Chuû ngöõ laø nhöõng danh töø coù hình thöùc soá nhieàu: glasses, jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, shorts… Ex: My trousers are torn.. Chuû ngöõ laø nhöõng ñaïi töø hoaëc cuïm t[r]
(1)1 TENSES
1. Present simple ( Hiện đơn )
a. Form ( hình thức) Động từ thường
Khẳng định: I / you / we / they + verb …… He / she / it,Mary,Tom + verb (+ s / es )…… Phủ định : I / you / we / they + don’t + verb…
He / she / it,Mary,Tom + doesn’t + verb…… Nghi vaán : Do + I / you / we / they + verb… ?
Does + he / she / it ,Mary,Tom + verb……? Với động từ TO BE
(+) I am
You , We ,They are He , She , It is (-) I am not You , We ,They arenot He , She , It isnot
(?) Am I ? Are You , We ,They ?
Is He , She , It ,Mary,Tom,Tuan ? b. Use ( cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy thường xuyên thói quen Ex: Do you often go to the cinema ?
We sometimes go sailing at weekends. He smokes twenty cigarettes a day. We go to the country every weekend. - diễn tả thật chân lí mn đời., thật hiển nhiên
- Diễn tả hành động lúc nói( câu khơng có kiện ) - Dùng câu điều kiện lọai (trong mệnh đề phụ) Cách nhận biết:
(2)always (luoân luoân),
often (thường),
usually/generally (thường thường), sometimes (thỉnh thoảng),
rarely/seldom (hiếm khi),
never (khơng bao giờ),
every + time (hằng, ….)
once / twice …+ a + time (một / hai lần )
(3)Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Always, usually, sometimes, often, normally, generally, occasionally, as a rule, never, rarely, seldom, … Every: everyday, every morning, every Saturday…
Three times a week, twice a month, from time to time…
1 TLĐ _ WHEN _HTĐ HTĐ _AFTER _ TLĐ TLĐ _ BEFORE _HTĐ TLĐ _ AS SOON AS _HTĐ HTĐ _ THAT HTHT
6 TLĐ _ UNTIL _HTĐ TLĐ _ BECAUSE _HTĐ TLĐ _ BY THE TIME _HTĐ TLĐ _ SO _HTĐ
10 TLĐ IF HTĐ
2. Present continuous ( Hieän tiếp diễn )
a. Form ( hình thức)
Khẳng định: S + am / are / is + V-ing …… Phủ định : S + am / are / is + not + V-ing …… Nghi vaán : Am / Are / Is + S + V-ing ……?
b. Use ( cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy vào lúc nói
Ex: What’s that smell ? Something is burning in the kitchen Why are you wearing that funny hat ?
I work in a bakery everyday But I’m working in a shop this week
- Dùng câu mệnh lệnh.( Look! Be quite! Don’t make noise! Listen! Watch out! Keep silent ) Cách nhận biết: now , right now / right at the moment / at present, today , this + time
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) Now, right now, at present, at the moment, still
Today, this week, these days, this term, this year, this summer, nowadays…
Khơng dùng HTTD QKTD với động từ tri giác sau đây: Like, Dislike, Detest, Fear, Respect, Loathe, Hate, Love,
Believe , Trust , Want , Wish , Desire , Know , Perceive, Notice , Understand , Forget , Remember , Recollect , Consist , Contain , Concern , Belong , Possess , Own , Owe , Concern , Matter , Appear (cã vỴ), Look (cã vỴ), Seem (dêng nh), Smell (có mùi), Taste (có vị), Sound (có vẻ), Mean (cã nghÜa lµ), Signify (cã nghÜa lµ),See (hiĨu), Realize (hiĨu), Recognize (nhËn thøc), Hold
(chứa đựng), Keep (tiếp tục), Admire (khâm phục), belong, need, TO BE
VÝ dô : - I want to see him right now (Tôi muốn gặp bây giờ), chø kh«ng nãi I am wanting to see him right now. - The meat smells of garlic (ThÞt cã mïi tái), chø kh«ng nãi The meat is smelling of garlic
- I perceive her smile as an ironic remark (Tôi nhận thấy nụ cời cô ta mét lêi nhËn xÐt mØa mai), chø kh«ng nãi I am
perceiving her smile as an ironic remark 3. Simple past ( Quá khứ đơn )
a. Form ( hình thức) Khẳng định: S + V2 / V-ed …… Phủ định : S + didn’t + V1 …
Nghi vaán : Did + S + V1 … ? Với động từ TO BE
( +) I ( He , She , It , Tên người số ít) was You ( We , They ) were
b. Use ( cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy chấm dứt thời điểm khoảng thời gian xác định khứ Ex: He met her yesterday.
He lived in Hanoi from 1990 to 2000. They didn’t meet each other last night.
- Dùng sau hành động khác q khứ(đi với QKHT) (CĨ before, after, by the time, that ) - Hành động khác cắt ngang( QKĐ – QKTD( CÓ when xuất hiện) )
- Dùng câu điều kiện lọai 2(chia mệnh đề phụ(be = were)) - Chỉ thói quen khứ
Cách nhận biết: yesterday, ago, last + time , in + year , from… to Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Yesterday, yesterday morning, in the past, in 1985, when I was young, when I was a child…
(4) Last: last night, last year, last month, last summer Ago: two days ago, three weeks ago, a month ago
1 _QKTD _WHEN QKĐ _QKHT _WHEN QKĐ _QKTD _WHEN _QKTD _QKĐ WHEN QKĐ _QKHT BY THE TIME QKĐ _QKĐ AFTER _QKHT _ QKHT _BEFORE QKĐ _ _QKĐ WHILE QKTD _ QKTD _ WHILE _QKTD _ 10 _QKHT _AS SOON AS QKĐ 11 _QKĐ _THAT QKHT _
12 QKĐ _AS QKTD _ 13 _QKĐ BECAUSE _QKHT _ 14 _QKHT UNTIL _QKĐ _
15 TLTQK(S + Would,Should, Could…+ V1) _IF QKĐ _
4. Past continuous ( Quá khứ tiếp diễn )
a. Form ( hình thức) Khẳng định: S + were / was + V-ing ……
Phủ định : S + were / was + not + V-ing …… Nghi vaán : Were / Was + S + V-ing ……?
b. Use ( caùch duøng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: What were you doing at 8.00 last night ? I was watching television When I got home , the children were crying and the dog was barking Diễn tả hành động bị gián đoạn
Ex: While I was having a bath, the phone rang He was making some coffee when we arrived Diễn tả hai hành động diễn lúc
Ex: I was learning my lesson while my parents were watching TV at 8.30 last night. While he was playing football, we were listening to music.
Cách nhận biết:
(5)At that moment ( vào lúc đó) At that time ( vào lúc đó)
At this time yesterday ( vào lúc hôm qua)
At this time last night ( vào lúc tối hôm qua)
At (5, …) o'clock yesterday (vào lúc (5, 6…) hôm qua.)All day yesterday ( suốt ngày hôm qua)
5. Present perfect ( Hiện hoàn thành )
a. Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : I/ you /we /they + have + V3 / V-ed … He /she /it + has + V3 / V-ed Phủ định : S + have / has + not + V3 / V-ed … Nghi vaán : Have / has + S + V3 / V-ed … ?
b. Use (Cách dùng )
Dùng để hành động xảy khứ kéo dài đến : Ex: I have learnt English for years
My mother has decorated the house since yesterday. He has seen that actor many times
- Hành động vừa xảy
- Không xác định thời gian khứ - Hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần Cách nhận biết:
for (suốt) since (kể từ)
up to now / so far / until now / up to present (cho tới )
for ages ( lâu ) just (vừa mới) already (rồi)
recently / lately (gần đây) never
ever still (vẫn) not…yet (chưa)
several times = many times (nhiều laàn)
(6)Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Since, for,Just, recently, lately, already, never, ever, yet, so far, until now, up to now, for ages, for a long time, up to the present, how long,in the last few years…
Lưu ý: Các trạng từ dùng kèm với tạ hoàn thành câu đơn Nếu câu từ hai mệnh đềø trở lên ta phải dựa vào ngữ cảnh khơng dựa vào trạng từ đó.)
HTHT _SINCE QK Đ
6. Present perfect continuous ( Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn )
a. Form (Hình thức)
Khẳng định : I/ you /we /they + have + been + V- ing …
He /she /it ,Mary,Tom,Mai… + has + been + V- ing Phủ định : S + have / has + not + been + V- ing …
Nghi vaán : Have / has + S + been + V- ing … ?
b. Use (Cách dùng ) Nhấn mạnh liên tục hành động kéo dài từ khứ tiếp diễn Ex: I’ve been working for the same company for twelve years.
How long have you been playing football ?
7. Past perfect ( Quá khứ hoàn thành )
a. Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : S + had + V3 / V-ed … Phủ định : S + had + not + V3 / V-ed … Nghi vaán : Had + S + V3 / V-ed … ?
b. Use (Cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khác thời điểm khác khứ - Dùng câu điều kiện lọai 3(chia mệnh đề phụ)
Cách nhận biết: before, after, by the time, when, as soon as
Ex: My parents had already eaten by the time I got home. Until yesterday , I had never heard about it
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) By + (the past time): by 2003, by last year
By the time + clause: by the time we got there, by the time you went to bad… Before, after, when, already,
1 _QKHT _WHEN QKĐ _QKHT BY THE TIME QKĐ _QKĐ AFTER _QKHT _ QKHT _BEFORE QKĐ _ _QKHT _AS SOON AS QKĐ _QKĐ _THAT QKHT _
7 _QKĐ BECAUSE _QKHT _ _QKHT UNTIL _QKĐ _
9 QKHT IF _PAST SUBJUNTIVE (S + WOULD,SHOULD, COULD, MIGHT + HAVE + PP)
8. Past perfect continuous ( Quá khứ hồn thành tiếp diễn ) a. Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : S + had + been + V-ing … Phuû ñònh : S + had + not + been + V-ing … Nghi vaán : Had + S + been + V-ing … ?
b. Use (Cách dùng )
Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục hành động xảy trước hành động khác hay thời điểm khác khứ
Ex: She had been studying English before she came here for classes.
The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him 9 Simple future ( Tương lai đơn )
a.Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : S + will / shall + V1 … Phủ định : S + will / shall + not + V1 … Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + V1 … ?
b.Use (Cách dùng )
(7)Ex: Will you go shopping with me now ? -Diễn tả việc không chắn
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) Next: next week, next month, next summer…
Someday, soon, in 2050, in two weeks, in three days, tomorrow… I think, I am sure, promise, hope …
1 TLĐ _ WHEN _HTĐ HTĐ _AFTER _ TLĐ TLĐ _ BEFORE _HTĐ TLĐ _ AS SOON AS _HTĐ HTĐ _ THAT _TLĐ
6 TLĐ _ UNTIL _HTĐ TLĐ _ BECAUSE _HTĐ TLĐ _ BY THE TIME _HTĐ TLĐ _ SO _HTĐ
10 TLĐ IF HTĐ 10 Future continuous ( Tương lai tiếp diễn )
a.Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : S + will / shall + be + V-ing … Phủ định : S + will / shall + be + not + V-ing … Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing … ?
b.Use (Cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm xác định tương lai Ex: Don’t phone at 8.00 I’ll be having supper.
This time tomorrow I ‘ll be flying to New York
Dùng để hỏi kế hoạch hay dự tính ngưới khác , muốn hay muốn người làm điều
Ex: “ Will you be using your bicycle this evening? “ “ No, you can take it “ “ Will you be passing the post office when you go out ? “ “ Yes , why ? 11 Future perfect ( Tương lai hồn thành )
a.Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : S + will / shall + have + V3 / V-ed … Phủ định : S + will / shall + not + have + V3 / V-ed … Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + have + V3 / V-ed … ?
b.Use (Cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước hành động khác thời điểm khác tương lai Ex: The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing
By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for years. RELATIVE CLAUSES
Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn
Relative pronouns : WHO – WHOM –
Người WHO(THAY CHO S)(HE,SHE,THEY)+ BE/V/ MODAL VERBS
Người WHOM(THAY CHO O)(HIM ,HER,THEM)+ S
Người WHOSE( thay cho POSS ADJECTIVE) (HIS,HER,ITS,THEIR) + Noun
Vaät WHICH (THAY CHO S)(IT,,THEY)+ BE/V/ MODAL VERBS
Chức Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn Chủ ngữ
Người WHO/THAT WHO
Vaät WHICH/THAT WHICH
Tân ngữ
Người WHOM/THAT/ WHOM
Vaät WHICH/THAT/ WHICH
Sở hữu Người WHOSE WHOSE
(8)1 The woman is my mother She wears a hat The woman who / that wears a hat is my mother My mother is the person I always think of her
My mother is the person whom / that I always think of The bicycle is beautiful You are looking at it
The bicycle which / that you are looking at is beautiful The book is my teacher’s It is on the table
The book which / that is on the table is my teacher’s He is the boy His father is the director of this company He is the boy whose father is the director of this company Relative adverbs : WHERE – WHEN – WHY
1 WHERE : dùng để thay “ giới từ + which” : “ in which, at which, on which…” nói nơi chốn. Ex: I went to the office My father works in the office
I went to the office in which my father works. I went to the office where my father works.
2 WHEN: được dùng để thay “giới từ + which” : “ in which , at which, on which ….” nói thời gian Ex: You can visit me on Sundays I am usually free on Sundays
You can visit me on Sundays on which I am usually free You can visit me on Sundays when I am usually free 3 WHY : được dùng để thay “ for + which” nói lý
Ex: He refused my invitation The reason is unknown The reason why he refused my invitation is unknown.
NOTE : “ where , when , why “ không sau giới từ
Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn : mệnh đề bổ sung, đặt sau danh từ xác định, ngăn cách với mệnh đề hai dấu phẩy
Ex: Michael Jackson is an American singer I saw him on TV yesterday Michael Jackson , whom I saw on TV yesterday , is an American singer. NOTES
a “That” thường dùng trường hợp sau: Khi từ trước người vật
Ex: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid
Sau so sánh danh từ trước làm tân ngữ sau từ : the first, the last, the only, the very, any, all, nothing, anything, everything, few, nobody, …
Ex: You are the person that I have been looking for. She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen. I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she
b “That” không dùng trường hợp sau: Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đứng trước
Ex: The house in which / in that I live is my father’s.
That is the man from whom / from that I borrowed the car. Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn
Ex: Viet Nam, which / that is in the south-east Asia, exports rice.
c Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không giới hạn ) , danh từ xác định thường : Danh từ riêng : Nam, Hong , Mr Smith, Mrs Green …
Đại từ định : this , that , these, those Tính từ sở hữu : my, your , our , their , his, her
Ex: Mr Pike is very nice He is my neighbor Mr Pike , who is my neighbor , is very nice This matter is of great importance You should pay attention to it
This matter , to which you should pay attention, is of great importance
(9)b Used to + bare infinitive : từng, thường ( thói quen khứ ) ( didn’t use to + V1 / Did + S + use to + V1?)
Ex : He used to smoke a lot of cigarette. c Use + noun : dùng
Ex : I have used this book for many years.
d Be used for + Ving / be used to + V1 : dùng để ( công dụng vật )
Ex : Money is used for buying and selling goods = Money is used to buy and sell goods. 4 WISH CLAUSES
Ex: I wish I would fly to Hanoi tomorrow
She wish she had enough time to study now
They wish they had come to the party last night
8 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Loại Main clauses If clause
1 Điều kiện xảy tương lai Simple present
(hiện đơn) will/shall … + V1
2 Điều kiện xảy Simple past (Quá khứ đơn )
(be were ) would /should /… + V1
3 Điều kiện xảy khứ Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành )
would/should… + have + V3/V-ed
Note: Unless = If … not ( không, trừ phi)
Ex :Unless it rains, we will go to the movies = If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the movies
Unless they attended class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson = If they didn’t attend class regularly,
they couldn’t understand the lesson
As long as / provided / providing (that) : với điều kiện là Ex: You can borrow my book as long as you use it carefully. You can play providing (that) you don’t make so much noise. Suppose, supposing: giả sử
Ex: Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do? 4 In case: phòng khi, trường hợp
Ex: Take an umbrella with you in case it rains
5 PASSIVE VOICE Ex:
Active: Mr Smith taught English
Passive: English was taught by Mr Smith.
BẢNG TĨM TẮT CÁC THÌ Ở BỊ ĐỘNG
TENSE ( Thì ) ACTIVE ( Câu chủ động ) PASSIVE ( Câu bị động )
1 Simple present ( Hiện đơn ) S + Verb ( s / es ) S + am / is / are + V3 / V-ed Present continuous ( HTTD ) S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am /is /are + being + V3 /V-ed Simple past (Quá khứ đơn ) S + V2 / V-ed S + was / were + V3 / V-ed Past continuous ( QKTD ) S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + being + V3 / V-ed Present perfect ( HTHT ) S + have / has + V3 / V-ed S + have / has + been + V3 / V-ed Modal verbs
7 Past perfect (QKHT)
S + will/shall/can/could/must…+ V3 / V-ed
S + have/has/ought to + V1… S + had + V3/ Ved
S + will/shall/can/could/must+ be + V3/V-ed S + have/has/ought to + be + V3/V-ed… S + had + been + V3/ Ved
1 Mong ước xảy tương lai: WOULD + V1
(10)Câu chủ động :
Câu bị động :
Ex : People believe that 13 is an unlucky number It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number 13 is believed to be an unlucky number
2 They know that the prisoner escaped from the jail. It is known that the prisoner escaped from the jail The prisoner is known to have escaped from the jail 2 Bị động thể truyền khuyến
Model : Câu chủ động :
Câu bị động :
Ex : I had the garage repair my car I had my car repaired by the garage Model :
Câu chủ động : Câu bị động :
Ex : I get her to make some coffee. I get some coffee made.
6 PHRASES and CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
( Cụm từ mệnh đề mục đích )
a Phrases of purpose ( Cụm từ mục đích )
Ex : I learn English to study abroad = I learn English in order to study abroad
He got up early so as not to miss the train = He got up early in order not to miss the train
b Clauses of purpose (Mệnh đề mục đích )
Ex : I’m buying some paint so that I can paint my room = I’m buying some paint in order that I can paint my room 7 SOME USEFUL STRUCTURES
1 MODEL 1
BECAUSE / SINCE / AS + CLAUSE
Ex: a Because she behaves well, everybody loves her.= Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her
BECAUSE OF / DUE TO + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUNDS
To–infinitive
In order (not) to / so as (not ) to + V1
So that
+ S + modal verbs + V1 ( will / would / can /could… )
In order that
People / they + V1 (consider/ know / believe/ say /…) + …that + S + V2 + … It + is / was + past participle (V1) + that + S + V2 +…
to infinitive … (khi V2 tương lai)
S + be + past participle (V1) +
to have + V3/V-ed … (khi V2 khứ)
S + have + Object ( người ) + V-bare infinitive + Object (Vật) S + have + Object ( vật ) + V3 /Ved + by O (người)
(11)2 MODEL 2
Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time = Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time 3 MODEL 3
Ex: I find it hard to live on my salary I think it a good thing to be accurate 4 MODEL 4
: (Ai) (thời gian) để làm gì Ex: It takes me half an hour to ride to school
5 CLASUES OF RESULT
Ex: The box was too heavy for the children to carry This question is enough easy for us to answer She ran so fast that they couldn’t catch her
It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it
8 THE PRONUNCIATION Of THE ENDINGS: -S/ES and -ED A Cách phát âm đuôi S/ES động từ ngơi thứ ba số ít, danh từ số nhiều, sở hữu cách.
Đäc lµ /S/ nÕu sau từ tận âm nh /k/, /p/, /f/, /θ/,/t/
Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives
/p/ /t/ /f/ /k/ /θ/ maps /mæps/ cats / kæts / laughs / lɑ:fs / books / buks / lengths / leηθs /
stops / stops/ calculates /'kælkjuleits/ laughs / la:fs / attacks / ə'tæks /
Janet’s / zænets/ Cliff’s / klifs/ Frank’s / fræηks/ Gareth’s / gares /
ọc /IZ/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /ks/, /∫/, /t∫/, /s/ , /dʒ/, /ʒ/, /z/.
Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives
/s/ /ks/ / ∫ / /t∫/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /z/ glasses boxes wishes churches garages pages bruises misses mixes washes matches massages stages rises Bruce’s Felix’s Trish’s Gooch’s Solange’s Gorges Roses ọc /Z/ sau từ tận phụ âm lại, tất nguyên âm.
Plural nouns 3rd singular verbs Possessives
/b/ /v/ /d/ /g/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /η/ cubs caves beds eggs hills rooms pens rings robs lives reads digs fills comes learns brings Bob’s Olive’s Donald’s Peg’s Daniel’s Tom’s Jane’s King’s
ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH + CLAUSE
DESPITE / IN SPITE OF + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUNDS
S + V + too + adj/adv + ( for + O ) + to infinitive S + V + adj / adv + enough + ( for + O ) + to infinitive S + V + enough + noun + to-inf / for something S + V + so + adj / adv
S + V + so +much / many + noun + THAT + CLAUSE S + V + such ( a /an) + adj +noun
S + V + such + a lot of + noun
S + V (find/consider/believe/make ) + it + ADJ / NOUN + TO–inf
(12)B Cách phát âm đuôi ED động từ có quy tắc.
Đäc /id/ sau từ tận âm /d/ /t/.
need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start – started ọc /t/ sau từ tận âm /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /θ/, /ks/
wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped watch – watched fax – faxed ọc /d/ sau từ tận âm lại.
play played plan – planned offer – offered bathe – bathed call – called borrow – borrowed
* Các tính từ tận ED đuôi ED đợc phát âm nh cách phát âm động từ có quy tắc Tuy nhiên, số tính từ cổ tận cùng -ed, số trạng từ tận -edly, -ed đợc phát âm /id/.
Adjectives:
/id/ naked : khỏa thân crooked : cong, oằn ragged : nhàu, cịwretched : khèn khỉ rugged : gå ghỊ learned : uyên bác
Adverbs:
/id/ deservedly : xng đáng supposedly: cho là markedly : cách rõ ràng, đáng ý allegedly : cho rằng 9 SUBJECT and VERB AGREEMENT:( Sửù hoà hụùp giửừa chuỷ ngửừ vaứ ủoọng tửứ )
1 Những trường hợp động từ chia số ít:
a Hai chủ ngữ gồm nhiều danh từ nối với “ and “ người vật Ex: My old friend and colleague, John, has just got married
b Chủ ngữ từ số lượng tiền bạc, thời gian, khoảng cách, trọng lượng. Ex: Ten dollars is not enough
Three years in a strange land seems like a long time
c Chủ ngữ đại từ bất định: each(of), every(of), any (+ one, thing, body), some (+ one, thing, body), no (+ one, thing, body), one of, either of, neither of, the number of …
Ex: If anyone calls, tell him I’ll call back later Each of the boys has a bicycle
d Chủ ngữ mệnh đề, danh động từ, động từ nguyên mẫu: Ex: That he failed the exam makes his parents sad
Walking is good for health To live is to struggle
e Chủ ngữ nhóm từ, câu trích, tựa sách Ex: “War and peace” is a masterpiece by Toilstoi
“We shall overcome” becomes international progressive slogan
Notes : Chủ ngữ danh từ có hình thức số nhiều thực tế chúng danh từ số ít
Mơn học, : mathematics (tốn), physics (lý), economics (kinh tế), politics (chính trị), linguistics (ngơn ngữ ), phonetics (ngữ âm ), athletics (điền kinh), statistics (thống kê)
Bệnh tật : mumps (quai bị), measles (sởi), rickets (còi xương)
Địa danh : Wales, The United States, The United Nations, The Phillipines… Danh từ khác: news (tin tức), innings (hiệp đấu), billiards (bi da),
2 Những trường hợp động từ chia số nhiều:
a Chủ ngữ gồm nhiều danh từ nhiều người hay nhiều vật: Ex: John and Joe are roommate in this school-year
b Chủ ngữ danh từ có hình thức số nhiều: glasses, jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, shorts… Ex: My trousers are torn
c Chủ ngữ đại từ cụm từ: several, both, both…and, many, few, some, all, a number of. Ex: Several of the students were absent yesterday
Both are good
d Chủ ngữ danh từ đươc thành lạp bỡi mạo từ THE + Adjective: the blind, the rich, the poor… Ex: The poor living here need help
Notes: Một số danh từ có hình thức số động từ chia số nhiều: people, police, cattle (gia súc), public (công chúng), clergy (mục sư), gentry (tiêu đề, đề mục).
Ex: The police are coming
3 Những trường hợp động từ chia số số nhiều tuỳ theo trường hợp: a Khi chủ ngữ cụm từ:
Ex: The first two parts of experiment take the most time
(13)c Chủ ngữ với : with, as well as, along with, together with , in addition to, accompanied by … động từ hoà hợp với chủ ngữ đầu tiên.Ex: John, as well as my other classmates, passes the exam.
d Sau chủ ngữ giả: “there”, động từ tuỳ vào chủ ngữ chủ ngữ gần : Ex: There is a desk in the room
There are at least several players the ball
e Danh từ tổng hợp: family, group, committee (uỷ ban), team, crowd, parliament (quốc hội), public (công chúng) Ex: The family have agreed among themselves to move to another town
The family is the basic unit of our society
f Chủ ngữ đại từ quan hệ “ who, which, that “ động từ hồ hợp với danh từ đứng trước đại từ đó Ex: She is one of the girls who are very kind
You are the person who is wanted by the police
10 REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật) Muốn đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu nĩi gián tiếp phải ý đến :
- Đại từ nhân xưng cần phải thay đổi cho phù hợp - Các trạng từ
Ḿn đởi câu nói từ Direct speech sang reported speech chúng ta phải tuân thủ nguyên tắc sau: 1.Xác định câu tường thuật loại
2.Sử dụng động từ tường thuật: say, tell, ask, promise, want, advice , agree, remind, invite, warn, answer,exclaim, suggest, reply, reflect, suppose, grunt, snarl, hiss, whisper(chú ý động từ thuật khứ ta hay đổi thì(lùi thì), đại từ cho phù hợp với chủ ngữ ban đầu,các trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn )ta phải chuyển cho phù hợp với bảng :
Đại từ chủ từ Đại từ túc từ Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ phản thân
I Me My mine myself
He him His his himself
She Her Her hers herself
You You Your yours Yourself ,yourselves
We Us Our ours ourselves
They Them Their theirs Themselves
Note : Nếu động từ tường thuật ta chỉ thay đổi đại từ 3.Ta bỏ dấu phẩy dấu ngoặc kép
4.Thay đổi động từ 5.Thay đổi ngôi, số đại từ
6.Thay đổi tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ phản thân 7.Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian
8.Thay đổi trạng từ nơi chốn Quy taéc đổi trạng từ : Thì
trạng từ Direct speech Reported speech
1 Thì
a Simple present : S + V (s / es)
b Present continuous: S + am / is /are + V-ing c Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed
d Past continuous: S + was / were + V-ing e Present perfect: S + have / has + V3/V-ed
f P Perfect continuous: S + have / has been + V-ing g Must / have to
h Can / May / Will / Shall
a Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed
b Past continuous: S + was/were + V-ing c Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed
d Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing e Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed
f Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing g Had to
h Could / Might / Would / Should Traïng
từ
a Now b Today c Tonight d Tomorrow e Yesterday f Last night g Ago h Here i This / These
a Then b That day c That night
d The next day / the following day e The day before
f The night before g Before
h There i That / Those A STATEMENTS (Câu phát biểu)
(14)thì
Nếu động từ tường thuật khứ (said / told) động từ mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi B QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi )
1 YES / NO questions
Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “ She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.
He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the day before
2 WH – QUESTIONS
Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?” He asked (me) what I had got in my bag He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “ He asked Mary when the next train was C IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh)
1 AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)
Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days 2 NEGATIVE (Phủ định)
Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me He asked me not to wait
“ Never that again ,” she said to her son She told her son never to that C¸c loại câu gián tiếp:
A STATEMENTS : Ex : “ She is going to America for six months” They say ( that) she is going to America for six months
“ I went home early” She told me she had gone home early
Note: Nếu động từ tường thuật (say) động từ mệnh đề tường thuật khơng có thay đổi
Nếu động từ tường thuật khứ (said / told) động từ mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi B QUESTIONS
1 YES / NO questions
Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “ She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.
He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the day before
2 WH – QUESTIONS
Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?” He asked (me) what I had got in my bag He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “ He asked Mary when the next train was C IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh)
1 AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)
Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days 2 NEGATIVE (Phủ định)
Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me He asked me not to wait
“ Never that again ,” she said to her son She told her son never to that C¸ch dïng kh¸c:
1 Let’s + V0 … // Why don’t we + V1 … // What about + Ving … → S + suggested + Ving ……
Ex: He said, “Let’s have a drink.” → He suggested having a drink
Timmy said, “ Why don’t we go on a picnic” → Timmy suggested going on a picnic Why don’t you + V1 ……… ? // S + should + V0 …………
→ S + advised + O + to + V0
(15)No, let’s not → be against the idea Eg: “Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother
“Yes, let’s” said the son “No, let’s not” said the father
→ The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea Các trờng hợp khơng đổi thì
a) động từ tờng thuật động từ
Ex: My mother says to me, “you are my little pet.” → My mother tells me that I am her little pet
b) Sù thËt hiĨn nhiªn
Ex: Galileo said, “ The earth goes around the sun.” → Galileo said (that) the earth goes around the sun
c) Thì khứ đơn nêu rõ thời gian cụ thể
Ex: Tom said to me, “ My grandfather died in 1990.” → Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990 d) C©u điều kiện loại 2,3 cấu trúc used to:
Ex: “ If I had much money, I would have travel around the world.” Said the boy → The boy said if he had much money he would travel around the world 11 WH- QUESTIONS :
Who, Where, Why, What, Whose, How, How many,How much,how long how far, how often ,how deep,how old, what about, for what,what kind of …(music), which, which one, … Những từ ta gọi WH- Questions:
WH- Questions+ 1.BE + S ?
2.DO/DOES/DID + S + V1?
3.AM/IS/ARE/WAS/WERE + S + V-ing ? 4.HAVE/HAS/ HAD + S + V-ed,3 ?
WIL/SHALL/CAN/MAY/WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT + S + V1 ? He bought Vietnamese – English dictionary and - (give) it to me
2 The coffee was alright, but the cream - (be) sour
3 He has a piano and a violin, but he - (not have) a flute He says that he - (arrive) on time yesterday
5 She says that she - (arrive) on time tomorrow I think that Victor - (be) late
7 He said that he - (graduate) from University in 1991 We thought they - (move) to California
9 The teacher said that water - (consist) of hydrogen and oxygen 10 I - (be) there when you arrive
11 They were still waiting when I - (get) there 12 He has worked very hard since he - (be) here 13 We had just come in when you - (call)
14 We have already gone before you - (get) back 15 We decided to go home because it - (be) very late 16 We have been very busy while they - (be) here 17 I haven’t seen him since he -(arrive)
18 The teacher gave us so many assignments, that we - (can not) go to the concert 19 It was such a beautiful day that I - (feel) like talking a walk
(16)Main clause Adverbial clause of time We have written to each other since we left high school. Main clause Adverbial clause of time As soon as he finishes his work, he goes home. Adverbial clause of time Main clause When I see him tomorrow, I’ll give him your address. Adverbial clause of time Main clause
The summary about sequence of tenses in the adverbial clauses of time:
Main clause Adverbial clause of time 1 Present simple/future simple
2 Present continuous
(17)6 Past continuous 7 Past perfect 8 Past simple
Past simple Past simple Past perfect
(18)3 Be acceptable to= chấp nhận 4 Be accustomed to = quen
5 Be afraid of = sợ
6 Be agreeable to= phù hợp 7 Be amazed at = ngạc nhiên 8 Be amused at = vui
9 Be angry at (sth) = giận việc gì 10 Be angry with (sb) = giận ai 11 Be ashamed of = hổ thẹn về 12 Be available for
13 Be aware of = nhận thức được 14 Be acquainted with = quen với 15 Be bored with = buồn, chán nản 16 Be busy with = bận roan 17 Be capable of = có thể 18 Be close to = gần 19 Be compared with = so với
20 Be convenient for = thuận tiện cho ai 21 Be concerned with = có liên quan 22 Be confident of = tin tưởng 23 Be contrary to = trái ngược (với) 24 Be covered with = bị che phủ 25 Be crowded with = đông đúc với 26 Be cruel to = độc ác với
27 Be delighted at = vui thích
30 Be disappointed with = thất vọng về 31 Be excited about = hào hứng 32 Be engaged to= đính với 33 Be familiar with = quen với 34 Be famous for = tiếng về 35 Be far from = xa với
36 Be fed up with= chán 37 Be fond of = thích
38 Be friendly with= thân thiện với 39 Be frightened of= Sơ
40 Be full of = no, đầy 41 Be good at = giỏi mơn gì 42 Be good for = tốt cho
43 Be happy with = sung sướng về 44 Be harmful to= có hại
45 Be helpful to = có ích lợi cho 46 Be interesting in = thích 47 Be important to- quan trọng 48 Be jealous of = ganh tị về 49 Be kind to = tốt với ai 50 Be late for = trễ 51 Be lucky to = may mắn
52 Be looking forward to = trông chờ 53 Be made from = sx không thay
đổi chất liệu
lieäu
56 Be married to = kết hôn với 57 Be nice to = tốt với ai 58 Be open to = mở ra
59 Be pleased with = hài lòng với 60 Be pleasant to = cởi mở (với) 61 Be polite to = lễ phép 62 Be popular with = phổ biến
63 Be presented with = trao tặng với
64 Be proud of = tự hào về 65 Be rude to = thô lỗ với 66 Be rich in = giàu về 67 Be safe from
68 Be satisfied with = thoả mãn 69 Be scared of = e dè, sợ 70 Be similar to = tương tự với 71 Be successful in= Thành công 72 Be sure of = chắn 73 Be surprised at = ngạc nhiên 74 Be tired of = mệt mỏi, chán 75 Be useful for =hữu dụng để 76 Be worried about = lo lắng về 77 Be wrong with = said với B VERB + PREPOSITION
1 account for = nguyên nhân 2 add sth to sth = thêm vào gì 3 agree with = đồng ý
4 amount of = số lượng lớn
5 arrive at + nơi chốn = đến (nơi nhỏ, không tên)
6 arrive in + địa danh = đến (nơi lớn có tên riêng)
7 ask for = xin 8 be on = chiếu phim 9 base on = dựa vào 10 believe in = tin tưởng 11 blow away = đi
12 borrow sth from = mượn từ ai 13 break down = hỏng máy 14 break out = bùng nổ 15 bring back = mang trở lại
16 buy sth for someone:mua cho
17 care about = quan tâm về
18 hange sth into sth = đổi thành
19 check in = đăng kí
20 check up = kiểm tra, khám 21 clear up = làm sạch, dọn sạch 22 come back = trở về
23 come in = vaøo
24 compare with = so sánh với 25 complain about = than phiền về 26 cook meals for s.o: nấu bữa ăn cho ai 27 concentrate on = tập trung
28 consist of = bao gồm 29 cut down = đốn xuống 30 depend on = phụ thuộc vào 31 devide into = phân chia thành 32 devote to = cống hiến cho 33 die for = chết (ai) 34 die of = chết (bệnh) 35 end up = chấm dứt, kết thúc 36 even up = san bằng
37 fall down = rơi xuống
38 fall in love with s.o = yêu người
39 fill out = diễn ra
40 find sth for s.o = tìm cho ai 41 find out = tìm ra
42 flow across = chảy ngang qua 43 fly to somewhere = bay đến đâu 44 follow someone to somewhere = theo
sau đến đâu
45 get out of = thoát khỏi, ra 46 get over = khắc phục 47 get up = thức dậy
48 give up = từ bỏ
49 glad to+V = vui mừng làm gì 50 go for a swim = bơi 51 go for a walk = tản bộ 52 go on = xảy ra, tiếp tục 53 go on a trip = du lịch 54 go on a vacation = nghỉ 55 go out
56 go up = gia tăng, lên 57 grow up
58 happen to = xaûy ra 59 hear about (of) = nghe veà
60 help someone with sth = giúp với 61 help sb out = giúp đỡ
62 hundred of = hàng trăm 63 insist on = nhấn mạnh
64 interact with = ảnh hưởng, tác dụng 65 join in = tham gia vào
66 keep s.o awake = làm thức giấc 67 keep someone away = tránh xa ai 68 knock on = gõ (cửa)
69 laugh at = chọc ghẹo
(19)76 live on = sống nhờ vào
77 live with somebody = sống với ai 78 look after = chăm sóc
79 look at =nhìn ngắm 80 look for = tìm kiếm 81 look out = cẩn thận 82 look up = tra từ điển
83 look forward to = trơng chờ ai, gì 84 love for = tình yêu dành cho
85 make sth for s.o: làm, may cho
86 millions of = hàng triệu
87 nice to +V = tốt, tuyệt để làm gì 88 object to = phản đối
89 open to = mở cửa cho 90 participate in = tham gia 91 pick someone up = rước ai 92 plenty of = nhiều, phong phú 93 prepare for = chuẩn bị cho 94 pull out = lơi ra
95 put into = đặt vào trong 96 put sth on = mặc vào
97 put out = làm tắt, dập tắt 98 put sth off = hoãn lại 99 queue up = xếp hàng
100. receive sth from someone = nhận từ
103. run off = chảy
104. sell sth to s.o = bán cho ai 105. send sth to s.o = gửi cho ai 106. send sth from somewhere = gửi
cái từ đâu
107. separate sth from = tách ra 108. speak to someone = nói chuyeän
với
109. spend + time (money) on= dùng thời gian (tiền vào)
110. succeed in = thành công 111. suck up = nịnh hót 112. suffer from = đau đớn 113. suitable for = thích hợp cho 114. sum up = tóm lại, tóm tắt 115. take off = cất cánh 116. take sth off = cởi ra
117. take sb out = đưa ngoài 118. take over = đảm nhận 119. take care of = chăm sóc 120. take after = Giống
121. take part in = tham gia vào 122. take s.o to somewhere = dẫn đi
đâu
123. talk about = nói gì 124. talk to/with = nói với ai
126. thanks for sth = cám ơn
127. thanks to sth/sb = nhờ có gì/ai 128. the number of = số lượng lớn 129. think about = nghĩ về
130. think of = nghĩ về 131. thousands of = hàng ngàn 132. try sth on = thử
133. turn off = tắt (máy) 134. turn on = mở (máy) 135. turn sth down 136. turn up = mở to lên 137. wait for = đợi cờ 138. wake up = thức dậy
139. walk along = dọc theo 140. walk into = vào 141. walk up = lên 142. wash up = rửa chén, giặt 143. wear out = tưa ra, rách ra 144. work for s.o = làm việc cho ai 145. work with s.o = làm việc với ai 146. worry about = lo lắng về 147. write for = viết cho báo 148. write to someone = viết cho ai 149. stay away from = tránh xa 150. stay up late = thức khuya 151. stay with sb = với ai C USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
1 Above all: hết 2 According to: Theo 3 At first: lúc đầu 4 At last : cuối cùng 5 At least: tối thiểu 6 At the moment: bây giờ 7 At once: lập tức 8 Out of work: thất nghiệp 9 Out of order: trật tự 10 Out of date: lỗi thời 11 for example: ví dụ như 12 In favour of: thiên về 13 In love: yêu 14 In a hurry: vội vã 15 In addition to: ra 16 In particular: đặc biệt là 17 Instead of: thay vì 18 In view of: xem xét 19 for instance: ví dụ như 20 On business: công tác 21 On duty: trực
22 On foot: (đi) bộ 23 On the contrary: trái lại 24 On the spot: lập tức 25 On the whole: nói chung 26 On holiday: nghỉ mát
(20)PHẦN THỰC HÀNH Dạng 1: Khơng lùi thì
Exercise Write the following sentences into indirect speech (Viết câu sau sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp)
Example: “I haven’t done my homework”, she says She says (that) she hasn’t done her home work.
“I haven’t got any money”, he tells me He tells me (that) he hasn’t got any money.
1 “I have seen the film before.”, she says 2 “I want to go home.”, he has told you “ I haven’t meet my parents for years.”, he says “ I don’t know how much it cost.”, he tells her “I will come next year.”, he tell me “I’m reading a book.” Simon says I need some money to buy a book.” , Mary tell Peter “I can’t come on Tuesday.” they have told me “Mary will come soon”, john tells me 10 “We haven’t eaten anything” the children say Dạng 2: Lùi thì
Exercise Write the following sentences into indirect speech (Viết câu sau sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp)
Example: “My name is Lan”, she said “I am writing a letter”, he told me
1 “I am waiting for john.” She said “I don’t like the idea.”, he said “The car isn’t at my house.”, she told me “We have cleaned the room.”, they said “We are worried about Peter.”, they told me “I am going to the cinema.’, she said “I saw her today”, he said “I will see you tomorrow”, he told me “They were here three months ago.” he said 10 “We visited her this morning.”, they said 11 “My parents are arriving tomorrow.” she said 12 “I don’t like this film.” She said 13 “Peter and Mary are getting married tomorrow.” she said 14 “Daisy is doing her homework.” Mai said 15 “I met her three hours ago.” Tam told me 16 She said, “I can’t find my umbrella”
17 They said, “We are learning English now” 18 “My friend is coming next week”, Tom said. 19 “ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend” He said 20 “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said 21 “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said 22 “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor. 23 “ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students 24 “I came back here early yesterday,” she said.
(21)25 “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said 26 “I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl. 27 He said to her, “You are my friend.” 28 Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to this exercise.” 29 “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children. 30 Marry said, “My father died a year ago”. 31 John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”. 32 Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”. 33 “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend 34 She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.” 35 He said, “I have a toothache.” 36 She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.” 37 They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.” 38 He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.” 39 She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.” 40 He said, “I have received the envelope.” 41 They said, “We visited Cannery Row.” 42 She said, “I feel very sick.” 43 He said, “I bought some popcorn.” 44 They said, “We’re flying to California.” 45 He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.” 46 “My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said 47 “Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said 48 She said, “I often listen to music at night.” 49 Lan’s mother said, “My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.” 50 They said, “We have to the assignments now.” 51 Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.” 52 They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.” 53 Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.” 54 "Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow." Emily said 55 "I was writing a letter yesterday." Helen told me 56 "My father flew to Dallas last year." Robert told me 57 "Tim went to the stadium an hour ago." Lisa said 58 "My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend." Patricia said 59 "I am going to read a book this week." Michael said to me 60 "We will our best in the exams tomorrow." Jason and Victoria told me 61 "We didn't eat fish two days ago." Andrew remarked 62 "I spent all my pocket money on Monday." Alice said 63 "John had already gone at six." David said 64 "Mandy is at home." John said 65 "Frank often reads a book." Max told me 66 "I'm watching TV." Susan said to me 67 "I am going to ride a skateboard." Richard said to me 68 "We have cleaned the windows." Stephen and Claire said 69 "I didn't have time to my homework." Richard told me 70 "My mother will be 50 years old." Mrs Jones told me 71 Nam said “I am told to be at school before o’clock” 72 Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week” 73 Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks” 74 Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”
(22)75 The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”
Exercise 3: Write the following sentences into indirect speech “I’ll see you tomorrow”, she said He said “ I saw her on my way to school yesterday”, he said He said
3 He said, “I’ll leave here tomorrow” He said Mary told me, “I saw them at this place” Mary told “I met her about months ago”, he said He told me “I’m trying to listen to the music”, she said She said
7 “I must go out to post this letter now, Mum”, he said He told “I can’t speak any foreign languages”, he said
9 “What did you yesterday?”, the wife asked The wife asked
10 “Do you like watching detective stories?”, my sister asked me My sister asked
11 My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University.” 12 “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail,” said Tom
13 The teacher said, “ Some students don’t like homework.” 14 “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry 15 I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine.”
16 The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers.” 17 I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”
18 My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here.” 19 “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted 20 Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said “
(23)I Make questions for the underlined words / phrases in the following sentences (Đặt câu hỏi với từ cụm từ gạch câu sau )Chú ý câu gạch gạch đặt câu hỏi câu Tom will captain the team if Nick isn’t available
- 2.I often listen to classical music to relax my mind
- - My sister is a teacher
- The meeting lasted five hours
- We prefer pop music to classical
- There are about 200 to 350 people at the concert every day
- - 7 I passed Tom’s house early in the morning
- - The concert last night was great
- We take a holiday once a year
- 10 My address is 305 Lê L ợ i Street
- 11 The film “Harry Potter” is on at 8: 00
- 12 I’m going to play table tennis this morning
- 13 She lives downstairs
- 14 They bought new fishing rods yesterday
- 15 He worked with deaf – mutes
- 16 My sister speaks English fluently
- 17 I often go shopping once a week
- 18 I have studied E for years
- 19 He was absent from school because he felt sick
(24)- 20 Mr Dawson enjoys swimming
- 21 She’s got three sisters and a brother
- 22 I spend my free time reading and listening to music
- 23 I’m staying in a hotel in town
- 24 Most of us listen to music for pleasure
- 25 She stays home and watches T.V every evening
- 26 She gets up at six o’clock
- 27 I’ll send my brother the books next week
- - 28 My sister gave me a gift for my birthday
- - 29 She was cooking in the kitchen
- 30 He’s told her classmate the news
- 31 Nobody put this pen here
- - 32 My sister broke these glasses but someone brought it
- 33 She’s never been to London for years
- - 34 She’s got three children
- 35 Nam and me sometimes go to the zoo
- - 36 I like pop music very much
- - 37 I arrived last night
- 38 I’m learning English b/c I want to get a new job
- 39 I’ve got three sisters and a brother
(25)- 40 I spend my free time reading and listening to music
- 41/ My sister is thirty years
- 42/ it is about 4km from here to Ho Chi Minh city?
- 43/he is going to DL tomorrow
- 44/ My aunt is talking to Tom
- 45/ I am tired now
- 46/ My brother’s Mary is an artist
- 47/He goes out for a walk to relax
- 48/ Linda want to go to work on foot
- 49/ That book is Mark’s
- 50/ Those shirts are yellow
- 51/ she always does two exercises every morning
- 52/ There is a pen on the table
- - 53/ It’s me
- 54/ I was born in 1993
- 55/ Tom was at the park yesterday
- 56/ My uncle went to Hanoi by bus last week
- 57/ It is hot in summer
- 58/ Miss Young has dinner at 6:30 p.m
- 59/ there are 45 pupils in my class
- 60/ I was at home yesterday b/c I was bad ill
- 61/ It’s an eraser
(26)- 62/ My father enjoys listening to classical music
- 63/ Lan left Binh Thanh last Monday
- 64/ I am late for school because I miss the bus
- 65/ I will my homework tonight
- 66/ Nam and my younger sister want to talk to me
- 67/ He will travel to London next week
- 68/ I’m a student
- 69/ I spent the evening playing chess last night
- - 70.I often listen to music whenever I have free time
- 71 Tom has bought this watch for years
- - 72 She’s going to Britain to study English
- 73 They will hold the meeting next week
- 74 He’ll send me the books next week
- - 75 My sister sent me a gift for my birthday
- 76 He handed me a magazine
- 77 That teacher taught me grammar last month
- 78 Mary showed me the photographs
- 79 I showed Peter the picture
- 80 Rock began in the USA in the early 1950’s
- 81/ The teacher is explaining the lesson
82/ My sister wants to be an artist
- 83/ The cat is under the table
(27)- 84/ These shoes are his
- 85/ She phones her parents twice a week
- 86/ Mr Robertson came to the party alone
- 87/ I like the red blouse(áo choàng), not the blue one
- 88/ She felt better after she took a nap(giấc ngủ chợp)
- 89/ She talked to him for an hour
- 90/ My parents have two cars
- 91/ They are coming to visit tomorrow
- 92/ The man with the white hat is my brother
- 93/ I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late
- 94/ We have an English class every day
- 95/ They like to dance on weekends
- 96/ The club is not far from their house
- 97/ Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz
- 98/ They are singing popular songs
- 99/ The train arrived at ten o’clock
- 100/ She was doing her assignment when he came
- 101/ This book is 30,000 dong
- 102/ They are playing catch in the school yard
- 103/ Children should brush their teeth after meals
- 104/ It takes me twenty minutes to go to school by bus
- 105/ I would like some orange juice
- 106/ This box over there is Miss young
(28)- 107/ Liz will send these letters to her friends
- 108/ Sally joined the Star Sports Club in 1995
- 109/ At the Sorbonne, she studied very well
- 110/ After lunch Mr Lam immediately goes to work
- 111 Alexander Graham Bell invited the telephone
- 112 Marie Curie was born in Poland
- 113 They demonstrated the telephone to the public
- 114 They plant and water trees along the streets on weekends
- 115 The film will begin at 7: 30
- II Fill in the blanks with Who, Where, Why, What, Whose, How, How many, …
1/ - old are your sister?
2/ - far is it from here to Ho Chi Minh city? 3/ -is he going ?
4/ -is your aunt talking to ? 5/ - about you?
6/ -is his family name?
7/ -don’t we go out for a walk ?
8/ - does your sister want to go on foot? 9/ -book is that ?
10/ -color are those shirts?
11/ -does she in the morning ? 12/ - is singing in the room ? 13/ - is that? Is she Mary? 14/ - were you born ? 15/ - was Tom yesterday?
16/ - does your brothers go to school? By bus 17/ -is the weather like in summer?
18/ -do you go to school? At six thirty
19/ - people are there in your class? – There are 45 20/ - things are there in your living room?
22/ - is your family name? It’s Nguyen 23/ - you live ?
24/ - you live with? – My father
25/ - are you late? – Because I miss the bus
26/ - will you tonight? – I will my homework 27/ - will go camping next Sunday? Nam and Quang will
(29)28/ - will your father travel to Hanoi? He will travel next week 29/ - you do? – I’m a student
30/ - is this? – It’s me
III Join a sentence from A with one from B to make a new sentence Use WHICH A B 1.Tam failed in the final exam
2 She won the Maths contest His mother died this morning Mai couldn’t join us
5 Our telephone is out of order She gave us a lift
a This was bad news
b this means that we can’t contact you in a few days c this made his parents very sad
d this was very kind of her e this was a pity
f this surprised her classmates Join a sentence with WHO OR WHICH
BEGINNING
1.Do you know a shop ?
2 I was at school with the man I’d like to speak to the person The police haven’t found the man There’s some cheese in the fridge We’ve got some light bulbs
7 This is the switch
8 She’s got friendly with a boy
ENDS
A He lives next door B He stole the car C It’s working D They last for years
E He / She deals with export F He is driving that taxi G It sells good coffee H It needs to be eaten IV Fill each blank with WHO or WHICH :
1 The people -live downstairs are Irish
2 The shop - sells that good bread is closed today The dictionary -I bought yesterday isn’t very good Do you know the girls -are standing by the window ? I can’t find the key -opens the window
6 the police are looking for three men -robbed the National Bank yesterday V Combine each pair of sentences into one using WHO or WHICH :
1 The cup of coffee is on the table You wanted it -
1 I’d like to speak to the person She wrote this poem -
2 The child was ill She didn’t come to the party - The letter is for me You saw it
-
4 Can you pick up the papers ? They are lying on the floor -
5 Yesterday I met a man He works with your brother -
6 My phone is out of order A It means he can’t get about very easily -7 Rachel’s mother paid for the meal B This was good for the garden
(30)-8 My brother is disabled C It’s made her very depressed
-9 You left the key in the car D That was very kind of her
-10 Vicky didn’t get the job E This surprised everybody
-11 The police blocked off the road F That seemed to amuse everyone -12 It rained all night G That was rather careless of you -13 I bought a cell phone I can use it to send and receive e- mail
-14 My new cell phone has become a necessary part of life I only bought it a month ago -15 My roommate has never been on the Internet She is afraid of computers
-16 Now, there are psychologists They help technophobes use technology
-17 A lot of people suffer from technostress Those people work in my office
-18 Some people dream of a job They can the job without technology
-19 My stereo doesn’t work today It worked yesterday
-20 The man is a computer expert You were talking to him
-21 Some documents have been found They were stolen from a car
-22 Dr Michelle Weil wrote a book about “technostress ” She is a psychologists
-23 He works for a computer magazine The magazine is very popular in Mexico
-24 Marta has a brother Her brother’s name is Manuel
-25 You sent me a present Thank you very much for it
-26 Romeo and Juliet were lovers Their parents hated each other
-27 This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last week
-28 I was sitting in a chair It suddenly collapsed
-29 This is the story of a man His wife suddenly loses her memory
-30 Charlie died in 1977 His films amused millions of people in the world
(31)-31 Please post these letters I wrote them this morning
-32 The building is the church Its tower can be seen from afar
-33 Mai and Linh are twins (song sinh) You meet them yesterday
-34 I’ll introduce you to the man His support is necessary for your project
-35 The students will surely be successful in their exam The students study seriously and methodically
-36 Mary has won an Oscar I know her sister
-37 Is this the style of hair? Your wife wanted to have it
-38 His girl friend turned out to be an enemy spy He trusted her absolutely
-39 A man brought in a small girl Her hand had been cut
- 40 The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel Their house had been destroyed in the explosion
-41 He introduced me to his students Most of them were from abroad
-42 A man answered the phone He said Tom was out
-431 Ann is very friendly She lives next door
………
44 The man is a famous actor You met him at the party last night ………
45 There are some words They are very difficult to translate ………
46 The sun provides us with head and light It is one of millions stars in the universe ………
47 Students will be punished Their homework is late ………
48 I was looking for a book this morning I’ve found it now ………
49 Is that the car? You want to buy it ………
50 Sandra works in advertising You were talking to her ………
51 Lake Prespas is a lonely beautiful lake It’s on the north Greek border ………
52 The little girl ate sweets the whole way She sat next to me on the coach ………
53 Is Zedco a company? It was taken over last year
(32)………
54 Felix Reeve is a journalist His tape recorder was stolen ………
56 This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds It was damaged during the car ………
57 I don’t know the name of the woman I spoke to her on the phone ………
58 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol It is only 30 miles away ………
59 This is Mr Carter I was telling you about him ………
60 They’ve captured all the animals They escaped from the zoo ………
61 A scientist has won the Nobel Prize He discovered a new planet ………
62 The rive is the Wye It flows through Hereford ………
63 We climbed to the top of the tower We had a beautiful view from there ………
64 This is Mr John He is a good teacher ………
65 I bought a car yesterday My father drove it to the town ………
Choose the right alternative
1 I gave her all the money that/ what I had
2 Mrs Bond is going to spend a few weeks in Sweden, which/ where her daughter lives We stayed at the Grand Hotel, where/ which Ann recommended to us
4 The teacher with whom/ who we studied last year no longer teaches in our school The shop didn’t have that/ what I want
6 Do you still remember the day when/ that we first met?
7 Dr Fleming, who/ whose discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945 Round the corner was a building which/ whose windows were broken
9 The hotel where/ which we stayed in wasn’t very clean
10 Fortunately we had a map, without that/ which we would have got lost
VI Complete the sentences Put the verbs into the correct form.( Supply the correct form or tenses of the words in the brackets) :Hoàn thành câu sau Chia động từ ngoặc dạng hoặc :
21 He bought Vietnamese – English dictionary and - (give) it to me 22 The coffee was alright, but the cream - (be) sour
23 He has a piano and a violin, but he - (not have) a flute 24 He says that he - (arrive) on time yesterday
25 She says that she - (arrive) on time tomorrow 26 I think that Victor - (be) late
27 He said that he - (graduate) from University in 1991 28 We thought they - (move) to California
29 The teacher said that water - (consist) of hydrogen and oxygen
(33)30 I - (be) there when you arrive
31 They were still waiting when I - (get) there 32 He has worked very hard since he - (be) here 33 We had just come in when you - (call)
34 We have already gone before you - (get) back 35 We decided to go home because it - (be) very late 36 We have been very busy while they - (be) here 37 I haven’t seen him since he -(arrive)
38 The teacher gave us so many assignments, that we - (can not) go to the concert 39 It was such a beautiful day that I - (feel) like talking a walk
40 He works on Sunday so that he - (can) earn enough money to pay his tuition 41 Did he pay soccer when he - (be) in college?
42 We have bought a car so that we - (have) transportation to work 43 I’ll continue practicing (practising) -until I - (know) the lesson 44 He is happy although he - (be) poor
45 He’ll have been studying for four months by the time he - (take) his examination 46 He come as often as he - (can)
47 You sing as well as she - (do)
48 He solved the problem more quickly than I - (do) 49 This is one of the best books that I - (ever read)
50 She has already telephoned the people who - (come) tomorrow
51 The girl (that, whom) you - (tell) me about yesterday is waiting for you downstairs 52 I’ll never forget the kindness (that) you - (show) me
53 He is the Frenchman (whom, that) I - (tell) you about 54 Are they the Italians who - (own) this store?
55 Bread and butter was all (that) he - (ask) for 56 It was the Smiths who - (call) you
57 She left her home last week and nobody - (see) her since 58 The video film is so interesting that I - (see) it twice
59 The video film was so interesting that I - (see) it twice 60 It is the first I - (meet) him here
61 It is the first they - (ever meet)
62 It was at the age of 14 that Jack London - (leave) school and - (become) a sailor 63 John (live) - in Miami for one year when his parents came to visit
64 Tom (wait) -for one hour before the bus came 65 We corrected our papers after we (take) - the quiz 46/ Trees -(grow) more quickly in summer than in winter
47/ “Shall I phone at 6:00?” No, I -(normally/ cook) dinner at that time 48/ We usually -(get) up at about 6:30 Couldn’t you come an hour later? 49/ In 1788, he -(write) his last great work in Vienna
50/ She -(arrive) at Kennedy Airport at o’clock this morning 51/ I refuse to believe that he -(not, know) the car was stolen
52/ “How are you getting on with the book?” At the moment, I -(read) chapter four 53/ My mother -(lock) all the doors and windows before she goes to bed
54/ I -(throw) away most of my old books when I moved house 55/ Scientist -(make) some fundamental discoveries in the 18th century
(34)56/ Alice -(see) her mother in London most weekends 57/ Hoa -(have) a lot of friends in Hue
58/ Linda -(brush) her teeth after meals 59/ Phong -(watch) T.V every night
60/ I -(be ) rich someday
61/ What you -(do) now? – I -(grow) some flowers 62/ Ba can -(fix) the lights
63/ I -(take) the book back to the library when I -(read ) it
64/ Two days ago I -(meet ) an old friend Who I -(not ,see) for years 65/ When the students -(do) the experiments, they -(write ) a report on it Put the verbs in the past perfect or past simple:
66 I went to the box office at lunch time , but they -(already / sell ) all the tickets 67.I felt very tired when I got home , so I -(go)_straight to bed
68 I felt better by the summer, but the doctor warned me not to too much I -(be) very ill 69 As last the committee were ready to announce their decision They - (make) up their mind 70 “Was Tom at the party when you arrived ?” “No , he -(go) home
71 Sorry I’m late The car -(break) down on my way here 72.I -(take) the book back to the library when I -(read) it
73 The house was very quiet when I -(get) home Everybody -(go) out for dinner 74 After she -(fill)the basket, she -(go) to the check out
75 Yesterday morning I -(remember) the answer to the question Bob -(ask) me the night before , so I -(phone) him
76 Last night , I -(go) to Jim’s house and -(knock) on the door but there -(be) no answer Either he -(go) out or he -(not want) to see anyone
77 Anne asked me how to use the photocopies ,She (never / use) it before , so She -(not / know) what to
78 Two days ago I -(meet) an old friend who I -(not see) for years
79 Daisy - (not, want) to come to the cinema with us because she -(already / see) the film 80 When the students -(do) the experiment , they -(write) a report on it 81 Trees - more quickly in summer than in winter (grow)
82 “Shall I phone at 6:00?” “No, I - dinner at that time (normally/cook) 83 We - at about 7:00 Couldn’t you come an hour later? (usually/get up) 84 In 1788 he - his last great work in Vienna (write)
85 She - at Kennedy Airport at o’clock this morning (arrive) 86 I refuse to believe that he - the car was stolen (not know)
87 “How are you getting on with the book?” “At the moment I - chapter four (read) 88 My mother - all the door and windows before she goes to bed (lock)
89 I - away most of my old books when I moved house (throw)
90 Scientists - some fundamental discoveries in the 18th century (make) 91 Alice - her mother in London most weekends (see)
92 “What that terrible noise?” “The neighbors - a party” (have)
93 At the star of his career, Cousteau - the aqualung, opening the oceans to explorers, scientists, and leisure divers (invent)
94 - durian when you lived in Malaysia? (ever/eat)
95 Both ancient and recent records show that farmers - long hours (work) 96 I was lonely at first, but after a time I got used to (live) - alone
(35)97 She remembered parts of her childhood quite clearly She remembers(go) - to school the first time and (be) -frightened and (put) - her finger in her mouth She remembers her teacher (tell) - her (take) - it out
98 Did you remember (lock) -the car ? – No ,I didn’t I’d better (go) - back and (do) -it now
99 We stopped once (buy) -petrol and then we stooped again (ask) -someone the way 100 When I caught them cheating me, I stopped( buy) -petrol there and (deal) -with your station instead
101 I tried (convince) - him that I was perfectly capable of (manage) - on my way, but he insisted on (help) - me
102 Your hair needs (cut) -.You’d better have it (do) - tomorrow
103 I always try (come) -in quietly but they always hear me (go) -upstairs It’s impossible (climb) -an old wooden stair case at night without (make) -noise
104 They don’t allow (smoke) -in the auditorium, they don’t want (risk) -(set ) -it on fire
105 Would you like me (turn) -down the radio a bit ? No, it’s all right I’m used to (work) -with the radio on
106 Would your children mind (keep) -quiet for a moment ? I’m trying (fill) - a form 107 The miser spent all his time (count ) -his money and (think) -up new hiding – place He kept (move) - it about because he was terrified of (be) -robbed He used to (get) - up at night
108 I’m delighted (hear) -that you can (come) -on Sunday We are all looking forward to (see) - you Remember ( bring) - your rubber boots
109 Tom suggested (take) -me one flat and (keep) - the other for me But Peter advised me (sell ) - the whole house
110 They let us (park) -motor here but they don’t allow us (park) - cars
111 If you want the milkman (leave) - you milk in the morning , don’t forget (put) -a milk bottle outside
112 The inspector asked (see) -my ticket and when I wasn’t able (find) - it ,he made me (buy) - another
113 My mother advised me (read) - this novel 114 Does she want (become) -a singer?
115 The teacher recommends (prepare) -the lessons well before (come) to class 116 Can you help me (find) -my mistakes ?
117 They didn’t permit (camp) -in the wood 118 Nothing will make me (change) -my mind
119 Parents often recommend their children ( not, drink) -too much
12 The lord had the gardener (plant) -trees (get) - shadow 121 She was afraid (tell) -her parents the truth
122 This evening I have arranged (go) -to theatres 123 She doesn’t like people (shout ) -at him
124 Finally he admitted (steal ) -his wife’s jewelries and (spend) -all the money in gambling
125 Does the city government intend (do) -anything about pollution? 126 I hope (have) - a job
127 Try to avoid (make) - him angry
(36)128 He thinks of (leave) -his job 129 Please let me (know) -your decision 130 It’s no use (wait) -
131 I have ( see) - a child ( cry ) - 132 Gravity makes water ( run ) - downhill
133 Gravity keeps the moon (travel) - around the earth instead of (shoot) - off into space 134 It’d difficult (get ) -used to ( eat) - with chopsticks
135 Stop (argue) -and start ( work ) - 136 I used ( smoke) -40 cigarettes a day 137 I’d like (have) - a look at your new car 138 I’m looking forward to (see) - you 139 He warned her (not, touch ) - the wire
140 Would you mind (show) -me how (work) the lift ?
141 If you go on ( let) -the dog (run) -after cars, he’ll end by ( be) - run over 142 Do stop (talk) -, I’m trying (finish) -a letter
143 Ask him ( come) -in Don’t keep him ( stand) -at the door
144 There are people who can’t help ( laugh) - when they see someone ( slip) -on a banana skin
145 I’m sorry (disappoint ) -you
VIII.Cho dạng động từ ngoặc chọn từ thích hợp :
1.She’s -(build) this house -(since/ for / in) 2006 2 They -(move) to Dalat - (since/ for / in) 1988 3.We’ve known each other -(since/ for / in) I was a child
4 Lan -(be) in London - (since/ for / in) Monday.
5.My father worked for that factory (since/ for / in/ ago) ten weeks -. 6 “What that terrible noise?” “The neighbors - a party” (have)
7.You - durian when you lived in Malaysia? (ever/eat)
8 Both ancient and recent records show that farmer - long hours (work). 9.My friend -(stay)with me -(since/ for / in) last week
10.they -(get)married two months -(since/ for / ago). 11.I -(not, meet) Tom -(since/ for / in) he left the city
12.I’ve been to Dalat with Daisy -(since/ for / in) she arrived at the station 13.They -(play) football -(since/ for / in) p m
14.I -(know) her -(since/ for / in) we were at the secondary school 15 Miss Lan -(not , write) ,to her parents -(since/ for / in) May 16 I refuse to believe that he - the car was stolen (not, know)
17 “How are you getting on with the book?” “At the moment I - chapter four (read) 18 I - away most of my old books when I moved house (throw)
19 This house -(build) ten years ago
20 “What that terrible noise?” “The neighbors - a party” (have)
IX Put an accent mark on the main stressed syllable of the following words.
1 again always arrive badminton holiday
6 geography interesting mountain because 10 music
11 camping 12 picnic 13 favorite 14 summer country
16 tomorrow 17 different 18 travel 19 excited 20 visit
21 fasten 22 harrow 23 typical 24 announce 25 origin
(37)26 semester 27 profession 28 marital 29 corner 30 rigade X Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
1.John is fat because he eats so many chips
If ……… Peter’s parents gave him a computer for his birthday Peter ……… It was such bad news that Helen burst into tears
The news ……… The story is very long You can’t read it in an hour
The story is too ……… She doesn’t have a bike so she has to walk to school
If ……… The children liked to walk in the rain
The children enjoyed ……… My grandmother is very old She can’t work now
My grandmother is too ……… The question was so difficult that no one could it
It was such ……… They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next week An international conference ……… 10 She hasn’t finished the letter yet
The letter ……… 11 She thinks learning English is not easy
She thinks it is ……… 12 Who does this pen belong to ?
Whose ……… 13 Peter is taller than Pike
Pike ……… 14 His parents advised him to study hard for his exams He was ……… 15 They have just stolen his car
His car ……… 16 The watch is too expensive for her to buy
She hasn’t ……… 17 We learned this after a long time
It took ……… 18 I regretted asking her to lend me money
I wish ……… 19 The flight to London lasted three and a half hours I took ……… 20.I would like you to help me to put the chairs away
Would you mind ……… 21.They will have to change the date of the meeting
The date ……… 22 The water was so cold that the children could not drink it The water was not ………
(38)23 The garage is going to repair the car for us next week We are going ……… 24 Peter is too young to see the horror film
Peter is not ……… 25 What’s your date of birth?
When ……… 26 He drives badly
He is ……… 27 Dan Truong is a good singer
He sings ……… 28 I last saw her two years ago
I have not ……… 29 Tom spent five hours getting to Paris
It took ……… 30 The last time I was in London in 2006
I haven’t ……… 31.Susan is better at English than Daisy
Daisy isn’t ……… 32 Janet is the best tennis player in the club
No one in the club ……… 33 I can’t cook as well as my mother does
My mother ……… 34 I started working for the factory three years ago
I’ve ……… 35 Susan began keeping a dairy years ago
She’s ……… 36 She cook very well
She is ……… 37 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Daisy?” asked Tom Tom asked ……… 38 He drove so fast that he could arrive in the town before He drove fast enough ………
39 The room has four windows, but it isn’t bright enough for you to read books Although ………
40 The boy isn’t old enough, so he can’t join our trip If ……… 41 Bill is using the computer at the moment
The computer ……… 42 It’s a pity I can’t play the guitar well
I wish ………XI/19/BTAV9 43 My mother spent three hours making a dress
It took……… 44 We haven’t been to the concert for over a year
The last time ……… 45 Reading newspapers in the morning gives him pleasure He enjoys………
(39)46 We last saw our grandfather two years ago
We haven’t ……… 47 You can make payment at any post office
Payment ……… 48 The president presented the trophy to the winner The trophy ……… 49 I have never read such a romantic story
This is ……… 50 He would go hunting when he was in Africa
He used ……… 51 His dog is called Tony
He ……… 52 It’s nearly twenty years since my father saw my uncle My father ……… 53 It’s a pity I don’t have a computer
I wish ……… 54 They are going to build a supermarket in my neighborhood A supermarket ……… 55 The last time we went to a cinema was two years ago We haven’t ………
56 The journey to the village was very interesting to the boys The boys felt ……… 57 He bought such a lot of books that he couldn’t read them all So ………
58 The doctor advised him to stay in bed for a few days He ……… 59 I regretted not telling him what happened last night I wish ……… 60 I wish I could speak E fluently
It’s a ……… 61 He hasn’t been back to his village for over 20 years It’s ……… 62 I sorry I’m not able to go with you
I wish………
63 Spending the weekend in the countryside is very interesting It’s ………
64 Why don’t we go to the countryside?
I suggested………
65 Practise speaking E every day or you can’t improve your English If ………
66 She’s very pleased to going away on holiday soon
She’s looking ……… 67 Do you learning a foreign language?
Are you ……… 68 The boy is sorry he doesn’t have his teacher’s address The boy wishes ………
(40)69 This city had old buildings, but none can be found nowadays There used ……… 70 “Where you live?” Mary said to me
Mary told me ……… 71 “I’m very busy I’ll ring you tomorrow ” Susan said to me Susan ………
72 “ Can you speak any foreign languages ? ” Henry said to me Henry ………
73 “ Don’t shout” I said to Jim
I ……… 74 The last time we saw him was on Monday We ……… 75 “Can you speak Vietnamese, Maryam?” Nga asked Nga asked ……… 76 “Why don’t we go to the country side this weekend?” Minh suggested ……… 77 I would rather watch TV than go to the cinema
I prefer ………
78 “ Where will you spend your vacation next year?” Liz said to us Liz asked us ………
79 It rained so heavily that they decided to cancel the match So heavily ……… 80 I can what I want and you can’t stop me
You can’t ……… 81 Please don’t interrupt me all the time
Would you mind ……… 82 My father said I could use his car
My father allowed ……… 83 It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour
It’s better to avoid ……… 84 Micheal laughed when I told him the joke
The joke ……… 85 Don’t stop him doing what he wants
Let ……… 86 We like to lie on the beach all day
We enjoy ……… 87 Do you fancy going to for a walk?
Would you like ……… 88 I wish I hadn’t taken your advise
I regret ……… 89 Seeing Nelson Mandela will always stay in my memory I’ll never forget ……… 90 It was difficult for me to stop laughing at Linda’s letter I couldn’t help ……… 91 Shall I phone you this evening ?
Do you want ………
(41)92 It will be good to see them again
I’m looking ……… 93 I’d prefer not to go out tonight
I’d rather ……… 94 You’d better put you money in the bank ,Jack
I advised ……… 95 A man has gone to prison He shot two policemen
A man who ……… 96 Despite their poverty, the children seemed very happy Although ……… 97 Whose car is it ?
Who ……… 98 “Did someone ring you an hour ago, Nancy ?” said Martin Martin asked ……… 100 It snowed heavily, so we couldn’t arrive home early
The snow was so ………Page 95 101.I don’t play tennis now
I used - 102 I no longer live alone
I used -
103 Parents help with the cookery classes and this gives the teachers a rest
Parents help with the cookery classes , - 104 The school is in the centre of the village and this makes it easy for the children to get to it The school is in the centre of the village , - 105 He started spending a lot of money
He didn’t - 106 She began to play the piano years ago
She has - 107.He doesn’t play tennis any longer
He used - 108 John has invited us to his party tonight
We - 109 Sarah got lost and this made her parents very worried
Sarah got lost , - 110 The car is parked outside It belong to Susan
The car - 111 the girl we’ve talked to will make a speech tomorrow
We’ve talked to the girl - 112 Our meeting is tomorrow
We are - 113 Look at those black clouds ! There’s no rain on the way
Look at those black clouds ! it’s - 114 I haven’t seen her for a long time
It’s a long time - 115 The suitcase isn’t light enough for me to carry
I can’t carry -
(42)116 Although it was raining heavily , we went out
Despite - 117 It started to rain , so we stopped playing tennis
We - 118 Tom is still working
Tom hasn’t - 119 We have been studying English since 2006
We - 120 Please get me that book on the top shelf
Would you mind - 121 He is tall He can play volleyball
He is tall enough - P115 122 The earthquake hit the city at two in the morning
The city - 123 It was such lovely weather that we decided to spend the day on the beach The weather - 124 I haven’t got a key, so I can’t get in (p.120)
If - 125 Nobody must expect to be rich without hard work
Unless - 126 I’m too poor to take a space trip[
I’m not - 127 She was tired, but she stayed up late to watch the late film on T.V Although - 128 Since he was careless, Tim lost his job
Because of - 129 Let’s go abroad for our holiday this year
Why - 130 We can’t take a trip to space because we don’t have enough money If we - 131 The astronauts orbits the earth in two hours
It took - 132 You should take exercise regularly because that’s the way to get fit P.141 If you - 133 I can’t look the word up because I haven’t got a dictionary
If I - 134 I was sick yesterday, so I go to class
If I - 135 David has so many accidents because he’s so clumsy
If David - 136 I’m quite tall but you are taller p 143
I’m not - 137 My salary is high but yours is higher
My salary isn’t - 138 You know a bit about cars but I know more
You don’t -
(43)139 It’s still cold but it was colder yesterday
It isn’t - 140 I still feel a bit tired but I felt a lot more tired yesterday
I don’t - 141 They’ve lived here for quite a long time but we’ve lived here longer They’ve not - 142 It was a bit nervous before the interview but usually I’m a lot more nervous I wasn’t - 143 Henry is rich but Shirley is a lot richer
Henry isn’t - 144 I don’t know many people but ’he knows more people
I don’t know - 145 This flat is big but our old one was bigger
This flat - 146 Children can’t go in if they are not with an adult
Unless - 147 If you don’t give me my money I’m going to the police Unless - 148 If you are not over 15 , you can’t see this film
Unless - 149 You can’t park here if you don’t live in this street
Unless - 150 We usually go for a walk after supper if there isn’t a good film on T.V Unless -
FUTHER EXERCISES FOR REPORTED SPEECH
XI Complete each sentence with an infinitive phrase which combined with the main verb, reports the idea of the speaker’s words.
1 Joe said, “Please come to my party”
Joe invited me ………
2 My teacher said, “ I think you should take another English course” My teacher advised me ………
3 Mrs Brown said, “You may use the phone” Mrs Brown permitted me ………
4 The doctor said, “Take a deep breath”
The doctor told the patient ……… My mother said, “Make an appointment with the dentist” My mother reminded me ………
6 My friend said, “I think you should take a long vacation” My friend encouraged me ………
7 The Smiths said, “Would you like to come to our house for dinner?” The Smiths invited us ………
8 My friend said, “You should see a doctor about the pain in your knee” My friend advised me ………
9 The judge said, “ You must pay a fine of fifty dollars” The judge ordered Mr Silverman ………
10 Bill said, “Don’t touch the hot pot”
(44)Bill warned me not ……… 11 Sue said, Don’t buy a used car”
Sue advised me not ……… 12 Mr Gray said, “Don’t play in the street”
Mr Gray warned the children not ………
XII Put the following Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech: The teacher said to Richard, “Write the exercise carefully”
2 “Don’t worry about the examination, Anna,” said her friend He said to me, “Write your name on the board before you leave” “Turn left at the corner and drive two blocks.” The man directed “Please, please don’t anything dangerous,” said his teacher “Don’t take anything with you to my party,” said my friend
7 The teacher said to his students, “Look your answers through and be careful about spelling mistakes”
8 “Underline all the mistakes before you give the papers to me,” the teacher said to her students “Please, please keep away that tree before it can fall down.” The old man said to the children 10 “Don’t forget what I have told you, Karen said to me”
XIII Put the following statements into Indirect Speech:
1 My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University” “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail”, said Tom
3 The teacher said, “Some students don’t like homework” “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine”
6 The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers” I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”
8 My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here” “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted 10 “Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said
XIV Put the following questions into Indirect Speech: He asked me, “Have you finished reading the newspaper?” He said me, “Is playing tennis one of your hobbies?”
3 “How long have you worked as a tourist guide?” I asked my friend The little boy said to his father, “Why does a policeman wear a uniform?” “What happened to you last Sunday?” we asked James
6 He asked me, “Where have you been for the last weeks?” “Is the person you told me last night?” I asked her
8 “Was the village completely destroyed by the tsunami?” he asked the villager “Did you enjoy the Christmas night?” Lindsay asked Jack
10 “Do you feel regretful for what you have done for me?” my friend asked me XV Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
1 “I’m terribly sorry I have broken a vase”, he said to his mother “Why don’t you sell your old house?” my friend said to me
3 “Thank for your kindness of letting us stay with you” said the man
4 “I hear that you have won the game spectacularly Congratulation, ”Anna said “Shall we go to a fashion show this weekend” said Lisa
6 “Let’s not mention this problem again,” the old man said
(45)7 “I often you a ticket for the play,” he insisted
8 “It will be a good idea to have a dinner at the riverside restaurant,” said my boyfriend “I didn’t tell him about your plan I didn’t that,” said Erick
10 “I don’t like being criticized by non-professionals,” said movie star XVI Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
1 “Would you like to have coffee with me?” John said to his workmate “Why don’t you decorate your house?” my friend said to me
3 “If I were you I would revise for that exam,” said the tutor “I’ll help you with this homework,” my brother said
5 “Would you sign the contract?” the secretary said to me “You should take medicine for your cold.” Said my aunt
7 “If I were you, I wouldn’t accept the job offer”, my sister said to me
8 “Don’t park in this area There is a No parking sign,” Mr Browns said to his son “I would like to become a computer programmer,” Jonas said
10 “I meet the student representatives,” said the rector XVII Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
1 “If Claire continues to work hard, she will pass the exams easily,” he said My friend said, “If I had more money, I’d take a trip around the world” Lucy said, “If I knew your teacher’s name, I’d send her a card”
4 George said, “If the film had won an Oscar, it would have become famous”
5 Clarence said to me, “If you had gone to my brother’s graduation party you would have met Mary” “If Jack were honest, he would return the money,” said the teacher
7 “If we had been announced about the bad weather, we would have canceled our trip,” said the Browns
8 “If the technology weren’t available, we wouldn’t expand our business,” said the manager “If she finds out the truth, she’ll be very furious, said Vivian”
10 “If the club has to close, we cannot attract more members,” said Susan
REPORTED SPEECH
Muốn chuyển từ câu tường thuật trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta thực bước sau : Direct and reported speech (lời nói trực tiếp lời tường thuật)
Chúng ta sử dụng lời nói trực tiếp lập lại nguyên văn lời nói người
Chúng ta sử dụng lời nói gián tiếp dùng từ ngữ để tường thuật lại điều người nói Lời nói trực tiếp gọi Direct speech
Lời nói gián tiếp gọi Indirect speech Reported speech
Ḿn đởi câu nói từ Direct speech sang reported speech chúng ta phải tuân thủ nguyên tắc sau: 1.Xác định câu tường thuật loại
2.Sử dụng động từ tường thuật: say, tell, ask, promise, want, advice , agree, remind, invite, warn,
answer,exclaim, suggest, reply, reflect, suppose, grunt, snarl, hiss, whisper(chú ý động từ thuật khứ ta hay đổi thì(lùi thì), đại từ cho phù hợp với chủ ngữ ban đầu,các trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn )ta phải chuyễn cho phù hợp với bảng :
Đại từ chủ từ Đại từ túc từ Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ phản thân
I Me My mine myself
He him His his himself
She Her Her hers herself
You You Your yours Yourself ,yourselves
(46)We Us Our ours ourselves
They Them Their theirs Themselves
Có thể ta dùng phương pháp chuyễn đại từ khác sau : I → he she
Me → him, her My → his her Mine → his hers
Myself → himself, herself You → he ,she
You → him, her your → his ,her Yours → his , hers
Yourself → himself, herself We → they
Us → them Our → their Ours → theirs Ourselves → themselves
Note : Nếu động từ tường thuật ta chỉ thay đổi đại từ 3.Ta bỏ dấu phẩy dấu ngoặc kép
4.Thay đổi động từ 5.Thay đổi ngôi, số đại từ
6.Thay đổi tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ phản thân 7.Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian
8.Thay đổi trạng từ nơi chốn
*Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian cần lưu ý:
Trạng từ thời gian sử dụng Direct speech biến đổi thành trạng từ khác phù hợp với Reported speech
Direct speech reported speech
Today (hôm nay)
Tonight (đêm nay, tối nay) Yesterday (hôm qua) Last night (tối qua) Last week (tuần rồi) Last month (tháng rồi) Last year (năm rồi) Tomorrow (ngày mai) Next week (tuần tới) Next month (tháng tới) next year (năm tời) now (bây giờ, giờ) ago (trước đây)
an hour ago (cách giờ) here (ở đây)
this these
that day (ngày hơm đó) that night (đêm hôm ấy)
The day before/ the previous day (ngày trước đó) The night before/ the previous night (đêm trước đó) The week before/ the previous week (tuần trước đó) The month before/ the previous month (tháng trước đó) The year before/ the previous year (năm trước đó)
The next day/ the following day (ngày hôm sau),the day after The following week/the week after (tuần sau đó)
The following month/the month after (tháng sau đó) The following year/the year after (năm sau đó)
Then/ at that time (lúc ấy) immediately (ngay lập tức) before (trước kia, trước đây)
An hour before/ an hour earlier (sớm giờ) There (ở đó)
That Those
1 S + Reporting verbs + O(me, him, her ,them ,us ) + that + S + V, TO BE +(Câu tường thuật khẳng định ) Ex : Peter says, “I don’t want your hat, Susan”
→ Peter tells Susan that he doesn’t want her hat
2.S + Reporting verbs + O(me, him, her ,them ,us …)+ TO +(Câu tường thuật dạng mênh lệnh khẳng định )
(47)Ex : He says to her, “Remember to send your parents my regards” → He tells her (to remember)to send her parents his regards
3 S + Reporting verbs + O(me, him, her ,them ,us …) + NOT TO +…(Câu tường thuật dạng mệnh lệnh phủ định )
Ex : Ms Green said to(says to) me , “Don’t forget to send this letter for me” → Ms Green told(tells) me not to (forget to) send that letter for her
4 S + Reporting verbs + O(me,him,her ,them ,us …) + IF/ WHETHER + S + V, TO BE +…(Câu tường thuật dạng YES /NO Questions )
Ex 1: Mary said to (says)Tom, “Are you a student ? ”
→ Mary asked (told)(tells)Tom if /whether he was a student Ex : Mary said to Tom, “Do you understand this question? ”
→ Mary asked (told) Tom if /whether he understood that question
5 S + Reporting verbs + O(me,him,her ,them ,us …) +WH – Questions + S + V, TO BE +…(Câu tường thuật khẳng định )
Ex : She said to me, “When did you buy this house?”
→ She told (asked) when I bought (had bought ) that house
Biểu đồ biểu thị cho sự chuyển đởi động từ, chuyển đởi câu từ Direct speech sang reported speech:
Direct speech reported speech
Present simple Present progressive Past simple
Present perfect Past progressive Future simple Future perfect Present conditional
Past simple(S + V-ed ,2 + 0)
Past progressive (S +was ,were + V-ing + O) Past perfect (S + HAD + PP +O)
Past perfect (S + HAD + PP +O)
Past perfect progressive (S + had + been + V-ing) Present conditional (S + would, should + V-inf)
Present conditional (S + would, should + have +V-ed, cột3 Perfect conditional (S + would, should + have + V-ed, cột3
Động từ BREAK dùng để minh họa cho cách biến đổi vừa nêu phần sau:
Direct speech Reported speech
Break
Am/is/are breaking Broke
Have/has broken Was/were breaking Shall/will break Shall/will have broken Should/would break
Broke
Was/were breaking Had broken
Had broken
Had been breaking Should/would break Should/would have broken Should/would have broken Direct speech: She says, ‘I watch TV everyday”
Reported speech: She says (that) she watches TV everyday Định luật:
Break biến đổi thành broke Am/is biến đổi thành was Are biến đổi thành were Shall biến đổi thành should Will biến đổi thành would Have/ has biến đổi thành had Can biến đổi could
May biến đổi thành might
(48)Must biến đổi thành had to/was/were obliged to or it remains must
EXERCISES FOR REPORTED SPEECH I Turn these sentences into Reported Speech:
1 Miss Young says to me, “I want you to finish theses exercises as soon as possible” Peter says, “I don’t want your dress, Susan”
3 She says to us, “I have made some progress in my English” “I get a job like yours” the girl says to John
5 She says to Peter, “I often take my son to the zoo on Sundays” She says, “I don’t want you to be late for class, baby son” Tom says, “I shall never forget you, Mary.”
8 “Your dress looks more beautiful than mine”, Ann says to me She tells me, “I’ll visit my grandmother tomorrow”
10 He says, “You are really a good friend, Mary”
11 Laura says to Mai, “You are so kind to take me there” 12 She says, “It’s too bad to go to class late, John”
13 He says to his father, “I will try me best to pass this exam” 14 Mary says to Dick, “There is a new comer in our class” 15 He says, “We must that team to win the golden cup”
16 She says to me, “I’ve just received a letter from my mother” 17 Dick tells his mother, “I like the acrobats show best”
18 She says, “I’ve just finished my exercises”
19 They say to their teacher, “We never forget your advice” 20 May says, “You have to learn this part carefully, Peter” 21 I tell her, “You look more beautiful in your new dress” 22 Bill says, “I need some more money”
23 He says to her, I’ll see your mother next week” 24 John says, “Your parents are very nice to me, Alice” 25 The teacher tells me, “I want to talk to your mother” 26 She says, “You have to type this report right now, John” 27 “Well, Tom”, says Mrs Smith, “I want you to be a doctor” 28 “I like the way you work”, he says to her
29 The teacher says to us, “You must keep silent in class” 30 The boys say, “We often play football in the afternoon” 31 He said to her, “You are my friend.”
32 John said to his mother, “I don’t know how to this exercise.” 33 “Don’t come back before one o’clock” advised my brother 34 “Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter
35 The pupils said, “Teacher, give us better marks, please”
36 “You have to decide what you want to do”, she said to her daughter 37 Mary asked me “Can you tell me why you are so sad, my honey” 38 Jane said to John “Who will come to the pictures with me?”
39 “Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her friend 40 Bill said, “I want to help you but I can’t, Mary”
41 He said to her, “Remember to send your parents my regards” 42 The teacher said to me, “Give me your paper now”
43 My aunt said to us, “Please, don’t put your hat in this table”
(49)44 I said, “Learn this lesson by heart now, class.” 45 She said to him, “Don’t put your hat here.”
46 Her uncle said, “Bring me a cup of tea, and put your key on the table, Lan”
47 The manager said to me, “Type these reports for me and bring your paper here, please” 48 The teacher said, “Sit at this place from now on and then stand up later, Daisy”
49 The doctor said,“ Do morning exercises regularly to improve your health, you will have a strong body, Mary”
50 The librarian said to me, “Don’t take these books out of here” 51 Ms Green said to me , “Don’t forget to send this letter for me” 52 The teacher said, “Remind your mother of the meeting, Lan” 53 She said to me, “Would you please tell me how to cook this fish?” 54 She told her grandson, “Come to see me more often”
55 Mary said to her brother, “Don’t put your bag on my hat”
56 My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University” 57 “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail”, said Tom
58 The teacher said, “Some students don’t like homework” 59 “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry 60 I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine”
61 The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers” 62 I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”
63 My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here” 64 “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted 65 “Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said
66 Miss Young says to Tom, “I want you to finish these exercises as soon as possible” -67 He says to his teacher, “I have made some progress in my English”
-68 My son tells me, “I’ll visit my grandmother tomorrow”
-69 She says, “You are really a good friend to me, David”
-70 She says to me, “I’ve just received a letter from my mother”
-71 She says , “I’ve just finished my exercises”
-72 Bill says, “I have to pay for this bill much money, don’t I ”
-73 Susan says, “You don’t want my hat, Peter”
-74 He says, “You don’t want me to be late for class, the little girl”
-75 He says to his father, “I will try me best to pass this exam with your advice” - 76 David tells his mother, “You’ll send me this letter tomorrow ”
(50)
77 Alice says, “Your parents are very nice to me, John”
-78.Miss Young says to her sister, “you often phone me at 6:00p.m ,don’t you ?” -79 The boy says to his mother, “ I often play football with my friends in the afternoon” -80 “I get a job like yours ,don’t I ?” the boy says to Daisy
-81 He says to Mary , “I often take my son to the museum on Sundays”
-82 Jimmy says to Mary, “You are so kind to take me there”
-83 Peter says, “You have to learn this part carefully, Mary”
-84 “You like the way I work”, she says to Joe
-85 The teacher says to Alice, “You must keep silent in class”
-86 She says, “You have to type this report right now, John”
-87 Mary says, “I shall never forget you, Tom.”
-88 “Your dress looks more beautiful than mine”, Peter says to Daisy
-89 She says, “You don’t take me to school, you?” “Well, John”
-90 Mary says to Dick, “You are a new comer in my class”
-91 They say to their teacher, “We never forget your advice”
-92 She says to Pike, I’ll see your mother next week”
-93 The teacher tells me, “I want to talk to your mother for your study”
-II Turn these sentences into Reported Speech:
1 He said to me, “Would you please tell me the way to Tan Son Nhat Airport?” His mother asked, “How many students are there in your class, Nam?”
3 He said, “Have you been living here for ten years, Mr Quang?” She said to her grandmother, “I shall be 18 next week”
5 I said to him, “Why didn’t you come (go)to my birthday party?”
6 The teacher said, “Don’t take to each other while you’re doing the test” Minh said to me, “How often you go to your school library?”
8 He said, “What is the length of this house, Mary?”
9 I asked my classmate, “Did you attend the class meeting yesterday?” 10 Alice said to Peter, “Would you please help me with my English exercise?” 11 The teacher said, “You will have the test tomorrow”
(51)12 She said, “Don’t forget to bring your textbook Nam” 13 He said, “I’ll visit you when I have time”
14 I said, “Will you please show me how to use this machine, Mary?” 15 She said, “How did you go to the circus yesterday?”
16 Ann told Peter, “Don’t wait for me if I’m late”
17 Mary said, “I usually get up much earlier than you, Tom ” 18 She said, “Have you read this interesting novel?”
19 “ We enjoy listening to your lecture, Mr Nam”, they said
20 “Did you go to London to visit your son, Mr Quang?” said Mrs Hoa 21 She said to me, “When did you buy this house?”
22 Martha said to Tom, “Where you put my hat and gloves?” 23 She said to him, “My son is very grateful to you for your present” 24 Mai asked us, “Have you seen this movie?”
25 He said, “You are really kind to us, Mai”
26 She said to her son, “I just bought a new shirt for you” 27 He asked the boy, “Do you know who broke this window?” 28 The teacher said, “Why were you absent yesterday, Peter?”
III Complete each sentence with an infinitive phrase which combined with the main verb, reports the idea of the speaker’s words.
1 Joe said, “Please come to my party”
2 Joe invited me ………
3 My teacher said, “ I think you should take another English course” My teacher advised me ………
5 Mrs Brown said, “You may use the phone”
6 Mrs Brown permitted me ……… The doctor said, “Take a deep breath”
8 The doctor told the patient ……… My mother said, “Make an appointment with the dentist” 10 My mother reminded me ……… 11 My friend said, “I think you should take a long vacation” 12 My friend encouraged me ………
13 The Smiths said, “Would you like to come to our house for dinner?” 14 The Smiths invited us ………
15 My friend said, “You should see a doctor about the pain in your knee” 16 My friend advised me ………
17 The judge said, “ You must pay a fine of fifty dollars” 18 The judge ordered Mr Silverman ……… 19 Bill said, “Don’t touch the hot pot”
20 Bill warned me not ……… 21 Sue said, Don’t buy a used car”
22 Sue advised me not ……… 23 Mr Gray said, “Don’t play in the street”
24 Mr Gray warned the children not ………
IV Put the following Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech: The teacher said to Richard, “Write the exercise carefully”
11 “Don’t worry about the examination, Anna,” said her friend
(52)12 He said to me, “Write your name on the board before you leave” 13 “Turn left at the corner and drive two blocks.” The man directed 14 “Please, please don’t anything dangerous,” said his teacher 15 “Don’t take anything with you to my party,” said my friend
16 The teacher said to his students, “Look your answers through and be careful about spelling mistakes”
17 “Underline all the mistakes before you give the papers to me,” the teacher said to her students 18 “Please, please keep away that tree before it can fall down.” The old man said to the children 19 “Don’t forget what I have told you, Karen said to me”
VI Put the following questions into Indirect Speech:
11 He asked me, “Have you finished reading the newspaper?” 12 He said me, “Is playing tennis one of your hobbies?”
13 “How long have you worked as a tourist guide?” I asked my friend 14 The little boy said to his father, “Why does a policeman wear a uniform?” 15 “What happened to you last Sunday?” we asked James
16 He asked me, “Where have you been for the last weeks?” 17 “Is the person you told me last night?” I asked her
18 “Was the village completely destroyed by the tsunami?” he asked the villager 19 “Did you enjoy the Christmas night?” Lindsay asked Jack
20 “Do you feel regretful for what you have done for me?” my friend asked me VII Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
11 “I’m terribly sorry I have broken a vase”, he said to his mother 12 “Why don’t you sell your old house?” my friend said to me
13 “Thank for your kindness of letting us stay with you” said the man
14 “I hear that you have won the game spectacularly Congratulation, ”Anna said 15 “Shall we go to a fashion show this weekend” said Lisa
16 “Let’s not mention this problem again,” the old man said 17 “I often you a ticket for the play,” he insisted
18 “It will be a good idea to have a dinner at the riverside restaurant,” said my boyfriend 19 “I didn’t tell him about your plan I didn’t that,” said Erick
20 “I don’t like being criticized by non-professionals,” said movie star VIII Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
11 “Would you like to have coffee with me?” John said to his workmate 12 “Why don’t you decorate your house?” my friend said to me
13 “If I were you I would revise for that exam,” said the tutor 14 “I’ll help you with this homework,” my brother said
15 “Would you sign the contract?” the secretary said to me 16 “You should take medicine for your cold.” Said my aunt
17 “If I were you, I wouldn’t accept the job offer”, my sister said to me
18 “Don’t park in this area There is a No parking sign,” Mr Browns said to his son 19 “I would like to become a computer programmer,” Jonas said
20 “I meet the student representatives,” said the rector IX Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
10 “If Claire continues to work hard, she will pass the exams easily,” he said 11 My friend said, “If I had more money, I’d take a trip around the world” 12 Lucy said, “If I knew your teacher’s name, I’d send her a card”
(53)13 George said, “If the film had won an Oscar, it would have become famous”
14 Clarence said to me, “If you had gone to my brother’s graduation party you would have met Mary” 15 “If Jack were honest, he would return the money,” said the teacher
16 “If we had been announced about the bad weather, we would have canceled our trip,” said the Browns
17 “If the technology weren’t available, we wouldn’t expand our business,” said the manager 18 “If she finds out the truth, she’ll be very furious, said Vivian”
19 “If the club has to close, we cannot attract more members,” said Susan
V COMPLETE THE REPORTED SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT TENSE : “You play very well.” He told me I ……… very well
2 “Tom has written me a letter.” She told me Tom ……… her a letter “She hasn’t brushed her hair.” I noticed that she ………… her hair
4 “John has had an accident.” Pam rang to say that John ……… an accident “She won’t say anything.” I knew she … anything
6 “\This letter has been opened.” I could see that the letter …… VI PUT THE CORRECT FORM OF SAY OR TELL : I ……… that I wasn’t ready
2 ……… Me what you need
3 Have you ………… the doctor about it? Did you ……… something to me? He doesn’t …… Me anything
6 Mary …… her mother she was going to the office Why didn’t she …… goodbye?
8 ……… him to be quiet Who ……… that?
10 ………… that you won’t forget me
VII TURN INTO REPORTED SPEECH : 1.”I have seen this film twice”
Mai said ……… “Tim was punished by the teacher yesterday”
John told me -
3 “We are still working because we haven’t finished their work yet.” They said -
4 “I’m going to Hanoi next week.”
She said - “The exercise that the teacher gave us last week is very difficult.” They said -
VIII Read the text carefully ten answer the following questions
1/ Paper was invented by the Chinese in the first century AD Most paper is made from wood When trees are cut down, they are transported by land or water to paper mills Here they are cut up and the wood is broken up into fibres (sợi , thớt),which are mixed with water and chemicals This wood pulp is then dried on a machine and made into paper
Paper – making is an important British industry, and paper from Britain is exported to South Africa, Australia and many other countries One tree is needed for every 400 copies of a typical forty – page newspaper If half the adults in Britain each buy one daily paper, this uses up over 40,000 trees a day Trees are being cut down faster than they are being replaced, so there may be a serious paper shortage before the year 2000
(54)Notes : shortage :(n) thiếu, số lượng thiếu Serious (adj) nghiêm trọng
Questions :
1 When was paper invented ?
2 Where is paper from England exported?
3 What might happen if trees are cut down faster than they are replaced?
4 Translate into Vietnamese: “When trees are cut down ……… made into paper.”
2/ Like other languages, English is always changing, but it changes very slowly People invent new words, borrow words from other languages and change the meaning of words as needed For example, the English word “byte” was invented by computer specialists in 1959 The word “tomato” was borrowed from Nahuati, an American Indian language spoken in Mexico The word “meat” once referred to food in general People learn English as well as languages by listening, copying what they hear, and using the language Most school children learn their first language easily and sometimes other languages as well
Are the following statements are true (T) or false (F) English is changing very
quickly. -2 Some English words are borrowed from other languages. -3 Some English words are invented by
computers. -4 “Meat” means food in
general. -5 One of the ways to learn English is copying what you hear. -6 It is not easy for children to learn their first language. -IX Make sentence based on the given cues :
1 They/ be students/ grade 10
……… if/ he/ understand/ me/ I/ be happy/ but/ he/ never/ ……… I/ be/ poor/ but/ if/ I/ help/ orphan/ poor people ……… What/you/ do/ if/ mother/ come/ home/ early
……… He/ may/ be/ sick/ because/ he/ not/ be/ class/ this morning ……… If/ door bell/ ring / dog/ run/ gate
……… If/ you/ decide/ take/ trip/ you/ have to/get ready/ very soon ……… What/ you/ if/ sun/ rise/ night
……… Once/ you/ get/ trip/ you/ be/ different/ world
……… 10 I/ mother/ my/ wish/ I/ her/ tell/ understood
X Fill in the blank with suitable words in the box
Turn on shortage effective solution style improvement equality look after easy – to – understand drives
1 Do you think computers use an - language?
(55)3 We need a supply of food and water We have suffered from the -of these things for a long time
4 They believe that learning by rote is not a very - way
5 The -hasn’t been found yet We still don’t know what to with the problem I don’t really like their - of living
7 I work very hard for the -of my English pronunciation Women had to work very hard to have - with men
9 Daisy is a careful driver She - carefully 10 She used to -her father when he was ill 1 ADVERBS and ADJECTIVES
ADJ: tính từ : Tính từ thành lập từ danh từ ,bằng cách thêm LY vào sau danh từ : Tính từ = danh từ + ly Ex: friend + ly
Father + ly Brother + ly Week + ly Month + ly
ADV : TRẠNG TỪ
Trạng từ thành lập từ tính từ ,bằng cách thêm LY vào sau tính từ ( Tính từ + ly = trạng từ ) Dangerous + ly = Dangerously = adv
Easy + ly = easily Magic + ly = magically Careful + ly = ly
Chú ý : Động từ (V gồm : go, work, catch …)thường thường với ADV(Trạng từ) Động từ (to be )thường với ADJ(Tính từ)
Ex: she is more beautiful than her sister - He drives faster than Tom does
2 CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (TYPE 1) Câu điều kiện loại câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả hành động có thật
If clause(mệnh đề phụ) Main clause (mệnh đề )
HTĐ TLĐ
S + VS,ES S + will/ shall + V0
Ex: If he finishes the skirt before Sunday, He will give it to his sister for her birthday I she studies hard, she can pass her exams
3 ADJ + CLAUSE
S + TO BE + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE
That co thể dùng để giới thiệu mệnh đề đứng liền sau số tính từ chẳng hạn như: - tính từ diễn đạt phản ứng nhân vật kiện
- tính từ bày tỏ ý kiến ,gợi ý để đưa đến mụch đích - tính từ diễn đạt ý tưởng
Ex; I’m glad ( that) you safely arrive
4 ADV clauses of reason: (AS, BEACUSE) mệnh đề trạng từ lý
AS BECAUSE : đuợc sử dụng để nêu rõ lý hành động tình trạng * AS thường đuợc dùng đầu câu
Ex : As the weather is often warm, many of the homes have swimming pools
(56)* BECAUSE :thường đuợc dùng câu, hay đứng sau mệnh đề Ex : we decided to leave early because the party was boring
5 CONNECTORS ( TỪ NỐI)
AND : dùng để nối kết từ ngữ có chức ngữ pháp giống nhau( and : rồi, thì, và, kết lá, cịn……)
AND = nối nhiều từ, nhiều doing từ nhiều mệnh đề
Ghi : Khi diễn tả ý xác định giống nhau, người ta dùng TOO SO kèm với câu có từ nối AND EX: You are tired and I am too
S + to be …… and + S + be + too So + be + S Ex: Mary writes a report class so does Minh
S + V + …… and + S + do, does, did + too So + do, does, did + S
* But liên từ nối mệnh đề với nhau, ý tưởng trái ngược Ex: His father is a doctor but his mother isn’t
* BECAUSE : Là liên từ dùng để kết nối hai mệng đề, biểi thị cho liên hệ ý tưởng với Ex: I did it because he told me to
* SO : liên từ Nó đuợc dsùnh để diễn đạt kết ,1 lý SO đứng đầu mệnh đề SO : vì thế,
Ex: It hasn’t rained for ages, so the ground is very dry
* THEREFORE HOWEVER (Gần giống therefore): Là trạng từ biểu lộ thân mật Nó thường nằm vị trí câu.Nhưng nằm đầu cuối câu sau chủ ngữ Therefore: ,vì
Ex: He’s only 17 and therefore not eligible( tư cách ) to vote( bỏ phiếu bầu) 6 SUGGEST + V+ing
S + suggest + O + infinitive S + suggest + V+ing
S + suggest + that + clause
Ex: She suggest climbing up the top of the hill
Ghi ; đuợc dùng that + clause đứng sau động từ suggest Ex: I suggest that Mary should visit the national park after breakfast VII : Chọn đại từ thích hợp :
1 I go to school with (him, he , his , your) every day I see (she, her, herself, me) at the park every Sunday She speaks to ( us, we , ourselves, her) every morning Isn’t (she, her, him, you) a nice person
5 (He, Him, Me, Your) is going to New York on vacation (She, Her, Me , His ) and John gave the money to the boy
7 (Yours , Yours , Me ,Him ) record is scratched and (I, His ,Her, We) is too I hurt (my, me, myself, its) leg
9 John bought (himself, hiself, herself, myself ) a new coat
10 (We, Us, Your, Ourselves) girls are going camping over the weekend 11 Mr Jones cut (himself, herself, myself, themselves ) shaving
12 We like (our, ourselves , us, me ) new car very much 13 The dog bit (she, her, herself, my) on the leg
14 John (he, himself, his , her) went to the meeting 15 You’ll stick (you, your, yourself, his ) with the pins
16 Mary and (I , me, my, Our) would rather go to the movies
(57)17 Everyone has to (their, his , herself, us) own research 18 Just between you and (I, me, him, my) I don’t like this food 19 Monday is a holiday for (we, us, our, hers) teachers
20 (Her, Hers, Me , I) car does not go as fast as (our, us, we, him) car 21 Take care (you, your, yourself, his ), Ann
22 We’ve bought some food with ( me , we, us, our) 23 Who’s there ? Only (me, I, mine, myself)
24 Everyone has to leave (his , their, its, her) bags outside 25 It was (he, his, him, himself) who called you
26 John and Tom , you (you, your, yourselves, yours ) have to it 27 Is that Mary over there? Yes, that’s (she, her, herself, hers) 28 This parcel is for Tom and (me, I, mine, myself)
29 Could you lent Sue your ruler? (she, her, herself, hers) has just been broken 30 Just help (you, your, yourself, yours) to sandwiches, won’t you ?
31 Mary and (me, I, mine, myself) would rather go to the cinema 32 The manager (he, himself, his , him) welcomed us to the hotel
33 Who does this CD belong to ? (me, I, mine, myself) I’ve just bought it
34 John’s shoes were worn out, so he bought (him, his , them, himself) a pair of new shoes 35 Tom and (her , herself, she, me) gave the money to the boss
36 There’s no need to shout, I can hear (you, your, yourselves, yours ) 37 (you, your, yourselves, yours) father is a dentist
38 (It ,Its, Itself, Ourselves) is important to keep it somewhere safe 39 (He, His, Him ,Your) wants to leave now
40 His letters are all about (him, his , he, himself)
1 TENSES 9. Present simple ( Hiện đơn )
a. Form ( hình thức) Động từ thường
Khẳng định: I / you / we / they + verb …… He / she / it,Mary,Tom + verb (+ s / es )…… Phủ định : I / you / we / they + don’t + verb…
He / she / it,Mary,Tom + doesn’t + verb…… Nghi vaán : Do + I / you / we / they + verb… ?
Does + he / she / it ,Mary,Tom + verb……? Với động từ TO BE
(+) I am
You , We ,They are He , She , It is
(58)(-) I am not You , We ,They arenot He , She , It isnot
(?) Am I ? Are You , We ,They ?
Is He , She , It ,Mary,Tom,Tuan ? b. Use ( cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy thường xuyên thói quen Ex: Do you often go to the cinema ?
We sometimes go sailing at weekends. He smokes twenty cigarettes a day. We go to the country every weekend. - diễn tả thật chân lí muôn đời., thật hiển nhiên
- Diễn tả hành động lúc nói( câu khơng có kiện ) - Dùng câu điều kiện lọai (trong mệnh đề phụ) Cách nhận biết:
(59)always (luoân luoân),
often (thường),
usually/generally (thường thường), sometimes (thỉnh thoảng),
rarely/seldom (hieám khi),
never (khơng bao giờ),
every + time (hằng, ….)
once / twice …+ a + time (moät / hai laàn )
(60)Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Always, usually, sometimes, often, normally, generally, occasionally, as a rule, never, rarely, seldom, … Every: everyday, every morning, every Saturday…
Three times a week, twice a month, from time to time…
1 TLĐ _ WHEN _HTĐ HTĐ _AFTER _ TLĐ TLĐ _ BEFORE _HTĐ TLĐ _ AS SOON AS _HTĐ HTĐ _ THAT HTHT
6 TLĐ _ UNTIL _HTĐ TLĐ _ BECAUSE _HTĐ TLĐ _ BY THE TIME _HTĐ TLĐ _ SO _HTĐ
10 TLĐ IF HTĐ
10. Present continuous ( Hiện tiếp diễn )
a. Form ( hình thức)
Khẳng ñònh: S + am / are / is + V-ing …… Phủ định : S + am / are / is + not + V-ing …… Nghi vaán : Am / Are / Is + S + V-ing ……?
b. Use ( cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy vào lúc nói
Ex: What’s that smell ? Something is burning in the kitchen Why are you wearing that funny hat ?
I work in a bakery everyday But I’m working in a shop this week
- Dùng câu mệnh lệnh.( Look! Be quite! Don’t make noise! Listen! Watch out! Keep silent ) Cách nhận biết: now , right now / right at the moment / at present, today , this + time
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) Now, right now, at present, at the moment, still
Today, this week, these days, this term, this year, this summer, nowadays…
Khơng dùng HTTD QKTD với động từ tri giác sau đây: Like, Dislike, Detest, Fear, Respect, Loathe, Hate, Love,
Believe , Trust , Want , Wish , Desire , Know , Perceive, Notice , Understand , Forget , Remember , Recollect , Consist , Contain , Concern , Belong , Possess , Own , Owe , Concern , Matter , Appear (cã vỴ), Look (cã vỴ), Seem (dêng nh), Smell (cã mïi), Taste (có vị), Sound (có vẻ), Mean (có nghĩa là), Signify (cã nghÜa lµ),See (hiĨu), Realize (hiĨu), Recognize (nhËn thøc), Hold
(chứa đựng), Keep (tiếp tục), Admire (khâm phục), belong, need, TO BE
VÝ dô : - I want to see him right now (Tôi muốn gặp bây giờ), không nói I am wanting to see him right now. - The meat smells of garlic (Thịt có mùi tỏi), không nãi The meat is smelling of garlic
- I perceive her smile as an ironic remark (T«i nhËn thấy nụ cời cô ta lời nhận xÐt mØa mai), chø kh«ng nãi I am
perceiving her smile as an ironic remark 11. Simple past ( Quá khứ đơn )
a. Form ( hình thức) Khẳng định: S + V2 / V-ed …… Phủ định : S + didn’t + V1 …
Nghi vaán : Did + S + V1 … ? Với động từ TO BE
( +) I ( He , She , It , Tên người số ít) was You ( We , They ) were
b. Use ( cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy chấm dứt thời điểm khoảng thời gian xác định khứ Ex: He met her yesterday.
He lived in Hanoi from 1990 to 2000. They didn’t meet each other last night.
- Dùng sau hành động khác khứ(đi với QKHT) (CĨ before, after, by the time, that ) - Hành động khác cắt ngang( QKĐ – QKTD( CÓ when xuất hiện) )
- Dùng câu điều kiện lọai 2(chia mệnh đề phụ(be = were)) - Chỉ thói quen khứ
Cách nhận biết: yesterday, ago, last + time , in + year , from… to Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Yesterday, yesterday morning, in the past, in 1985, when I was young, when I was a child…
(61) Last: last night, last year, last month, last summer Ago: two days ago, three weeks ago, a month ago
1 _QKTD _WHEN QKĐ _QKHT _WHEN QKĐ _QKTD _WHEN _QKTD _QKĐ WHEN QKĐ _QKHT BY THE TIME QKĐ _QKĐ AFTER _QKHT _ QKHT _BEFORE QKĐ _ _QKĐ WHILE QKTD _ QKTD _ WHILE _QKTD _ 10 _QKHT _AS SOON AS QKĐ 11 _QKĐ _THAT QKHT _
12 QKĐ _AS QKTD _ 13 _QKĐ BECAUSE _QKHT _ 14 _QKHT UNTIL _QKĐ _
15 TLTQK(S + Would,Should, Could…+ V1) _IF QKĐ _
12. Past continuous ( Quá khứ tiếp diễn )
a. Form ( hình thức) Khẳng định: S + were / was + V-ing ……
Phủ định : S + were / was + not + V-ing …… Nghi vaán : Were / Was + S + V-ing ……?
b. Use ( cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: What were you doing at 8.00 last night ? I was watching television When I got home , the children were crying and the dog was barking Diễn tả hành động bị gián đoạn
Ex: While I was having a bath, the phone rang He was making some coffee when we arrived Diễn tả hai hành động diễn lúc
Ex: I was learning my lesson while my parents were watching TV at 8.30 last night. While he was playing football, we were listening to music.
Cách nhận biết:
(62)At that moment ( vào lúc đó) At that time ( vào lúc đó)
At this time yesterday ( vào lúc hôm qua)
At this time last night ( vào lúc tối hôm qua)
At (5, …) o'clock yesterday (vào lúc (5, 6…) hôm qua.)All day yesterday ( suốt ngày hôm qua)
13. Present perfect ( Hiện hồn thành )
a. Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : I/ you /we /they + have + V3 / V-ed … He /she /it + has + V3 / V-ed Phủ định : S + have / has + not + V3 / V-ed … Nghi vaán : Have / has + S + V3 / V-ed … ?
b. Use (Cách dùng )
Dùng để hành động xảy khứ kéo dài đến : Ex: I have learnt English for years
My mother has decorated the house since yesterday. He has seen that actor many times
- Hành động vừa xảy
- Không xác định thời gian khứ - Hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần Cách nhận biết:
for (suốt) since (kể từ)
up to now / so far / until now / up to present (cho tới )
for ages ( lâu ) just (vừa mới) already (rồi)
recently / lately (gaàn đây) never
ever still (vẫn) not…yet (chưa)
several times = many times (nhiều lần)
NOTES: FOR + khoảng thời gian Ex: for hours , for a long time SINCE + mốc thời gian Ex: since 1968 , since last Christmas
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Since, for,Just, recently, lately, already, never, ever, yet, so far, until now, up to now, for ages, for a long time, up to the present, how long,in the last few years…
Lưu ý: Các trạng từ dùng kèm với tạ hoàn thành câu đơn Nếu câu từ hai mệnh đềø trở lên ta phải dựa vào ngữ cảnh không dựa vào trạng từ đó.)
HTHT _SINCE QK Đ
14. Present perfect continuous ( Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn )
a. Form (Hình thức)
Khẳng định : I/ you /we /they + have + been + V- ing …
He /she /it ,Mary,Tom,Mai… + has + been + V- ing Phủ định : S + have / has + not + been + V- ing …
Nghi vaán : Have / has + S + been + V- ing … ?
b. Use (Cách dùng ) Nhấn mạnh liên tục hành động kéo dài từ khứ tiếp diễn
Ex: I’ve been working for the same company for twelve years. How long have you been playing football ?
15. Past perfect ( Quá khứ hoàn thành )
a. Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : S + had + V3 / V-ed … Phủ định : S + had + not + V3 / V-ed … Nghi vaán : Had + S + V3 / V-ed … ?
b. Use (Cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khác thời điểm khác khứ - Dùng câu điều kiện lọai 3(chia mệnh đề phụ)
Cách nhận biết: before, after, by the time, when, as soon as
Ex: My parents had already eaten by the time I got home. Until yesterday , I had never heard about it
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
(63)By + (the past time): by 2003, by last year
By the time + clause: by the time we got there, by the time you went to bad… Before, after, when, already,
1 _QKHT _WHEN QKĐ _QKHT BY THE TIME QKĐ _QKĐ AFTER _QKHT _ QKHT _BEFORE QKĐ _ _QKHT _AS SOON AS QKĐ _QKĐ _THAT QKHT _
7 _QKĐ BECAUSE _QKHT _ _QKHT UNTIL _QKĐ _
9 QKHT IF _PAST SUBJUNTIVE (S + WOULD,SHOULD, COULD, MIGHT + HAVE + PP)
16. Past perfect continuous ( Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn )
a. Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng ñònh : S + had + been + V-ing … Phủ định : S + had + not + been + V-ing … Nghi vaán : Had + S + been + V-ing … ?
b. Use (Cách dùng )
Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục hành động xảy trước hành động khác hay thời điểm khác khứ
Ex: She had been studying English before she came here for classes.
The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him 9 Simple future ( Tương lai đơn )
a.Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : S + will / shall + V1 … Phủ định : S + will / shall + not + V1 … Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + V1 … ?
b.Use (Cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm tương lai : tomorrow , next + time Ex: He will finish his work tomorrow
We shall have our examination next month.
Diễn đạt đề nghị , yêu cầu , hay mời mọc ( thường dạng câu hỏi ) Ex: Will you go shopping with me now ?
-Diễn tả việc khơng chắn Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian) Next: next week, next month, next summer…
Someday, soon, in 2050, in two weeks, in three days, tomorrow… I think, I am sure, promise, hope …
1 TLĐ _ WHEN _HTĐ HTĐ _AFTER _ TLĐ TLĐ _ BEFORE _HTĐ TLĐ _ AS SOON AS _HTĐ HTĐ _ THAT _TLĐ
6 TLĐ _ UNTIL _HTĐ TLĐ _ BECAUSE _HTĐ TLĐ _ BY THE TIME _HTĐ TLĐ _ SO _HTĐ
10 TLĐ IF HTĐ 10 Future continuous ( Tương lai tiếp diễn )
a.Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : S + will / shall + be + V-ing … Phủ định : S + will / shall + be + not + V-ing … Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing … ?
b.Use (Cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm xác định tương lai Ex: Don’t phone at 8.00 I’ll be having supper.
This time tomorrow I ‘ll be flying to New York
(64) Dùng để hỏi kế hoạch hay dự tính ngưới khác , muốn hay muốn người làm điều
Ex: “ Will you be using your bicycle this evening? “ “ No, you can take it “ “ Will you be passing the post office when you go out ? “ “ Yes , why ? 11 Future perfect ( Tương lai hồn thành )
a.Form ( Hình thức )
Khẳng định : S + will / shall + have + V3 / V-ed … Phủ định : S + will / shall + not + have + V3 / V-ed … Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + have + V3 / V-ed … ?
b.Use (Cách dùng )
Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước hành động khác thời điểm khác tương lai Ex: The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing
By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for years. 2 VERB FORMS A / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY V.ING
1 admit thừa nhận
2 advise khuyên bảo
3 allow cho phép
4 avoid tránh né, tránh xa
5 complete hồn thành
6 consider cân nhắc, xem xét
7 continue tiếp tục
8 can’t help không
9 can’t stand khơng thể chịu
10 delay hoãn lại
11 deny phủ nhận
12 discuss thảo luận
13 dislike không thích
14 enjoy thích thú
15 encourage khuyến khích
16 finish hồn thành, kết thúc
17 forbid cấm đoán
18 give up từ bỏ
19 keep (on) , tiếp tục
20 mention đề cập đến , nói
21 mind ý,quan tâm
22 miss bỏ lỡ
23 permit cho phép
24 postpone trì hỗn
25 practise luyện tập , thực hành
26 quit bỏ , từ bỏ , ngừng nghỉ
27 recommend đề nghị
28 resent giận , oán giận
29 resist cưỡng lại , chống lại
30 suggest đề nghị
31 tolerate khoan dung , tha thứ
32 understand hieåu
B / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY TO - INFINITIVE afford có đủ tiền
2 agree đồng ý
3 appear dường
4 arrange đặt , thu sếp
5 ask yêu cầu
6 beg năn nỉ , cầu xin
7 consent ưng thuận
8 decide định
9 demand địi hỏi
10 deserve đáng , xứng đáng
11 expect mong đợi
12 fail quên , thất bại
13 hesitate dự
14 hope hy voïng
15 learn hoïc
16 manage xoay xở
17 mean có ý , muốn nói 18 offer đề nghị
19 plan lập kế hoạch 20 prepare chuẩn bị
21 pretend làm vẻ , giả vờ 22 promise hứa
23 refuse từ chối 24 seem trơng
25 struggle đấu tranh , gắng sức 26 swear thề
27 threaten đe dọa 28 volunteer tình nguyện 29 wait đợi
30 want muốn 31 wish ước muốn
C / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN OBJECT + TO - INFINITIVE advise khuyên bảo
2 allow cho phép
3 ask yêu cầu
4 beg năn nỉ
5 cause khiến cho , gaây
6 challenge thách thức
7 convince thuyết phục
8 darethách thức
9 encourage khuyến khích
10 expect mong đợi
11 forbid cấm , ngăn cấm
12 force bắt buộc , ép buoäc
13 instruct dẫn , hướng dẫn
14 invite mời
15 need caàn
16 order lệnh
17 permit cho phêp
18 persuade thuyết phục
19 remind nhắc nhở
20 require u cầu , địi hỏi
21 teach dạy
22 tell bảo
23 urgethúc , thúc giục
24 want muốn
25 warn cảnh báo
26 recommend đề nghị
D/LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER A V.ING OR A TO - INFINITIVE ( with a difference in meaning ) 1 Stop :
§ stop + v.ing : ngừng làm công việc làm
Ex : He was writing; and when I came in, he stopped writing and looked at me § stop + to infinitive : ngừng lại để làm việc khác (a purpose)
Ex : He was speaking on the phone when the door bell rang He stopped to answer the door 2 Forget / Remember :
§ forget / remember + v.ing : quên nhớ điều xảy qúa khứ
(65)Ex : I remember playing with dolls when I was a child I never forget winning the scholarship last year
§ forget / remember + to infinitive : quên nhớ thực trách nhiệm, bổn phận hay cơng việc tương lai
Ex : I always remember to lock the front door before going to school Don’t forget to phone me when you return home tomorrow 3 Regret :
§ regret + v.ing : tiếc điều xảy qúa khứ
Ex : I regret lending him money He never paid it back to me
§ regret + to infinitive : tiếc phải nói thơng báo cho điều khơng hay Ex : I regret to tell you that you failed the college entrance examination
4 Need :
§ need + v.ing : (passive meaning) cần phải Ex : My house is rather old It needs repainting
§ need + to infinitive : cần phải làm điều (mà chưa làm được) Ex : She needs to study harder so that she can pass the final test 5 Try :
§ try + v.ing : thử làm điều để xem có hay khơng § try + to infinitive : cố gắng
E / SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY THE ING-FORM
1 have fun / have a good time : thích thú, vui vẻ
2 have trouble / have difficulty / have a hard time / have a difficult time : gaëp khó khăn việc
3 spend / waste + (time) + v.ing sit / stand / lie + (place) + v.ing
5 find / catch + object + v.ing : thấy hay bắt gặp làm
6 to be no good / no use + v.ing : vô ích
7 to be worth / worthwhile + v.ing : đáng, xứng đáng to be busy + v.ing : bận làm
9 There is no point in + v.ing
10 can’t stand = can’t help: không
F / GO + V.ING
1 go birdwatching : xem triển lãm chim go camping : cắm trại
3 go dancing : khiêu vũ go fishing : câu cá go hiking : go hunting : săn
7 go jogging : chạy go mountain climbing : leo núi go sailing : chèo thuyền 10 go shopping : mua sắm 11 go window shopping : dạo 12 go swimming : bơi
G / S + V + O + BARE INFINITIVE / V.ING feel : cảm thấy
2 hear : nghe
3 listen to a : laéng nghe
4 notice : ý
5 observe : quan sát
6 perceive : cảm nhận
7 see : thaáy
8 watch : xem
9 hark at : nghe
10 smell : ngửi
11 look at : nhìn
H / V + O + BARE INFINITIVE
have : nhờ make : bắt let : để, cho phép help : giúp đỡ
I/ NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT
1 IT IS TIME + S + VED/2 (QUÁ KHỨ) : Đến để làm gì: Ex: It's time we went
2 S + WOULD RATHER + S + VED/ (QUÁ KHỨ): Ai muốn/ thích làm Ex: I would rather you did the test well
3 S + SUGGEST + V-ING: Ai đề nghị nên làm chuyện Ex: I suggest fixing the faucet
4 S + SUGGEST + (THAT) + S + SHOULD + V: Ai đề nghị nên làm chuyện Ex: I suggest that we should turn off the faucet
3 TAG QUESTIONS Affirmative statement, negative tag?
Negative statement, affirmative tag?
Eg: They won’t answer the questions, will they? Helen can speak English very well, can’t she? My mother is very beautiful, isn’t she?
Hoa makes the questions, doesn’t she? Nam didn’t agree with you, did he? My father went to the cinema, didn’t he?
(66)b Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh câu yêu cầu):
Imperatives:
+ Có phần đuôi wont you? diễn tả lời mêi:
Eg: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mời ông ngồi) + Có phần đuôi will you? diễn tả lời yêu cầu
Eg: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lßng më cöa) Requests:
Eg: Please keep silient, will you? (Vui lòng giữ im lặng)
Please don’t make noise, will you? ( Xin vui lòng đừng làm ồn) c Phần đuôi câu với “ Let’s + V ” : “Shall we ?”
Eg: Let’s go swimming, shall we? (Chóng ta bơi nhé)
d Nothing, c thay “ It” câu hỏi đuôi:
Eg : Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ?
e Noone, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone đợc thay “They”
Eg: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn’t they?
L u ý:
Nothing, Nobody đợc dùng mệnh đề chính, động từ câu hỏi đuôi phải dạng thức xác định
Eg: Nobody phoned while I was out, did they? This/ That đợc thay “It”
Eg: This won’t take long, will it? These/ Those đợc thay “They”
Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they?
4 COMPARISION OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (Các hình thức so sánh tính từ trạng từ)
a Absolute ( So sánh bằng):
Khẳng định : bằng, như Ex: My sister is as tall as me.
Phủ định : không … bằng
E
x : She does not work so/as hard as her friends (do). b Comparative ( Só sánh )
Với tính từ trạng từ ngắn: : … hơn
Ex: Ann is taller than me. Với tính từ trạng từ dài
Ex: This exercise is more difficult than that one.
NOTES:
Tính từ (trạng từ) ngắn gồm tính từ có âm tiết tính từ có âm tiết mà tận bằng: -y, -ow, -er, -le, -et Ex: Happy happier narrow narrower quiet quieter
Clever Cleverer simple simpler
Tính từ ngắn tận phụ âm, trước nguyên âm gấp đơi phụ âm cuối trước thêm ER Ex: Hot hotter big bigger
c Superlative ( So sánh ) Với tính từ trạng từ ngắn:
Ex: The Nile is the longest river in the world Với tính từ trạng từ dài
Ex: That was the most interesting story I've ever read
Các trường hợp bất qui tắc:
Adj./Adv Comparative Superlative
Good, well better the best
Bad, badly worse the worst
Many, much more the most
Little less the least
Far farther/further the farthest/furthest
Ex: They all behaved badly, but Peter behaved the worst.
Anne feels much better today.
AS + Adj/Adv + AS
NOT SO/AS + Adj/Adv + AS
Adj./Adv + ER + THAN MORE + Adj./ Adv + THAN
THE + Adj + EST
(67)Ex: The standard of living is getting better and better. The tests are more and more difficult.
b So sánh kép miêu tả hai việc song song phát triển, thay đổi kiện kèm theo thay đổi kiện kia.
Ex: The more you learn, the better you know about the world.
5 RELATIVE CLAUSES
Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn
Relative pronouns : WHO – WHOM –
Người WHO(THAY CHO S)(HE,SHE,THEY)+ BE/V/ MODAL VERBS
Người WHOM(THAY CHO O)(HIM ,HER,THEM)+ S
Người WHOSE( thay cho POSS ADJECTIVE) (HIS,HER,ITS,THEIR) + Noun
Vaät WHICH (THAY CHO S)(IT,,THEY)+ BE/V/ MODAL VERBS
Vaät WHICH (THAY CHO O)(it, their)+ S
WHICH – WHOSE - THAT
6 The woman is my mother She wears a hat The woman who / that wears a hat is my mother My mother is the person I always think of her
My mother is the person whom / that I always think of The bicycle is beautiful You are looking at it
The bicycle which / that you are looking at is beautiful The book is my teacher’s It is on the table
The book which / that is on the table is my teacher’s 10 He is the boy His father is the director of this company He is the boy whose father is the director of this company Relative adverbs : WHERE – WHEN – WHY
1 WHERE : dùng để thay “ giới từ + which” : “ in which, at which, on which…” nói nơi chốn. Ex: I went to the office My father works in the office
I went to the office in which my father works. I went to the office where my father works.
2 WHEN: được dùng để thay “giới từ + which” : “ in which , at which, on which ….” nói thời gian Ex: You can visit me on Sundays I am usually free on Sundays
You can visit me on Sundays on which I am usually free You can visit me on Sundays when I am usually free 3 WHY : được dùng để thay “ for + which” nói lý
Ex: He refused my invitation The reason is unknown The reason why he refused my invitation is unknown.
NOTE : “ where , when , why “ không sau giới từ
Chức Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn Chủ ngữ
Người WHO/THAT WHO
Vaät WHICH/THAT WHICH
Tân ngữ
Người WHOM/THAT/ WHOM
Vaät WHICH/THAT/ WHICH
Sở hữu Người WHOSE WHOSE
Vaät WHOSE/ OF WHICH WHOSE/ OF WHICH
(68)Ex: Michael Jackson is an American singer I saw him on TV yesterday Michael Jackson , whom I saw on TV yesterday , is an American singer. NOTES
d “That” thường dùng trường hợp sau: Khi từ trước người vật
Ex: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid
Sau so sánh danh từ trước làm tân ngữ sau từ : the first, the last, the only, the very, any, all, nothing, anything, everything, few, nobody, …
Ex: You are the person that I have been looking for. She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen. I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she
e “That” không dùng trường hợp sau: Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đứng trước
Ex: The house in which / in that I live is my father’s.
That is the man from whom / from that I borrowed the car. Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn
Ex: Viet Nam, which / that is in the south-east Asia, exports rice.
f Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không giới hạn ) , danh từ xác định thường : Danh từ riêng : Nam, Hong , Mr Smith, Mrs Green …
Đại từ định : this , that , these, those Tính từ sở hữu : my, your , our , their , his, her
Ex: Mr Pike is very nice He is my neighbor Mr Pike , who is my neighbor , is very nice This matter is of great importance You should pay attention to it
This matter , to which you should pay attention, is of great importance
Do you see my pen ? I’ve just written the lesson with it Do you see my pen, with which I’ve just written the lesson 6 STRUCTURES OF “USE”
a Be used to + Ving /Noun/ Noun phrases : = be accustomed to + V-ing = get used to + V-ing : quen với, thích hợp với Ex : Women are used to being independent.
I am used to hot weather.
b Used to + bare infinitive : từng, thường ( thói quen khứ ) ( didn’t use to + V1 / Did + S + use to + V1?)
Ex : He used to smoke a lot of cigarette. c Use + noun : dùng
Ex : I have used this book for many years.
d Be used for + Ving / be used to + V1 : dùng để ( công dụng vật )
Ex : Money is used for buying and selling goods = Money is used to buy and sell goods. 7 WISH CLAUSES
Ex: I wish I would fly to Hanoi tomorrow
She wish she had enough time to study now
They wish they had come to the party last night
8 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Loại Main clauses If clause
1 Điều kiện xảy tương lai Simple present
(hiện đơn) will/shall … + V1
2 Điều kiện xảy Simple past (Quá khứ đơn )
(be were ) would /should /… + V1
3 Điều kiện xảy khứ Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành )
would/should… + have + V3/V-ed
Note: Unless = If … not ( không, trừ phi)
1 Mong ước xảy tương lai: WOULD + V1
(69)As long as / provided / providing (that) : với điều kiện là Ex: You can borrow my book as long as you use it carefully. You can play providing (that) you don’t make so much noise. Suppose, supposing: giả sử
Ex: Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do? 4 In case: phòng khi, trường hợp
Ex: Take an umbrella with you in case it rains
9 PASSIVE VOICE Ex:
Active: Mr Smith taught English
Passive: English was taught by Mr Smith.
BẢNG TĨM TẮT CÁC THÌ Ở BỊ ĐỘNG
TENSE ( Thì ) ACTIVE ( Câu chủ động ) PASSIVE ( Câu bị động )
1 Simple present ( Hiện đơn ) S + Verb ( s / es ) S + am / is / are + V3 / V-ed Present continuous ( HTTD ) S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am /is /are + being + V3 /V-ed Simple past (Quá khứ đơn ) S + V2 / V-ed S + was / were + V3 / V-ed Past continuous ( QKTD ) S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + being + V3 / V-ed Present perfect ( HTHT ) S + have / has + V3 / V-ed S + have / has + been + V3 / V-ed Modal verbs
7 Past perfect (QKHT)
S + will/shall/can/could/must…+ V3 / V-ed
S + have/has/ought to + V1… S + had + V3/ Ved
S + will/shall/can/could/must+ be + V3/V-ed S + have/has/ought to + be + V3/V-ed… S + had + been + V3/ Ved
NOTES
1 Bị động mênh đề ( believe, know, think, say, report…) Câu chủ động :
Câu bị động :
Ex : People believe that 13 is an unlucky number It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number 13 is believed to be an unlucky number
2 They know that the prisoner escaped from the jail. It is known that the prisoner escaped from the jail The prisoner is known to have escaped from the jail 2 Bị động thể truyền khuyến
Model : Câu chủ động :
Câu bị động :
Ex : I had the garage repair my car
People / they + V1 (consider/ know / believe/ say /…) + …that + S + V2 + … It + is / was + past participle (V1) + that + S + V2 +…
to infinitive … (khi V2 tương lai)
S + be + past participle (V1) +
to have + V3/V-ed … (khi V2 khứ)
(70)Câu chủ động : Câu bị động :
Ex : I get her to make some coffee. I get some coffee made.
10 PHRASES and CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
( Cụm từ mệnh đề mục đích )
a Phrases of purpose ( Cụm từ mục đích )
Ex : I learn English to study abroad = I learn English in order to study abroad
He got up early so as not to miss the train = He got up early in order not to miss the train
b Clauses of purpose (Mệnh đề mục đích )
Ex : I’m buying some paint so that I can paint my room = I’m buying some paint in order that I can paint my room 11 SOME USEFUL STRUCTURES
1 MODEL 1
BECAUSE / SINCE / AS + CLAUSE
Ex: a Because she behaves well, everybody loves her.= Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her b As he behaved badly, he must be punished = Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished
c Since I can’t read Italian, I have to read English = Because of my ability to read Italian, I have to read English 2 MODEL 2
Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time = Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time 3 MODEL 3
Ex: I find it hard to live on my salary I think it a good thing to be accurate 4 MODEL 4
: (Ai) (thời gian) để làm gì Ex: It takes me half an hour to ride to school
5 CLASUES OF RESULT
BECAUSE OF / DUE TO + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUNDS
ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH + CLAUSE
DESPITE / IN SPITE OF + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUNDS
To–infinitive
In order (not) to / so as (not ) to + V1
So that
+ S + modal verbs + V1 ( will / would / can /could… )
In order that
S + V + too + adj/adv + ( for + O ) + to infinitive S + V + adj / adv + enough + ( for + O ) + to infinitive S + V + enough + noun + to-inf / for something S + V + so + adj / adv
S + V + so +much / many + noun + THAT + CLAUSE S + V + such ( a /an) + adj +noun
S + V + such + a lot of + noun
S + V (find/consider/believe/make ) + it + ADJ / NOUN + TO–inf
It takes/took + (somebody) + (time) + to-inf
(71)It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it
12 THE PRONUNCIATION Of THE ENDINGS: -S/ES and -ED A Cách phát âm đuôi S/ES động từ thứ ba số ít, danh từ số nhiều, sở hữu cách.
Đäc lµ /S/ nÕu sau tõ tËn âm nh /k/, /p/, /f/, //,/t/
Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives
/p/ /t/ /f/ /k/ /θ/ maps /mæps/ cats / kæts / laughs / lɑ:fs / books / buks / lengths / leηθs /
stops / stops/ calculates /'kælkjuleits/ laughs / la:fs / attacks / ə'tæks /
Janet’s / zænets/ Cliff’s / klifs/ Frank’s / fræηks/ Gareth’s / gareθs /
ọc /IZ/ sau từ tận cïng b»ng ©m /ks/, /∫/, /t∫/, /s/ , /dʒ/, /ʒ/, /z/.
Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives
/s/ /ks/ / ∫ / /t∫/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /z/ glasses boxes wishes churches garages pages bruises misses mixes washes matches massages stages rises Bruce’s Felix’s Trish’s Gooch’s Solange’s Gorge’s Rose’s ọc /Z/ sau từ tận phụ âm lại, tất nguyên âm.
Plural nouns 3rd singular verbs Possessives
/b/ /v/ /d/ /g/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /η/ /əu/ /ei/ /eə/ cubs caves beds eggs hills rooms pens rings potatoes days hairs robs lives reads digs fills comes learns brings goes plays wears Bob’s Olive’s Donald’s Peg’s Daniel’s Tom’s Jane’s King’s Jo’s Clay’s Clare’s
B Cách phát âm ED động từ có quy tắc.
ọc /id/ sau từ tận âm /d/ hc /t/.
need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start – started Đäc lµ /t/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /θ/, /ks/
wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped watch – watched fax – faxed Đäc lµ /d/ sau tõ tËn cïng âm lại.
play – played plan – planned offer – offered bathe – bathed call – called borrow – borrowed
* Các tính từ tận ED ED đợc phát âm nh cách phát âm động từ có quy tắc Tuy nhiên, số tính từ cổ tận cùng -ed, số trạng từ tận -edly, -ed đợc phát âm /id/.
Adjectives:
/id/ naked : kháa th©n crooked : cong, o»n ragged : nhµu, cịwretched : khèn khỉ rugged : gå ghỊ learned : uyên bác
Adverbs:
/id/ deservedly : xứng đáng supposedly: cho là markedly : cách rõ ràng, đáng ý allegedly : cho rằng 13 SUBJECT and VERB AGREEMENT
( Sự hồ hợp chủ ngữ động từ ) 1 Những trường hợp động từ chia số ít:
a Hai chủ ngữ gồm nhiều danh từ nối với “ and “ người vật Ex: My old friend and colleague, John, has just got married
b Chủ ngữ từ số lượng tiền bạc, thời gian, khoảng cách, trọng lượng. Ex: Ten dollars is not enough
Three years in a strange land seems like a long time
c Chủ ngữ đại từ bất định: each(of), every(of), any (+ one, thing, body), some (+ one, thing, body), no (+ one, thing, body), one of, either of, neither of, the number of …
(72)Ex: That he failed the exam makes his parents sad Walking is good for health
To live is to struggle
e Chủ ngữ nhóm từ, câu trích, tựa sách Ex: “War and peace” is a masterpiece by Toilstoi
“We shall overcome” becomes international progressive slogan
Notes : Chủ ngữ danh từ có hình thức số nhiều thực tế chúng danh từ số ít
Mơn học, : mathematics (tốn), physics (lý), economics (kinh tế), politics (chính trị), linguistics (ngơn ngữ ), phonetics (ngữ âm ), athletics (điền kinh), statistics (thống kê)
Bệnh tật : mumps (quai bị), measles (sởi), rickets (còi xương)
Địa danh : Wales, The United States, The United Nations, The Phillipines… Danh từ khác: news (tin tức), innings (hiệp đấu), billiards (bi da),
2 Những trường hợp động từ chia số nhiều:
a Chủ ngữ gồm nhiều danh từ nhiều người hay nhiều vật: Ex: John and Joe are roommate in this school-year
b Chủ ngữ danh từ có hình thức số nhiều: glasses, jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, shorts… Ex: My trousers are torn
c Chủ ngữ đại từ cụm từ: several, both, both…and, many, few, some, all, a number of. Ex: Several of the students were absent yesterday
Both are good
d Chủ ngữ danh từ đươc thành lạp bỡi mạo từ THE + Adjective: the blind, the rich, the poor… Ex: The poor living here need help
Notes: Một số danh từ có hình thức số động từ chia số nhiều: people, police, cattle (gia súc), public (công chúng), clergy (mục sư), gentry (tiêu đề, đề mục).
Ex: The police are coming
3 Những trường hợp động từ chia số số nhiều tuỳ theo trường hợp: a Khi chủ ngữ cụm từ:
Ex: The first two parts of experiment take the most time
b Chủ ngữ danh từ nối bởi: or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also: động từ hồ hợp với chủ ngữ gần nhất Ex: Neither my mother nor my father wants me to be a teacher
Either she or I am going to leave
c Chủ ngữ với : with, as well as, along with, together with , in addition to, accompanied by … động từ hoà hợp với chủ ngữ đầu tiên.
Ex: John, as well as my other classmates, passes the exam
d Sau chủ ngữ giả: “there”, động từ tuỳ vào chủ ngữ chủ ngữ gần : Ex: There is a desk in the room
There are at least several players the ball
e Danh từ tổng hợp: family, group, committee (uỷ ban), team, crowd, parliament (quốc hội), public (công chúng) Ex: The family have agreed among themselves to move to another town
The family is the basic unit of our society
f Chủ ngữ đại từ quan hệ “ who, which, that “ động từ hồ hợp với danh từ đứng trước đại từ đó Ex: She is one of the girls who are very kind
You are the person who is wanted by the police
14 REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật) Muốn đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu nĩi gián tiếp phải ý đến :
- Đại từ nhân xưng cần phải thay đổi cho phù hợp - Các trạng từ
Ḿn đởi câu nói từ Direct speech sang reported speech chúng ta phải tuân thủ nguyên tắc sau: 1.Xác định câu tường thuật loại
2.Sử dụng động từ tường thuật: say, tell, ask, promise, want, advice , agree, remind, invite, warn, answer,exclaim, suggest, reply, reflect, suppose, grunt, snarl, hiss, whisper(chú ý động từ thuật khứ ta hay đổi thì(lùi thì), đại từ cho phù hợp với chủ ngữ ban đầu,các trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn )ta phải chuyển cho phù hợp với bảng :
(73)You You Your yours Yourself ,yourselves
We Us Our ours ourselves
They Them Their theirs Themselves
Note : Nếu động từ tường thuật ta chỉ thay đởi đại từ 3.Ta bỏ dấu phẩy dấu ngoặc kép
4.Thay đổi động từ 5.Thay đởi ngơi, sớ đại từ
6.Thay đổi tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ phản thân 7.Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian
8.Thay đổi trạng từ nơi chốn Quy tắc đổi trạng từ : Thì
trạng từ Direct speech Reported speech
1 Thì
a Simple present : S + V (s / es)
b Present continuous: S + am / is /are + V-ing c Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed
d Past continuous: S + was / were + V-ing e Present perfect: S + have / has + V3/V-ed
f P Perfect continuous: S + have / has been + V-ing g Must / have to
h Can / May / Will / Shall
a Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed
b Past continuous: S + was/were + V-ing c Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed
d Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing e Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed
f Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing g Had to
h Could / Might / Would / Should Traïng
từ
a Now b Today c Tonight d Tomorrow e Yesterday f Last night g Ago h Here i This / These
a Then b That day c That night
d The next day / the following day e The day before
f The night before g Before
h There i That / Those A STATEMENTS (Câu phát biểu)
Ex 1 : “ She is going to America for six months” They say ( that) she is going to America for six months “ I went home early” She told me she had gone home early
Note: Nếu động từ tường thuật (say) động từ mệnh đề tường thuật thay đổi Nếu động từ tường thuật khứ (said / told) động từ mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi B QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi )
1 YES / NO questions
Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “ She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.
He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the day before
2 WH – QUESTIONS
Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?” He asked (me) what I had got in my bag He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “ He asked Mary when the next train was
C IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh) 1 AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)
Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days
2 NEGATIVE (Phủ định)
Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me He asked me not to wait
“ Never that again ,” she said to her son She told her son never to that
Các loại câu gián tiếp: A STATEMENTS
Ex 1 : “ She is going to America for six months” They say ( that) she is going to America for six months
(74)thì
Nếu động từ tường thuật khứ (said / told) động từ mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi
B QUESTIONS
1 YES / NO questions
Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “ She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.
He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the day before
2 WH – QUESTIONS
Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?” He asked (me) what I had got in my bag He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “ He asked Mary when the next train was
C IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh) 1 AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)
Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days
2 NEGATIVE (Phủ định)
Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me He asked me not to wait
“ Never that again ,” she said to her son She told her son never to that
C¸ch dïng kh¸c:
1 Let’s + V0 … // Why don’t we + V1 … // What about + Ving …
→ S + suggested + Ving ……
Ex: He said, “Let’s have a drink.” → He suggested having a drink
Timmy said, “ Why don’t we go on a picnic” → Timmy suggested going on a picnic
2 Why don’t you + V1 ……… ? // S + should + V0 …………
→ S + advised + O + to + V0
Ex: She said to him, “ Why don’t you go to the doctor?” → She advised him to go to the doctor
3 Yes, let’s → agree
No, let’s not → be against the idea Eg: “Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother
“Yes, let’s” said the son “No, let’s not” said the father
→ The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea
Các trờng hợp không đổi thì
a) động từ tờng thuật động từ
Ex: My mother says to me, “you are my little pet.” → My mother tells me that I am her little pet
b) Sù thËt hiĨn nhiªn
Ex: Galileo said, “ The earth goes around the sun.” → Galileo said (that) the earth goes around the sun
c) Thì khứ đơn nêu rõ thời gian cụ thể
Ex: Tom said to me, “ My grandfather died in 1990.” → Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990 d) Câu điều kiện loại 2,3 cấu trúc “used to”:
Ex: “ If I had much money, I would have travel around the world.” Said the boy → The boy said if he had much money he would travel around the world
15 RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES & TO-INFINITIVES
( Mệnh đề quan hệ thay phân từ động từ nguyên mẫu có TO )
1 Relative clauses replaced by participles (present and past participles)
a Present participles (Hiện phân từ): dùng động từ mệnh đề quan hệ dạng chủ động. Ex: a The boy who is playing the piano is Ben The boy playing the piano is Ben.
b We have a house which overlooks the park We have a house overlooking the park c The man who spoke to John is my brother The man speaking to John is my brother
b Past participles (Quá khứ phân từ): dùng động từ mệnh đề quan hệ dạng bị động. Ex: a They live in a house that was built in 1890 They live in a house built in 1890
b The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting The ideas presented in that book are interesting.
2 Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive phrases
(75)16 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME Ex: They were having dinner when we came last night.
Main clause Adverbial clause of time We have written to each other since we left high school. Main clause Adverbial clause of time As soon as he finishes his work, he goes home. Adverbial clause of time Main clause When I see him tomorrow, I’ll give him your address. Adverbial clause of time Main clause
The summary about sequence of tenses in the adverbial clauses of time:
Main clause Adverbial clause of time 1 Present simple/future simple
2 Present continuous 3 Present simple 4 Past simple 5 Past continuous 6 Past continuous 7 Past perfect 8 Past simple
Present simple Present continuous Present perfect Past simple Past continuous Past simple Past simple Past perfect
(76)80 Be acceptable to= chấp nhận 81 Be accustomed to = quen
82 Be afraid of = sợ
83 Be agreeable to= phù hợp 84 Be amazed at = ngạc nhiên 85 Be amused at = vui
86 Be angry at (sth) = giận việc gì 87 Be angry with (sb) = giận ai 88 Be ashamed of = hổ thẹn về 89 Be available for
90 Be aware of = nhận thức được 91 Be acquainted with = quen với 92 Be bored with = buồn, chán nản 93 Be busy with = bận roan 94 Be capable of = có thể 95 Be close to = gần 96 Be compared with = so với
97 Be convenient for = thuận tiện cho ai 98 Be concerned with = có liên quan 99 Be confident of = tin tưởng 100.Be contrary to = trái ngược (với) 101.Be covered with = bị che phủ 102.Be crowded with = đông đúc với 103.Be cruel to = độc ác với
104.Be delighted at = vui thích
107.Be disappointed with = thất vọng về 108.Be excited about = hào hứng 109.Be engaged to= đính với 110.Be familiar with = quen với 111.Be famous for = tiếng về 112.Be far from = xa với
113.Be fed up with= chán 114.Be fond of = thích
115.Be friendly with= thân thiện với 116.Be frightened of= Sơ
117.Be full of = no, đầy 118.Be good at = giỏi môn gì 119.Be good for = tốt cho
120.Be happy with = sung sướng về 121.Be harmful to= có hại
122.Be helpful to = có ích lợi cho 123.Be interesting in = thích 124.Be important to- quan trọng 125.Be jealous of = ganh tị về 126.Be kind to = tốt với ai 127.Be late for = trễ 128.Be lucky to = may mắn
129.Be looking forward to = trông chờ 130.Be made from = sx không thay
đổi chất liệu
lieäu
133.Be married to = kết hôn với 134.Be nice to = tốt với ai 135.Be open to = mở ra
136.Be pleased with = hài lòng với 137.Be pleasant to = cởi mở (với) 138.Be polite to = lễ phép 139.Be popular with = phổ biến
140.Be presented with = trao tặng với
141.Be proud of = tự hào về 142.Be rude to = thô lỗ với 143.Be rich in = giàu về 144.Be safe from
145.Be satisfied with = thoả mãn 146.Be scared of = e dè, sợ 147.Be similar to = tương tự với 148.Be successful in= Thành công 149.Be sure of = chắn 150.Be surprised at = ngạc nhiên 151.Be tired of = mệt mỏi, chán 152.Be useful for =hữu dụng để 153.Be worried about = lo lắng về 154.Be wrong with = said với B VERB + PREPOSITION
1 account for = nguyên nhân 2 add sth to sth = thêm vào gì 3 agree with = đồng ý
4 amount of = số lượng lớn
5 arrive at + nơi chốn = đến (nơi nhỏ, không tên)
6 arrive in + địa danh = đến (nơi lớn có tên riêng)
7 ask for = xin 8 be on = chiếu phim 9 base on = dựa vào 10 believe in = tin tưởng 11 blow away = đi
12 borrow sth from = mượn từ ai 13 break down = hỏng máy 14 break out = bùng nổ 15 bring back = mang trở lại
16 buy sth for someone:mua cho
17 care about = quan tâm về
18 hange sth into sth = đổi thành
19 check in = đăng kí
20 check up = kiểm tra, khám 21 clear up = làm sạch, dọn sạch 22 come back = trở về
23 come in = vaøo
24 compare with = so sánh với 25 complain about = than phiền về 26 cook meals for s.o: nấu bữa ăn cho ai 27 concentrate on = tập trung
28 consist of = bao gồm 29 cut down = đốn xuống 30 depend on = phụ thuộc vào 31 devide into = phân chia thành 32 devote to = cống hiến cho 33 die for = chết (ai) 34 die of = chết (bệnh) 35 end up = chấm dứt, kết thúc 36 even up = san bằng
37 fall down = rơi xuống
38 fall in love with s.o = yêu người
39 fill out = dieãn ra
40 find sth for s.o = tìm cho ai 41 find out = tìm ra
42 flow across = chảy ngang qua 43 fly to somewhere = bay đến đâu 44 follow someone to somewhere = theo
sau đến đâu
45 get out of = thoát khỏi, ra 46 get over = khắc phục 47 get up = thức dậy
48 give up = từ bỏ
49 glad to+V = vui mừng làm gì 50 go for a swim = bơi 51 go for a walk = tản bộ 52 go on = xảy ra, tiếp tục 53 go on a trip = du lịch 54 go on a vacation = nghỉ 55 go out
56 go up = gia tăng, lên 57 grow up
58 happen to = xaûy ra 59 hear about (of) = nghe veà
60 help someone with sth = giúp với 61 help sb out = giúp đỡ
62 hundred of = hàng trăm 63 insist on = nhấn mạnh
64 interact with = ảnh hưởng, tác dụng 65 join in = tham gia vào
66 keep s.o awake = làm thức giấc 67 keep someone away = tránh xa ai 68 knock on = gõ (cửa)
69 laugh at = choïc gheïo
(77)76 live on = sống nhờ vào
77 live with somebody = sống với ai 78 look after = chăm sóc
79 look at =nhìn ngắm 80 look for = tìm kiếm 81 look out = cẩn thận 82 look up = tra từ điển
83 look forward to = trông chờ ai, gì 84 love for = tình yêu dành cho
85 make sth for s.o: laøm, may cho
86 millions of = hàng trieäu
87 nice to +V = tốt, tuyệt để làm gì 88 object to = phản đối
89 open to = mở cửa cho 90 participate in = tham gia 91 pick someone up = rước ai 92 plenty of = nhiều, phong phú 93 prepare for = chuẩn bị cho 94 pull out = lôi ra
95 put into = đặt vào trong 96 put sth on = mặc vào
97 put out = làm tắt, dập tắt 98 put sth off = hoãn lại 99 queue up = xếp hàng
100. receive sth from someone = nhận từ
103. run off = chaûy
104. sell sth to s.o = bán cho ai 105. send sth to s.o = gửi cho ai 106. send sth from somewhere = gửi
cái từ đâu
107. separate sth from = tách ra 108. speak to someone = nói chuyện
với
109. spend + time (money) on= dùng thời gian (tiền vào)
110. succeed in = thành cơng 111. suck up = nịnh hót 112. suffer from = đau đớn 113. suitable for = thích hợp cho 114. sum up = tóm lại, tóm tắt 115. take off = cất cánh 116. take sth off = cởi ra
117. take sb out = đưa ngoài 118. take over = đảm nhận 119. take care of = chăm sóc 120. take after = Giống
121. take part in = tham gia vaøo 122. take s.o to somewhere = dẫn đi
đâu
123. talk about = nói gì 124. talk to/with = nói với ai
126. thanks for sth = cám ơn
127. thanks to sth/sb = nhờ có gì/ai 128. the number of = số lượng lớn 129. think about = nghĩ về
130. think of = nghĩ về 131. thousands of = hàng ngàn 132. try sth on = thử
133. turn off = tắt (máy) 134. turn on = mở (máy) 135. turn sth down 136. turn up = mở to lên 137. wait for = đợi cờ 138. wake up = thức dậy
139. walk along = dọc theo 140. walk into = vào 141. walk up = lên 142. wash up = rửa chén, giặt 143. wear out = tưa ra, rách ra 144. work for s.o = làm việc cho ai 145. work with s.o = làm việc với ai 146. worry about = lo lắng về 147. write for = viết cho báo 148. write to someone = viết cho ai 149. stay away from = tránh xa 150. stay up late = thức khuya 151. stay with sb = với ai C USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
1 Above all: hết 2 According to: Theo 3 At first: lúc đầu 4 At last : cuối cùng 5 At least: tối thiểu 6 At the moment: bây giờ 7 At once: lập tức 8 Out of work: thất nghiệp 9 Out of order: trật tự 10 Out of date: lỗi thời
11 for example: ví dụ như 12 In favour of: thiên về 13 In love: yêu 14 In a hurry: vội vã 15 In addition to: ra 16 In particular: đặc biệt là 17 Instead of: thay vì 18 In view of: xem xét 19 for instance: ví dụ như 20 On business: cơng tác
21 On duty: trực 22 On foot: (đi) bộ 23 On the contrary: trái lại 24 On the spot: lập tức 25 On the whole: nói chung 26 On holiday: nghỉ mát 27 On purpose: cố y 28 On a diet: ăn kiêng 29 On one’s own: mình 30 in the past: khứ
C * WH- QUESTIONS : Who, Where, Why, What, Whose, How, How many,How much,how long
how far, how often ,how deep,how old, what about, for what,what kind of …(music), which, which one, … Những từ ta gọi WH- Questions
WH- Questions+ 1.BE + S ?
2.DO/DOES/DID + S + V1?
3.AM/IS/ARE/WAS/WERE + S + V-ing ? 4.HAVE/HAS/ HAD + S + V-ed,3 ?
(78)Exercise Write the following sentences into indirect speech (Viết câu sau sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp)
Example: “I haven’t done my homework”, she says She says (that) she hasn’t done her home work.
“I haven’t got any money”, he tells me He tells me (that) he hasn’t got any money.
11 “I have seen the film before.”, she says 12 “I want to go home.”, he has told you 13 “ I haven’t meet my parents for years.”, he says 14 “ I don’t know how much it cost.”, he tells her 15 “I will come next year.”, he tell me 16 “I’m reading a book.” Simon says 17 I need some money to buy a book.” , Mary tell Peter 18 “I can’t come on Tuesday.” they have told me 19 “Mary will come soon”, john tells me 20 “We haven’t eaten anything” the children say Dạng 2: Lùi thì
Exercise Write the following sentences into indirect speech (Viết câu sau sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp)
Example: “My name is Lan”, she said “I am writing a letter”, he told me
1 “I am waiting for john.” She said “I don’t like the idea.”, he said “The car isn’t at my house.”, she told me “We have cleaned the room.”, they said “We are worried about Peter.”, they told me “I am going to the cinema.’, she said “I saw her today”, he said “I will see you tomorrow”, he told me “They were here three months ago.” he said 10 “We visited her this morning.”, they said 11 “My parents are arriving tomorrow.” she said 12 “I don’t like this film.” She said 13 “Peter and Mary are getting married tomorrow.” she said 14 “Daisy is doing her homework.” Mai said 15 “I met her three hours ago.” Tam told me 16 She said, “I can’t find my umbrella”
(79)33 “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend 34 She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.” 35 He said, “I have a toothache.” 36 She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.” 37 They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.” 38 He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.” 39 She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.” 40 He said, “I have received the envelope.” 41 They said, “We visited Cannery Row.” 42 She said, “I feel very sick.” 43 He said, “I bought some popcorn.” 44 They said, “We’re flying to California.” 45 He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.” 46 “My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said 47 “Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said 48 She said, “I often listen to music at night.” 49 Lan’s mother said, “My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.” 50 They said, “We have to the assignments now.” 51 Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.” 52 They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.” 53 Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.” 54 "Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow." Emily said 55 "I was writing a letter yesterday." Helen told me 56 "My father flew to Dallas last year." Robert told me 57 "Tim went to the stadium an hour ago." Lisa said 58 "My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend." Patricia said 59 "I am going to read a book this week." Michael said to me 60 "We will our best in the exams tomorrow." Jason and Victoria told me 61 "We didn't eat fish two days ago." Andrew remarked 62 "I spent all my pocket money on Monday." Alice said 63 "John had already gone at six." David said 64 "Mandy is at home." John said 65 "Frank often reads a book." Max told me 66 "I'm watching TV." Susan said to me 67 "I am going to ride a skateboard." Richard said to me 68 "We have cleaned the windows." Stephen and Claire said 69 "I didn't have time to my homework." Richard told me 70 "My mother will be 50 years old." Mrs Jones told me 71 Nam said “I am told to be at school before o’clock” 72 Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week” 73 Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks” 74 Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend” 75 The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”
Exercise 3: Write the following sentences into indirect speech “I’ll see you tomorrow”, she said He said “ I saw her on my way to school yesterday”, he said He said
3 He said, “I’ll leave here tomorrow” He said Mary told me, “I saw them at this place” Mary told “I met her about months ago”, he said He told me “I’m trying to listen to the music”, she said She said
(80)21 My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University.” 22 “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail,” said Tom
23 The teacher said, “ Some students don’t like homework.” 24 “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry 25 I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine.”
26 The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers.” 27 I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”
28 My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here.” 29 “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted 30 Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said “
I Make questions for the underlined words / phrases in the following sentences (Đặt câu hỏi với từ cụm từ gạch câu sau )Chú ý câu gạch gạch đặt câu hỏi câu Tom will captain the team if Nick isn’t available
(81)- My sister is a teacher
- The meeting lasted five hours
- We prefer pop music to classical
- There are about 200 to 350 people at the concert every day
- - 7 I passed Tom’s house early in the morning
- - The concert last night was great
- We take a holiday once a year
- 10 My address is 305 Lê L ợ i Street
- 11 The film “Harry Potter” is on at 8: 00
- 12 I’m going to play table tennis this morning
- 13 She lives downstairs
- 14 They bought new fishing rods yesterday
- 15 He worked with deaf – mutes
- 16 My sister speaks English fluently
- 17 I often go shopping once a week
- 18 I have studied E for years
- 19 He was absent from school because he felt sick
- 20 Mr Dawson enjoys swimming
- 21 She’s got three sisters and a brother
- 22 I spend my free time reading and listening to music
- 23 I’m staying in a hotel in town
(82)25 She stays home and watches T.V every evening
- 26 She gets up at six o’clock
- 27 I’ll send my brother the books next week
- - 28 My sister gave me a gift for my birthday
- - 29 She was cooking in the kitchen
- 30 He’s told her classmate the news
- 31 Nobody put this pen here
- - 32 My sister broke these glasses but someone brought it
- 33 She’s never been to London for years
- - 34 She’s got three children
- 35 Nam and me sometimes go to the zoo
- - 36 I like pop music very much
- - 37 I arrived last night
- 38 I’m learning English b/c I want to get a new job
- 39 I’ve got three sisters and a brother
- 40 I spend my free time reading and listening to music
- 41/ My sister is thirty years
- 42/ it is about 4km from here to Ho Chi Minh city?
- 43/he is going to DL tomorrow
(83)- 46/ My brother’s Mary is an artist
- 47/He goes out for a walk to relax
- 48/ Linda want to go to work on foot
- 49/ That book is Mark’s
- 50/ Those shirts are yellow
- 51/ she always does two exercises every morning
- 52/ There is a pen on the table
- - 53/ It’s me
- 54/ I was born in 1993
- 55/ Tom was at the park yesterday
- 56/ My uncle went to Hanoi by bus last week
- 57/ It is hot in summer
- 58/ Miss Young has dinner at 6:30 p.m
- 59/ there are 45 pupils in my class
- 60/ I was at home yesterday b/c I was bad ill
- 61/ It’s an eraser
- 62/ My father enjoys listening to classical music
- 63/ Lan left Binh Thanh last Monday
- 64/ I am late for school because I miss the bus
- 65/ I will my homework tonight
- 66/ Nam and my younger sister want to talk to me
(84)68/ I’m a student
- 69/ I spent the evening playing chess last night
- - 70.I often listen to music whenever I have free time
- 71 Tom has bought this watch for years
- - 72 She’s going to Britain to study English
- 73 They will hold the meeting next week
- 74 He’ll send me the books next week
- - 75 My sister sent me a gift for my birthday
- 76 He handed me a magazine
- 77 That teacher taught me grammar last month
- 78 Mary showed me the photographs
- 79 I showed Peter the picture
- 80 Rock began in the USA in the early 1950’s
- 81/ The teacher is explaining the lesson
82/ My sister wants to be an artist
- 83/ The cat is under the table
- 84/ These shoes are his
- 85/ She phones her parents twice a week
- 86/ Mr Robertson came to the party alone
- 87/ I like the red blouse(áo choàng), not the blue one
- 88/ She felt better after she took a nap(giấc ngủ chợp)
(85)- 91/ They are coming to visit tomorrow
- 92/ The man with the white hat is my brother
- 93/ I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late
- 94/ We have an English class every day
- 95/ They like to dance on weekends
- 96/ The club is not far from their house
- 97/ Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz
- 98/ They are singing popular songs
- 99/ The train arrived at ten o’clock
- 100/ She was doing her assignment when he came
- 101/ This book is 30,000 dong
- 102/ They are playing catch in the school yard
- 103/ Children should brush their teeth after meals
- 104/ It takes me twenty minutes to go to school by bus
- 105/ I would like some orange juice
- 106/ This box over there is Miss young
- 107/ Liz will send these letters to her friends
- 108/ Sally joined the Star Sports Club in 1995
- 109/ At the Sorbonne, she studied very well
- 110/ After lunch Mr Lam immediately goes to work
- 111 Alexander Graham Bell invited the telephone
- 112 Marie Curie was born in Poland
(86)114 They plant and water trees along the streets on weekends
- 115 The film will begin at 7: 30
- II Fill in the blanks with Who, Where, Why, What, Whose, How, How many, …
1/ - old are your sister?
2/ - far is it from here to Ho Chi Minh city? 3/ -is he going ?
4/ -is your aunt talking to ? 5/ - about you?
6/ -is his family name?
7/ -don’t we go out for a walk ?
8/ - does your sister want to go on foot? 9/ -book is that ?
10/ -color are those shirts?
11/ -does she in the morning ? 12/ - is singing in the room ? 13/ - is that? Is she Mary? 14/ - were you born ? 15/ - was Tom yesterday?
16/ - does your brothers go to school? By bus 17/ -is the weather like in summer?
18/ -do you go to school? At six thirty
19/ - people are there in your class? – There are 45 20/ - things are there in your living room?
22/ - is your family name? It’s Nguyen 23/ - you live ?
24/ - you live with? – My father
25/ - are you late? – Because I miss the bus
26/ - will you tonight? – I will my homework 27/ - will go camping next Sunday? Nam and Quang will 28/ - will your father travel to Hanoi? He will travel next week 29/ - you do? – I’m a student
30/ - is this? – It’s me
III Join a sentence from A with one from B to make a new sentence Use WHICH A B 1.Tam failed in the final exam
2 She won the Maths contest His mother died this morning Mai couldn’t join us
5 Our telephone is out of order She gave us a lift
a This was bad news
b this means that we can’t contact you in a few days c this made his parents very sad
d this was very kind of her e this was a pity
(87)2 I was at school with the man I’d like to speak to the person The police haven’t found the man There’s some cheese in the fridge We’ve got some light bulbs
7 This is the switch
8 She’s got friendly with a boy
B He stole the car C It’s working D They last for years
E He / She deals with export F He is driving that taxi G It sells good coffee H It needs to be eaten IV Fill each blank with WHO or WHICH :
7 The people -live downstairs are Irish
8 The shop - sells that good bread is closed today The dictionary -I bought yesterday isn’t very good 10 Do you know the girls -are standing by the window ? 11 I can’t find the key -opens the window
12 the police are looking for three men -robbed the National Bank yesterday V Combine each pair of sentences into one using WHO or WHICH :
1 The cup of coffee is on the table You wanted it -
6 I’d like to speak to the person She wrote this poem -
7 The child was ill She didn’t come to the party - The letter is for me You saw it
-
9 Can you pick up the papers ? They are lying on the floor -
10 Yesterday I met a man He works with your brother -
6 My phone is out of order A It means he can’t get about very easily -7 Rachel’s mother paid for the meal B This was good for the garden -8 My brother is disabled C It’s made her very depressed
-9 You left the key in the car D That was very kind of her
-10 Vicky didn’t get the job E This surprised everybody
-11 The police blocked off the road F That seemed to amuse everyone -12 It rained all night G That was rather careless of you -13 I bought a cell phone I can use it to send and receive e- mail
(88)-16 Now, there are psychologists They help technophobes use technology
-17 A lot of people suffer from technostress Those people work in my office
-18 Some people dream of a job They can the job without technology
-19 My stereo doesn’t work today It worked yesterday
-20 The man is a computer expert You were talking to him
-21 Some documents have been found They were stolen from a car
-22 Dr Michelle Weil wrote a book about “technostress ” She is a psychologists
-23 He works for a computer magazine The magazine is very popular in Mexico
-24 Marta has a brother Her brother’s name is Manuel
-25 You sent me a present Thank you very much for it
-26 Romeo and Juliet were lovers Their parents hated each other
-27 This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last week
-28 I was sitting in a chair It suddenly collapsed
-29 This is the story of a man His wife suddenly loses her memory
-30 Charlie died in 1977 His films amused millions of people in the world
-31 Please post these letters I wrote them this morning
-32 The building is the church Its tower can be seen from afar
-33 Mai and Linh are twins (song sinh) You meet them yesterday
-34 I’ll introduce you to the man His support is necessary for your project
-35 The students will surely be successful in their exam The students study seriously and methodically
-36 Mary has won an Oscar I know her sister
-37 Is this the style of hair? Your wife wanted to have it
(89)- 40 The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel Their house had been destroyed in the explosion
-41 He introduced me to his students Most of them were from abroad
-42 A man answered the phone He said Tom was out
-431 Ann is very friendly She lives next door
………
44 The man is a famous actor You met him at the party last night ………
45 There are some words They are very difficult to translate ………
46 The sun provides us with head and light It is one of millions stars in the universe ………
47 Students will be punished Their homework is late ………
48 I was looking for a book this morning I’ve found it now ………
49 Is that the car? You want to buy it ………
50 Sandra works in advertising You were talking to her ………
51 Lake Prespas is a lonely beautiful lake It’s on the north Greek border ………
52 The little girl ate sweets the whole way She sat next to me on the coach ………
53 Is Zedco a company? It was taken over last year ………
54 Felix Reeve is a journalist His tape recorder was stolen ………
56 This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds It was damaged during the car ………
57 I don’t know the name of the woman I spoke to her on the phone ………
58 We often go to visit our friends in Bristol It is only 30 miles away ………
59 This is Mr Carter I was telling you about him ………
60 They’ve captured all the animals They escaped from the zoo ………
61 A scientist has won the Nobel Prize He discovered a new planet ………
(90)64 This is Mr John He is a good teacher ………
65 I bought a car yesterday My father drove it to the town ………
Choose the right alternative
1 I gave her all the money that/ what I had
2 Mrs Bond is going to spend a few weeks in Sweden, which/ where her daughter lives We stayed at the Grand Hotel, where/ which Ann recommended to us
4 The teacher with whom/ who we studied last year no longer teaches in our school The shop didn’t have that/ what I want
6 Do you still remember the day when/ that we first met?
7 Dr Fleming, who/ whose discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945 Round the corner was a building which/ whose windows were broken
9 The hotel where/ which we stayed in wasn’t very clean
10 Fortunately we had a map, without that/ which we would have got lost
VI Complete the sentences Put the verbs into the correct form.( Supply the correct form or tenses of the words in the brackets) :Hoàn thành câu sau Chia động từ ngoặc dạng hoặc :
66 He bought Vietnamese – English dictionary and - (give) it to me 67 The coffee was alright, but the cream - (be) sour
68 He has a piano and a violin, but he - (not have) a flute 69 He says that he - (arrive) on time yesterday
70 She says that she - (arrive) on time tomorrow 71 I think that Victor - (be) late
72 He said that he - (graduate) from University in 1991 73 We thought they - (move) to California
74 The teacher said that water - (consist) of hydrogen and oxygen 75 I - (be) there when you arrive
76 They were still waiting when I - (get) there 77 He has worked very hard since he - (be) here 78 We had just come in when you - (call)
79 We have already gone before you - (get) back 80 We decided to go home because it - (be) very late 81 We have been very busy while they - (be) here 82 I haven’t seen him since he -(arrive)
83 The teacher gave us so many assignments, that we - (can not) go to the concert 84 It was such a beautiful day that I - (feel) like talking a walk
85 He works on Sunday so that he - (can) earn enough money to pay his tuition 86 Did he pay soccer when he - (be) in college?
87 We have bought a car so that we - (have) transportation to work 88 I’ll continue practicing (practising) -until I - (know) the lesson 89 He is happy although he - (be) poor
90 He’ll have been studying for four months by the time he - (take) his examination 91 He come as often as he - (can)
(91)95 She has already telephoned the people who - (come) tomorrow
96 The girl (that, whom) you - (tell) me about yesterday is waiting for you downstairs 97 I’ll never forget the kindness (that) you - (show) me
98 He is the Frenchman (whom, that) I - (tell) you about 99 Are they the Italians who - (own) this store?
100 Bread and butter was all (that) he - (ask) for 101 It was the Smiths who - (call) you
102 She left her home last week and nobody - (see) her since 103 The video film is so interesting that I - (see) it twice
104 The video film was so interesting that I - (see) it twice 105 It is the first I - (meet) him here
106 It is the first they - (ever meet)
107 It was at the age of 14 that Jack London - (leave) school and - (become) a sailor 108 John (live) - in Miami for one year when his parents came to visit
109 Tom (wait) -for one hour before the bus came 110 We corrected our papers after we (take) - the quiz 46/ Trees -(grow) more quickly in summer than in winter
47/ “Shall I phone at 6:00?” No, I -(normally/ cook) dinner at that time 48/ We usually -(get) up at about 6:30 Couldn’t you come an hour later? 49/ In 1788, he -(write) his last great work in Vienna
50/ She -(arrive) at Kennedy Airport at o’clock this morning 51/ I refuse to believe that he -(not, know) the car was stolen
52/ “How are you getting on with the book?” At the moment, I -(read) chapter four 53/ My mother -(lock) all the doors and windows before she goes to bed
54/ I -(throw) away most of my old books when I moved house 55/ Scientist -(make) some fundamental discoveries in the 18th century 56/ Alice -(see) her mother in London most weekends
57/ Hoa -(have) a lot of friends in Hue 58/ Linda -(brush) her teeth after meals 59/ Phong -(watch) T.V every night
60/ I -(be ) rich someday
61/ What you -(do) now? – I -(grow) some flowers 62/ Ba can -(fix) the lights
63/ I -(take) the book back to the library when I -(read ) it
64/ Two days ago I -(meet ) an old friend Who I -(not ,see) for years 65/ When the students -(do) the experiments, they -(write ) a report on it Put the verbs in the past perfect or past simple:
66 I went to the box office at lunch time , but they -(ready / sell ) all the tickets 67.I felt very tired when I got home , so I -(go)_straight to bed
68 I felt better by the summer, but the doctor warned me not to too much I -(be) very ill 69 As last the committee were ready to announce their decision They - (make) up their mind 70 “Was Tom at the party when you arrived ?” “No , he -(go) home
71 Sorry I’m late The car -(break) down on my way here 72.I -(take) the book back to the library when I -(read) it
(92)night before , so I -(phone) him
76 Last night , I -(go) to Jim’s house and -(knock) on the door but there -(be) no answer Either he -(go) out or he -(not want) to see anyone
77 Anne asked me how to use the photocopies ,She (never / use) it before , so She -(not / know) what to
78 Two days ago I -(meet) an old friend who I -(not see) for years
79 Daisy - (not, want) to come to the cinema with us because she -(already / see) the film 80 When the students -(do) the experiment , they -(write) a report on it 81 Trees - more quickly in summer than in winter (grow)
82 “Shall I phone at 6:00?” “No, I - dinner at that time (normally/cook) 83 We - at about 7:00 Couldn’t you come an hour later? (usually/get up) 84 In 1788 he - his last great work in Vienna (write)
85 She - at Kennedy Airport at o’clock this morning (arrive) 86 I refuse to believe that he - the car was stolen (not know)
87 “How are you getting on with the book?” “At the moment I - chapter four (read) 88 My mother - all the door and windows before she goes to bed (lock)
89 I - away most of my old books when I moved house (throw)
90 Scientists - some fundamental discoveries in the 18th century (make) 91 Alice - her mother in London most weekends (see)
92 “What that terrible noise?” “The neighbors - a party” (have)
93 At the star of his career, Cousteau - the aqualung, opening the oceans to explorers, scientists, and leisure divers (invent)
94 - durian when you lived in Malaysia? (ever/eat)
95 Both ancient and recent records show that farmers - long hours (work) 96 I was lonely at first, but after a time I got used to (live) - alone
97 She remembered parts of her childhood quite clearly She remembers(go) - to school the first time and (be) -frightened and (put) - her finger in her mouth She remembers her teacher (tell) - her (take) - it out
98 Did you remember (lock) -the car ? – No ,I didn’t I’d better (go) - back and (do) -it now
99 We stopped once (buy) -petrol and then we stooped again (ask) -someone the way 100 When I caught them cheating me, I stopped( buy) -petrol there and (deal) -with your station instead
101 I tried (convince) - him that I was perfectly capable of (manage) - on my way, but he insisted on (help) - me
102 Your hair needs (cut) -.You’d better have it (do) - tomorrow
103 I always try (come) -in quietly but they always hear me (go) -upstairs It’s impossible (climb) -an old wooden stair case at night without (make) -noise
104 They don’t allow (smoke) -in the auditorium, they don’t want (risk) -(set ) -it on fire
105 Would you like me (turn) -down the radio a bit ? No, it’s all right I’m used to (work) -with the radio on
(93)
108 I’m delighted (hear) -that you can (come) -on Sunday We are all looking forward to (see) - you Remember ( bring) - your rubber boots
109 Tom suggested (take) -me one flat and (keep) - the other for me But Peter advised me (sell ) - the whole house
110 They let us (park) -motor here but they don’t allow us (park) - cars
111 If you want the milkman (leave) - you milk in the morning , don’t forget (put) -a milk bottle outside
112 The inspector asked (see) -my ticket and when I wasn’t able (find) - it ,he made me (buy) - another
113 My mother advised me (read) - this novel 114 Does she want (become) -a singer?
115 The teacher recommends (prepare) -the lessons well before (come) to class 116 Can you help me (find) -my mistakes ?
117 They didn’t permit (camp) -in the wood 118 Nothing will make me (change) -my mind
119 Parents often recommend their children ( not, drink) -too much
12 The lord had the gardener (plant) -trees (get) - shadow 121 She was afraid (tell) -her parents the truth
122 This evening I have arranged (go) -to theatres 123 She doesn’t like people (shout ) -at him
124 Finally he admitted (steal ) -his wife’s jewelries and (spend) -all the money in gambling
125 Does the city government intend (do) -anything about pollution? 126 I hope (have) - a job
127 Try to avoid (make) - him angry 128 He thinks of (leave) -his job 129 Please let me (know) -your decision 130 It’s no use (wait) -
131 I have ( see) - a child ( cry ) - 132 Gravity makes water ( run ) - downhill
133 Gravity keeps the moon (travel) - around the earth instead of (shoot) - off into space 134 It’d difficult (get ) -used to ( eat) - with chopsticks
135 Stop (argue) -and start ( work ) - 136 I used ( smoke) -40 cigarettes a day 137 I’d like (have) - a look at your new car 138 I’m looking forward to (see) - you 139 He warned her (not, touch ) - the wire
140 Would you mind (show) -me how (work) the lift ?
141 If you go on ( let) -the dog (run) -after cars, he’ll end by ( be) - run over 142 Do stop (talk) -, I’m trying (finish) -a letter
143 Ask him ( come) -in Don’t keep him ( stand) -at the door
144 There are people who can’t help ( laugh) - when they see someone ( slip) -on a banana skin 145 I’m sorry (disappoint ) -you
(94)3.We’ve known each other -(since/ for / in) I was a child
4 Lan -(be) in London - (since/ for / in) Monday.
5.My father worked for that factory (since/ for / in/ ago) ten weeks -. 6 “What that terrible noise?” “The neighbors - a party” (have)
7.You - durian when you lived in Malaysia? (ever/eat)
8 Both ancient and recent records show that farmer - long hours (work). 9.My friend -(stay)with me -(since/ for / in) last week
10.they -(get)married two months -(since/ for / ago). 11.I -(not, meet) Tom -(since/ for / in) he left the city
12.I’ve been to Dalat with Daisy -(since/ for / in) she arrived at the station 13.They -(play) football -(since/ for / in) p m
14.I -(know) her -(since/ for / in) we were at the secondary school 15 Miss Lan -(not , write) ,to her parents -(since/ for / in) May 16 I refuse to believe that he - the car was stolen (not, know)
17 “How are you getting on with the book?” “At the moment I - chapter four (read) 18 I - away most of my old books when I moved house (throw)
19 This house -(build) ten years ago
20 “What that terrible noise?” “The neighbors - a party” (have)
IX Put an accent mark on the main stressed syllable of the following words.
1 again always arrive badminton holiday
6 geography interesting mountain because 10 music
11 camping 12 picnic 13 favorite 14 summer country
16 tomorrow 17 different 18 travel 19 excited 20 visit
21 fasten 22 harrow 23 typical 24 announce 25 origin
26 semester 27 profession 28 marital 29 corner 30 rigade
X Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first 1.John is fat because he eats so many chips
If ……… Peter’s parents gave him a computer for his birthday Peter ……… It was such bad news that Helen burst into tears
The news ……… The story is very long You can’t read it in an hour
The story is too ……… She doesn’t have a bike so she has to walk to school
If ……… The children liked to walk in the rain
The children enjoyed ……… My grandmother is very old She can’t work now
My grandmother is too ……… The question was so difficult that no one could it
(95)She thinks it is ……… 12 Who does this pen belong to ?
Whose ……… 13 Peter is taller than Pike
Pike ……… 14 His parents advised him to study hard for his exams He was ……… 15 They have just stolen his car
His car ……… 16 The watch is too expensive for her to buy
She hasn’t ……… 17 We learned this after a long time
It took ……… 18 I regretted asking her to lend me money
I wish ……… 19 The flight to London lasted three and a half hours I took ……… 20.I would like you to help me to put the chairs away
Would you mind ……… 21.They will have to change the date of the meeting
The date ……… 22 The water was so cold that the children could not drink it The water was not ……… 23 The garage is going to repair the car for us next week We are going ……… 24 Peter is too young to see the horror film
Peter is not ……… 25 What’s your date of birth?
When ……… 26 He drives badly
He is ……… 27 Dan Truong is a good singer
He sings ……… 28 I last saw her two years ago
I have not ……… 29 Tom spent five hours getting to Paris
It took ……… 30 The last time I was in London in 2006
I haven’t ……… 31.Susan is better at English than Daisy
Daisy isn’t ……… 32 Janet is the best tennis player in the club
No one in the club ……… 33 I can’t cook as well as my mother does
(96)35 Susan began keeping a dairy years ago
She’s ……… 36 She cook very well
She is ……… 37 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Daisy?” asked Tom Tom asked ……… 38 He drove so fast that he could arrive in the town before He drove fast enough ………
39 The room has four windows, but it isn’t bright enough for you to read books Although ………
40 The boy isn’t old enough, so he can’t join our trip If ……… 41 Bill is using the computer at the moment
The computer ……… 42 It’s a pity I can’t play the guitar well
I wish ………XI/19/BTAV9 43 My mother spent three hours making a dress
It took……… 44 We haven’t been to the concert for over a year
The last time ……… 45 Reading newspapers in the morning gives him pleasure He enjoys……… 46 We last saw our grandfather two years ago
We haven’t ……… 47 You can make payment at any post office
Payment ……… 48 The president presented the trophy to the winner The trophy ……… 49 I have never read such a romantic story
This is ……… 50 He would go hunting when he was in Africa
He used ……… 51 His dog is called Tony
He ……… 52 It’s nearly twenty years since my father saw my uncle My father ……… 53 It’s a pity I don’t have a computer
I wish ……… 54 They are going to build a supermarket in my neighborhood A supermarket ……… 55 The last time we went to a cinema was two years ago We haven’t ………
(97)He ……… 59 I regretted not telling him what happened last night I wish ……… 60 I wish I could speak E fluently
It’s a ……… 61 He hasn’t been back to his village for over 20 years It’s ……… 62 I sorry I’m not able to go with you
I wish………
63 Spending the weekend in the countryside is very interesting It’s ………
64 Why don’t we go to the countryside?
I suggested………
65 Practise speaking E every day or you can’t improve your English If ………
66 She’s very pleased to going away on holiday soon
She’s looking ……… 67 Do you learning a foreign language?
Are you ……… 68 The boy is sorry he doesn’t have his teacher’s address The boy wishes ……… 69 This city had old buildings, but none can be found nowadays There used ……… 70 “Where you live?” Mary said to me
Mary told me ……… 71 “I’m very busy I’ll ring you tomorrow ” Susan said to me Susan ………
72 “ Can you speak any foreign languages ? ” Henry said to me Henry ………
73 “ Don’t shout” I said to Jim
I ……… 74 The last time we saw him was on Monday We ……… 75 “Can you speak Vietnamese, Maryam?” Nga asked Nga asked ……… 76 “Why don’t we go to the country side this weekend?” Minh suggested ……… 77 I would rather watch TV than go to the cinema
I prefer ………
78 “ Where will you spend your vacation next year?” Liz said to us Liz asked us ………
79 It rained so heavily that they decided to cancel the match So heavily ……… 80 I can what I want and you can’t stop me
(98)82 My father said I could use his car
My father allowed ……… 83 It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour
It’s better to avoid ……… 84 Micheal laughed when I told him the joke
The joke ……… 85 Don’t stop him doing what he wants
Let ……… 86 We like to lie on the beach all day
We enjoy ……… 87 Do you fancy going to for a walk?
Would you like ……… 88 I wish I hadn’t taken your advise
I regret ……… 89 Seeing Nelson Mandela will always stay in my memory I’ll never forget ……… 90 It was difficult for me to stop laughing at Linda’s letter I couldn’t help ……… 91 Shall I phone you this evening ?
Do you want ……… 92 It will be good to see them again
I’m looking ……… 93 I’d prefer not to go out tonight
I’d rather ……… 94 You’d better put you money in the bank ,Jack
I advised ……… 95 A man has gone to prison He shot two policemen
A man who ……… 96 Despite their poverty, the children seemed very happy Although ……… 97 Whose car is it ?
Who ……… 98 “Did someone ring you an hour ago, Nancy ?” said Martin Martin asked ……… 100 It snowed heavily, so we couldn’t arrive home early
The snow was so ………Page 95 101.I don’t play tennis now
I used - 102 I no longer live alone
I used -
103 Parents help with the cookery classes and this gives the teachers a rest
(99)She has - 107.He doesn’t play tennis any longer
He used - 108 John has invited us to his party tonight
We - 109 Sarah got lost and this made her parents very worried
Sarah got lost , - 110 The car is parked outside It belong to Susan
The car - 111 the girl we’ve talked to will make a speech tomorrow
We’ve talked to the girl - 112 Our meeting is tomorrow
We are - 113 Look at those black clouds ! There’s no rain on the way
Look at those black clouds ! it’s - 114 I haven’t seen her for a long time
It’s a long time - 115 The suitcase isn’t light enough for me to carry
I can’t carry - 116 Although it was raining heavily , we went out
Despite - 117 It started to rain , so we stopped playing tennis
We - 118 Tom is still working
Tom hasn’t - 119 We have been studying English since 2006
We - 120 Please get me that book on the top shelf
Would you mind - 121 He is tall He can play volleyball
He is tall enough - P115 122 The earthquake hit the city at two in the morning
The city - 123 It was such lovely weather that we decided to spend the day on the beach The weather - 124 I haven’t got a key, so I can’t get in (p.120)
If - 125 Nobody must expect to be rich without hard work
Unless - 126 I’m too poor to take a space trip[
I’m not - 127 She was tired, but she stayed up late to watch the late film on T.V Although - 128 Since he was careless, Tim lost his job
(100)130 We can’t take a trip to space because we don’t have enough money If we - 131 The astronauts orbits the earth in two hours
It took - 132 You should take exercise regularly because that’s the way to get fit P.141 If you - 133 I can’t look the word up because I haven’t got a dictionary
If I - 134 I was sick yesterday, so I go to class
If I - 135 David has so many accidents because he’s so clumsy
If David - 136 I’m quite tall but you are taller p 143
I’m not - 137 My salary is high but yours is higher
My salary isn’t - 138 You know a bit about cars but I know more
You don’t - 139 It’s still cold but it was colder yesterday
It isn’t - 140 I still feel a bit tired but I felt a lot more tired yesterday
I don’t - 141 They’ve lived here for quite a long time but we’ve lived here longer They’ve not - 142 It was a bit nervous before the interview but usually I’m a lot more nervous I wasn’t - 143 Henry is rich but Shirley is a lot richer
Henry isn’t - 144 I don’t know many people but ’he knows more people
I don’t know - 145 This flat is big but our old one was bigger
This flat - 146 Children can’t go in if they are not with an adult
Unless - 147 If you don’t give me my money I’m going to the police Unless - 148 If you are not over 15 , you can’t see this film
Unless - 149 You can’t park here if you don’t live in this street
Unless - 150 We usually go for a walk after supper if there isn’t a good film on T.V Unless -
FUTHER EXERCISES FOR REPORTED SPEECH
(101)14 My teacher said, “ I think you should take another English course” My teacher advised me ………
15 Mrs Brown said, “You may use the phone” Mrs Brown permitted me ………
16 The doctor said, “Take a deep breath”
The doctor told the patient ……… 17 My mother said, “Make an appointment with the dentist” My mother reminded me ………
18 My friend said, “I think you should take a long vacation” My friend encouraged me ………
19 The Smiths said, “Would you like to come to our house for dinner?” The Smiths invited us ………
20 My friend said, “You should see a doctor about the pain in your knee” My friend advised me ………
21 The judge said, “ You must pay a fine of fifty dollars” The judge ordered Mr Silverman ………
22 Bill said, “Don’t touch the hot pot”
Bill warned me not ……… 23 Sue said, Don’t buy a used car”
Sue advised me not ……… 24 Mr Gray said, “Don’t play in the street”
Mr Gray warned the children not ………
XII Put the following Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech: 20 The teacher said to Richard, “Write the exercise carefully”
21 “Don’t worry about the examination, Anna,” said her friend 22 He said to me, “Write your name on the board before you leave” 23 “Turn left at the corner and drive two blocks.” The man directed 24 “Please, please don’t anything dangerous,” said his teacher 25 “Don’t take anything with you to my party,” said my friend
26 The teacher said to his students, “Look your answers through and be careful about spelling mistakes”
27 “Underline all the mistakes before you give the papers to me,” the teacher said to her students 28 “Please, please keep away that tree before it can fall down.” The old man said to the children 29 “Don’t forget what I have told you, Karen said to me”
XIII Put the following statements into Indirect Speech:
1 My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University” “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail”, said Tom
3 The teacher said, “Some students don’t like homework” “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine”
6 The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers” I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”
(102)22 He said me, “Is playing tennis one of your hobbies?”
23 “How long have you worked as a tourist guide?” I asked my friend 24 The little boy said to his father, “Why does a policeman wear a uniform?” 25 “What happened to you last Sunday?” we asked James
26 He asked me, “Where have you been for the last weeks?” 27 “Is the person you told me last night?” I asked her
28 “Was the village completely destroyed by the tsunami?” he asked the villager 29 “Did you enjoy the Christmas night?” Lindsay asked Jack
30 “Do you feel regretful for what you have done for me?” my friend asked me XV Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
21 “I’m terribly sorry I have broken a vase”, he said to his mother 22 “Why don’t you sell your old house?” my friend said to me
23 “Thank for your kindness of letting us stay with you” said the man
24 “I hear that you have won the game spectacularly Congratulation, ”Anna said 25 “Shall we go to a fashion show this weekend” said Lisa
26 “Let’s not mention this problem again,” the old man said 27 “I often you a ticket for the play,” he insisted
28 “It will be a good idea to have a dinner at the riverside restaurant,” said my boyfriend 29 “I didn’t tell him about your plan I didn’t that,” said Erick
30 “I don’t like being criticized by non-professionals,” said movie star XVI Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
21 “Would you like to have coffee with me?” John said to his workmate 22 “Why don’t you decorate your house?” my friend said to me
23 “If I were you I would revise for that exam,” said the tutor 24 “I’ll help you with this homework,” my brother said
25 “Would you sign the contract?” the secretary said to me 26 “You should take medicine for your cold.” Said my aunt
27 “If I were you, I wouldn’t accept the job offer”, my sister said to me
28 “Don’t park in this area There is a No parking sign,” Mr Browns said to his son 29 “I would like to become a computer programmer,” Jonas said
30 “I meet the student representatives,” said the rector XVII Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
19 “If Claire continues to work hard, she will pass the exams easily,” he said 20 My friend said, “If I had more money, I’d take a trip around the world” 21 Lucy said, “If I knew your teacher’s name, I’d send her a card”
22 George said, “If the film had won an Oscar, it would have become famous”
23 Clarence said to me, “If you had gone to my brother’s graduation party you would have met Mary” 24 “If Jack were honest, he would return the money,” said the teacher
25 “If we had been announced about the bad weather, we would have canceled our trip,” said the Browns
26 “If the technology weren’t available, we wouldn’t expand our business,” said the manager 27 “If she finds out the truth, she’ll be very furious, said Vivian”
(103)Muốn chuyển từ câu tường thuật trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta thực bước sau : Direct and reported speech (lời nói trực tiếp lời tường thuật)
Chúng ta sử dụng lời nói trực tiếp lập lại nguyên văn lời nói người
Chúng ta sử dụng lời nói gián tiếp dùng từ ngữ để tường thuật lại điều người nói Lời nói trực tiếp gọi Direct speech
Lời nói gián tiếp gọi Indirect speech Reported speech
Muốn đổi câu nói từ Direct speech sang reported speech chúng ta phải tuân thủ nguyên tắc sau: 1.Xác định câu tường thuật loại
2.Sử dụng động từ tường thuật: say, tell, ask, promise, want, advice , agree, remind, invite, warn,
answer,exclaim, suggest, reply, reflect, suppose, grunt, snarl, hiss, whisper(chú ý động từ thuật khứ ta hay đổi thì(lùi thì), đại từ cho phù hợp với chủ ngữ ban đầu,các trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn )ta phải chuyễn cho phù hợp với bảng :
Đại từ chủ từ Đại từ túc từ Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ phản thân
I Me My mine myself
He him His his himself
She Her Her hers herself
You You Your yours Yourself ,yourselves
We Us Our ours ourselves
They Them Their theirs Themselves
Có thể ta dùng phương pháp chuyễn đại từ khác sau : I → he she
Me → him, her My → his her Mine → his hers
Myself → himself, herself You → he ,she
You → him, her your → his ,her Yours → his , hers
Yourself → himself, herself We → they
Us → them Our → their Ours → theirs Ourselves → themselves
Note : Nếu động từ tường thuật ta chỉ thay đổi đại từ 3.Ta bỏ dấu phẩy dấu ngoặc kép
4.Thay đổi động từ 5.Thay đổi ngôi, số đại từ
6.Thay đổi tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ phản thân 7.Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian
8.Thay đổi trạng từ nơi chốn
*Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian cần lưu ý:
Trạng từ thời gian sử dụng Direct speech biến đổi thành trạng từ khác phù hợp với Reported speech
Direct speech reported speech
Today (hôm nay)
(104)Last week (tuần rồi) Last month (tháng rồi) Last year (năm rồi) Tomorrow (ngày mai) Next week (tuần tới) Next month (tháng tới) next year (năm tời) now (bây giờ, giờ) ago (trước đây)
an hour ago (cách giờ) here (ở đây)
this these
The week before/ the previous week (tuần trước đó) The month before/ the previous month (tháng trước đó) The year before/ the previous year (năm trước đó)
The next day/ the following day (ngày hôm sau),the day after The following week/the week after (tuần sau đó)
The following month/the month after (tháng sau đó) The following year/the year after (năm sau đó)
Then/ at that time (lúc ấy) immediately (ngay lập tức) before (trước kia, trước đây)
An hour before/ an hour earlier (sớm giờ) There (ở đó)
That Those
1 S + Reporting verbs + O(me, him, her ,them ,us ) + that + S + V, TO BE +(Câu tường thuật khẳng định ) Ex : Peter says, “I don’t want your hat, Susan”
→ Peter tells Susan that he doesn’t want her hat
2.S + Reporting verbs + O(me, him, her ,them ,us …)+ TO +(Câu tường thuật dạng mênh lệnh khẳng định ) Ex : He says to her, “Remember to send your parents my regards”
→ He tells her (to remember)to send her parents his regards
3 S + Reporting verbs + O(me, him, her ,them ,us …) + NOT TO +…(Câu tường thuật dạng mệnh lệnh phủ định )
Ex : Ms Green said to(says to) me , “Don’t forget to send this letter for me” → Ms Green told(tells) me not to (forget to) send that letter for her
4 S + Reporting verbs + O(me,him,her ,them ,us …) + IF/ WHETHER + S + V, TO BE +…(Câu tường thuật dạng YES /NO Questions )
Ex 1: Mary said to (says)Tom, “Are you a student ? ”
→ Mary asked (told)(tells)Tom if /whether he was a student Ex : Mary said to Tom, “Do you understand this question? ”
→ Mary asked (told) Tom if /whether he understood that question
5 S + Reporting verbs + O(me,him,her ,them ,us …) +WH – Questions + S + V, TO BE +…(Câu tường thuật khẳng định )
Ex : She said to me, “When did you buy this house?”
→ She told (asked) when I bought (had bought ) that house
Biểu đồ biểu thị cho sự chuyển đởi động từ, chuyển đởi câu từ Direct speech sang reported speech:
Direct speech reported speech
Present simple Present progressive Past simple
Present perfect Past progressive Future simple Future perfect Present conditional
Past simple(S + V-ed ,2 + 0)
Past progressive (S +was ,were + V-ing + O) Past perfect (S + HAD + PP +O)
Past perfect (S + HAD + PP +O)
Past perfect progressive (S + had + been + V-ing) Present conditional (S + would, should + V-inf)
Present conditional (S + would, should + have +V-ed, cột3 Perfect conditional (S + would, should + have + V-ed, cột3
Động từ BREAK dùng để minh họa cho cách biến đổi vừa nêu phần sau:
Direct speech Reported speech
Break
Am/is/are breaking Broke
Broke
(105)Shall/will break Shall/will have broken Should/would break
Should/would break Should/would have broken Should/would have broken Direct speech: She says, ‘I watch TV everyday”
Reported speech: She says (that) she watches TV everyday Định luật:
Break biến đổi thành broke Am/is biến đổi thành was Are biến đổi thành were Shall biến đổi thành should Will biến đổi thành would Have/ has biến đổi thành had Can biến đổi could
May biến đổi thành might
Must biến đổi thành had to/was/were obliged to or it remains must
EXERCISES FOR REPORTED SPEECH I Turn these sentences into Reported Speech:
1 Miss Young says to me, “I want you to finish theses exercises as soon as possible” Peter says, “I don’t want your dress, Susan”
3 She says to us, “I have made some progress in my English” “I get a job like yours” the girl says to John
5 She says to Peter, “I often take my son to the zoo on Sundays” She says, “I don’t want you to be late for class, baby son” Tom says, “I shall never forget you, Mary.”
8 “Your dress looks more beautiful than mine”, Ann says to me She tells me, “I’ll visit my grandmother tomorrow”
10 He says, “You are really a good friend, Mary”
11 Laura says to Mai, “You are so kind to take me there” 12 She says, “It’s too bad to go to class late, John”
13 He says to his father, “I will try me best to pass this exam” 14 Mary says to Dick, “There is a new comer in our class” 15 He says, “We must that team to win the golden cup”
16 She says to me, “I’ve just received a letter from my mother” 17 Dick tells his mother, “I like the acrobats show best”
18 She says, “I’ve just finished my exercises”
19 They say to their teacher, “We never forget your advice” 20 May says, “You have to learn this part carefully, Peter” 21 I tell her, “You look more beautiful in your new dress” 22 Bill says, “I need some more money”
(106)31 He said to her, “You are my friend.”
32 John said to his mother, “I don’t know how to this exercise.” 33 “Don’t come back before one o’clock” advised my brother 34 “Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter
35 The pupils said, “Teacher, give us better marks, please”
36 “You have to decide what you want to do”, she said to her daughter 37 Mary asked me “Can you tell me why you are so sad, my honey” 38 Jane said to John “Who will come to the pictures with me?”
39 “Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her friend 40 Bill said, “I want to help you but I can’t, Mary”
41 He said to her, “Remember to send your parents my regards” 42 The teacher said to me, “Give me your paper now”
43 My aunt said to us, “Please, don’t put your hat in this table” 44 I said, “Learn this lesson by heart now, class.”
45 She said to him, “Don’t put your hat here.”
46 Her uncle said, “Bring me a cup of tea, and put your key on the table, Lan”
47 The manager said to me, “Type these reports for me and bring your paper here, please” 48 The teacher said, “Sit at this place from now on and then stand up later, Daisy”
49 The doctor said,“ Do morning exercises regularly to improve your health, you will have a strong body, Mary”
50 The librarian said to me, “Don’t take these books out of here” 51 Ms Green said to me , “Don’t forget to send this letter for me” 52 The teacher said, “Remind your mother of the meeting, Lan” 53 She said to me, “Would you please tell me how to cook this fish?” 54 She told her grandson, “Come to see me more often”
55 Mary said to her brother, “Don’t put your bag on my hat”
56 My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University” 57 “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail”, said Tom
58 The teacher said, “Some students don’t like homework” 59 “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry 60 I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine”
61 The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers” 62 I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”
63 My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here” 64 “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted 65 “Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said
66 Miss Young says to Tom, “I want you to finish these exercises as soon as possible” -67 He says to his teacher, “I have made some progress in my English”
-68 My son tells me, “I’ll visit my grandmother tomorrow”
-69 She says, “You are really a good friend to me, David”
(107)-71 She says , “I’ve just finished my exercises”
-72 Bill says, “I have to pay for this bill much money, don’t I ”
-73 Susan says, “You don’t want my hat, Peter”
-74 He says, “You don’t want me to be late for class, the little girl”
-75 He says to his father, “I will try me best to pass this exam with your advice” - 76 David tells his mother, “You’ll send me this letter tomorrow ”
-77 Alice says, “Your parents are very nice to me, John”
-78.Miss Young says to her sister, “you often phone me at 6:00p.m ,don’t you ?” -79 The boy says to his mother, “ I often play football with my friends in the afternoon” -80 “I get a job like yours ,don’t I ?” the boy says to Daisy
-81 He says to Mary , “I often take my son to the museum on Sundays”
-82 Jimmy says to Mary, “You are so kind to take me there”
-83 Peter says, “You have to learn this part carefully, Mary”
-84 “You like the way I work”, she says to Joe
-85 The teacher says to Alice, “You must keep silent in class”
-86 She says, “You have to type this report right now, John”
-87 Mary says, “I shall never forget you, Tom.”
-88 “Your dress looks more beautiful than mine”, Peter says to Daisy
-89 She says, “You don’t take me to school, you?” “Well, John”
-90 Mary says to Dick, “You are a new comer in my class”
-91 They say to their teacher, “We never forget your advice”
-92 She says to Pike, I’ll see your mother next week”
(108)29 He said to me, “Would you please tell me the way to Tan Son Nhat Airport?” 30 His mother asked, “How many students are there in your class, Nam?”
31 He said, “Have you been living here for ten years, Mr Quang?” 32 She said to her grandmother, “I shall be 18 next week”
33 I said to him, “Why didn’t you come (go)to my birthday party?”
34 The teacher said, “Don’t take to each other while you’re doing the test” 35 Minh said to me, “How often you go to your school library?”
36 He said, “What is the length of this house, Mary?”
37 I asked my classmate, “Did you attend the class meeting yesterday?” 38 Alice said to Peter, “Would you please help me with my English exercise?” 39 The teacher said, “You will have the test tomorrow”
40 She said, “Don’t forget to bring your textbook Nam” 41 He said, “I’ll visit you when I have time”
42 I said, “Will you please show me how to use this machine, Mary?” 43 She said, “How did you go to the circus yesterday?”
44 Ann told Peter, “Don’t wait for me if I’m late”
45 Mary said, “I usually get up much earlier than you, Tom ” 46 She said, “Have you read this interesting novel?”
47 “ We enjoy listening to your lecture, Mr Nam”, they said
48 “Did you go to London to visit your son, Mr Quang?” said Mrs Hoa 49 She said to me, “When did you buy this house?”
50 Martha said to Tom, “Where you put my hat and gloves?” 51 She said to him, “My son is very grateful to you for your present” 52 Mai asked us, “Have you seen this movie?”
53 He said, “You are really kind to us, Mai”
54 She said to her son, “I just bought a new shirt for you” 55 He asked the boy, “Do you know who broke this window?” 56 The teacher said, “Why were you absent yesterday, Peter?”
III Complete each sentence with an infinitive phrase which combined with the main verb, reports the idea of the speaker’s words.
25 Joe said, “Please come to my party”
26 Joe invited me ………
27 My teacher said, “ I think you should take another English course” 28 My teacher advised me ………
29 Mrs Brown said, “You may use the phone”
30 Mrs Brown permitted me ……… 31 The doctor said, “Take a deep breath”
32 The doctor told the patient ……… 33 My mother said, “Make an appointment with the dentist” 34 My mother reminded me ……… 35 My friend said, “I think you should take a long vacation” 36 My friend encouraged me ………
37 The Smiths said, “Would you like to come to our house for dinner?” 38 The Smiths invited us ………
(109)42 The judge ordered Mr Silverman ……… 43 Bill said, “Don’t touch the hot pot”
44 Bill warned me not ……… 45 Sue said, Don’t buy a used car”
46 Sue advised me not ……… 47 Mr Gray said, “Don’t play in the street”
48 Mr Gray warned the children not ………
IV Put the following Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech: The teacher said to Richard, “Write the exercise carefully”
30 “Don’t worry about the examination, Anna,” said her friend 31 He said to me, “Write your name on the board before you leave” 32 “Turn left at the corner and drive two blocks.” The man directed 33 “Please, please don’t anything dangerous,” said his teacher 34 “Don’t take anything with you to my party,” said my friend
35 The teacher said to his students, “Look your answers through and be careful about spelling mistakes”
36 “Underline all the mistakes before you give the papers to me,” the teacher said to her students 37 “Please, please keep away that tree before it can fall down.” The old man said to the children 38 “Don’t forget what I have told you, Karen said to me”
VI Put the following questions into Indirect Speech:
31 He asked me, “Have you finished reading the newspaper?” 32 He said me, “Is playing tennis one of your hobbies?”
33 “How long have you worked as a tourist guide?” I asked my friend 34 The little boy said to his father, “Why does a policeman wear a uniform?” 35 “What happened to you last Sunday?” we asked James
36 He asked me, “Where have you been for the last weeks?” 37 “Is the person you told me last night?” I asked her
38 “Was the village completely destroyed by the tsunami?” he asked the villager 39 “Did you enjoy the Christmas night?” Lindsay asked Jack
40 “Do you feel regretful for what you have done for me?” my friend asked me VII Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
31 “I’m terribly sorry I have broken a vase”, he said to his mother 32 “Why don’t you sell your old house?” my friend said to me
33 “Thank for your kindness of letting us stay with you” said the man
34 “I hear that you have won the game spectacularly Congratulation, ”Anna said 35 “Shall we go to a fashion show this weekend” said Lisa
36 “Let’s not mention this problem again,” the old man said 37 “I often you a ticket for the play,” he insisted
38 “It will be a good idea to have a dinner at the riverside restaurant,” said my boyfriend 39 “I didn’t tell him about your plan I didn’t that,” said Erick
40 “I don’t like being criticized by non-professionals,” said movie star VIII Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
31 “Would you like to have coffee with me?” John said to his workmate 32 “Why don’t you decorate your house?” my friend said to me
(110)36 “You should take medicine for your cold.” Said my aunt
37 “If I were you, I wouldn’t accept the job offer”, my sister said to me
38 “Don’t park in this area There is a No parking sign,” Mr Browns said to his son 39 “I would like to become a computer programmer,” Jonas said
40 “I meet the student representatives,” said the rector IX Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:
28 “If Claire continues to work hard, she will pass the exams easily,” he said 29 My friend said, “If I had more money, I’d take a trip around the world” 30 Lucy said, “If I knew your teacher’s name, I’d send her a card”
31 George said, “If the film had won an Oscar, it would have become famous”
32 Clarence said to me, “If you had gone to my brother’s graduation party you would have met Mary” 33 “If Jack were honest, he would return the money,” said the teacher
34 “If we had been announced about the bad weather, we would have canceled our trip,” said the Browns
35 “If the technology weren’t available, we wouldn’t expand our business,” said the manager 36 “If she finds out the truth, she’ll be very furious, said Vivian”
19 “If the club has to close, we cannot attract more members,” said Susan
V COMPLETE THE REPORTED SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT TENSE : “You play very well.” He told me I ……… very well
2 “Tom has written me a letter.” She told me Tom ……… her a letter “She hasn’t brushed her hair.” I noticed that she ………… her hair
4 “John has had an accident.” Pam rang to say that John ……… an accident “She won’t say anything.” I knew she … anything
6 “\This letter has been opened.” I could see that the letter …… VI PUT THE CORRECT FORM OF SAY OR TELL : I ……… that I wasn’t ready
2 ……… Me what you need
3 Have you ………… the doctor about it? Did you ……… something to me? He doesn’t …… Me anything
6 Mary …… her mother she was going to the office Why didn’t she …… goodbye?
8 ……… him to be quiet Who ……… that?
10 ………… that you won’t forget me
VII TURN INTO REPORTED SPEECH : 1.”I have seen this film twice”
Mai said ……… “Tim was punished by the teacher yesterday”
John told me -
3 “We are still working because we haven’t finished their work yet.” They said -
4 “I’m going to Hanoi next week.”
(111)1/ Paper was invented by the Chinese in the first century AD Most paper is made from wood When trees are cut down, they are transported by land or water to paper mills Here they are cut up and the wood is broken up into fibres (sợi , thớt),which are mixed with water and chemicals This wood pulp is then dried on a machine and made into paper
Paper – making is an important British industry, and paper from Britain is exported to South Africa, Australia and many other countries One tree is needed for every 400 copies of a typical forty – page newspaper If half the adults in Britain each buy one daily paper, this uses up over 40,000 trees a day Trees are being cut down faster than they are being replaced, so there may be a serious paper shortage before the year 2000 Notes : shortage :(n) thiếu, số lượng thiếu
Serious (adj) nghiêm trọng Questions :
1 When was paper invented ?
2 Where is paper from England exported?
3 What might happen if trees are cut down faster than they are replaced?
4 Translate into Vietnamese: “When trees are cut down ……… made into paper.”
2/ Like other languages, English is always changing, but it changes very slowly People invent new words, borrow words from other languages and change the meaning of words as needed For example, the English word “byte” was invented by computer specialists in 1959 The word “tomato” was borrowed from Nahuati, an American Indian language spoken in Mexico The word “meat” once referred to food in general People learn English as well as languages by listening, copying what they hear, and using the language Most school children learn their first language easily and sometimes other languages as well
Are the following statements are true (T) or false (F) English is changing very
quickly. -8 Some English words are borrowed from other languages. -9 Some English words are invented by
computers. -10 “Meat” means food in
general. -11 One of the ways to learn English is copying what you hear. -12 It is not easy for children to learn their first language. -IX Make sentence based on the given cues :
1 They/ be students/ grade 10
……… if/ he/ understand/ me/ I/ be happy/ but/ he/ never/ ……… I/ be/ poor/ but/ if/ I/ help/ orphan/ poor people ……… What/you/ do/ if/ mother/ come/ home/ early
……… He/ may/ be/ sick/ because/ he/ not/ be/ class/ this morning ……… If/ door bell/ ring / dog/ run/ gate
……… If/ you/ decide/ take/ trip/ you/ have to/get ready/ very soon ……… What/ you/ if/ sun/ rise/ night
(112)10 I/ mother/ my/ wish/ I/ her/ tell/ understood X Fill in the blank with suitable words in the box
Turn on shortage effective solution style improvement equality look after easy – to – understand drives
10 Do you think computers use an - language?
11 Every time he comes home, he - all the lights in the house to make the house bright 12 We need a supply of food and water We have suffered from the -of these things for a
long time
13 They believe that learning by rote is not a very - way
14 The -hasn’t been found yet We still don’t know what to with the problem 15 I don’t really like their - of living
16 I work very hard for the -of my English pronunciation 17 Women had to work very hard to have - with men
18 Daisy is a careful driver She - carefully 10 She used to -her father when he was ill 1 ADVERBS and ADJECTIVES
ADJ: tính từ : Tính từ thành lập từ danh từ ,bằng cách thêm LY vào sau danh từ : Tính từ = danh từ + ly Ex: friend + ly
Father + ly Brother + ly Week + ly Month + ly
ADV : TRẠNG TỪ
Trạng từ thành lập từ tính từ ,bằng cách thêm LY vào sau tính từ ( Tính từ + ly = trạng từ ) Dangerous + ly = Dangerously = adv
Easy + ly = easily Magic + ly = magically Careful + ly = ly
Chú ý : Động từ (V gồm : go, work, catch …)thường thường với ADV(Trạng từ) Động từ (to be )thường với ADJ(Tính từ)
Ex: she is more beautiful than her sister - He drives faster than Tom does
2 CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (TYPE 1) Câu điều kiện loại câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả hành động có thật
If clause(mệnh đề phụ) Main clause (mệnh đề )
HTÑ TLÑ
S + VS,ES S + will/ shall + V0
Ex: If he finishes the skirt before Sunday, He will give it to his sister for her birthday I she studies hard, she can pass her exams
3 ADJ + CLAUSE
S + TO BE + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE
(113)Ex; I’m glad ( that) you safely arrive
4 ADV clauses of reason: (AS, BEACUSE) mệnh đề trạng từ lý
AS BECAUSE : đuợc sử dụng để nêu rõ lý hành động tình trạng * AS thường đuợc dùng đầu câu
Ex : As the weather is often warm, many of the homes have swimming pools * BECAUSE :thường đuợc dùng câu, hay đứng sau mệnh đề Ex : we decided to leave early because the party was boring
5 CONNECTORS ( TỪ NỐI)
AND : dùng để nối kết từ ngữ có chức ngữ pháp giống nhau( and : rồi, thì, và, kết lá, cịn……)
AND = nối nhiều từ, nhiều doing từ nhiều mệnh đề
Ghi : Khi diễn tả ý xác định giống nhau, người ta dùng TOO SO kèm với câu có từ nối AND EX: You are tired and I am too
S + to be …… and + S + be + too So + be + S Ex: Mary writes a report class so does Minh
S + V + …… and + S + do, does, did + too So + do, does, did + S
* But liên từ nối mệnh đề với nhau, ý tưởng trái ngược Ex: His father is a doctor but his mother isn’t
* BECAUSE : Là liên từ dùng để kết nối hai mệng đề, biểi thị cho liên hệ ý tưởng với Ex: I did it because he told me to
* SO : liên từ Nó đuợc dsùnh để diễn đạt kết ,1 lý SO đứng đầu mệnh đề SO : vì thế,
Ex: It hasn’t rained for ages, so the ground is very dry
* THEREFORE HOWEVER (Gần giống therefore): Là trạng từ biểu lộ thân mật Nó thường nằm vị trí câu.Nhưng nằm đầu cuối câu sau chủ ngữ Therefore: ,vì
Ex: He’s only 17 and therefore not eligible( tư cách ) to vote( bỏ phiếu bầu) 6 SUGGEST + V+ing
S + suggest + O + infinitive S + suggest + V+ing
S + suggest + that + clause
Ex: She suggest climbing up the top of the hill
Ghi ; đuợc dùng that + clause đứng sau động từ suggest Ex: I suggest that Mary should visit the national park after breakfast VII : Chọn đại từ thích hợp :
41 I go to school with (him, he , his , your) every day 42 I see (she, her, herself, me) at the park every Sunday 43 She speaks to ( us, we , ourselves, her) every morning 44 Isn’t (she, her, him, you) a nice person
45 (He, Him, Me, Your) is going to New York on vacation 46 (She, Her, Me , His ) and John gave the money to the boy
47 (Yours , Yours , Me ,Him ) record is scratched and (I, His ,Her, We) is too 48 I hurt (my, me, myself, its) leg
49 John bought (himself, hiself, herself, myself ) a new coat
(114)53 The dog bit (she, her, herself, my) on the leg 54 John (he, himself, his , her) went to the meeting 55 You’ll stick (you, your, yourself, his ) with the pins
56 Mary and (I , me, my, Our) would rather go to the movies 57 Everyone has to (their, his , herself, us) own research 58 Just between you and (I, me, him, my) I don’t like this food 59 Monday is a holiday for (we, us, our, hers) teachers
60 (Her, Hers, Me , I) car does not go as fast as (our, us, we, him) car 61 Take care (you, your, yourself, his ), Ann
62 We’ve bought some food with ( me , we, us, our) 63 Who’s there ? Only (me, I, mine, myself)
64 Everyone has to leave (his , their, its, her) bags outside 65 It was (he, his, him, himself) who called you
66 John and Tom , you (you, your, yourselves, yours ) have to it 67 Is that Mary over there? Yes, that’s (she, her, herself, hers) 68 This parcel is for Tom and (me, I, mine, myself)
69 Could you lent Sue your ruler? (she, her, herself, hers) has just been broken 70 Just help (you, your, yourself, yours) to sandwiches, won’t you ?
71 Mary and (me, I, mine, myself) would rather go to the cinema 72 The manager (he, himself, his , him) welcomed us to the hotel
73 Who does this CD belong to ? (me, I, mine, myself) I’ve just bought it
74 John’s shoes were worn out, so he bought (him, his , them, himself) a pair of new shoes 75 Tom and (her , herself, she, me) gave the money to the boss
76 There’s no need to shout, I can hear (you, your, yourselves, yours ) 77 (you, your, yourselves, yours) father is a dentist
78 (It ,Its, Itself, Ourselves) is important to keep it somewhere safe 79 (He, His, Him ,Your) wants to leave now
80 His letters are all about (him, his , he, himself)