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Tài liệu tham khảo môn Anh với chuyên đề: Relative Clauses - Mệnh đề quan hệ dành cho các bạn học sinh và quý thầy cô nhằm phục vụ cho công tác giảng dạy, học tập và ôn thi Đại học. Mời quý thầy cô và các bạn tham khảo để củng cố kiến thức và trau dồi kinh nghiệm.
Cơ VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHĨA NGỮ PHÁP RELATIVE CLAUSES ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) A Khái niệm: Đại từ quan hệ: who, which, that… Dùng để thay cho danh từ trước mở đầu mệnh đề quan hệ.Đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ The people who/ that work with me are very friendly The car which/that he bought last year has broken down Mệnh đề quan hệ: Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đại từ trước, có chức tính từ nên cịn gọi mệnh đề tính ngữ ( adjective clause).Có ba loại mệnh đề quan hệ bản: a/ Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn: ( Restrictive relative clause) b/ Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn: ( Non-restrictive relative clause) c/ Mệnh đề quan hệ liên hợp: (connective relative clause) B Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ: I Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn: ( Restrictive relative clause) Là mệnh đề quan trọng cho ý nghĩa câu, có chức phân biệt danh từ trước với danh từ khác đồng loại.Chúng ta lược bỏ loại mệnh đề Các đại từ, tính từ quan hệ dùng mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn: For persons For things Subject Who/that Which/that Object Whom/who/that Which/that Possessive whose Whose/of which * Với người: 1/ Làm chủ ngữ: Sau who/that động từ trợ động từ Dung who/that chủ ngữ để kết hợp câu từ lặp lại người làm chủ ngữ câu đơn thứ hai The man who/ that teaches us English comes from London S RC V Main clause The woman who/ that lives next door to us is a doctor The people who/that live in my neibourhood are very hospitable The man who robbed you has been arrested The girls who serve in the shop are the owner’s daughters Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in Would anyone who saw the accident please get in touch with the police? A mathematician is someone/a person who studies maths A writer is someone/a person who writes books Notes: Khi kết hợp câu, dùng đại từ quan hệ, cần lưu ý: - Đại từ quan hệ phải đứng sau danh từ đại từ mà thay The man was English.He invented the theory of evolution Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP The man who invented the theory of evolution was English ( Không dùng: The man was English who invented…) - Động từ sau đại từ quan hệ chia số it hay số nhiều phụ thuộc vào danh từ đại từ mà đại từ quan hệ thay The man who works for us is a skilful worker/ The people who work for us are skilful workers She is one of those who like spending money Is it he or I who am to go? - Phải lược bỏ danh từ đại từ lặp lại câu đơn thứ hai 2/ Làm tân ngữ (object) Sau whom/who/that mệnh đề Trường hợp ta lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ mà không ảnh hưởng đến nghĩa câu.Dung whom/who/that tân ngữ để kết hợp câu từ lặp lại người làm tân ngữ câu đơn thứ hai The man (whom) I met on the train was going to Berlin The girls (whom) he employs are always complaining about their pay Notes: Với động từ có giới từ kèm, giới từ đặt trước whom The friend with whom I was travelling spoke English very well Or The friend who/that I was travelling with spoke English very well 3/ Sở hữu ( possessive) Whose dùng để thay cho tính từ sở hữu (my,her, his,their…) sau whose luôn danh từ The woman was a French physicist Her father was Polish => The woman whose father was Polish was a French physicist People whose rents rents have been raised can appeal The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him An orphan is a child whose parents are dead The man was an English physicist whose name is famous in the history of electricity The man whose house is the biggest in the village is a millionaire A mathematician is a person whose interest is in mathematics * Với vật: Làm chủ ngữ: Sau which/ that động từ trợ động từ Dùng which/ that chủ ngữ để kết hợp câu từ lặp lại vật làm chủ ngữ câu đơn thứ hai The house is now worth $ 20,000 It cost $ 10,000 last month The house which/that cost $ 10,000 last month is now worth $ 20,000 The cars which/that are made in Japan are very good and economical The songs which/that were written in the war time are timeless * Which ( khơng dùng that) dùng để thay cho mệnh đề Jim passed his driving test This surprised everybody Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody ( Which = the fact that Jim passed his driving test) Sheila couldn’t come to the party, which was a pity The weather was very good, which we hadn’t expected I had paid all the money before I received the goods It was stupid of me => I had paid all the money before I received the goods,which was stupid of me 2/ Làm tân ngữ (object) Sau which/that mệnh đề Trường hợp ta lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ mà không ảnh hưởng đến nghĩa câu.Dùng which/that tân ngữ để kết hợp câu từ lặp lại vật làm tân ngữ câu đơn thứ hai The language (which/that) we are learning is the most popular in the world Cơ VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHĨA NGỮ PHÁP ( The language is the most popular in the world We are learning it) The car which they bought last year has broken down The watch (which) I am wearing is very accurate The exam (which) we took last year was very difficult The poems (which/ that) Xuan Dieu wrote are about love The mobile phone which I am using was made in China * So sánh WHAT & THAT What = the thing(s) that Thank you for what ( = the things that) you have done I can lend you $5 It's all that I have I don't understand what you mean They give their children everything that they want What surprised everybody was John's exam result 3/ Sở hữu ( possessive) Whose/ of which dùng để thay cho tính từ sở hữu (its, their…) vật, nhưng: Whose + Noun Noun + of which The house is ours Its doors are green The house whose doors are green is ours/ The house the doors of which are green is ours The house whose roof/ the roof of which was blown off by the hurricane is now in bad condition II Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn (Non-restrictive relative clause) Là mệnh đề phụ để dùng để nói rõ nghĩa cho danh từ trước, cần ta lược bỏ mà không ảnh hưởng đến nghĩa câu Mệnh đề không giới hạn theo sau danh từ xác định ( danh từ xác định danh từ riêng, tính từ sở hữu + danh từ, tính từ định + danh từ) ngăn cách với mệnh đề dấu phẩy Chú ý: - THAT không dùng mệnhđề - Không lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ tân ngữ Các đại từ, tính từ quan hệ dùng mệnh đề không giới hạn For persons For things Subject Who Which Object Whom/who Which Possessive whose Whose/of which Newton , who invented the theory of gravity/graviation, was a famous English scientist President Ho Chi Minh, whom we admire, was an outstanding leader Jame Watt, whose invention of steam engine is famous throughout the world, was a Scottish inventor My dictionary, which has 150,000 words, is very useful to my studies English, which we are learning, is the most international in the world My television, whose case is made of wood, was made in Russia III Mệnh đề quan hệ liên hợp (Connective relative clause) Mệnh đề liên hợp thường theo sau túc từ động từ để tiếp tục câu nói I have a car which was made in Japan They have two cars They rarely use one of them They have two cars, one of which they rarely use So sánh: Mr Brown has two daughters Both of them are doctors Mr brown has two daughters, both of whom are doctors Mr Brown has two daughters They are doctors Cơ VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHĨA NGỮ PHÁP Mr Brown has two daughters who are doctors All of/ most of/none of/neither of/any of/either of/ some of/many of/ much of/ (a) few of/ both of/ half of/ each of/ one of/ two of …etc + whom/ which Mary has three brothers All of them are married => Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married They asked me a lot of questions I couldn’t answer most of them => They asked me a lot of queations, most of which I couldn’t answer Tom tried on three jackets, none of which fitted him Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office They have got three cars They rarely use two of them => They have got three cars, two of which they rarely use She has got a lot of friends, many of whom she was at school with * Relative adverbs: Where, when, why 1/ WHERE ( = IN WHICH/ AT WHICH)được dùng để thay cho trạng từ nơi chốnSau WHERE mệnh đề ( không dùng WHERE làm chủ ngữ) I love Vietnam I was born and grew up in Vietnam/there I love Vietnam where/in which I was born and grew up ( where thay cho in Vietnam/there) Do you remember the place where/at which you first met? He went to Hollywood where/in which he made a film In 1919, He went to the Italian Front where he was badly wounded This is the school where/ at which I used to study A birthplace is a plcace where you were born A cinema is a place where films are shown A cemetery is a place where dead people are buried A laboratory is a room where experiments are done Do you remember the shop where you bought this book? 2/ WHEN( = IN/ ON/ AT WHICH) dùng để thay cho trạng từ thời gian 1975 is the year when/in which I was born It was the time when we lived happily I must find a time when I can tell you the truth I still remember a time when/at which cars rarely seen in the village I still remember a time when people had to queue 3/ WHY The reason (why)+ clause + is/was that + clause + to V The reason why I don’t like him is that he is dishonest The reason why we come here is to learn English The reason why I don’t like that house is that it hasn’t got a garden The reason why I like working as a teacher is that I love children The reason why he was late for work was that his car broke on half way Một số câu hỏi áp dụng 1) The book I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive A who B whose C that D B & C are corre 2) What’s the name of the blonde girl just came in? A who B whose C whom D A & B are correct 3) I don’t like people lose their tempers easily A who B whose C that D A & C are correct Cơ VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHĨA NGỮ PHÁP 4) Mexico City, has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world A which B whose C that D A & B are corre 5) This is Henry, sister works for my father A who B whose C that D.All are correct 6) He’s the man people like at first sight A who B whom C that D All are correct 7) Could you iron the trousers are hanging up behind the door? A who B which C that D B & C are correct 8) Where is the girl sells tickets? A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct 9) The man we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct 10) The artist name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen A who B whose C that D A & C are correct Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ When: trạng từ quan hệ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ thời gian, dùng thay cho at, on, in + which, then Eg: May Day is the day when people hold a meeting (= on which) I’ll never forget the day when I met her (=on which) That was the time when he managed the company (= at which) Where: trạng từ quan hệ nơi trốn, thay cho a, on, in + which; there) Eg: That is the house where we used to live (= in which) Do you know the country where I was born? Hanoi is the place where I like to come Why: trạng từ quan hệ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ “the reason”, dùng thay cho “for the reason” Eg: Please tell me the reason why you are so sad (= for which) He told me the reason why he had been absent from class the day before EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES I Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb She is the most intelligent woman I’ve ever met this woman This doctor is famous You visited him yesterday These children are orphans She is taking care of these children The two young men are not good persons You are acquainted with them My father goes swimming everyday You met him this morning The man is my father I respect this man most The man is my father I respect his opinion most Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday I’ll introduce you to the man His support is necessary for your project 10 The middle-aged man is the director My father is talking to him 11 The boy is my cousin You make fun of him 12 The student is from china He sits next to me 13 I thanked the woman This woman had helped me 14 The professor is excellent I am taking his course 15 Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me I had come to see him 16 I saw a lot of people and horses They went to market 17 Tom has three sisters All of them are married 18 I recently went back to Paris It is still as beautiful as a pearl 19 I recently went back to Paris I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago 20 Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio 21 You didn’t tell us the reason We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason 22 The day was rainy She left on that day 23 I’ve sent him two letters He has received neither of them 24 That man is an artist I don’t remember the man’s name 25 One of the elephants had only one tusk We saw these elephants at the zoo 26 That car belongs to Dr Clark Its engine is very good 27 You sent me a present Thank you very much for it 28 This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year 29 Rod Lee has won an Oscar I know his sister 30 Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it 31 A man answered the phone He said Tom was out 32 7.05 is the time My plane arrives then Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP 33 Max isn’t home yet That worries me 34 Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green 35 Last week I went to see the house I used to live in it 36 I don’t know the girl’s name She’s just gone into the hall 37 Be sure to follow the instructions They are given at the top of the page 38 Hoan Kiem lake is a historical place Its water is always blue KEY TO EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES I She is the most intelligent woman (that) I’ve ever met 2.This doctor, whom you visited yesterday, is famous These children,whom she is taking care of, are orphans The two young men, whom you are acquainted with, are not good persons My father, whom you met this morning, goes swimming everyday The man whom I respect most is my father The man whose opinion I respect most is my father Mary and Margaret whom you met yesterday are twins I’ll introduce you to the man whose support is necessary for your project 10 The middle-aged man is the director whom my father is talking to 11 The boy whom you make fun of is my cousin 12 The student who sits next to me is from China 13 I thanked the woman who had helped me 14 The professor whose course I am taking is excellent 15 Mr Smith, who I had come to see, said he was too busy to speak to me 16 I saw a lot of people and horses that went to the market 17 Tom has three sisters, all of whom are married 18 I recently went back to Paris, which is still as beautiful as a pearl 19 I recently went back to Paris, in which I was born nearly 50 years ago 20.Do you know the music which is being played on the radio? 21 You didn’t tell us the reason for which we have to cut down our daily expenses 22 The day on which/when she left was rainy 23 I’ve sent him two letters, neither of which he has received 24 That man, whose name I don’t remember, is an artist 25 One of the elephants which we saw at the zoo had only one tusk 26 That car, the engine of which is very good, belongs to Dr Clark 27 Thank you very much for the present which you sent me 28 This is Mrs Jones, whose son won the championship last year 29 I’ll introduce you the man whose support is necessary for your project 30 Rod Lee, whose sister I know has won an Oscar 31 Is this the style of hair which your wife wants to have? 32 A man who answered the phone said Tom was out 33 7.05 is the time at which my plane arrives 34 Max isn’t home yet, which worries me 35 Do you know the building the windows of which are painted green? 36 Last week I went to see the house in which I used to live 37 I don’t know the name of the girl who has just gone into the hall 38 Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page 39 Hoan Kiem lake, the water of which is always blue, is a historical place ... ngăn cách với mệnh đề dấu phẩy Chú ý: - THAT không dùng mệnhđề - Không lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ tân ngữ Các đại từ, tính từ quan hệ dùng mệnh đề không giới hạn For persons For things Subject Who... II Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn (Non-restrictive relative clause) Là mệnh đề phụ để dùng để nói rõ nghĩa cho danh từ trước, cần ta lược bỏ mà không ảnh hưởng đến nghĩa câu Mệnh đề không giới... had ever seen A who B whose C that D A & C are correct Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ When: trạng từ quan hệ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ thời gian, dùng thay