Hãy tham khảo Đề cương ôn tập học kì 2 môn Tiếng Anh lớp 10 năm 2020-2021 - Trường THPT Phúc Thọ được chia sẻ dưới đây để giúp các em biết thêm các dạng bài tập có khả năng ra trong đề thi, rèn luyện kỹ năng giải bài tập và có thêm tư liệu tham khảo chuẩn bị cho kì thi sắp tới đạt điểm tốt hơn. Chúc các bạn thi tốt!
SỞ GD & ĐT HÀ NỘI ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 Trường THPT Phúc Thọ ( năm học 2020-2021) A Theory - Ngữ âm, từ vựng Unit 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 - Các cấu trúc câu dùng giao tiếp - Cấu trúc ngữ pháp Unit 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Passive voice with modal verbs (+) Object (O) + may, must, can, could, ought to, should + be + verb3 (?) Must, may, can, should, might + object (O) + be + verb3 (past participle)? Ex: Our English teacher may give an exam today →An exam may be given by our English teacher today * Các động từ khuyết thiếu thường gặp a can – could : Ability - Khả làm Can diễn tả khả làm tại, could diễn tả khả khứ b may – might : Possibility - Khả việc xảy Might diễn tả khả xảy thấp may c will – would : Request - Yêu cầu Will I Would I thể yêu cầu Tuy nhiên Would I thường sử dụng hoàn cảnh trang trọng d should - ought to : Advice - Lời khuyên Khi dùng should ought to để đưa lời khuyên ought to có ý nghĩa nhấn mạnh hơn, gần người nói khuyên người nghe phải làm theo e must : Obligation - Sự bắt buộc Must dùng để thể bắt buộc f shall : Suggestion - Gợi ý Shall dùng để đưa gợi ý thường với chủ ngữ I We Shall thường tạo cảm giác trang trọng cho người nghe Comparative and superative adjectives a Comparative - S + to be + adj +er + than + noun/pronoun ( short adj ) Ex: She is taller than me - S + to be + more + adj + than + noun/pronoun ( long adj ) Ex: He is more intelligent than his brother b Superlative - S + to be + the + adj (est) + Noun/ Pronoun ( short adj) Ex: My mom is the greatest person in the world - S + to be + the most + Noun/ Pronoun ( short adj) Ex: Linh is the most intelligent student in my class c Articles * Mạo từ xác định (Denfinite article): the * Mạo từ bất định (Indefinite article): a, an → "A" "An" dùng vật, tượng cụ thể người nghe khơng biết, "The" việc người nói người nghe biết →Dùng “The” nói vật riêng người mà người nghe người nói biết - “The” dùng để nói vật thể địa điểm đặc biệt, - “The” đứng trước danh từ, xác định cụm từ mệnh đề - Mạo từ “The” đứng trước từ thứ tự việc "First" (thứ nhất), "Second" (thứ nhì), "only" (duy nhất) - "The" dùng với thành viên nhóm người định - "The" đứng trước tính từ nhóm người, tầng lớp xã hội - Dùng trước danh từ riêng biển, sông, quần đảo, dãy núi, tên gọi số nhiều nước, sa mạc, miền * Không sử dụng mạo từ : - Mạo từ không sử dụng nói việc chung nhắc tới ví dụ - Một số tên quốc gia, thành phố, bang không dùng mạo từ đứng trước - Tên môn học không sử dụng mạo từ - Trước tên quốc gia, châu lục, núi, hồ, đường - Sau tính từ sở hữu sau danh từ sở hữu cách - Trước tên gọi bữa ăn - Trước tước hiệu - Trong số trường hợp đặc biệt Relative clauses A Relative Pronouns - Đại từ quan hệ Đại từ quan hệ Cách sử dụng Ví dụ who Làm chủ ngữ, đại diện người I told you about the woman who lives next door which Làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ, đại diện đồ vật, độngvật Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? Bổ sung cho câu đứng trước He couldn’t read which surprised me whose Chỉ sở hữu cho người vật Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse? whom Đại diện cho tân ngữ người I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference That Đại diện cho chủ ngữ người, vật, đặc biệt mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (who, which có thê sử dụng được) I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen B Relative Clauses - Mệnh đề quan hệ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses): mệnh đề dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước Mệnh đề xác định mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa câu, khơng có câu khơng đủ nghĩa Nó sử dụng danh từ danh từ không xác định không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề Ex: The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (Non-defining relative clauses): mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin người, vật việc xác định Mệnh đề không xác định mệnh đề không thiết phải có câu, khơng có câu đủ nghĩa Nó sử dụng danh từ danh từ xác định ngăn cách với mệnh đề hai dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu gạch ngang (-) Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful Reported Speech a Tóm tắt Tóm tắt Câu gián tiếp Statements * S + said + (that) + S + V (Câu phát biểu) * S + told + O + (that) + S + V Commands * S + told/asked + O + to V(inf) (Câu mệnh lệnh) * S + told /asked+ O + not + to V0 Wh-questions * S + asked + (O) + wh-… + S + V (Câu hỏi nội dung) * S + wondered + wh-… + S + V * S + wanted to know + wh-… + S + V Yes-no questions * S + asked + (O) + if / whether + S + V (Câu hỏi có khơng) * S + wondered + if /whether + S + V * S + wanted to know + if / whether + S + V b Khi động từ tường thuật tiếp sau: Simple present (V(s/es)) Simple past (V2/ed) Simple future (will/ shall + V0 ) Present continuous (am/is/are + V-ing) Past continuous (was/were + Ving) Future continuous (will + be + Ving) Present perfect (have/has + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed) Future perfect (will + have + V3/ed) khứ, đổi câu gián Simple past (V2/ed ) Past perfect ( had + V3/ed ) Future in the past ( would/ should + V0 ) Past continuous (was/ were + V-ing ) Past perfect continuous / past continuous Future continuous in the past (would + be + V-ing) Past perfect (had + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed) Future perfect in the past (would + have + V3/ed) Can could May might Must had to c Thay đổi từ định, trạng từ cụm từ thời gian nơi chốn: DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH This that These Those Now then, at that time, immediately Here There Today that day Ago Before Yesterday the day before, the previous day Tomorrow the next day, the following day, the day after this year / month / week that year / month / week last year / month / week the year / month / week before; the previous year / month / week next year / month / week the year / month / week after; the following year / month / week a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before; a year / month / week earlier The day before yesterday Two days before The day after tomorrow Two days after Conditional sentences types and a Type : Có thể xảy tại tương lai - If + S + V/Ves/s…………, S + will/ can + V …….( Ex: If it is nice tomorrow, we will go swimming) Be (is/am/are) b Type : Khơng có thật - If + S + Ved/cột … , S would/could + …….( Ex: If he were you, he would buy that house) Be (were) B Do exercises I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently A eliminate B equality C educator D encourage A income B couple C ceremony D culture A employment B secondary C eliminate D women A global B greenhouse C energy D underground A impact B influence C negative D scientist A reduce B removal C effort D depletion A assignment B diversity C superstition D bridegroom A wedding B guest C examination D venture A they B father C think D although 10 A distract B tablet C backpack D concentrate 11 A recordings B educate C children D device 12 A height B time C children D wildlife 13 A access B educate C wedding D decent 14 A pursue B soul C sweep D present 15 A digital B fingertip C identify D mobile II Find the word whose main stress is different from the others A environment B equality C contaminate D electronic A enrol B treatment C threaten D access A documentary B personality C potentially D limitation A promote B allow C system D agree A perform B gender C replace D success A symbolic B interest C personal D recognize A excellent B introduce C digital D similar A concentrate B chemical C contribute D scientist A swallow B damage C survive D pleasure 10 A understand B personal C recognise D excellent 11 A danger B able C promise D depress 12 A success B excited C divorce D checkin 13 A admit B dissolve C require D swallow 14 A capture B picture C ensure D pleasure 15 A personal B proposal C cultural D several 16.A exercise B variety C animal D typical 17 A natural B pollution C interest D benefit 18 A butterfly B departure C tradition D protection 19 A pollution B protection C interesting D electric 20 A national B tourism C destruction D scientist III Choose the best option to complete the following sentences A holiday by the sea is than a holiday in the mountains A gooder B better C more good D best What you usually have for breakfast? A a B the C X D an You tidy up your room A must B mustn’t C can D ought The chemistry book was a little expensive A that I bought B what I bought C I bought that D which bought He told us that the weather might get much worse A tomorrow B the following day C yesterday D the day before Would you mind a window? A open B opening C to open D to opening He will be late for the train if he at once A doesn’t start B didn’t start C won’t start D don’t start Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the same language? A spoke B speak C had spoken D has spoken Electronics could your body, couldn’t they? A harm B harmful C harmless D be harmed 10 Ecotourism helps to preserve the environment A nature B natural C naturally D naturalist 11 _ is a ceremony or service which is held shortly after a person’s death A Funeral B Wedding C House moving day D Farewell party 12 This ceremony is known under different names A prestigious B fortunate C traditional D numerous 13 The team paid a price for its lack of preparation A heavy B light C dirty D expensive 14 In order to a man’s job, Brenda had to work very hard A pursue B work C enroll D prefer 15 is the unfair treatment based on gender, age or race A Elimination B Equality C Discrimination D Enrolment 16 I think the Vietnamese government has considerable progress in gender equality A done B taken C given D made 17 There is a wedding for all guests after the wedding ceremony A reception B engagement C proposal D ring 18 _ will lead to the extinction of rare animals due to the loss of their habitats, and extreme floods and land erosion A Deforestation B Conservation D Depletion D Protection 19 I’m looking for some new to put on my smartphone to improve my English pronunciation A assignments B applications C calculations D devices 20 The Vietnamese government has done a lot to _ hunger and poverty A discriminate B contaminate C eliminate D preserve 21 Global warming has had negative impact our environment A in B of C on D with 22 Gender differences cannot prevent a person _pursuing a job A from B of C on D with 23 We must solve the problem of air pollution immediately for the _ of people living in this place A role B sake C side D ritual 24 In the age of technology, you can _ advantage of new applications which are very useful for learning English A make B take C get D have 25 Drinking water in this area is highly _ by waste A pollution B pollutant C polluted D pollute 26 The environmental habital of some rare animals is being threatened A aware B endangered C dangerous D share 27 Ecotourism helps to preserve the natural environment A conserve B stop C prevent D destroy 28 David met Maria after he got a gift from Maria David: “Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift.” Maria: “ _.” A It’s nice of you to say so B It’s my pleasure C You’re welcome D That’s okay 29 John: “How lovely your pets are!” - Kathy: A I love them, too B Thank you, it’s nice of you to say so C Can you say that again D Really? They are 30 I wonder ỉf you could help me.” “ _” A Don’t mention it B I’ll my best What’s up? C Really? How nice D No, what is it? 31 - Mary: “ to stay for the night?” - Susan: “Oh, that's very kind of you.” A Why don't you B Do you feel like C Why don’t we D Would you like 32 Two friends : Daisy and Mary are talking Daisy: “- Let’s have a pizza” Mary : “- _” A Not again B It doesn’t matter C It’s a good idea 33 Jack: “I’m going to take a five-day trip to Rome.” - Jill: “ ” A The same to you B No, of course not C Yes, let’s 34 “I like your coat, Helen.” - “ _.” A Really, I’m not B Do you? C I think so 35 Peter "How often you go to school?" Harry: " ." D Not really D Have a good time D I’m sorry A I don’t think so B I go there by bus C I go there early D Every day except Sunday IV Complete the following sentences with must, mustn’t or needn’t You _ take an umbrella It isn’t going to rain Come on We _ hurry We seem to be late Well, it _be big – that’s not important But it _ have a nice garden – that’s essential It is a valuable book and you _ lose it I think I _ go shopping We’ve run out of food V Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets He apologized for the (convenient) _ he had caused For your (inform) _, the library is on the third floor This is one of the best (document) _ films showing the lives of working people The government has introduced some (effect) _ measures to reduce unemployment He is a (curiosity) _ boy He is always asking questions VI Supply the correct forms of the following adjectives My house is (big) _ than yours This flower is (beautiful) than that one This is the (interesting) _ book I have ever read Non-smokers usually live (long) than smokers Which is the (dangerous) animal in the world? It’s the (large) company in the country Hot dogs are (good) _than hamburgers This is (exciting) _ film I’ve ever seen The red shirt is better but it’s (expensive) _ than the white one 10 My new sofa is (comfortable) than the old one VII Complete the following sentences with a, an or the Their car runs 150 miles _ hour Where's _ USB drive I lent you last week? Is your mother working in _ old office building? When I was _ child, I used to be very shy Mary and I arrived at _ same time Mai changed new red car last month We might be able to catch last train if we hurried My aunt has interesting novel It was best film I had ever read 10 Life is not so easy for unemployed VIII Complete the following sentences with a suitable relative pronoun The waitress served us was impolite and impatient The building was destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt Some people were arrested have now been released I read about the child life was saved by her pet dog The police have to try to catch the men drive dangerously She is talking about the author book is one of the best-sellers He bought all the books are needed for the next exam The woman, was sitting in the meeting hall, didn't seem friendly to us at all He arrived with a friend waited outside in the car 10 The family car was stolen last week is the Smiths IX Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions In Britain, greetings cards are sold in chain stores and supermarkets, in newsagents’ shops, corner shops and, increasingly, in shops that specialize in the sale of cards and paper for wrapping presents in The most common cards are birthday and Christmas cards Many Christmas cards are sold in aid of charity and special ‘charity card shops’ are often set up in temporary premises in the weeks before Christmas A wide variety of birthday cards is available to cater for different ages and tastes Some, especially ones for young children or for people celebrating a particular birthday, have the person’s age on the front Many have comic, often risqué, messages printed on them, and cartoon-style illustrations Others are more sober, with reproductions of famous paintings or attractive original designs The usual greeting on a birthday card is ‘Happy Birthday’, ‘Many Happy Returns’ or ‘Best Wishes for a Happy Birthday’ Some people also send special cards for Easter and New Year Easter cards either portray images of spring, such as chicks, eggs, lambs, spring flowers, etc, or have a religious theme Cards are produced for every ‘milestone’ in a person’s life There are special cards for an engagement, a marriage, a new home, a birth, success in an examination, retirement, a death in the family, etc Some are ‘good luck’ or ‘congratulations’ cards Others, for example ‘get well’ cards for people who are ill, express sympathy What is the passage mainly about? A Greetings Cards B Birthday Cards C Christmas Cards D Easter Cards The word ‘some’ in paragraph refers to A young children B ages and tastes C card shops D birthday cards Which of the following is NOT the usual greeting on a birthday card? A ‘Best Wishes for a Happy Birthday’ B ‘Happy Birthday’ C ‘Good luck’ D ‘Many Happy Returns’ The word ‘milestone’ in paragraph is closest in meaning to A a positive view B a special gift C an important event D a convenient way It can be inferred from the passage that A greetings cards are used on many different occasions B there are few choices of birthday cards C greetings cards are not very popular in Britain D greetings cards are for children only X Read the following passage and choose the correct word for each of the blanks A person who tosses a can or a napkin on the ground is contributing to land pollution This (1) of pollution mainly involves the depositing on land of solid wastes that cannot be broken down quickly or, in some cases, at all Heaps of trash are not only unpleasant to look at - they can (2) interfere with the lives of plants and animals Land pollution also includes the build-up of (3) chemicals on land The use of pesticides in farming is a major source of this type of pollution These chemicals are spread over fields to kill insects, weeds, fungi, or rodents that are a threat to crops But pesticides harm or (4) other living things too When they drift with the wind or become absorbed (5) fruits and vegetables, they can become a source of health problems such as cancer and birth defects A plan B use C train D type A so B also C too D such A poisonously B poison C poisoning D poisonous A make B kill C get D help A of B up C into D on XI Identify ONE mistake among A, B, C or D It is strange but often a coke is expensiver than a beer A B C D Touch screen is the screen whom allows giving instructions by touching A B C D Scientists have tried to assess the impact of human activities on the environmental A B C D Ann asked Kirk if had he really written that story the previous day A B C D If I passed this exam, I’ll go to the university next summer A B C D All new workers mustn’t have a medical examination A B C D The chemical pollutants from cars and factories make the air, water and soil A B C dangerously dirtily D Do you remember a name of the hotel which is at the end of this street? A B C D If they lived in Vietnam, they will experience terrible traffic A B C D 10 Mr Smith was elder than Mr Long when he got married A B C D XII Writing Rewrite the sentences with suggested words Smoking is not allowed in the hospital We Most of the students can answer this question This question “Where were you last night, Mr Jones ?” she said She asked There is no better teacher in this school than Mrs Jackson Mrs Jackson is If she doesn’t water these trees, they will die Unless Study hard or you’ll fail in the exam If The man is a famous actor You met him at the party last night The man whom Tom said: “I’m going to visit my grandmother tomorrow.” Tom said that John said, “You’d better not lend them any money, Mary” Jonh advised 10 “Don’t be afraid of dog, ” said the man to Kate The man told 11 The Vietnamese government will give the suitable methods to reduce the polluted air The suitable methods 12 Peter is fat because he eats so many chips If Peter 13 This tablet is very useful for my studies My father bought it in Japan This tablet 14 No one in the class is more intelligent than Nam Nam 15 You should practise speaking English everyday English SAMPLE TEST Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest A character `B chores C challenge D champion A mobile B modern C electronic D concentrate Choose the word whose stress pattern if different from the rest A personal B proposal C cultural D several A culture B diverse C fortune D altar Choose the word or phrase that is SIMILAR in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions A sustainable forest is a forest where trees are replanted and the wildlife is protected A pre-tested B preserved C reserved D protested A doctor is a person who is responsible for looking after people’s health A examining B searching for C taking care of D taking after Choose the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions Cutting down of trees for urban use or farm land must be taken into account A deforestation B depletion C protection D planting trees It is imperative that they finish the task on time A late B in time C punctually D early Circle the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each of the following sentences By using an device such as a laptop, a smartphone, you can learn English more effectively A electric B electronic C electrified 10 Don't forget we're meeting on _Friday for lunch A a/ a B a/ θ C θ / the 11.Do you know the boy parents died in the war? A that B who C whose 12 If I find it, I _you A will tell B would tell C had told D electrical D θ / θ D whom D told 13. are non – renewable energy sources such as coal, fuel oil and natural gas formed from dead plants and animals underground A Greenhouse effects B Global warming C Deforestation D Fossil fuels 14 A Study Guide by all Independent Study students A must be purchase B must purchased C must be purchased D must purchase 15 Tom said that he his motorbike the day before A have lost B had lost C loses 16 Pain killers are much _ now than in the past A effective B more effective C most effective 17 Domestic violence _ women and girls must be wiped out at any cost A on B at C.for 18 Martin asked me _ A how is my father B how my father is C how was my father 19 If you had the chance, _ you go fishing? A did B may Choose the underlined part that needs correcting D has lost D the more effective D against D how my father was C would D 20 This book is much interesting than that one A B C D 21 Ha Noi, that is the capital of our country, is a city of peace A B C D 22 They told us that she has seen a number of key figures the day before A B C D 23 If they lived in Vietnam, they would have more chance visiting a lot of tourist atraction A B C D Choose the best answer to complete the following exchanges 24 David met Maria after he got a gift from Maria David: “Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift.” Maria: “ _.” A It’s nice of you to say so B It’s my pleasure C You’re welcome D That’s okay 25 Catherine: “Why don’t we go camping this weekend?” - Daisy: “ .” A I am not with you there C That’s a good idea B I can’t help thinking the same D I can’t agree with you Choose the correct sentence (A, B, C or D) which has the same meaning as the given one 26 No one in my group is as intelligent as Mary A Mary is more intelligent than in my group B Mary is the most intelligent in her class C Mary is the most intelligentest in my group D Mary is the most intelligent in my group 27 The Vietnamese government will give the suitable methods to reduce the polluted air A The suitable methods will be give to reduce the polluted air by the Vietnamese government B The suitable methods will be given to reduce the polluted air by the Vietnamese government C The suitable methods will be give by the Vietnamese government to reduce the polluted air D The suitable methods will be gave to reduce the polluted air by the Vietnamese government 28 " Don't forget to give the book back to Mary," he said to me A He reminded me to give the book back to Mary B He reminded me to forget to give the book back to Mary C He advised me to give the book back to Mary D He advised me to forget to give the book back to Mary Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines in each pair of sentences in the following questions 29 Peter is fat because he eats so many chips A If Peter ate more chips, he wouldn't be fat B If Peter ate fewer chips, he would be fat C If Peter ate more chips, he could be fat D If Peter ate fewer chips, he wouldn't be fat 30 Sarah works for a company It makes mobile devices A The company which Sarah works for makes mobile devices B Sarah works for a company what makes mobile devices C Sarah works for a company who makes mobile devices D Sarah works for a company, which makes mobile devices Read the following passage and choose the best answer The search for alternative sources of energy has led in various directions Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce electricity Converting waste products to gases or oil is also an efficient way to dispose of wastes Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels from coal, oil shale, and coal tars But to date, that process has proven expensive Other experiments are underway to harness power with giant windmills Geothermal power is also being tested Some experts expect utility companies to revive hydroelectric power derived from streams and rivers Fifty years ago hydroelectric power provided about 33 percent of the electricity used in the United States, but today it supplies only percent The oceans are another potential source of energy Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents, tides, and waves to electricity Experiments are also underway to make use of temperature differences in ocean water to produce energy 31 What is the best title of the passage? A The Use of Water Products for Energy C Efficient Ways of Disposing of Waste B The Search for Alternative Sources of Energy D New Discoveries in Geothermal Power 32 What provided one third of the electricity in the United States fifty years ago? A Wind B Waste products C Hydroelectric power 33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an alternative source of energy? D.Oil A Burning of garbage B Geothermal power C Synthetic fuels D.Electricity 34 Deriving synthetic fuels from coal, oil shale and coal tars as sources of energy is A time-consuming B expensive C easy D impossible 35 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A All alternative production of energy will be derived from water B Hydroelectric power will be the main source of energy C Garbage and other biological waste products are being burned to produce electricity D Temperature differences in ocean water can’t be used to produce energy Read the following passage and choose the best answer to fill in the gaps: Ecotourism is booming and many tour operators say this is helpful to nature Every year, millions of people visit protected natural areas to (36) rare species (37) , a new report casts doubt on this form of tourism The report, published in the journal "Trends in Ecology and Evolution", suggests that ecotourism damages more than it helps nature Researchers believe tourists disrupt animals (38) their natural habitat They point to a recent (39) in Costa Rica where turtles had problems laying their eggs because of the many tourists (40) had gathered on the beach to watch them 36 A visit B learn C observe D look 37 A But B However C So D For 38 A over B with C on D in 39 A even B event C eventful D eventual 40 A which B where C who D whom .. .- Tên môn học không sử dụng mạo từ - Trước tên quốc gia, châu lục, núi, hồ, đường - Sau tính từ sở hữu sau danh từ sở hữu cách - Trước tên gọi bữa ăn - Trước tước hiệu - Trong số trường. .. relative clauses): mệnh đề dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước Mệnh đề xác định mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa câu, khơng có câu khơng đủ nghĩa Nó sử dụng danh từ danh từ không xác định khơng dùng... mệnh đề Ex: The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (Non-defining relative clauses): mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin người, vật việc xác định Mệnh đề