Critical Analysis And Reasoning Skills Review

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® MCAT Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills Review Edited by Alexander Stone Macnow, MD Table of Contents MCAT® Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills Review Cover Title Page Table of Contents The Kaplan MCAT Review Team About the MCAT How This Book Was Created Using This Book Chapter 1: About CARS About CARS Introduction 1.1 The CARS Section 1.2 Passages 1.3 Question Categories Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary Chapter 2: Analyzing Rhetoric Analyzing Rhetoric Introduction 2.1 What Is Rhetoric? 2.2 Key Components of Rhetoric 2.3 Rhetorical Analysis Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary Chapter 3: Keywords Keywords Introduction 3.1 Reading Strategically with Keywords 3.2 Relation Keywords 3.3 Author Keywords 3.4 Logic Keywords Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary Chapter 4: Outlining the Passage Outlining the Passage Introduction 4.1 The Kaplan Method for CARS Passages 4.2 Reverse-Engineering the Author’s Outline 4.3 Practicing the Strategy Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary Chapter 5: Dissecting Arguments Dissecting Arguments Introduction 5.1 Domains of Discourse 5.2 Concepts: The Basic Elements of Logic 5.3 Claims: The Bearers of Truth Value 5.4 Arguments: Conclusions and Evidence Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary Chapter 6: Formal Logic Formal Logic Introduction 6.1 The Logic of Conditionals 6.2 Applications of Conditionals 6.3 Analogical Reasoning Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary Chapter 7: Understanding Passages Understanding Passages Introduction 7.1 Varieties of Passages 7.2 Support in Passages 10 11 12 7.3 Anticipating Questions Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary Chapter 8: Question and Answer Strategy Question and Answer Strategy Introduction 8.1 Kaplan Method for CARS Questions 8.2 Wrong Answer Pathologies 8.3 Signs of a Healthy Answer Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary Chapter 9: Question Types I: Foundations of Comprehension Questions Question Types I: Foundations of Comprehension Questions Introduction 9.1 Main Idea Questions 9.2 Detail Questions 9.3 Function Questions 9.4 Definition-in-Context Questions Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary Chapter 10: Question Types II: Reasoning Within the Text Questions Question Types II: Reasoning Within the Text Questions Introduction 10.1 Inference Questions 10.2 Strengthen–Weaken (Within the Passage) Questions 10.3 Other Reasoning Within the Text Questions Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary Chapter 11: Question Types III: Reasoning Beyond the Text Questions Question Types III: Reasoning Beyond the Text Questions Introduction 11.1 Apply Questions 11.2 Strengthen–Weaken (Beyond the Passage) Questions 11.3 Other Reasoning Beyond the Text Questions Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary 13 Chapter 12: Effective Review of CARS Effective Review of CARS Introduction 12.1 Learning from Your Mistakes 12.2 Thinking Like the Testmaker: Post-Phrasing 12.3 Improving Your Timing 12.4 Building Endurance 12.5 Enhancing Your Vocabulary Conclusion Concept and Strategy Summary 14 About This Book Copyright Information Special Offer for Kaplan Students The Kaplan MCAT Review Team Alexander Stone Macnow, MD Editor-in-Chief M Dominic Eggert Kaplan MCAT Faculty Kimberly Sinnott, MA Kaplan MCAT Faculty MCAT faculty reviewers Elmar R Aliyev; James Burns; Jonathan Cornfield; Alisha Maureen Crowley; Nikolai Dorofeev, MD; Benjamin Downer, MS; Colin Doyle; Marilyn Engle; Eleni M Eren; Raef Ali Fadel; Tyra Hall-Pogar, PhD; Scott Huff; Samer T Ismail; Elizabeth A Kudlaty; Kelly Kyker-Snowman, MS; Ningfei Li; John P Mahon; Matthew A Meier; Nainika Nanda; Caroline Nkemdilim Opene; Kaitlyn E Prenger; Uneeb Qureshi; Derek Rusnak, MA; Kristen L Russell, ME; Bela G Starkman, PhD; Michael Paul Tomani, MS; Nicholas M White; Kerranna Williamson, MBA; Allison Ann Wilkes, MS; and Tony Yu Thanks to Kim Bowers; Tim Eich; Samantha Fallon; Owen Farcy; Dan Frey; Robin Garmise; Rita Garthaffner; Joanna Graham; Adam Grey; Allison Harm; Beth Hoffberg; Aaron Lemon-Strauss; Keith Lubeley; Diane McGarvey; Petros Minasi; John Polstein; Deeangelee PooranKublall, MD, MPH; Rochelle Rothstein, MD; Larry Rudman; Sylvia Tidwell Scheuring; Carly Schnur; Karin Tucker; Lee Weiss; and the countless others who made this project possible About the MCAT The structure of the four sections of the MCAT is shown below Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems Time Format 95 minutes 59 questions 10 passages 44 questions are passage-based, and 15 are discrete (stand-alone) questions Score between 118 and 132 What It Biochemistry: 25% Tests Biology: 5% General Chemistry: 30% Organic Chemistry: 15% Physics: 25% Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS) Time Format 90 minutes 53 questions 9 passages All questions are passage-based There are no discrete (stand-alone) questions Score between 118 and 132 What It Disciplines: Humanities: 50% Tests Social Sciences: 50% Skills: Foundations of Comprehension: 30% Reasoning Within the Text: 30% Reasoning Beyond the Text: 40% Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems Time Format 95 minutes 59 questions 10 passages 44 questions are passage-based, and 15 are discrete (stand-alone) questions Score between 118 and 132 What It Biochemistry: 25% Tests Biology: 65% General Chemistry: 5% Organic Chemistry: 5% Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior Time Format 95 minutes 59 questions 10 passages 44 questions are passage-based, and 15 are discrete (stand-alone) questions ...® MCAT Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills Review Edited by Alexander Stone Macnow, MD Table of Contents MCAT® Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills Review Cover Title Page... The MCAT also tests four Scientific Inquiry and Reasoning Skills (SIRS): Knowledge of Scientific Concepts and Principles (35% of questions) Scientific Reasoning and Problem-Solving (45% of questions) Reasoning About the Design and Execution of Research (10% of... This book is designed to help you review the Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills section of the MCAT It represents one of the content review resources available to you Additional review is available in your