Trong câu có các trạng từ phủ định và bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly, scarely, rarely, barely hoặc từ phủ định như: nowhere, nothing thì câu đó được xem như là câu phủ địn[r]
(1)VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVISION FOR UNIT TIẾNG ANH 11
UNIT 9: CITIES OF THE FUTURE PHẦN I: TỔNG KẾT TỪ VỰNG VÀ NGỮ PHÁP
VOCABULARY
1 city dweller /ˈsɪti - ˈdwelə(r)/ (n) người sống đô thị, cư dân thành thị detect /dɪˈtekt/(v) dị tìm, phát
3 infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/(n) sở hạ tầng inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/(n) cư dân, người cư trú liveable /ˈlɪvəbl/ đáng sống
6 optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/(adj) lạc quan
7 overcrowded /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ (adj) chật ních, đơng nghẹt pessimistic /ˌpɛsɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj) bi quan
9 quality of life /ˈkwɒlɪti/ /ɒv/ /laɪf/ chất lượng sống 10 renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/(adj) tái tạo lại
11 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/(adj) không gây hại cho mơi trường, có tính vữngc 12 upgrade /ˌʌpˈɡreɪd/(v) nâng cấp
13 urban /ˈɜːbən/ thuộc đô thị
14 urban planner /ˈɜːbən/ /ˈplænə/ người / chuyên gia quy hoạch đô thị 15 urban sprawl /ˈɜrbən/ /sprɔl/ mở rộng thị, thị hóa
GRAMMAR
Question tags & Conditional type A Tag Questions (Câu hỏi đuôi):
Câu hỏi đuôi dạng câu hỏi ngắn thêm vào cuối câu nói đàm thoại Câu hỏi đuôi thường dùng để xác nhận lại thơng tin (lên giọng) tìm kiếm đồng thuận (xuống giọng)
Vd:
- It’s hot today, isn’t it? (Hơm trời nóng, phải khơng?) - You live near here, don’t you? (Bạn sống đây, phải không?)
- You were at home last night, weren’t you? ( Tối qua bạn nhà, không?)
I CẤU TRÚC CÂU HỎI ĐI *Cơng thức
Câu khẳng định + đuôi phủ định Câu phủ định + đuôi khẳng định
Vd:
(2)Mr Paine has arrived, hasn’t he? ( Ông Paine đến, phải khơng?) Peter can swim, can’t he? ( Peter bơi, không?)
You don’t drink wine, you? ( Bạn không uống rượu, không?)
Mrs Lora hasn’t retired, has she? ( Bà Lora chưa nghỉ hưu, không?) Peter won’t come, will he? ( Peter không đến, không?)
*Lưu ý:
- Chỉ dùng trợ động từ động từ khuyết thiếu câu hỏi đuôi
- Không dùng tên riêng danh từ câu hỏi đuôi, mà dùng đại từ “I, you, we, they, he, she, it”
- Khi câu hỏi đuôi dạng phủ định, dùng hình thức rút gọn “not” Vd:
Jill wrote this report, wrote she? → Jill wrote this report, didn’t she? The boss was angry, wasn’t the boss? → The boss was angry, wasn’t he? They’re working outside, are not they? → They’re working outside, aren’t they?
Thì
Hiện đơn
They aren’t students, are they?
(Họ sinh viên không?) He comes to school, doesn’t he? (Anh học nhỉ?)
Hiện tiếp diễn He is playing the guitar in his room, isn’t he?
(Anh chơi ghi-ta phịng à?)
Hiện hồn thành The dog hasn’t come back home yet, has it?
(Con chó chưa chạy nhà à?)
Quá khứ đơn
She was a teacher in your school, wasn’t she?
(Cô giáo viên trường bạn à?) They didn’t remember doing homework,
(Họ không nhớ làm nhà không?)
Thì tương lai/ Model Verb You will come to my birthday party, won’t you?
(3)They shouldn’t meet her, should they? (Họ không nên gặp cô ta, phải không?)
II CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT Let’s + V, shall we? (câu mời, rủ rê)
Vd: Let’s play tennis, shall we?
2 Let O (me/him…) + V, will you? (câu xin phép, cho phép)
Vd:
Let him buy it, will you?
Let us use the phone, will you?
3 Let me + V, may I (câu đề nghị giúp người khác)
Vd: Let me help you it, may I?
4 I am…., aren’t I?
Vd: I am older than you, aren’t I?
5 I used to + V, didn’t I?
Vd: They used to work here, didn’t they?
6 Please + V, will/won’t you?
Vd: Please help me, will/won’t you?
7 Don’t + V, will you?
Vd: Don’t that again, will you?
8 There is/are…., isn’t/aren’t there?
Vd: There are some seats left, aren’t there?
9 This/That is…., isn’t it?
Vd: That pen is Mary’s, isn’t it?
10 These/Those are…, aren’t they?
Vd: Those are beautiful, aren’t they?
11 Everyone/someone/anyone/no one, none of, neither of,…, TĐT + they?
Vd: Somebody should help her, shouldn’t they?
12 Nothing , TĐT + it? (đuôi khẳng định)
Vd: Nothing is wrong, is it?
13 S + have/has got…, haven’t/has’t….?
Vd: He has got a nice house, hasn’t he?
14 Trong câu có trạng từ phủ định bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly, scarely, rarely, barely từ phủ định như: nowhere, nothing câu xem câu phủ định với phần hỏi đuôi dạng khẳng định
Vd:
(4)He went nowhere else, did he? They did nothing, did they?
15 had better
had better thường viết ngắn gọn thành 'd better, nên dễ khiến ta lúng túng phải lập câu hỏi đuôi tương ứng Khi thấy 'd better, cần mượn trợ động từ Had để lập câu hỏi đuôi Vd: He'd better apologize, hadn't he?
16 would rather
would rather thường viết gọn 'd rather nên dễ gây lúng túng cho bạn Chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ Would cho trường hợp để lập câu hỏi đuôi
Vd: She'd rather go to the doctor, wouldn't she?
17 Câu cảm thán, lấy danh từ câu đổi thành đại từ, [ ] dùng is, am, are Vd:
What a beautiful dress, isn’t it? What a stupid boy, isn’t he?
How intelligent you are, aren’t you?
18 Câu đầu có I + động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel + mệnh đề phụ, lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi
Eg: I think he will come here, won’t he? I don’t believe Mary can it, can she?
(lưu ý MĐ có not tính MĐ phụ)
Cùng mẫu chủ từ I lại dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi Eg: She thinks he will come, doesn’t she?
19 Chủ ngữ ONE, dùng you one câu hỏi đuôi Vd: One can be one’s master, can’t you/one?
20 Câu có little, a little, few, a few
Vd:
1/ Very little progress has been made, has it? 2/ A little progress has been made, hasn’t it? 3/ Few people knew the answer, did they? 4/ A few people knew the answer, didn’t they?
21 Girls may go out at night, may they not?( “May not” không rút gọn)
22 It seems that + mệnh đề
Lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi
Vd: It seems that you are right, aren't you?
23 Chủ từ mệnh đề danh từ → dùng it
Vd:
(5)Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn't it?
24 Vế đầu I WISH:
Dùng MAY câu hỏi đuôi Vd: I wish to study English, may I?
25 Mệnh đề có MUST:
Must có nhiều cách dùng tùy theo cách dùng mà có câu hỏi khác - Must cần thiết → dùng needn't
Ví dụ: They must study hard, needn't they? - Must cấm đốn → dùng must Ví dụ: You mustn't come late, must you?
- Must dự đoán → dựa vào động từ theo sau must Vd:
He must be a very intelligent student, isn't he? (Anh ta học sinh thông minh, phải không?)
Must dự đốn q khứ (trong cơng thức must +have+ p.p): => dùng TĐT have/has Ví dụ: You must have stolen my bike, haven't you? (Bạn lấy cắp xe tôi, phải không?)
B Conditional sentence type (Câu điều kiện loại 0) Công thức:
If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu mệnh lệnh
2 Cách dùng: Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy điều kiện đáp ứng, diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, kết tất yếu xảy
3 Lưu ý
Tất động từ câu (mệnh đề mệnh đề điều kiện) chia đơn
* If + Mệnh đề (thì đơn giản), Mệnh đề (thì đơn giản) => Khi muốn nhắn nhủ đó:
E.g : If you see Nam, you tell him I’m in Vietnam
(Nếu bạn gặp Nam, nhắn anh Việt Nam nhé.)
* If + Mệnh đề (thì đơn giản), Mệnh đề (mệnh lệnh thức/ câu mệnh lệnh) => Dùng muốn nhấn mạnh
E.g: If you have any trouble, please telephone me though 115
(Nếu bạn có rắc rối nào, xin hẫy gọi cho qua số điện thoại 115.)
* Nếu diễn tả thói quen, mệnh đề thường xuất thêm: often, usually, or always E.g: If water is frozen, it expands (Nếu nước bị đơng đặc nở ra.)
(6)If you heat ice, it turns to water (Nếu bạn làm nóng nước đá, chảy ra.) If we are cold, we shiver (Nếu bị lạnh, run lên.)
PHẦN B: BÀI TẬP Part I PHONETICS
Exercise Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
1 A dweller B overcrowded C network D waste
2 A commercial B electricity C advanced D Processing
3 A inhabitant B geography C radiation D available
4 A upgrade B presentation C description D consumption
5 A disposal B optimistic C population D occupy
Exercise Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions
6 A organiser B comfortable C technology D populated
7 A presentation B pessimistic C residential D innovative
8 A renewable B sustainable C insfrastructure D environment
9 A familiar B generate C assignment D pollutant
10 A overcrowded B inhabitant C geography D convenient
ĐÁP ÁN
1 B A C D A C D C B 10 A Part II VOCABULARY
Exercise Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
11 Local authorities should fínd ways to limit the use of private cars and encourage city to use public transport
A Commuters B planners C dwellers D people
12 To get ready for the presentation, we can start preparing the slides while Jeremy will the
A speaking B telling C talking D speech
13 Located about 60 km southwest of Seoul, this eco city has been planned around a Central park and designed so that every resident can walk to work in the business
A District B area C location D organisation
14 The waste system here is also innovative There are no rubbish trucks or waste bins in the Street
(7)15 London is a/an city It’s a melting pot for people from all parts of the world A Intemational B national C metropolitan D cosmopolitan
16 Cities in poorer countries often lack basic _ Without it, they are unable to function properly as cities
A Structure B construction C infrastructure D condition
17 The _ of living m some places can be very high Prices in London are particularly exorbitant
A Value B price C worth D cost
18 Urban is prevalent in most cities Everywhere you go there are building
sites, pedestrian precincts, blocks of flats, and housing estates spreading into the countryside A Sprawl B expansion C widening D spread
19 This safe, _ friendly city is like a paradise for its inhabitants who can enjoy the highest quality of life
A Environment B Environmental C Environmentally D environmentalist
20 _ waste is putting city dweller’s health at a real risk
A Treatment B Untreated C Non-treatment D Non-treated 21 Every month, scientists invent new gadgets and _ to help us with our daily lives, and discover ways to make existing technology faster and better
A Experiments B effects C laboratories D equipment
22 Unlike the country where the day often ends quite early in the evening, the city offers its people exciting _
A Activities B performances C nightlife D night clubs 23 The roads are terrible I’m always getting in traffic
A Stuck B lost C exhausted D late
24 A pedestrian is a specified place on the road where people can cross A Crossroads B Crossing C junction D T-junction
25 Everything’ s bit more expensive here and property prices are extremely high A lot of people have no choice but to live in the _ and commute in to work A Outskirt B suburbs C city D urban
26 It’s much safer for cyclists to get around these days with cycle everywhere A lanes B streets C roads D paths
27 The _ is where you’ll find all the large department stores and banks A City heart B town hall C city centre D business district 28 Exhaust _ from cars are responsible for much of the air pollution in cities A Fumes B smokes C gases D smog
(8)A Pollution B litters C garbage D pollutants
30 Many commuters struggling to work through the rush-hour ask ‘Is it worth it?’ A Congestion B vehicles C roads D accidents
31 It is, perhaps, the daily stresses and _ of the city which make life there a matter of survival rather than of enjoyment
A Depresses B strains C demands D challenges 32 Most cars nowadays are íĩtted with a security of some kind A Motor B gadget C tool D device
33 The greenhouse _ takes place when certain gases in the atmosphere trap sun’s heat
A Emission B gas C effect D affect
34 Pollution and heavy traffic are common problems in _ cities A Cosmopolitan B modem C metropolitan D overcrowded
35 Millions of people around the world still live in poverty They are struggling every day simply to _
A Get up B get by C get on D get round
Exercise Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
36 Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about million people It offers a healthy climate, a pollution-free atmosphere, plenty of water, and many green spaces
A Healthy B prosperous C modem D green
37 Scientists hope that this new drug will be a major breakthrough in the fíght against AIDS A New cure B important therapy
C Sudden remedy D dramatic development
38 They design and carry out projects aiming to reduce fossil fuel consumption, find renewable fuels for public transport, and promote other clean air efforts A Inexhaustible B recyclable
C Green D environmentally-friendly
39 The urban planners are working for Eco Inữastructure Network, whose main function is to deal with urban environmental problems to make Super Star City greener, cleaner, and more sustainable
A Eye-catching B developed C Long-lasting D friendly
40 If we have solar panels on our roofs, we’ll be able to generate our own electricity A Afford B produce C manufacture D light
41 I believe the government will use advanced technology to build faster trains and make people’s life more comfortable
A Modern B expensive C public D latest
(9)A People B migrants C immigrants D residents
43 These projects have proved to be very effective in dealing with global climate change, which was considered an insoluble problem in the fírst 30 years of this century
A Hard B challenging C unsolvable D unbearable 44 There’s a real mix of people in Brighton, It has a very cosmopolitan feel to it A Busy B hectic C multi-cultural D diversified 45 People who hold optimistic view believe that cities of the íuture will increase the general well-being of individuals and societies
A Health state B quality of life C Level of development D growth rate
Exercise Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
46 If I take the pessimistic viewpoint, Tokyo won’t be a safe place to live in A Negative B optimistic C optical D neutral
47 To reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere, ways to limit the use of private cars must be found
A Public B personal C common D shared 48 People who live in towns and cities live in an urban environment A Remote B deserted C suburban D rural
49 There is pollution not only of the physical environment because the various pressure of urban life causes cities to breed crime
A Social B mental C moral D manual
50 Governments have to join hands to solve the environmental problems on a global scale A Worldwide B nationwide C local D intemational
ĐÁP ÁN
11 C 12 C 13 A 14 B 15 D 16 C 17 D 18 A 19 C 20 B 21.D 22 C 23 A 24 B 25 B
26 A 27 C 28 A 29 D 30 A 31 B 32 D 33 C 34 D 35 B 36 B 37 D 38 A 39 C 40 B 41 A 42 D 43 C 44 C 45 B
46 B 47 A 48 D 49 A 50 C Part III GRAMMAR
Exercise Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
51 This is the right DVD, _ ?
(10)52 I’m not the only one, _ ?
A aren’t I B am I C am not I D are not I 53 Let’s go out tonight, _ ?
A Shall we B will we C could we D would we 54 Don’t forget to write to me soon, _ ?
A Would you B could you c can you D will you 55 Nothing ữightens you, _ ?
A Does it B doesn’t it C they D don’t they 56 Somebody’s just called my name, ?
A Hasn’t he B didn’t he C haven’t they D have they 57 I suppose you don’t like the course, ?
A Don’t I B I C don’t you D you 58 Everyone’s going to be there, _?
A Isn’the B is he C aren’t they D are they 59 We never enjoy our city break, ?
A Do we B don’t we C have we D haven’t we 60 There will be more and more megacities in the world, _ ?
A Will it B won’t it C will there D won’t there 61 No one wants to live in a polluted city, ?
A Do they B don’t they C does he D doesn’t he 62 I think city dwellers can enjoy an exciting nightlife, _ ?
A Don’t you think B don’t I C Can’t they D can they
63 There’s hardly anything that can be done to reduce pollution, _ ? A Isn’t there B is there C can it D can’t it
64 You have to wear uniform when going to work, _ ?
A Haven’t you B have you C you D don’t you 65 We are supposed to submit the assignment by Friday, ? A Don’t we B are we C aren’t we D we 66 Put these flowers near the window, ?
A Will you B would you C could you D all are correct 67 None of the old people likes living in urban areas, ?
(11)A Did it B didn’t it C I D don’t I 70 Sophie has got no major problems living in the new city, ?
A Hasn’t she B has she C does she D doesn’t she
Exercise Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
71 Sarah will be very annoyed if Dave her this evening A Won’t call B not call C doesn’t call D will call 72 When you with your Computer, can I borrow it?
A Have finished B will finish C Will have finished D are finishing
73 If you like peace and quiet, _ move to the town to live A You won’t B you will C let’s D don’t
74 If you go by air, it you around two hours to get to Ho Chi Minh City from Ha Noi
A Would take B takes C took D spends 75 _ he well in the exam, his parents will buy him an MP3 player A If B When C Should D Were
76 You are expected to fasten the seatbeit you are driving A When B if C whenever D all are correct 77 If you need help, me!
A Will tell B let’s tell C let tell D tell
78 If unemployment is rising, people _ to stay in their current jobs A Tend B will tend C have tended D would tend 79 If you see Karen, _ you ask her to call me?
A Shall B will C D would
80 If you bully someone, you them to things against their will A Will force B forced C force D would force
ĐÁP ÁN
51 C 52 B 53 A 54 D 55 A 56 C 57 D 58 C 59 A 60 D 61 A 62 C 63 B 64 D 65 C 66 D 67 C 68 A 69 A 70 B 71 C 72 A 73 D 74 B 75 C
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