- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive), ta dùng cụm quá khứ phân từ (past participle phrase – Ved/V3) thay thế cho mệnh đề đó. - Cách rút gọn: Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và [r]
(1)ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ II MÔN TIẾNG ANH 11 PHẦN A: HỆ THỐNG LÝ THUYẾT
PERFECT GERUNDS AND PERFECT PARTICIPLES Phân từ hoàn thành Danh động từ hoàn thành I Perfect participles (Phân từ hoàn thành)
1 Cấu trúc
having + Ved/ V3
- Phân từ hoàn thành hình thức động từ ghép bao gồm trợ động từ “having”và khứ phân từ động từ (Ved/ V3)
Ex: having collected, having treated, Cách dùng
- Dùng để rút ngắn mệnh đề (lược bỏ chủ ngữ) câu có mệnh đề chủ ngữ: mệnh đề có hành động xảy trước sử dụng phân từ hoàn thành
Ex: When hehad collected all necessary information, hestarted writing his report => Having collected all necessary information, he started writing his report
(Đã thu thập xong tất thông tin cần thiết, anh bắt đầu viết báo cáo.) - Dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian (2 mệnh đề chủ ngữ)
Eg: After he had fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and had an operation => After having fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and had an operation - Ngồi ra, sử dụng mệnh đề phân từ hồn thành để nói lý cho hành động mệnh đề (2 mệnh đề phải chủ ngữ)
Ex: Having treated the environment irresponsibly, we now have to suffer the effects of climate change
(Đã hành động với môi trường cách vô trách nhiệm, phải chịu đựng ảnh hưởng thay đổi khí hậu.)
II Perfect gerund (Danh động từ hoàn thành) Cách dùng
Chúng ta dùng Danh độngtừ hoàn thành thay cho hình thức danh động từ đề cập đến hành động khứ (V-ing => Having Ved/V3) Lúc danh động từ hoàn thành nhấn mạnh vào hành động khứ
VD:
The boy was accused of breaking the window => wrong The boy was accused of having broken the window => correct (Cậu bé bị buộc tội làm vỡ cửa sổ)
Hành động làm vỡ cửa sổ xảy trước hành động buộc tội nên phải sử dụng Having Ved/ V3 thay dùng Ving
2 Cấu trúc
(2)verb + (object) + preposition + having Ved/ V3 appologise for (xin lỗi về)
accuse of (buộc tội về) admire for (ngưỡng mộ về) blame for (đổ lỗi cho về)
congratulate on (chúc mừng về) criticise for (phê bình về)
punish for (trừng phạt về) thank for (cảm ơn về) suspect of (nghi ngờ về)
Ex: He apologised for having made us wait so long (Anh xin lỗi để chúng tơi chờ đợi q lâu.) b Danh động từ sau động từ kèm giới từ
verb + having Ved/ V3
Verbs: deny (phủ nhận), admit (thừa nhận), forget (quên), mention (đề cập), remember (nhớ), recall (gợi lại), regret (hối tiếc),
Ex: She denied having broken the flower vase (Cô phủ nhận việc làm vỡ bình hoa.)
THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN The present perfect continuous tense Cấu trúc hồn thành tiếp diễn
Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn
S + have/ has + been + V-ing
Ví dụ:
– It has been raining for week (Trời mưa tuần rồi.)
– She has been living here for one year (Cô sống năm rồi.)
S + haven’t / hasn’t + been + V-ing
Ví dụ:
– I haven’t been studying English for years (Tôi không học tiếng Anh năm rồi.) – She hasn’t been watching films since last year (Cô khơng xem phim từ năm ngối.)
Have/ Has + S + been + V-ing ? Yes, S+ have/ has
No, S + haven’t/ hasn’t Ví dụ:
– Have you been standing in the rain for more than hours? (Bạn đứng mưa tiếng đồng hồ phải không?)
Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t
– Has he been typing the report since this morning? (Anh đánh máy báo cáo từ sáng rồi phải không?) Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t
2 Cách dùng hồn thành tiếp diễn
(3)- I have been searching for information about further education for several days (Tôi tìm kiếm thơng tin giáo dục đại học ngày nay.)
- The playground is wet It has been raining (Sân ướt Trời vừa mưa xong.)
+ Hành động dùng HTHT HTHTTD với động từ định: hope (hi vọng), learn (học), lie (nằm), live (sống), look (tìm), rain (mưa), sleep (ngủ), sit (ngồi), snow (tuyết rơi), stand (đứng), stay (ở lại), study (học, nghiên cứu), teach (dạy), wait (chờ đợi), work (làm việc),
3 Sự khác biệt HTHT HTHTTD
- Đối với HTHT tập trung vào kết hành động Trong khi, HTHTTD tập trung vào hành động chưa kết thúc
Ex: I have learnt a lot about it from different website (the action is completed) (Tôi học từ nhiều trang web.) => hành động kết thúc
I have been learning to drive (the action is not completed) (Tôi học lái ô tô.) => hành động chưa kết thúc I have read this book (the action is completed)
(Tôi đọc xong sách này.) => hành động kết thúc I have been reading this book (the action is not completed)
(Tôi đọc sách này.) => hành động chưa kết thúc
- Thì HTHTTD diễn tả hành động liên tục không bị gián đoạn Nếu đề cập đến số lần hành động lặp lặp lại, ta dùng HTHT
Ex: I have been writing emails all afternoon (Tôi viết thư điện tử buổi chiều.) I have written ten emails this afternoon
(Chiều viết xong 10 thư điện tử.)
RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ Reduced Relative Clauses Các cách rút gọn câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ tiếng Anh:
1 Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ cách dùng “participle phrase” (V-ing phrase)
- Nếu động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể chủ động (active), ta dùng cụm phân từ (present participle phrase - V-ing) thay cho mệnh đề
- Cách rút gọn: Bỏ đại từ quan hệ trợ động từ, đưa động từ mệnh đề quan hệ nguyên mẫu thêm đuôi -ing (nếu mệnh đề chia tiếp diễn bỏ đại từ quan hệ động từ tobe, giữ lại động từ dạng V-ing)
Ex:
a) The man who is standing there is my brother (Người đàn ông đứng đằng anh trai tôi.)
(4)b) Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? (Bạn có biết thằng bé làm vỡ cửa sổ tối qua không?
=> Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
Note: Nếu động từ mệnh đề quan hệ dạng phủ định thêm “not” trước động từ dạng V-ing
Ex:
The student who didn't make a reservation in advance will not be eligible to attend this event (Học sinh không đặt chỗ trước không đủ điều kiện tham dự kiện này.)
=>The student not making a reservation in advance will not be eligible to attend this event Rút gọn cách dùng “past participle phrase” (V-ed phrase)
- Nếu động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể bị động (passive), ta dùng cụm khứ phân từ (past participle phrase – Ved/V3) thay cho mệnh đề
- Cách rút gọn: Bỏ đại từ quan hệ động từ tobe, giữ lại dạng khứ phân từ động từ mệnh đề quan hệ
Ex:
a) The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting (Những sách Nam Cao viết thú vị.)
=> The books written by Nam Cao are interesting
b) The students who were punished by teacher are lazy (Những học sinh bị giáo viên phạt lười.)
=>The students punished by teacher are lazy
3 Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ động từ nguyên mẫu “to infinitive” (to V)
a Dùng danh từ đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ có từ sau bổ nghĩa: the only, the first, the second,…, the last (số thứ tự), so sánh nhất, mục đích
Ex:
- Tom is the last person who enters the room (Tom người cuối bước vào phòng.) =>Tom is the last person to enter the room
- John is the youngest person who takes part in the race (John người trẻ tham gia vào đua.)
=> John is the youngest person to take part in the race - He was the first man who reached the top of this mountain => He was the first man to reach the top of this mountain
b) Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả cần thiết/ nhiệm vụ phải thực hiện:
+ Nếu mệnh đề chủ từ (thường động từ mệnh đề HAVE/HAD): E.g:
- I have a lot of homework that I must do.(Tơi có nhiều tập nhà phải làm.) => I have a lot of homework to
(5)+Nếu mệnh đề khác chủ từ (thường đầu câu có HERE (BE), THERE (BE)) E.g:
- He finds a house with a yard which his children can play in (Anh muốn tìm ngơi nhà có sân để chơi đó.)
=> He finds a house with a yard for his children to play in
- There are six letters which have to be written (Hơm có thư phải viết hoàn thành.)
=> There are six letters to be written today
- Here are some accounts that you must check (Đây số tài khoản bạn phải kiểm tra.) => Here are some accounts for you to check
CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI Question tags
Câu hỏi đuôi dạng câu hỏi ngắn thêm vào cuối câu nói đàm thoại Câu hỏi đuôi thường dùng để xác nhận lại thơng tin (lên giọng) tìm kiếm đồng thuận (xuống giọng)
Vd:
- It’s hot today, isn’t it? (Hơm trời nóng, phải khơng?) - You live near here, don’t you? (Bạn sống đây, phải không?)
- You were at home last night, weren’t you? (Tối qua bạn nhà, không?) I CẤU TRÚC CÂU HỎI ĐI
*Cơng thức
Câu khẳng định + đuôi phủ định Câu phủ định + đuôi khẳng định Vd:
You drink tea every day, don’t you? (Bạn uống trà ngày, phải không?) Mr Paine has arrived, hasn’t he? (Ơng Paine đến, phải khơng?)
Peter can swim, can’t he? (Peter bơi, không?)
You don’t drink wine, you? (Bạn không uống rượu, không?)
Mrs Lora hasn’t retired, has she? (Bà Lora chưa nghỉ hưu, không?) Peter won’t come, will he? (Peter không đến, không?)
*Lưu ý:
- Chỉ dùng trợ động từ động từ khuyết thiếu câu hỏi đuôi
- Không dùng tên riêng danh từ câu hỏi đuôi, mà dùng đại từ “I, you, we, they, he, she, it”
- Khi câu hỏi dạng phủ định, dùng hình thức rút gọn “not” Vd:
(6)They’re working outside, are not they? → They’re working outside, aren’t they? II CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT
1 Let’s + V, shall we? (câu mời, rủ rê) Vd: Let’s play tennis, shall we?
2 Let O (me/him…) + V, will you? (câu xin phép, cho phép) Vd:
Let him buy it, will you?
Let us use the phone, will you?
3 Let me + V, may I (câu đề nghị giúp người khác) Vd: Let me help you it, may I?
4 I am…., aren’t I?
Vd: I am older than you, aren’t I? I used to + V, didn’t I?
Vd: They used to work here, didn’t they? Please + V, will/won’t you?
Vd: Please help me, will/won’t you? Don’t + V, will you?
Vd: Don’t that again, will you? There is/are…., isn’t/aren’t there? Vd: There are some seats left, aren’t there? This/That is…., isn’t it?
Vd: That pen is Mary’s, isn’t it? 10 These/Those are…, aren’t they? Vd: Those are beautiful, aren’t they?
11 Everyone/someone/anyone/no one, none of, neither of,…, TĐT + they? Vd: Somebody should help her, shouldn’t they?
12 Trong câu có trạng từ phủ định bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly, scarely, rarely, barely từ phủ định như: nowhere, nothing câu xem câu phủ định với phần hỏi đuôi dạng khẳng định
Vd:
He seldom goes swimming, does he? He went nowhere else, did he? They did nothing, did they? 13 had better
(7)14 would rather
would rather thường viết gọn 'd rather nên dễ gây lúng túng cho bạn Chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ Would cho trường hợp để lập câu hỏi đuôi
Vd: She'd rather go to the doctor, wouldn't she? 15 Mệnh đề có MUST:
Must có nhiều cách dùng tùy theo cách dùng mà có câu hỏi khác - Must cần thiết → dùng needn't
Ví dụ: They must study hard, needn't they? - Must cấm đốn → dùng must Ví dụ: You mustn't come late, must you?
- Must dự đoán → dựa vào động từ theo sau must Vd:
He must be a very intelligent student, isn't he? (Anh ta học sinh thông minh, phải không?)
Must dự đốn q khứ (trong cơng thức must +have+ p.p): => dùng TĐT have/has Ví dụ: You must have stolen my bike, haven't you? (Bạn lấy cắp xe tôi, phải không?)
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI Conditional type Công thức:
If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu mệnh lệnh
2 Cách dùng: Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy điều kiện đáp ứng, diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, kết tất yếu xảy Lưu ý
Tất động từ câu (mệnh đề mệnh đề điều kiện) chia đơn
* If + Mệnh đề (thì đơn giản), Mệnh đề (thì đơn giản) => Khi muốn nhắn nhủ đó:
Ex : If you see Nam, you tell him I’m in Vietnam
(Nếu bạn gặp Nam, nhắn anh Việt Nam nhé.)
* If + Mệnh đề (thì đơn giản), Mệnh đề (mệnh lệnh thức/ câu mệnh lệnh) => Dùng muốn nhấn mạnh
Ex: If you have any trouble, please telephone me though 115
(Nếu bạn có rắc rối nào, xin hẫy gọi cho qua số điện thoại 115.)
* Nếu diễn tả thói quen, mệnh đề thường xuất thêm: often, usually, or always Ex: If water is frozen, it expands (Nếu nước bị đơng đặc nở ra.)
(8)If you heat ice, it turns to water (Nếu bạn làm nóng nước đá, chảy ra.) If we are cold, we shiver (Nếu bị lạnh, run lên.)
CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Reported speech with conditionals I Reported speech with conditionals
1 Câu điều kiện loại
Nếu câu nói trực tiếp có câu điều kiện loại 1, chuyển sang dạng tường thuật lùi thành câu điều kiện loại
Ví dụ: Jim said, ‘If I catch the bus, I’ll be home by six.’
=> Jim said that if he caught the bus, he would be home by six
(Jim nói bắt kịp xe buýt, nhà vào lúc )
Khi chuyển thành câu tường thuật phải lùi thì: catch thành caught, will be home thành would be home
2 Câu điều kiện loại
Trong câu tường thuật, câu điều kiện loại chuyển từ câu nói trực tiếp sang tường thuật khơng cần thay đổi
Ví dụ: My mom said to me, ‘ If you had a permit, you could find a job.’ => My mom said to me that if I had a permit, I could find a job
(Mẹ tơi nói với tơi tơi có giấy phép, tơi tìm việc ) Câu điều kiện loại
Tương tự câu điều kiện loại 2, câu điều kiện loại chuyển câu nói trực tiếp sang tường thuật không cần thay đổi
Ví dụ: Tom said, ‘If Jenna had loved me, she wouldn’t have left like that.’ => Tom said that if Jenna had loved him, she wouldn’t have left like that (Tom nói Jenna yêu anh ta, cô không bỏ ) If + câu hỏi
Nếu câu nói trực tiếp có câu hỏi chứa if, chuyển thành câu tường thuật, mệnh đề if luôn xếp cuối câu
Ví dụ: He wondered, ‘If the baby is a boy, what will we call him?’ => He wondered what they would call the baby if it was a boy
(Anh ta băn khoăn đặt tên em bé sinh em bé trai.)
Mệnh đề ‘if the baby is a boy’ chuyển sang câu tường thuật xếp đứng cuối câu, sau mệnh đề ‘what will we call him?’
‘If the car is broken down, what should I do?’ she asked => She asked what to if the car was broken down (Cô hỏi cô phải làm xe bị hỏng.)
(9)Khi tường thuật lời nói người đó, diễn giải lời nói họ cách sử dụng số động từ tường thuật như: order (ra lệnh), asked (yêu cầu), forced (ép), advised (khuyên),…
Vd: He said, “Good morning!” => He greeted me
- Có dạng cấu trúc với động từ tường thuật: V + to-V
V + sb + to-V V + V-ing V + that-clause
Động từ tường thuật Lời nói trực tiếp Câu tường thuật
V + to-V
agree + to-V: đồng ý làm “Yes, I’ll it again.” He agreed to it again
demand + to-V: địi hỏi làm “Tell me the truth.” He demanded to be told the truth offer + to-V: đề nghị làm
cho người khác
“Would you like me to drive you home?”
“Shall I carry your bags?”
He offered to drive me home He offered to carry my bags promise + to-V: hứa làm “I will pay you on Friday.” He promised to pay me on Friday refuse + to-V: từ chối làm “No, I won’t tell you her secret.” He refused to tell me her secret threaten + to-V: đe dọa làm “Keep quiet or I’ll punish you.” He threatened to punish me if I didn’t keep quiet claim + to-V:
điều “I witnessed the crime.”
He claimed to have witnessed the crime
ask + to-V: đề nghị làm
gì “Can I go out?” He asked to go out
V + sb + to-V
advise sb + to-V: khuyên làm
“If I were you, I would talk about your problem.”
He advised me to talk about my problem
allow sb + to-V: cho phép
làm “You can use my phone.” He allowed me to use his phone tell sb + (not) to-V: bảo làm
gì “Don’t lie down.” He told us not to lie down
ask sb + to-V: đề nghị làm
“Please, close the door.” “Could you pass me the salt, please?”
“Do you mind explaining that again, please?
(10)beg/implore sb + to-V: van xin làm gì/ khơng làm
“Please, please don’t hit
the dog.” He begged me not to hit the dog command sb + to-V: lệnh
cho làm “Move to your right.” He commanded me to move to my right encourage sb + to-V: khuyến
khích làm
“Go ahead, say what you think.”
He encouraged me to say what I thought
forbid sb + to-V: cấm làm “You mustn’t come home after eleven.” He forbade us to come home after eleven instruct sb + to-V: hướng dẫn
ai làm
“Mix the eggs with the flour.”
He instructed me to mix the eggs with the flour
invite sb + to-V: mời làm
“I’d like you to come to my party.”
“Would you like to go to the movies?”
He invited me (to go) to his party He invited me (to go) to the movies order sb + to-V: lệnh cho
làm
“Don’ leave your room again.”
He ordered me not to leave my room again
permit sb + to-V: cho phép
làm “You may speak to the judge.” He permitted/allowed me to speak to the judge remind sb + to-V: nhắc nhở
làm
“Don’t forget to turn the
lights off.” He reminded me to turn the lights off urge sb + to-V: hối thúc làm
gì “Try to have sympathy for the family.” He urged me to try to have sympathy for the family warn sb + (not) to-V: cảnh báo
ai (khơng) làm
“Don’t touch the wire with wet hands.”
He warned me not to touch the wire with wet hands
want sb + to-V: muốn làm “I’d like you to be more polite.” He wanted me to be more polite V + V-ing
accuse sb of V-ing/having P2: buộc tội làm
'You acted as if you were guilty
He accused me of acting as if I were guilty
apologise (to sb) for
V-ing/having P2: xin lỗi việc “I'm sorry I hurt you." He apologised for hurting/ having hurt me admit + V-ing/having P2: thừa
nhận làm 'Yes, I was wrong "
He admitted being/ having been wrong
boast about + V-ing: khoe
khoang việc "I'm the fastest runner of all." He boasted about being the fastest runner of all complain to sb about
V-ing: phàn nàn với việc "You always argue.”
He complained to me about my arguing
deny + V-ing/having P2: chối
(11)insist on + V-ing: khăng khăng, nài nỉ việc
'You must wear that blouse "
He insisted on me/my wearing that blouse
suggest + V-ing: gợi ý làm
"Let's order a pizza." “Shall we dance?” “Why don’t we go together?”
He suggested ordering a pizza He suggested dancing
He suggested going together congratulate sb on
V-ing/having P2: chúc mừng việc
“Congratulations! You
won the game!” He congratulated the students on winning the game thank sb for (V-ing/having P2)
sth: cảm ơn điều “Thank you very much for your advice,” He thanked me for my advice warn sb against V-ing: cảnh
báo điều
“Don’t invest in that business,”
He warned me against investing in that business
blame sb for (V-ing/ having P2) sth: đổ lỗi cho điều
“You are responsible for
this failure,” He blamed me for that failure confess to doing/ having
P2: thú nhận làm “It was me who stole the money.” He confessed to stealing the money V + that-clause
agree + that-clause: đồng ý
rằng 'Yes, she's very kind " He agreed that she was very kind claim + that-clause:
rằng "I saw the accident." He claimed that he had seen the accident complain + that-clause: phàn
nàn
'You never ask my opinion."
He complained that I never asked his opinion
deny + that-clause: phủ nhận
rằng "I have never met her!" He denied that he had ever met her exclaim + that-clause: lên
rằng "It's a tragedy!" He exclaimed that it was a tragedy explain + that-clause: giải
thích "It's a complicated problem." He explained that it was a complicated problem inform sb + that-clause: thông
báo với
"Your request is being reviewed.”
He informed me that my request was being reviewed
promise + that-clause: hứa
rằng "I won't be late." He promised that he wouldn't be late suggest + that-clause: gợi ý
rằng
"You ought to give her a call."
He suggested that I (should) give her a call
explain to sb + how: giải thích với việc diễn
(12)wonder whether + to-V/ clause wonder where/what/how + to-V
He asked himself, "Shall I invite them?"
He asked himself, "Where shall I go?"
He asked himself, "What shall I read first?"
He wondered whether to invite them./ He wondered whether he should invite them
He wondered where to go He wondered what to read first PHẦN B: BÀI TẬP
Bài
PERFECT GERUNDS AND PERFECT PARTICIPLES
I Complete the following sentences with perfect gerund or perfect participle He was accused of (desert) his ship
2 He denied (be) _ there
3 The children admitted (take) _ the money
4 I object to him _ (make) private calls on the office phone
5 _ (be) his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another
6 _ (tie) one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the other end out of the window (read) the instruction, he snatched up the fire extinguisher
8 Peter denied (see) _ the accused man on the day of the crime _ (complete) the book, he had a holiday
10 Last year I studied abroad I appreciate (have) the opportunity to live and study in a foreign country
II Choose the best answer
1 _ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous A Having slept
B have slept C Having been slept D have been slept
2 She’s angry about _ to the farewell party last night A not having invited
B not to have invited
C not having been invited D not to have been invited
3 _ in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights A Having painted B To have painted
(13)D To have been painted
4.The stockbroker denied of the secret business deal A having informed B to have informed
C having been informed D to have been informed
5 They now regret their son by providing too many material possessions A having spoiled
B to have spoiled
C having been spoiled D to have been spoiled
6 _ to the party, we could hardly refuse to go A Having invited B To have invited
C Having been invited D To have been invited
7. _ all the papers, Sarah put them back in the file A To have photocopied B Having photocopied
C to have been photocopied D Having been
ĐÁP ÁN I
1 having deserting having been having taken having made Having been
6 Having tied Having read having seen Having completed 10 having had II
(14)Bài
THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
I Use the present perfect continuous tense to complete the sentences How long ………for me? (you | wait)
2 What …………since he returned? (John | do)
3 Why ………meat lately? (you | not eat) There’s so much snow on the road ………… all night? (it | snow)
5 Why …………for such a long time? (Sam and Mary | argue) …… my shampoo? There’s not much left (you | use) How long …………glasses? (Jill | not wear)
8 ……… since you decided to take the exam? (you | revise) Where ………lately? (your dad | work)
10 Your hands are covered with chocolate ……… a cake? (you | make) II.Use the present perfect continuous tense to complete the sentences
1.A: George, how long ………you ……Japanese? (learn) B: Japanese? Wait a minute For about five years 2.A: What a lovely smell!
B: My mum ……… some cakes (bake) 3.A: Why are your hands so dirty? B: I ………my car (clean)
4.A: You look so tired You should have a rest B: Should I? But I …… so hard (not work) 5.A: Why …… Sarah … out lately? (not go) B: She broke her leg while she was skiing
ĐÁP ÁN I
1 How long have you been waiting for me? What has John been doing since he returned?
3 Why have you not been eating | haven’t you been eating meat lately? Has it been snowing all night?
5 Why have Sam and Mary been arguing for such a long time? Have you been using my shampoo?
7 How long has Jill not been wearing | hasn’t Jill been wearing glasses? Have you been revising since you decided to take the exam?
(15)II
1 have you been learning has been baking
3 have been cleaning have not been working has … not been going Bài
RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ I Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases
1 Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
2 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country The children who attend that school receive a good education The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood
5 Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page They live in the house that was built in 1890
7 The papers that are on the table belong to Patrica The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle
9 The number of students who have been counted is quite high
10 George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the convention II.Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase
1 I don’t like him playing in the street I wish we had a garden that he could play in He simply loves parties He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights
4 The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable
5 I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with ĐÁP ÁN
I
1 Do you know the woman coming towards us?
2 I come from a city located in the southern part of the country The children attending that school receive a good education The fence surrounding our house is made of wood
5 Be sure to follow the instructions given at the top of the page They live in the house built in 1890
(16)10 George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention II
1 I don’t like him playing in the street I wish we had a garden for him to play He simply loves parties He is always the first to come and the last to leave The last person to leave the room must turn off the lights
4 The first man to be interviewed was entirely unsuitable I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything to open it Bài
CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI Add question tags for each sentence below:
1 She’s from a small town in China, ? He's still sleeping, ?
3 We’re late again, ?
4 I’m not the person with the tickets, ? You go to school, ?
6 The weather is really bad today, ? Let's go for a walk, ?
8 They aren’t in Mumbai at the moment, ? We won't be late, ?
10 John’s a very good student, ? 11 Nobody called, ?
12 She doesn’t work in a hotel, ? 13 They will wash the car, ? 14 We live in a tiny flat, ? 15 We must lock the doors, ?
ĐÁP ÁN isn’t she
2 isn't he aren’t we am I don't you?
6 isn’t it shall we are they will we 10 isn’t he
11 did they 12 does she 13 won't they 14 don’t we 15 mustn't we Bài
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI I Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
(17)3 If metal (get) hot, it (expand)
4 If you (stand) in the rain, you (get) wet
5 If anyone (ring) the bell, don’t (open) the door
6 If my father (not, sleep) well, he (drink) coffee before going to bed If you (press) this button, the machine (stop)
8 If you (multiply) to 8, you (get) 48
9 If anyone (call), say that I (be, not) at home
10 If you (go) to the Post Office, you (mail) this letter for me II Choose the suitable clauses below to complete statements
A they are blind for six days B they show their affection C the loser often dies
D they have to leave their mothers E lions fight them off
1 If lions rub each other’s heads, ……… If any strange males try to enter their territory, ……… If lions start fighting, ……… If cubs are born, ……… If male cubs are two years old, ………
ĐÁP ÁN I
1 expose, burns heat, turns gets, expands stand get rings, open
6 doesn’t sleep, drinks press, stops
8 multiply, get calls, am not 10 go, mail II
1 B E C A D
1 If lions rub each other’s heads, they show their affection
(18)4 If cubs are born, they are blind for six days
5 If male cubs are two years old, they have to leave their mothers Bài
CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Put the sentences into reported speech
1 “If the weather is fine, I will go on a picnic with my friends,” she said ………
2 “What would you if you had three days off?” I asked him ………
3 “I would have come to see you if I had known your address, Jim” she said ………
4 “I’m sure she will help you if you ask her.” , he told me ………
5 “If Today were Sunday, we wouldn’t go to school.” They said to me ………
6.She said to me, “If I were you, I wouldn’t tell her about this.” ………
7 “There would not be enough seats if a lot of guests came.” He said ………
8 “You will be surprised if you meet him.” , Peter said to Linda ………
9.The boy said : “I won’t be strong if I don’t swim every day.” ………
10 “What would you if you saw a snake?” Nam asked Nga ………
11 “We’ll have lunch outside in the garden if it’s not cold.” ,Mr John said ………
12 “Tom would win more races if he trained hard.” , The man said ………
13 “If you feel like a chat, phone me tonight.” David said to me ………
14 “If you hadn’t eaten so much junk food, you would have been a lot fitter.” Mother said ………
15 “I will be surprised if Mary doesn’t pass the exam.” , our teacher said ………
ĐÁP ÁN
1 She said If the weather were fine, she would go on a picnic with her friends I asked him what would he if he had three days off
3 She told Jim that she would have come to see him if she had known his address He told me that he was sure she would help me if I asked her
(19)10 Nam asked Nga what would she if she saw a snake
11 Mr John said that they would have lunch outside in the garden if it’s not cold 12 The man said that Tom would win more races if he trained hard
13 David told me that if I felt like a chat, phone him that night
14 Mother said that if I hadn’t eaten so much junk food, I would have been a lot fitter 15 Our teacher said that he would be surprised if Mary didn’t pass the exam
Bài
CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT VỚI TO VERB/ V-ING Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech with Gerund
1.“Why don’t we organize an English competition for our students?” said Ms Lien Ms Lien suggested ………
2.“I’m sorry I’m late,’ said Mr Thanh Mr Thanh apologized ………
3.“Me? No, I didn’t take Sue’s calculator,” Said Bob Bob denied ………
4.“You took my pencil,” said David to Henry David accused ………
5.“I must see the manager,” he cried He insisted ………
6.“If you wanted to take my bike, you should have asked me first,” said Mike to his brother Mike criticized ………
7.“ You won the scholarship Congratulation!” Mary told me Mary congratulated ………
8 “Shall I open the window for you, Edna?” he said He offered
9 “I’ll wait for you I promise,” he said to me He promised
10 “Would you like to come with me?” John said to Mary John invited
11 “Don’t forget to take the holiday,” Mark said to me Mark reminded me
12 “No, I’m sorry, I won’t work on Saturday,” said Victoria Victoria refused
13 “I thought you took a holiday last summer,” Tom said to Sophia John expected Sophia
(20)The king ordered ………
15 Louis said, “Yes, all right, I’ll share the bill with you, Lisa” Louis agreed
ĐÁP ÁN
1 Ms Lien suggested organizing an English competition for their students Mr Thanh apologized for being late
3 Bob denied taking Sue’s calculator David accused Henry of taking his pencil He insisted on seeing the manager
6 Mike criticized his brother for taking his bike without asking him first Mary congratulated me on winning the scholarship
8 He offfered to open the window for Edna He promised to wait for me
10 John invited Mary to come with him 11 Mark reminded me to take the holiday 12 Victoria refused to work on Saturday
13 John expected Sophia to take a holiday the previous summer 14 The king ordered guard to take him to prison
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