Russian D English
3 What language has the greatest number of speakers?
A Chinese B English C French D Russian
4.What languages are both spoken in Europe?
A English-French B Russian-French C Chinese-Spain D English-Russian What languages are chosen for business by United Nations?