1.Chấp nhận theo sau là to-inf và gerund mà nghĩa không thay đổi: begin, start, continue, intend, prefer + to-inf / gerund.. Chấp nhận theo sau là to-inf hoặc gerund mà nghĩa thay đổi [r]
(1)BỒI DƯỠNG THI HỌC SINH GIỎI TIẾNG ANH LỚP 1 SUBJECT & VERB AGREEMENT
*Special notes: Cần ý chia động từ hòa hợp với chủ từ (danh từ) theo quy tắc sau: Noun phrases có dạng (N1)-(N2) chia theo (N1)
Ex: The study of languages is interesting (S1) as well as (cũng là) (S2)
together with chia theo (S1) along with
accompanied by (được áp dụng với)
Ex: The actress, along with her manager and some friend is going to the party Either (S1) or (S2) chia theo (S2) Neither nor
Ex: Neither John nor his friends are going to school today Either (S) chia Vít Neither
Ex: Neither of his pen is able to use
5 Each/ Every (Nít) chia Vít Ex: Each boy and girl has a text book
6 Đại từ bất định: someone, nobody, everybody chia Vít Ex: No one is here
7.- Khoảng thời gian, tiền bạc, khoảng cách… chia Vít - News, physics, maths…
- Army, police, cattle, poor… chia Vnhiều Ex: 5,000 dollars is not for us
8 No/ None Nít chia Vít Nnhiều chia Vnhiều Ex: None of students have got finished the test yet
(2)2 PASSIVE VOICE *Special notes:
1.Mệnh đề thường gặp: say (said), think (thought), believe, report…(+clause) Ex: People say the price of gold is going up
It is said the price of gold is going up The price of gold is said to be going up They thought Mary had gone
Mary was thought to have gone
*Nếu mệnh đề bị lệch cần dùng have + V3
2 Đối với (V) tri giác: notice, smell, feel, watch, see, hear, make, let… (+V-ing/ bare inf) Ex: I saw her come in
She was seen to come in He let me go out
I was let to go out
*Dùng to-inf sau (V) tri giác
3 Đối với (V) sai khiến: advise, ask, beg, order, urge… (+clause) Ex: He advised me to put my money in the bank
He advised me my money should be put in the bank
*Giữ nguyên (V) sai khiến, thay đổi cấu trúc mệnh đề sau Thể truyền khiến: (A) Have S.O S.T (P) Have S.T done by S.O Ex: I have Paul repair my bike
I have my bike repaired by Paul
5 Câu mệnh lệnh: Dùng cấu trúc Let + O + be + V3 câu bị động
Ex: Write your name here
Let your name be written here
6 Nếu (S) vật khơng dùng by mà dùng with Ex: Smoke filled the room
(3)3 CONTINUOUS
Verbs Được chia tiếp diễn Không chia tiếp diễn feel (sờ)
I’m feeling a table
(cảm thấy) I feel tired 2.think (nghĩ ai, điều đó)
I’m thinking of him
(+ (that) clause)
I think he is a nice boy 3.see ( + off : đưa tiễn)
I was seeing off at the airport
(nhìn thấy)
I saw her in the library 4.smell (ngửi)
I’m smelling the roses (cảm giác mùi hương) This soup smells good 5.taste (nếm)
I’m tasting this soup
(cảm giác mùi vị) This disk tastes awful 6.have (kết hợp cụm từ mang nghĩa khác)
I’m having a shower
(có, sở hữu) I have a dog 7.look (kết hợp pre: at, for…)
He’s looking for a house
(trơng có vẻ)
You look more beautiful
8.be (cư xử)
He’s being as he is a boss
(thì, là, ở) I am a student 4 WISH CLAUSE
S1 + WISH + S2 + V IF ONLY
1.Present wish: S1 + wish + S2 + V (past subj) Ex: He isn’t here now I wish he were here now
2 Past wish: S1 + wish + S2 + V (past perfect: had + pp)
Ex: I didn’t go to Vung Tau last week I wish I had gone to Vung Tau last week Future wish: S1 + wish + S2 + could/ would + V (B.I)
Ex: You won’t come here soon I wish you would come here soon *Special notes (đối với TH3)
- S2 I, we V2 : could + B.I
Ex: She wishes I could come here soon -S1 = S2 V2 : could + B.I
Ex: He wishes he could come here soon
-Mệnh lệnh, phàn nàn, bực mình: V2 : would + B.I
(4)5 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1 Real condition (type 1) If clause: present simple
Main clause: future simple: việc xảy Ex: If the weather is good, I’ll play football present simple: thật hiển nhiên Ex: If you pour oil to water, it floats (can/ may)+ B.I: mệnh lệnh Ex: If you need her phone number, ask me Unreal in the present condition (type 2): ngược lại, trái với thật
If clause: past subj
Main clause: would/ could/ might + B.I
Ex: If he were here, I would take him to the cinema
3 Unreal in the past condition (type 3): muốn chuyện không xảy ra, khơng có thật q khứ If clause: had + pp
Main clause: would have + pp
Ex: If the weather had been good yesterday, I would have gone to the movie *Special notes: Mixed condition
Ex: He is not a good student, so he took part in the flight last night
If he were a good student, he wouldn’t have taken part in the flight last night My father drank so much wine, so he feels tired
If my father hadn’t drunk so much wine yesterday, he wouldn’t feel tired 6 REPORTED SPEECH
*Special notes:
1 deny (từ chối) : + V-ing
+ (that) clause
Ex: “No, it isn’t true I didn’t steal that money’ He denied he hadn’t stolen that money stealing that money
2 suggest (đề nghị): + V-ing
+ (that) clause S + B.I
S + should + B.I Ex: “If I were you, T would take a rest”
He suggested I (should) take a rest taking a rest
3 offer (đề nghị ) + to-inf
(5)Ex: “A cigarette?”
He offered me a cigarette
5 advise (khuyên) SO + to + STH Ex: “You had better go to the dentist”
My mother advised me to go to the dentist
6 apologise/ apologize (xin lỗi) + to SO + for doing + STH Ex: “I’m awfully sorry, Jack Because I have broken your bike” She apologized to Jack for breaking his bike
7 Remind (nhắc nhở) SO to-inf Ex: “Don’t forget to your homework”
The teacher reminded his students to their homework Admit +V-ing
(thừa nhận) + (that) clause Confess +V-ing Ex: “That’s right I stole that money” He admitted stealing that money
that he had stolen that money confessed stealing that money
9 Doubt (nghi ngờ) + (that) if/ whether + clause Ex: “I don’t think Liverpool will win”
He doubted whether Liverpool would win
10 Accuse (buộc tội) + SO + of doing + STH Ex: “You murdered your father”
The judge accused him of murdering his father
(6)7 TAG QUESTIONS *Special notes:
1.Câu khẳng định có trạng từ phủ định câu phủ định: never, at no time, rarely, seldom, hardly, no longer, by no mean, hardly ever,…
Ex: He never goes to school late, does he?
2 Các câu có chủ từ no one, nothing, nobody câu phủ định Ex: No one came to the party last night, did they?
3 Nếu chủ ngữ someone, everybody, nobody, no one,… they Ex: Everyone likes it, don’t they?
4 Nếu chủ ngữ nothing/ this, that it
Ex: Nothing is impossible, is it? / This is your chair, isn’t it? Nếu chủ ngữ there there
Ex: There is a big tree, isn’t there? Nếu chủ ngữ I am aren’t I? Nhưng I am not am I?
Ex: I am stupid, aren’t I?
7 Câu đề nghị có Let’s shall we? Ex: Let’s go to the movie, shall we?
8 Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định can/ could/ will/… you? ngược lại Ex: Read this passage, can you?
Sử dụng ý kiến người thêm think phần đuôi Ex: These pictures are good, don’t you think?
10 Cảnh báo, nhắc nhở, khuyên nhủ, mong ước will/ won’t you? Ex: Don’t forget to lock the door, will you?
11 Trong văn nói, người ta dùng Yes/ No/ OK/ Right Tag Questions Note:
-Chủ ngữ câu hỏi đuôi lúc chuyển thành đại từ Ex: Lan is a doctor, isn’t she?
(7)8 COMPARISONS
1.So sánh bằng:
as + Adj/ Adv + as Ex: He is as tall as I
not as (so) + Adj/ Adv + as Ex: He is not so clever as I
the same + N + as Ex: This room is the same length as that one like Ex: She is a bit like her sister
similar to Ex: The motel is similar to the hotel different from Ex: Pens are different from pencils 2.So sánh hơn, so sánh
-Tính từ ngắn tính từ có âm tiết âm tiết trừ tính từ có tận (-ed, -ing, -ous, -ish, -less, )
- Tính từ dài tính từ có âm tiết trở lên âm tiết có tận (-ed, -ing, -ous, -ish, -less, ) Ex: tired, boring, cheerful, careless, nervous, reddish, …
3 So sánh kép
The + (so sánh hơn) … , the + (so sánh hơn) + (càng… càng) (so sánh hơn) + AND + ( so sánh hơn)… (càng, ngày càng) Ex: The older she is, the more beautiful she gets
The earth is getting hotter and hotter 9 INVERSION
Đảo ngữ: trật tự từ câu câu hỏi Chỉ phép đảo ngữ trường hợp sau:
1.Có trạng từ phủ định: never, at no time (không bao giờ), hardly, scarcely (vừa mới), little (hầu không), no where (khơng nơi nào), no longer (khơng cịn nữa)
Ex: He no longer smokes No longer does he smoke
2 Có in/ under no circumstance (dù hồn cảnh nữa), in no account (dù lí nữa) Ex: You mustn’t reveal this secret in no account
In no account mustn’t you reveal this secret
3 Có hardly … when, no sooner … than (vừa … thì) Ex: He had no sooner entered the room than it began to rain No sooner had he entered the room than it began to rain Có not ony… but also (khơng những… mà cịn)
Ex: This room is not only small but also dark Not only is this room small but also dark
(8)6 Có so… that
Ex: I was so tired that I can’t work more So tired wes I that I can’t work more Có here, there câu cảm
Ex: The bus comes here! Here comes the bus! Particle
Ex: The rain came down Down came the rain
9.Có trạng từ thời gian (Vmovement + S)
Ex: A big tree stands in a middle of the school yard In the middle of the school yard stand a big tree 10 Có not until
Ex: He didn’t begin to read until later Not until later did he begin to read
11 Có “only” đầu câu không phụ nghĩa cho chủ từ (only + rarely, when, then, by, later…) Ex: You will succeed only by working hard
Only by working hard will you succeed
10 TO-INF OR GERUND
1.Chấp nhận theo sau to-inf gerund mà nghĩa không thay đổi: begin, start, continue, intend, prefer + to-inf / gerund
2 Chấp nhận theo sau to-inf gerund mà nghĩa thay đổi A like/ love/ hate/ dislike
B try + to-inf (cố gắng) Ex: I try my best to this exercise
+V-ing (thí nghiệm, thử) Ex: I try wearing the new jeans but it doesn’t fit me C stop + to-inf (ngừng để làm gì) Ex: I stop my car to buy a newspaper
+V-ing (ngừng hẳn) Ex: I stop reading newspaper because it’s so noisy D mean + to-inf (dự định, muốn) Ex: I mean to study abroad
+V-ing (ám chỉ) Ex: It means working with him very hard
E go on + to-inf (làm việc khác mới) Ex: I go on to my test after come back home +V-ing (tiếp tục) Ex: She goes on talking
F allow, forbid, advise, encourage, permit, suggest + object + to-inf + V-ing
(9)3 Bắt buộc theo sau V-ing: After prepositions
After these verbs
1.admit (cơng nhận) 2.anticipate (dự tính) 3.appreciate (đánh giá ) 4.avoid (tránh xa) 5.carry on (mang theo) 6.consider (xem xét) 7.defer = delay (làm trì hỗn) 8.deny (phủ nhận) 9.detest= dislike = hate (ghét) 10.dread (sợ) 11.enjoy (thưởng thức) 12.escape (trốn thoát) 13.excus (tha lỗi) 14.fancy (mong muốn) 15 give up (từ bỏ) 16.imagine (tưởng tượng) 17.finish (hoàn thành) 18.forgive (tha thứ) 19.involve (liên quan đến) 20.keep (on) (tiếp tục) 21.loathe (ghê tởm) 22.miss (nhớ, lỡ) 23.postpone (hoãn lại) 24.practise (thực hành) 25.prevent (ngăn ngừa) 26.propose (đề nghị) 27.put off (làm chậm lại, hoãn lại) 28.recollect (hồi tưởng lại) 29.resent (phẫn nộ) 30.resist (kháng cự ) 31.save (cứu, tiết kiệm) 32.understand (hiểu) 33.bear (mang) 34 omit (bỏ sót) 35.force (ép buộc)
After these expressions:
to have difficulty (có khó khăn) to be worth (đáng)
to be busy (bận)
to fell like (cảm thấy yêu thích) a waste of (lãng phí vì) spend time / hour (dành thời gian) waste time (phí thời gian)
to have a good time / fun / trouble (có thời gian đẹp/ niềm vui /sự lo lắng) can’t bear =can’t stand (không thể chịu đựng)
can’t help =can’t face (không thể không) it’s no use / good (chẳng ích gì) it’s (not) worth (không đáng) Bắt buộc theo sau to-inf:
(10)21.learn (học tập) 22.help (giúp đỡ) 23.hope (hy vọng) 24.offer (ngỏ ý) 25 plan (vạch kế hoạch) 26.prepare (chuẩn bị) 27.pretend (giả vờ) 28.promise (hứa) 29.prove (chứng tỏ) 30.refuse (từ chối) 31.seem (có vẻ) 32.tend (có khuynh hướng) 33.threaten (đe dọa) 34.turn out (hóa ra) 35.undertake (đảm trách) 36.want (muốn) 37 wish (ước) 38.volunteer (tình nguyện) 39.urge (cổ vũ) 40.manage (tìm cách)
11.OTHER STRUCTURES 1.would rather (tốt là) had better
A would rather (not) + B.I + than + B.I Ex: You’d rather stay at home than go out
B would rather + S + V2 -clause (2) V2 past subj -clause (2) khứ V2 past perfect Ex: I would rather you hadn’t gone to Da Lat last week
C Had better + B.I
2 It’s time/ It’s high time/ It’s about time + S + V2 (ở simple past) It’s time for + O + + to-inf
Ex: It’s time we caught the bus It’s time for us to catch the bus
3.This is the first time + S + V2 (ở present perfect) This was the first time + S + V2 (ở past perfect)
The first time + S + V2 (ở present perfect) + is + khoảng thời gian This is the second time + S + V2 (ở present perfect)
Ex: This is the first time I have seen this film The first time I have seen this film is years ago
4.As if (như thể là) + V2 (ở past subj) Ex: He behaves as if he were a boss 5 So… that/ Such …that (quá… đến nỗi) So + Adj/Adv + that…
Such + noun phrase: (a/an) + Adj + N + that… *Special notes:
-Dùng so…that much, many, little, few
(11)-Khi chuyển “so” thành “such” cần ý: So many + N đếm
So much + N số không đếm
Such + a lot of + N đếm không đếm So long such a long way
So far such a long time
-Cấu trúc thay đổi sau: so + Adj + noun phrase + that… Ex: She is such a beautiful girl that all of us love her
She is so beautiful a girl that all of us love her 6 Enough … (for + O) + to-inf
Enough + N
Adj/ Adv + enough
Ex: She is old enough to study there
S1 + be + adj S2 + can’t / couldn’t + V bare-inf
S1 + be + too + adj + (for + O) + to-inf (quá… không thể) Ex: These suitcases are too heavy for me to carry to upstairs Note:
-Nếu có never, hardly, really, nobody, nothing câu xác định có ý phủ định - Chuyền nobody, nothing for anybody, for any thing
Ex: The room is very dirty No one can live in it The room is too dirty for anyone to live in 8 Because/ Because of
Because + clause Because of + phrase
Ex: She felt unhappy because of her father’s death She felt unhappy because her father was died 9 What + is the price of + STH?
How much + be + STH?
How much +do/does+ STH + cost?
Ex: What is the price of this coat? = How much is this coat? = How much does this coat? 10 It’s + one’s duty +to +STH
Ex: It’s your duty to tidy your room 11 S + be thought + to-inf
S + be + supposed + to-inf
Ex: You were thought to make that mistake 12 S + be + adj
(12)13 S + V + time
It + take + SO + time + to-inf S + spend + time + V-ing
Ex: It takes me 30 minutes to walk to school I spend 30 minutes walking to school 14 Compound adj (tính từ ghép)
Số lượng – N số
Ex: She is a twelve-year-old girl
15 There + is/are + ….+ (giới từ) + (danh từ) (Danh từ) + has/ have + got +…
Ex: There are a lot of parks in London London has got a lot of parks 16 V-ing … + be + adj (+for O)
It + be + adj (+for O) + to-inf
Ex: Learning English is very useful It is very useful to learn English 17 Who + do/does + N + belong to?
Whose + N + is/are + it/this/ that/ those/ these? Ex: Who does this bicycle belong to? Whose bicycle is it? 18 is/ are + (so sánh nhất) + N + (that) hoàn thành Ex: This is the most interesting film I have ever seen
19 Thể truyền khiến (A)Have/ Get +S.O+do +STH (P) Have/ Get + STH+ done + by S.O Ex: I have Paul repair my bike I have my bike repaired by Paul
20 Despite/ In spite of + noun phrase (Al)though/ Even though + clause
Ex: They came to the concert though it rained heavily (=in spite of the heavy rain) 21.No matter + what/ who/ where/ when/ why/ how(adj/ adv) + S + V
Whatever + N + S + V (dù, cho dù) Ex: No matter who you are, I still love you
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