The theory and practice of the dewey decimal classification system

The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System CHANDOS INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL SERIES Series Editor: Ruth Rikowski (email: Rikowskigr@aol.com) Chandos’ new series of books are aimed at the busy information professional They have been specially commissioned to provide the reader with an authoritative view of current thinking They are designed to provide easy-to-read and (most importantly) practical coverage of topics that are of interest to librarians and other information professionals If you would like a full listing of current and forthcoming titles, please visit our web site www.chandospublishing.com or contact Hannah Grace-Williams on email info@chandospublishing.com or telephone number +44 (0) 1865 884447 New authors: we are always pleased to receive ideas for new titles; if you would like to write a book for Chandos, please contact Dr Glyn Jones on email gjones@chandospublishing.com or telephone number +44 (0) 1865 884447 Bulk orders: some organisations buy a number of copies of our books If you are interested in doing this, we would be pleased to discuss a discount Please contact Hannah Grace-Williams on email info@chandospublishing.com or telephone number +44 (0) 1865 884447 The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System M.P SATIJA Guru Nanak Dev University Oxford · England Chandos Publishing Oxford · England Chandos Publishing (Oxford) Limited Chandos House & Steadys Lane Stanton Harcourt Oxford OX29 5RL UK Tel: +44 (0) 1865 884447 Fax: +44 (0) 1865 884448 Email: info@chandospublishing.com www.chandospublishing.com First published in Great Britain in 2007 ISBN: 978 84334 234 (paperback) 978 84334 235 (hardback) 84334 234 (paperback) 84334 235 (hardback) © M.P Satija, 2007 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the Publishers This publication may not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published without the prior consent of the Publishers Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages The Publishers make no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this publication and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions The material contained in this publication constitutes general guidelines only and does not represent to be advice on any particular matter No reader or purchaser should act on the basis of material contained in this publication without first taking professional advice appropriate to their particular circumstances Typeset by Domex e-Data Pvt Ltd Printed and bound in Great Britain by 4edge Ltd, Hockley www.4edge.co.uk Preface Dewey belongs to all; it escaped from Amherst nearly a century ago It has crossed oceans and penetrated continents (Joel C Downing) The system of library classification whose technique flashed into the struggling and enquiring mind of the 22-year-old Melvil Dewey on a May morning in 1873 is still the most popular and famous of the big three library classifications Its use spread across America and then the whole world soon after its publication in 1876 At present about 200,000 libraries and information centres in about 135 countries and more than 60 national bibliographies and other catalogues are using it to organise their bibliographic wares The sun never sets on its everspreading empire It is now venturing to find uses in the cyber world For example, the Webrary (http://www.webrary.org) and the UK Web Library (http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/wwlib) are using it to organise and access their contents Even a hotel, aptly named the Library Hotel, in New York (http://www.libraryhotel.com) is organised on Dewey’s system This book aims to introduce students and working librarians to the theory and practice of the DDC based on its Twenty-second Edition (2003) For theoretical background it describes in brief the system’s eventful history of more than 13 decades The mechanics of the system, how it has constantly evolved and how it is now maintained, the layout of the print version and the process of subject analysis of documents in the context of the system are explained in detail As the DDC is primarily an enumerative classification the major emphasis is on number location through the systematic schedules With number synthesis at the heart of the system much more stress is laid on number building using the schedules and six auxiliary tables A chapter has been devoted to each of these aspects, including one on multiple synthesis Many typical examples have been given for practice in number building The examples have been graded, and no background knowledge has been assumed on the part of the user A separate chapter on the Relative Index explains the xi The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System need for, structure and operation of this alphabetical index The chapter on history is further supplemented by a chronology given in Appendix A small tutorial of 60 questions in Appendix aims to test the learning of the readers, while the answers to these questions in Appendix provide a refresher course A brief glossary explains the terms used in this book in layperson’s language, while the select bibliography lists key references for scholars who want to delve further Though the book is aimed at beginners, working cataloguers may find it useful and rewarding reading It offers glimpses of the philosophical underpinnings and a complete course for training learners in the ropes of the DDC system The graded process of number building used in the book demonstrates the increasingly faceted structure of the system built on an enumerative foundation, and its advances towards deeper subject analysis and the classification of micro documents To avoid clouding the issue with too many words the number building has been depicted though equations and facet formulas This stimulating approach may prompt the readers to find out more of the nuances of the DDC system The examples chosen, of necessity, are largely imaginative to illustrate the classification of different subjects from all over the world and to demonstrate the versatility of the DDC Nevertheless, the examples are not far from literary reality The aim is to be amply illustrative and to introduce step by step and in a simple but clear way all the issues and methods that are involved in the DDC MPS xii Acknowledgements First and foremost I thank my friend and mentor the late Dr John Comaromi (1937–91), Editor of the Twentieth Edition and one of the most knowledgeable people on the Dewey Decimal Classification of his time Had he been alive today he could well have been the co-author of this book Nevertheless, his benevolent spirit, wit and keen insights have guided me throughout this book I also thank Ms Libbie Crawford of the OCLC for providing the information in her purview which I requested Dr Glyn Jones is thanked heartily for his interest in the project and his patience, while Peter Williams deserves thanks for his work as copyeditor Last but not the least I thank all the authors whose works and ideas have been used and cited in this text MPS xiii List of abbreviations ALA CIP CRG DC& DCD DCEPC DDC DfW EPC ESS LC MARC OCLC RI ss SUNY T1–6 UDC WASP American Library Association Cataloguing in Publication Classification Research Group, London Decimal Classification, Additions, Notes, Decisions Decimal Classification Division, Library of Congress Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee Dewey Decimal Classification Dewey for Windows Editorial Policy Committee Editorial Support System Library of Congress Machine Readable Catalogue Online Computer Library Center Relative Index standard subdivision State University of New York Tables 1–6 respectively Universal Decimal Classification White Anglo-Saxon Protestant xv List of figures and tables Figures 5.1 Assigning a class number 10.1 Structure of main class 800 Literature 58 100 Tables 1.1 Brief publishing history of the DDC 1.2 Growth of the Abridged Edition 14 11.1 Base number 110 11.2 Pattern of the languages table 111 xvii About the author Dr M.P Satija is Professor and Head of the Department of Library and Information Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India He is one of the authors of DDC: A Practical Guide, 2nd edn (OCLC), A Dictionary of Knowledge Organization (Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India) and the Manual of Practical Colon Classification, 4th edn (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2002) in addition to more than a hundred articles published in Indian and foreign journals As well as other collaborators he has worked with two successive editors of the DDC, and for the last two decades he has been a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Knowledge Organization Recently he has been appointed a member of the Advisory Board of the UDC Consortium (The Hague) The author may be contacted via the publishers xix The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System the Web Washington, DC, pp 15–17 (see: http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/ bibcontrol) Chan, L.M and Mitchell, J.S (ed.) (1996) Dewey Decimal Classification: Edition 21 and International Perspective Albany, NY: Forest Press Chan, L.M and Mitchell, J.S (2003) Dewey Decimal Classification: Principle and Application, 3rd edn Dublin, OH: OCLC Chressanthis, J.D (1995) ‘The reclassification decision: Dewey or Library of Congress’, Cataloguing and Classification Quarterly, 19 (3/4): 169–82 Cochrane, P and Johnson, E (1996) ‘Visual Dewey: DDC in a hypertextual browser for the library user’, in R Green (ed.), Knowledge Organization and Change: Proceedings of the 4th International ISKO Conference Frankfurt: Indeks Verlag, pp 95–106 Coleman, Antia S (2004) ‘A code for classifiers: whatever happened to Merrill’s code’, Knowledge Organisation, 31 (3): 161–76 Comaromi, John P (1976) The Eighteen Editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification Albany, NY: Forest Press Comaromi, John P (1983) ‘The foundation of the Dewey Decimal Classification: the First Edition’, in G Stevenson and J Karmer-Greene (eds), Melvil Dewey: The Man and the Classification Albany, NY: Forest Press Connaway, L.S and Sievert, M.C (1996) ‘Comparison of three classification systems for information on health insurance’, Cataloguing and Classification Quarterly, 23 (2): 89–104 Cope, R.L (2002) ‘In the beginning’, Australian Library Journal, 51 (4): 375–6 Crawford, L (2001) ‘People, places and things introduced’, OCLC Newsletter, 254: 36–7 Custer, Benjamin A (1981) ‘The view from the editor’s chair’, Indian Librarian, 35 (4) Daniels, W and Martin, C (2000) ‘Dewey applications for the simple arrangement of a link library: the case of ScienceNet’, Journal of Internet Cataloging, (1): 67–77 Davis, D.G (2002) Winsor, Dewey, and Putnam: The Boston Experience Champaign, IL: Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Day, M., Koch, T and Neurith, H (2001) ‘Renardus: cross-browsing European subject gateways via a common classification system (DDC)’, in Subject Retrieval in a Network Environment, papers presented at an IFLA Satellite Meeting sponsored by the IFLA Section 192 References and further reading on Classification and Indexing and IFLA Section of Information Technology, OCLC, 14–16 August, Dublin, Ohio, USA Desmarais, N (2000) ‘Dewey for Windows 2.0’, Book Report, 19 (2): 82 ‘Dewey Decimal Classification its past, present and future: an interview with Peter J Paulson’ (1994) Library Times International, 10 (4): 49–50 ‘Dewey Decimal seek and find’ (2002) School Library Media Activities Monthly, 19 (1): 23–4 ‘Dewey gets a new editor’ (1993) DC&, (15): ‘Dewey table hopscotch’ (2002) School Library Media Activities Monthly, 18 (7): ‘Dewey’s 125th anniversary celebrated at IFLA’ (2001) OCLC Newsletter, 254: 30–1 Dodd, D.G (1996) ‘Grass-roots cataloging and classification: food for thought from World Wide Web subject-oriented hierarchical lists’, Library Resources and Technical Services, 40 (3): 275–86 Dong-Geun, O and Ji-Suk, Y (2001) ‘Suggesting an option for DDC Class Religion (200) for nation in which religious diversity predominates’, Knowledge Organisation, 28 (2): 75–84 Durlik, A (2002) ‘The Bibliothèque National de France: my French experience’, Librarian and Culture, 37 (3): 256–68 Fairclough, I (2002) ‘Is WebDewey for you?’, TechKNOW: Quarterly Review of Bright Ideas for the Technical Services Division of the Ohio Library Council, (3): 1–3 Fedden, T (2001) ‘Figuring out the Dewey Decimal System: dollars and sense’, The Unabashed Librarian, 118: 15–16 Fields, A.M and Connell, T.H (2004) ‘Classification and the definition of a discipline: the Dewey Decimal Classification and home economics’, Libraries and Culture, 39 (3): 245–59 Finni, J.J and Paulson, P.J (1987) ‘DDC enters the computer age’, International Cataloguing, 16 (4): 40–8 Fountain, J.F (2001) ‘Dewey for Windows’, Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services, 25 (2): 236–7 Gangu, B.T and Rao, R.P (2002) ‘Classification, new subjects and Dewey Decimal Classification overcoming eighteenth edition limitations’, Annals of Library and Information Studies, 49 (1): 13–22 Gauder, B (2003) ‘Team efforts keep the DDC nimble’, OCLC Newsletter, 261: 15 Godby, C.J (1996) ‘Enhancing the indexing vocabulary of the Dewey Decimal Classification’, Annual Review of OCLC Research, pp 30–3 Godby, C.J (2001) ‘Enhancing the indexing vocabulary of the Dewey 193 The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System Decimal Classification’, Journal of Library Administration, 34 (1/2): 191–8 Gold, H (1997) ‘A Dewey for Windows reference sheet’, Technicalities, 17 (5): 10–11 Gupta, S (1997) Decimal Classification System: A Bibliography for the Period 1876–1994 New Delhi: M.D Publications Hansson, J (1997) ‘Why public libraries in Sweden did not choose Dewey’, Knowledge Organisation, 24: 145–53 Hickey, T.B and Vizine-Goetz, D (2001) ‘The role of classification in CORC’, Journal of Library Administration, 34 (3/4): 421–30 Hider, P (2004) ‘Learners to classify: online versus printed Dewey’, Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science, (1): 15–25 Holley, R.P (2001) ‘An interview with Karen M Drabenstott’, Cataloging and Classification Quarterly, 32 (2): 5–29 (see: http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdiz/bib control) Hudelson, N (2003) ‘Elementary school – Dewey Decimal System students illustrate library posters’, School Arts, 102 (6): 30 Hunter, Eric J (2002) Classification Made Simple, 2nd edn Aldershot: Ashgate, p 84 Intner, S.S (1999) ‘An interview with Dewey’s Peter Paulson’, Technicalities, 19 (3): 2–3 Janofsky, M (2002) ‘What would Dewey do? Libraries grapple with Internet’, New York Times, December, p A13 Jenkins, C and Jackson, M (1998) ‘Automatic classification of web resources using Java and Dewey Decimal Classification’, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 30 (2/3): 646–8 Jianbo, D and Hangins, H (2005) ‘Principles of the automatic mapping system of library classification, taking CLC and DDC as the example’, Journal of China Society for Scientific and Technical Information, 24 (3): 249–303 Jones, S (2002) ‘Classification: are we overdoing it?’, Library and Information Update, (1): 24 Jouguelet, S (1998) ‘Various applications of the Dewey Decimal Classification at the Bibliothèque Nationale De France’, Library Review, 47 (3 & 4): 206–10 Junion-Metz, G (2002) ‘Dewey made fun: novel ways for kids to learn the classification system online’, School Library Journal, 48 (8): 31 Kappler, A.C (1997) ‘Dewey for Windows evaluation’, Library Software Review, 16 (4): 215–29 Kepner, L.T (2002) ‘Workable solutions with Dewey classification’, Technicalities, 22 (4): (9): 12–13 194 References and further reading Khan, A (2004) ‘Dewey Decimal Classification 22 and beyond: a study of the new edition of Dewey Decimal Classification’, Pakistan Library and Information Science Journal, 35 (3): 9–17 Khan, S.N (2004) ‘Expansion of DDC 21st Edition Number 297.63 for Sirah’, Pakistan Library and Information Science Journal, 35 (4): 16–25 Kua, E (2004) ‘Non-Western languages and literatures in the Dewey Decimal Classification scheme’, Libri, 54 (4): 256–65 Kublik, A et al (2004) ‘Adopting dominant classifications to particular contexts’, Cataloguing and Classification Quarterly, 37 (1/2): 13–31 Kuhn, T.J (1999) ‘Notes on operations: classifying newspapers using Dewey Decimal Classification’, Library Resources and Technical Services, 43 (2): 106–13 Landry, Patrice (2006) ‘The use of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) for the organisation of national bibliographies: Switzerland, Germany and Austria’, International Cataloguing and Bibliographic Control, 35 (3): 59–61 Lankford, M (2002) ‘Dewey & the Decimals (book)’, School Library Journal, 48 (3): 263 Lawson, D (2001) ‘You’ve come a long way Dewey’, OCLC Newsletter, 254: 34–5 Lawson, D (2002) ‘Abridged web Dewey brings electronic classification to smaller libraries’, OCLC Newsletter, March/April: 13 ‘LC subject heading, Dewey numbers linked on web’ (1997) Advanced Technology Libraries, 26 (1): Lewis, N and Seago, K (1999) ‘An automated reclassification project at the University of Kentucky’, Cataloguing and Classification Quarterly, 28 (4): 117–34 Ligon, S (2002) ‘Doing Dewey once more with feeling’, School Library Media Activities Monthly, 19 (2): 28–9 Liu, S (1993) The Automatic Decomposition of DDC Synthesized Numbers PhD Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles Liu, S (1997) ‘Decomposing DDC synthesized numbers’, International Cataloguing and Bibliographic Control, 26 (3): 58–62 Maltby, Authur (1975) Sayers’ Manual of Classification, 5th edn London: André Deutsch Marsh, E (1999) ‘Improving communication in the next century’, OCLC Newsletter, 237: 29–31 Merrill, W.S (1939) Code for Classifiers: Principles Governing the Consistent Placing of Books in a System of Classification, 2nd edn Chicago: ALA 195 The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System Miksa, F.L (1998) The DDC, the Universe of Knowledge, and the Postmodern Library Albany, NY: Forest Press Minkel, W (2001) ‘Site of the month: we browse? Dewey ever Dewey Browse Web Directory’, School Library Journal, 47 (12): 26 Mitchell, J.S (1994) ‘Dewey behind the scenes’, DC&, (5): 7–10 Mitchell, J.S (1995a) ‘DDC21 and beyond: the Dewey Decimal Classification prepares for the future’, Cataloguing and Classification Quarterly, 21 (2): 37–47 Mitchell, J.S (1995b) ‘Options in the Dewey Decimal Classification System: the current perspective’, Cataloguing and Classification Quarterly, 19 (3/4): 89–103 Mitchell, J.S (1996) ‘Dewey Decimal Classification: knowledge organization tool for the twenty-first century’, OCLC Newsletter, 222: 32–6 Mitchell, J.S (1997a) ‘The road ahead for library classification systems’, Cataloguing Australia, 23 (3/4): 41–51 Mitchell, J.S (1997b) ‘Challenges facing classification systems: a Dewey case study’, in Knowledge Organization for Information Retrieval: Proceedings of the 6th International Study Conference on Classification Research, University College, London The Hague: IFLA, pp 85–9 Mitchell, J.S (1998a) ‘Dewey used around the world’, OCLC Newsletter, 232: 25–7 Mitchell, J.S (1998b) ‘Flexible structures in the Dewey Decimal Classification’, Information Studies, (4): 212–16 Mitchell, J.S (2000) ‘The Dewey Decimal Classification in the twentyfirst century’, in R Marcella and A Maltby (eds), The Future of Classification Aldershot: Gower, pp 81–92 Mitchell, J.S (2003a) ‘DDC 22 offers many updates to Dewey users worldwide’, OCLC Newsletter, 261: 16–19 Mitchell, J.S (2003) DDC 22: An Introduction Paper presented at the World Library and Information Congress: 69th IFLA Conference, Berlin Mitchell, J.S (2004b) ‘DDC 22: an introduction’, International Cataloguing and Bibliographic Control, 33 (2): 27–31 Mitchell, J.S and Vizine-Goetz, D (eds) (2006) Moving Beyond the Presentation Layer: Content and Context in the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) System New York: Haworth Press Mundie, D.A (1993) ‘Organizing your computer, or how I learned to stop worrying and love the DDC’, DD&, (4): 6–9 Nash, L and Press, A (2001) ‘Taxonomies: structuring today’s knowledge management systems’, Information about Information Briefing, (26): 1–18 196 References and further reading New, G.R (1996) ‘Revision and stability in Dewey 21: the life sciences catch up’, in R Green (ed.), Knowledge Organization and Change: Proceedings of the 4th International ISKO Conference 1996, Washington, DC Frankfurt: Indeks Verlag, pp 386–95 New, G.R (1998) ‘Custer and modernization of Dewey’, Cataloguing and Classification Quarterly, 25 (2/3): 133–49 New, G and Trotter, R (1996) ‘Revising the life sciences for Dewey 21’, Catalogue and Index, 121: 1–6 ‘New WebDewey Services available from OCLC’ (2002) Computers in Libraries, April: 53 Nicholson, D., Dunsire, G and Neill, S (2002) ‘HILT: moving towards interoperability in subject terminologies’, Journal of Internet Cataloging, (4): 97–111 Niu, J (2002) ‘Building a national or international China bibliographic utility’, OCLC Systems and Services, 18 (4): 178–85 ‘OCLC research announces Dewey browser’ (2005) All Technology Lib, 34 (9): 1–10 Ohnemus, E (1998) ‘Dewey Cuttering made easier’, OCLC Newsletter, 235: 6–8 (see also Annual Review of OCLC Research 1996 at: http://www.oclc.org/oclc/menu/prodserv.htm) Okocha, K.F (1998) ‘An analysis of the inadequate treatment of African staple crops literature by Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme’, African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, (1): 23–30 Olding, R.K (1967) Readings in Library Cataloguing, Indian edition New Delhi: Lakshmi Bookstore Olson, H.A (1998) ‘Mapping beyond Dewey’s boundaries: constructing classificatory space for marginalized knowledge domains’, Library Trends, 47 (2): 233–54 Olson, H.A (2004) ‘The ubiquitous hierarchy: an army to overcome the threat of a mob’, Library Trends, 52 (3): 604–16 Olson, H.A and Ward, D.B (1997) ‘Feminist locales in Dewey’s landscape: mapping a marginalized organization for information retrieval’, in Proceedings of the 6th International Study Conference on Classification Research 1997, University College, London The Hague: IFLA, pp 129–33 O’Neill, E.T and McClain, P (2001) ‘Copy cataloging practices: use of the call number by Dewey libraries’, Journal of Library Administration, 34 (1/2): 93–102 Pathak, L.P (1995) ‘Sociology schedule in the DDC: filiatory structure, terminology, categorization and concept representation’, Knowledge Organization, 22 (3/4): 148–58 197 The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System Paulson, P.J (1993) ‘DDC and the Forest Press’, DC&, (4): People, Places and Things A List of Popular Subject Headings with Dewey Numbers Albany, NY: Forest Press, 2001 Pollitt, A.S and Tinker, A.J (1998) ‘Improving access to online information using dynamic faceted classification’, in Online Information 98 Proceedings of the Second International Online Information Meeting, London, 8–10 December 1998 Oxford: Learned Information Europe, pp 17–21 Ranganathan, S.R (1967) Prolegomena to Library Classification, 3rd edn Mumbai: Asia, p 382 Rollitt, K (1996) ‘The development of -93, the Dewey number for New Zealand’, New Zealand Libraries, 48 (5): 89–93 Rowley, J and Farrow, J (2000) ‘Dewey Decimal Classification’, in Organizing Knowledge: An Introduction to Managing Access to Information, 3rd edn London: Gower, pp 215–25 Saeed, H and Chaudhry, A.S (2002) ‘Using the Decimal Classification Scheme (DDC) for building taxonomies of knowledge organisation’, Journal of Documentation, 58 (5): 575–83 Satija, M.P (1990) ‘Book number and call number’, in Allen Kent et al (eds), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science New York: Marcel Dekker, Vol 45, pp 18–45 Satija, M.P (2004) ‘Salient features of the DDC 22 (2003)’, SRELS Journal of Information Management, 41 (4): 309–16 Saye, J.D et al (2000) ‘Dewey Decimal Classification’, in Manheimer’s Cataloguing and Classification, 4th edn New York: Marcel Dekker, pp 167–88 Scott, M.L (1998) Dewey Decimal Classification, 21st Edition: A Study Manual and Number Building Guide London: Library Unlimited Shorten, J., Seikel, M and Ahrberg, J.H (2005) ‘Why you still use Dewey? Academic libraries that continue with the Dewey Decimal Classification’, Library Research and Techniques, 49 (2): 123–36 Smiraglia, R.P (2002) ‘The progress of theory in knowledge organization’, Library Trends, 50 (3): 330–49 Smith, R.V (1999) ‘Dewey Decimal Classification of folklore for children: searching for effective, user-friendly arrangement’, Technicalities, 19 (8): 4–6 Soltani, P (1996) ‘Translation and expansion of classification systems in the Arab countries and Iran’, International Cataloguing and Bibliographic Control, 25 (1): 13–15 198 References and further reading Stickley, L (1999) ‘Karen Drabenstott envisions a multimedia Dewey Decimal Classification’, OCLC Newsletter, 240: 37 Sweeny, R (1983) ‘The devolopment of the Dewey Decimal Classification’, Journal of Documention, 3913: 192–205 Sweeny, R (1991) ‘An overview of the Internet use of the Dewey Decimal Classification’, Library Times International, (1): 1–2 ‘Three world class libraries Adopt Dewey’ (1992) DC&, (3): Tinker, A.J and Pollitt, A.S (1999) ‘The Dewey Decimal Classification and the transition from physical to electronic’, Knowledge Organization, 26 (2): 80–96 Trotter, R (1995) ‘Electronic Dewey: the CD-ROM version of the Dewey Decimal Classification’, Cataloguing and Classification Quarterly, 19 (3/4): 213–34 Vizine-Goetz, D (1996) ‘Classification research of OCLC’, Annual Review of OCLC Research, 27–30 (see also: http://www.purl org/oclc/review1996) Vizine-Goetz, D (1998) ‘Subject heading for everyone: popular Library of Congress subject headings with Dewey Numbers’, OCLC Newsletter, 233: 29–33 Vizine-Goetz, G (1999) ‘NetLab/OCLC collaboration seeks to improve web searching’, OCLC Newsletter, 240: 30–6 Vizine-Goetz, D (2001a) ‘Dewey in CORC: classification in metadata and pathfinders’, Journal of Internet Cataloging, (1/2): 67–80 Vizine-Goetz, D (2001b) ‘Classification research at OCLC’, Journal of Library Administration, 34 (1/2): 199–208 Vizine-Goetz, D (2001c) ‘Popular LCSH with Dewey numbers: subject headings for everyone’, Journal of Library Administration, 34 (3/4): 293–300 Vizine-Goetz, D (2002) ‘Classification schemes for Internet resources revisited’, Journal of Internet Cataloguing, (4): 5–18 Vizine-Goetz, D and Mitchell, J.S (2001) ‘Dewey 2000’, Journal of Library Administration, 34 (1/2): 103–9 Weihs, J (1997) ‘Decision time for Dewey libraries’, Technicalities, 17 (1): 8–9 Wiegand, W.E (2000) ‘Dewey declassified: a revelatory look at the irrepressible reformer’, American Libraries, (1): 54–60 Will, L and Will, S (1997) ‘Dewey for Windows’, Electronic Library, 15 (3): 24–7 Winkel, L (ed.) (1998) Subject Headings for Children: A List of Subject Headings Used by the Library of Congress with Abridged Dewey Numbers Added, 2nd edn Albany, NY: Forest Press 199 The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System Woodhouse, S (1997) ‘Dewey adapts to the world, the world adopts Dewey: strategic development of the classification into the millennium’, Catalogue and Index, 124: 11–12 Yi, H and Jin, Z (1996) ‘The Dewey Decimal Classification in China’, Knowledge Organization, 23 (4): 213–15 200 Index AACR-2, 10, 157 abbreviations in the RI, 152 Abridged Dewey, 3, 6–8, 10, 13, 16 editions, 12–14, 162–4 on Internet, 165 origin, 12 add to procedure, 7, 69–75, 133, 185 administration of DDC, 20–5 ALA DC Advisory Committee, 19–20, 161 Amherst College, 159 Library Committee, 2, 19 application, rule of, 66 area table, 89–98, 162 adding it, 90–8 without instructions, 91–2 as part of class number, 94–8 extended by: T3C, 104 T5, 126–8 T6, 97 limitations, 98 scope, 89–90 using two areas, 93–4 using with other tables, 97 array of classes, 45 assistant editors, 20 authors – see literary authors auxiliary tables, 162 new, Baconian division, 39 base number, 185 bias reduction, 10 through revision, 21 bilingual dictionaries, 120–1 Biscoe, W.S., 3, 5, 19, 175 Bliss, H.E, 44 Bloom, Janet, 162 BNB, use of DDC by, 162, 180 call number, 61 capital letters use in RI, 156–7 centred headings, 30, 178 chain of classes, 44–5 chronology of: DDC, 159–65 Editors, 167 CIP data, 22 citation order, 67–8, 185 class here notes, 32 class number, 186 assigning of, 56–9 construction of, 76 classification by discipline, 186 Classification Research Group, 7, 67–8 Clews, John, 9, 163 Cochrane, P.A., 9, 15 Columbia College, Comaromi, John P., 5, 8–10, 15, 39, 162–3, 178, 183 201 The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System complete revisions, 23–5 comprehensive works, 67 Computer science schedule, new, 22, 163 cross classification avoidance, 68 cross reference notes, 33–4 Custer, Benjamin, 5–8, 162 Cutter marks, 41, 165 data processing schedule, 22, 163 DC&, 8, 10, 25, 161, 163, 183 DCEPC, 20, 27, 161, 182 DDC: centenary celebrations, 161 conceived and published, 159 editors’ chronology, 167 features, 3, 175–6, 179–80 flight from, 161 governance, 19–20 history, 1–17 illogical structure, 145–6 layout, 27–38 numbers on LC cards, 20 on the Internet, 184 online project, 163 origin, problems, 176 research agenda, 164 structure of, 41–6 teaching kit, 164 translations, 167 use of ix, 179–80 Decimal Classification Committee founded, 160 definition notes, 31 D’Elia, George, 11, 24, 164–5 Dewey, Godfry, 5, 160–1 Dewey, Mevil, 1, 12, 19, 159 as Editor, death, 160 Dewey for Schools, 14–15, 177 202 Dewey for Windows (DfW), 10–11, 164 digit, 186 discipline, 186 division by, 39–40 divide like, divisions, 42–3, 186 documents: forms, 55–6 non-subject aspects, 55 physical media, 56 with two or more subjects, 65–6 dot, 37–8, 181–2 Downing, Joel, xix Editorial Policy Committee, 21–2 Editorial Support System, 8–9, 24, 164, 184 second generation, 164 Editors of DDC, 5, 167 Eighteenth Edition, 7, 162, 178, 183 Eighth edition, 160 Electronic Dewey, 10, 15 commercially available, 164 field testing, 164 electronic versions, 15–16 Eleventh Edition, 159 entries: relative index, 149 schedules, 28–9 types of, 28–30 ESS – see Editorial Support System ethnic and national groups, 123–31 Evans, Luther, 20 facet analysis, 54–6 facet indicators, 73–4 facet (term) adopted, 162 fanciful titles, 53–4 Fellows, Jennie Dorcas, 5, 19, 160 Ferguson, Milton, 4–5, 16, 177 Index Fifteenth Edition – see Standard Edition Fifth Edition, 159 First Edition, 159 first-of-the-two rule, 66, 186 fixed location systems, Forest Press, 6, 9, 14, 179, 184 acquired, 9, 163 website, 164, 184 former heading note, 32 Fourteenth Edition, 60 Fourth Edition, 159 Getchell, M.W., 13 governance of DDC, 19–20 Guide to Use of DDC, 161, 178 Hanson, J., 160 Harris, W.T, 2, 40, 176–7 Haykin, David J., 6, 161 Hegel, G.W.F., 40 hierarchical division, 44–5, 58 hierarchy, 186 history of the DDC, 1–17 hook number, 30, 187 hospitality, 46–8, 180 Humphrey, John, 162–3 illogical structure, 145–6 inclusion notes, 32–3 indentions, use of, 154 Inforonics, Inc., commissioned, 163 integrity of numbers policy, 4, 23, 183 interdisciplinary works, 67 internal tables, 75–6, 187 International Conference of Librarians (London, 1877), interval between editions, key terms in the relative index, 153–4 Lake Placid Club, 6, 16, 19, 159, 161 languages: main class, 110–11 subdivision, 109–14 use of, 112–14 languages tables, 114–22 in relative index, 116 subdivisions, 115–22 use of partial notation, 118–20 use with other tables, 121–2 Library of Congress, literary authors: individual works, 100–1 more than one, 101–7 literary forms, 104 absence of, 101–4 periods, 104 literary subdivisions, 99, 108 subtables, 99–100 used in arts, 107 literary works irrespective of: form, 106 language, 105 period, 106 McIlwaine, Ia C., 11 main classes, 42, 177, 187 major revisions, 23 Life Sciences, 10 phoenix schedules, 6, 23 Public Administration, 10 Maltby, Arthur, 39 manual notes, 34–5 Manual on the Use of DDC, 8, 163, 187 MARC format for classification data, 24, 164 MARC record, 22 Markey, Karen, 9, 15, 163, 183 Martel, Charles, 160 203 The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System Martin, Giles, 165 Mathew, Winton E., Jr, 163 Mazney, C., 160 media of documents, 56 Michael, M.E., 162 Miksa, Francis, 22 Miller, Joseph, 11 Mitchell, J.S, 5, 10, 164 mnemonics, 181 multidisciplinary works, 55 multiple synthesis, 133–44, 187 Music, revision of, national and ethnic groups, 123–31 subdivisions, 124–6 used partially, 129–30 used with T1–089, 130–1 used with T2, 128 used with T3, 131 used with T6, 131 Nineteenth Edition, 8, 162 Ninth Edition, 160 notation, 40–3, 188 alphabetical, 181, 186 mnemonics, 181 problems of, 47–8 notes in entries, 31–7, 178–9, 188 number building, 69–76, 133–4, 187–8 notes, 31–2, 36–7 obscure subjects, 59 OCLC, 60 owns Forest Press, OCLC newsletter, 25 OCLC WorldCat 4, 162 Olding, R.K., 19 optional numbers, 29–30 origin of DDC, Otlet, Paul, 159 204 pattern of knowledge division, 46, 58 Paulson, Peter, 9, 163, 165 period table, 188 Philadelphia conference, phoenix schedules, 6–7, 9–10, 23, 183 Potter, Esther, 4, 160 precedence, instructions for, 64 precedence of classes, 61–8 preference table, 188 Procrustes, 44, 49 Public administration schedule, 10 Public Libraries in the US, Ranganathan, S.R., 7, 25, 61 ready-made number sources, 60 relations, depiction of in relative index, 154 relative index, 39, 67, 116, 145–58, 182, 188–9 abbreviations in, 152 interpretations of, 149–53 key terms, 153–4 multiword terms, 145 need of, 147 organisation, 148–9 scope of, 147–8 value of, 146 rigidity in division, 44 revised schedules, 8, 10–11 revision notes, 34–5 revision of DDC, 2, 19–25, 182–3 bases of, 22 frequency of, 21, 182 implementation of, 25 major, 23, 183 minor, 23 responsibility, for, 21–2 sources of, 22 testing of, 24 Index rule of: applications, 66, 189 three, 66, 189 zeros, 66–7, 189 schedules, 27–8, 189 School Library Association (UK), 14 scope notes, 31 Sealock, Richard, 19, 162 Second Edition, 3–4, 159, 175 sections, 43, 189 Seely, Pauline, 162 segmentation, 47, 178, 180 Seventeenth Edition, 7, 162 Seventh Edition, 160 Seymour, E.M., 5, 19, 159–60 Sixteenth Edition, 6, 161 Sixth Edition, 160 Smith, David A., 165 Sociology schedule, new, 7, 22 special topics of general applicability, 190 specificity preference of, 64–5 Standard Edition, 4–7, 20, 161, 177 standard subdivisions, 35–6, 77–88 addition of, 79–88 categories of, 78 characteristics, 78–9 displaced, 85–6, 181 extension of, 83–4 irregular, 84–5, 181 non-use of, 87–8 using two or more, 83 using with T2, 84 using with T5, 84, 130–1 structure of DDC, 41–6 subject analysis, 51–6, 189–90 subsections, 190 summaries, 9, 42–4, 178, 190 survey of the use of DDC, 162 Sweeny, Russell, 9, 163 synthesis of number: multiple, 133–44 schedules, 69–76 tables, 77 with internal tables, 75–6 T3 splits, T5 renamed, 11 T7 abrogated, 11 tables, increase in, tables, six, 7, 190 tables in RI, 157, 159 tables of precedence, 62–4 Tenth Edition, 159 terminology, difference in, 59–60 Third Edition, 159 Thirteenth Edition, 160, 175 three, rule of, 66 title as subject indicator, 52 titles of documents, 52–4, 59 categories, 52–4 Twelfth Edition, 160 Twentieth Edition, 9–10, 164, 178 electronic versions, 10 Twenty-first Edition, 10, 164 Twenty-second Edition, changes in, 11, 165 Twenty–third Edition, 165 use of DDC, xix, 179–80 vague titles, 53 Vann, S.K., 162 variant names note, 32 Warren, Margaret J., 163 WASP bias, 10, 15, 21 WebDewey, 165 Webrary, xix 205 The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System William, Nancy J., 29 zero: as facet indicator, 127–8 in area table use, 92–3 206 zeros: deletion of, 80–2 enigma of, 82–3 rule of, 66–7 use of more than one, 82 ... extremes 39 The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System Before Melvil Dewey there were classification systems based on the subject contents of books and the decimal notation... decisions 15 The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System The electronic version of the Twenty-first Edition named Dewey for Windows (DfW) developed at the OCLC Office of Research... assumed on the part of the user A separate chapter on the Relative Index explains the xi The Theory and Practice of the Dewey Decimal Classification System need for, structure and operation of this