- Neáu hai caâu ñaõ cho coù cuøng chuû töø vaø sau ñoäng töø “WANT” coù tuùc töø thì ta laáy tuùc töø laøm chuû töø cho meänh ñeà chæ muïch ñích vaø chæ duøng so that/ in order that maø [r]
(1)(SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VAØ ĐỘNG TỪ)
I Singular subject: (Chủ từ số ít)TT CHỦ TỪ SỐ ÍT VÍ DỤ
1
Indefinite pronouns: (đại từ bất định)
- anybody (anyone), anything, nobody (no one), nothing, everybody (everyone), everything
- Something is under the armchair. - Everyone wants to go home early.
2
Uncount nouns: Các chất rắn, chất lỏng, chất khí, danh từ trừu tượng …
- water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, gasoline, … - ice, butter, bread, cheese, meat, gold, glass, … - steam, smoke, air, oxygen, smog, nitrogen, … - rice, chalk, dust, flour, grass, salt, sand, sugar, … - happiness, pollution, love, health, patience, … - work, homework, advice, information, time, …
Water is very necessary for our life.
3
Subjects, sports, languages, natural phenomena, nations, diseases: (Môn học, thể thao, ngôn ngữ, các tượng tư nhiên, tên quốc gia, bệnh)
- mathematics, linguistics, statistics, physics, … - swimming, gymnastics, athletics, tennis, football, - Chinese, English, Spanish, German, …
- weather, fog, snow, sunlight, smog, lightning, …
- Mathematics is a basic tool. - Many people take up gymnastics because it is good exercise.
- English is an international language to master
- The fog was very thick.
4
Số đo lường, lượng tiền, thời gian: - Ten years, three dollars, …
- Ten kilometres is a long distance to walk.
- Two million dollars is a large sum of money.
5 Who/ what làm chủ ngữ : - Who uses English?- What has happened to you?
6 That “Wh-” + Clause làm chủ ngữ: + Clause làm chủ ngữ :
- That he is naughty makes his father sad
- What he says is unreliable.
7
Some determiners: (Một số định từ ) - Each, each of, every, one of, …
- A little, little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of… - Either , Neither,
- Each student has a pencil.
- There is a little wine in the bottle.
- They gave a great deal of thought to their future job.
- Neither of the students is well prepared
8 The + N and + N: người kiêm chức vụ - The assistant and secretary isvery busy now. Hỗn hợp:
(2)(3)II Plural subject: (Chủ từ số nhiều)
TT CHỦ TỪ SỐ NHIỀU VÍ DỤ
1
The + adj:
- The rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind, - The British, the Vietnamese, the Japanese, ……
- The poor need our help. - The Vietnamese are very brave.
2 Danh từ dạng số nhiều:- police, cattle, clothes, belongings, wares, - The police are looking for themissing child.
3 Some determiners: (một số định từ)- both, many, a few, few, a number of, several, a great many, a good many, the majority…
- A few books are on the table. - A number of students in Binh Phu high school study very well.
III Types of subject and verb agreement: (Các dạng hoà hợp chủ từ động từ)
TT NỘI DUNG VÍ DỤ
1
Hòa hợïp với danh từ sau:
Either ……… or ……… + V ……… Neither ……… nor ……… + V ……… Not only ……… but also ……… + V ………
(Động từ chia dựa vào chủ từ gần động từ)
- Either I or John is going to the housework.
- Not only the boy but also his friends like to play football.
2
Hoà hợp với danh từ trước:
N
1 + along with +N
2 +V
………as well as not
- Miss Hang, along with her friends, wants to meet the boss. - Nam, not Minh and Lan, has just come.
IV Irregular and regular plural nouns: (Dạng danh từ số nhiều có quy tắc bất qui tắc)
TT DANH TỪ VÍ DỤ
1
Danh từ số nhiều có qui tắc: (thêm s/es)
- Danh từ kết thúc với: (phụ âm) + y / o , ch, s, x, z, sh
→ theâm: es
- Danh từ số nhiều có qui tắc cịn lại: → thêm “s”
- potato→ potatoes, study→ studies
- watch→ watches, fox→ foxes - pupil→ pupils, display→ displays
- language → languages
2
Danh từ số nhiều bất qui tắc: - oo → ee
- a → e
- um → a
- us → i
Danh từ số nhiều số khơng thay đổi:
sheep : cừu, deer: nai, fish: cá (fishes: loài cá), series: loạt, tập truyện nhiều kỳ, offspring: (chim, thú)
- tooth → teeth, goose → geese - man → men, woman → women - bacterium → bacteria
(4)
(TỪ NỐI CÂU)
I Present and Future: (Hiện tương lai)
T
T TỪ NỐI CÁCH DÙNG THÌ VÍ DỤ
1
when
- Thói quen
tại S Present + when + S Present
- She usually listens to music when she is stressed.
- Hành động nối
tieáp S Future + when + S Present - They will send me apostcard when they arrive in Paris.
- Nhấn mạnh hành
động sau when S Future + when + Pr Perfect
- We will go when we have done our homework.
2
until
- Hành động làm hành động sau xảy
S Future + until + S Present - We will wait until he comes.
- Nhấn mạnh mệnh đề với until hoàn tất
S Future + until + Pr Perfect - I will come and see you as soon as I’ve finished my work.
3
as soon as
- hành động kế
tieáp S Future + as soon as + S.Present
- Nam will go to university as soon as he graduates from high school.
- Nhấn mạnh hoàn tất mệnh đề với as soon as
S Future + as soon as + Pr Perfect
- The boy will buy a big dictionary as soon as he has saved enough money.
4
after
- Thoùi quen S Present + after + Pr Perfect - He often brushes his teeth after he has had lunch.
5
by the
time
- Hđ hoàn tất trước hđ khác tương lai
Future Perfect + by the time + S Present
(5)II Past: (Quá khứ ) T
T TỪ NỐI CÁCH DÙNG THÌ VÍ DỤ
1
when
- Hđ hồn tất trước
hđ khác P Perfect + when + S Past
- When I arrived, John had gone away ( I didn’t see John)
- Hđ nối tiếp
- Thói quen q khứ
S Past + when + S Past When I arrived, John went away. (John was angry with me, so he went away when he saw me)
- She spent much money when she was young.
- Hành động dài,
hành động ngắn Past Cont + when + S Past - They were havinglunch when he visited them.
2
while
- Hđ ngắn, hđ daøi S Past + while + Past Cont - He came in while I was singing.
- hành động dài Past cont + while + Past Cont - My mother was reading a book while we were playing football.
3
until
- Hđ trước kéo dài hành động mệnh đề sau
S Past + until + S Past - He read the book until he was tired. - Nhấn mạnh
mệnh đề với until hoàn tất
S past + until + P Perfect - We went on working until we finished the job
4
as soon as
- hành động kế
tieáp S Past + as soon as + S Past
- Mary told me the news as soon as she came to my flat. - nhấn mạnh
hoàn tất mệnh đề với as soon as
S past + as soon as + P Perfect - A stranger walked into his room as soon as he had gone out.
5
after
- Hđ trước, hđ sau S Past + after + P Perfect - He left after hehad written the report.6
before
by the time
(6)(ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ- MỆNH ĐỀ TÍNH TỪ)
I General rule: (Nguyên tắc chung)1 Who:
We meet the man He is a professor We meet the man who is a professor
S 2 Whom:
She talked to the boy We met him in the zoo She talked to the boy whom we met in the zoo
O
3 which:
a He shouted at the dog It barked loudly
He shouted at the dog which barked loudly S
b The dog barked loudly He called it The dog which he called barked loudly
O
4 Whose + N: thay cho tính từ sở hữu (his / her / their )
a The teacher was angry The students didn’t pay attention to his lesson The teacher whose lesson the students didn’t pay attention to was angry
O
b Do you know the woman? Her son has lost Do you know the woman whose son has lost?
S
5 That: thay cho: Who, whom, which … (that theo sau dấu phẩy giới từ) The girl won the championship She was really talented
The girl that (= who) was really talented won the championship 6 Where: thay cho trạng từ (here/ there) cụm giới từ nơi chốn. (where = in which/ at which)
a) This is the town I was born in the town (Adv of place) This is the town in which I was born or: This is the town where I was born b) Do you know the village? He lived there Do you know the village where he lived? Lưu ý: Trường hợp phải dùng “which”
Ex: This is the town I like it best This is the town which I like best
7 When: thay cho cụm danh từ thời gian “then” (when = at which/ on which) National day is the day Our nation was completely liberated on that day
National day is the day when our nation was completely liberated 8 Why : thay cho cụm từ “ for the reason/ for this reason / for that reason”
Does he know the reason? He left for that reason Does he know the reason why he left?
9 It’s …… that/ who + clause: … (cấu trúc nhấn mạnh)
NGƯỜI VẬT
Subject WHO WHICH
Object WHOM WHICH
Possessive
adjective WHOSE WHOSE/ OF WHICH THA
(7)a) Peter must clean the window
It’s Peter who/ that must clean the window b) Your dog bit the old man
It was your dog that bit the old man (không dùng which trường hợp này) c) They were captured because he was incompetent
It was because he was incompetent that they were captured
Tuyệt đối khơng phép dùng WHICH hình thức nhấn mạnh
(SO SÁNH TRONG TIẾNG ANH)
1. Tính từ ngắn tính từ dài :a) Tính từ ngắn :
- tính từ đơn âm: long , short, big, hot, fat
- tính từ có hai âm kết thúc là: -er, -ple, -ow, -iet , phụ âm + - y Ex: happy, clever, simple, narrow, quiet, …
b) Tính từ dài : tính từ có hai âm trở lên (careful, dangerous …) 2. Types : (loại)
Equal (baèng)
S1 + V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux
S1 + negative V + as/ so + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux
Comparative (hôn)
S1 + V + more + adj / adv(daøi) + than + S2 + aux S1 + V + adj / adv(ngaén) + er + than + S2 + aux Superlative
(nhaát)
S + V + the most + adj / adv(daøi) S + V + the + adj / adv (ngaén) +est Ex: She is as beautiful as her mother (is) She isn’t so/as careful as her mother (is) He drives more carefully than his friend (does) Tam studies the hardest in his class
3. Special : (đặc biệt)
Less + adj / adv + than :
Ex: This book is less expensive than that one
4. Double comparison : (So sánh kép) (…Càng … …) a)
The more + adj + S + V,
(daøi) the more + adj + S + V (daøi) The + adj + er + S + V ,
(ngaén) the + adj + er + S + V (ngaén) Ex: The more beautiful she is, the more modest she becomes
The harder he studies, the wiser he becomes b)
S + V
twice three times
four times half
as + adj / adv + as …. as + much (N) as … as + many ( N) as … Ex: She swims twice as fast as I (do)
(8)c) More and more + adj (dài) : nhiều Adj (ngaén) + er and adj (ngaén) + er : caøng …
Ex: Life in the city is more and more stressful They work harder and harder
Tính từ bất qui tắc:
TT Trạng từ bấtTính từ/ quy tắc
SO SÁNH
HƠN
SO SÁNH
NHẤT NGHĨA
1 bad/ badly worse worst Tệ, dở
2 good/ well better best Giỏi
3 much /many more most Nhiều
4 little less least ít
5 far fartherfurther farthestfurthest Xa (k cách) Hơn (t tin) old olderelder oldesteldest Lớn (chung)Lớn (anh, chị) Ex: Ms Anh is better at cooking than Ms Nhung
(DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG)
I General rule : (Công thức chung)
S + V + O
(Active)
(BE : chia theo câu chủ động) Ex: - She usually takes my car
→ My car is usually taken by her
- He has sent his son to another school
→ His son has been sent to another school
II Active Passive : (Chủ động sang bị động)
1 V1 am / is / are + V3/ed
2 V2/ed was / were + V3/ed
3 am/ is / are + Ving am/ is /are + being + V3/ed
4 was / were + Ving was/ were + being + V3/ed
5 has / have + V3/ed has/ have + been + V3/ed
6 had + v3/ed had + been + V3/ed
7
will / would
can / could + VInf may / might
must
will/ would
can/ could + be + V3/ed may/ might (nguyên mẫu) must
(9)8
be going to
have to + V Inf used to
be going to
have to + be + V3/ed used to (nguyên mẫu) have + sb + V Inf + sth have + sth + V3/ed + +(by +sb) 10
get + sb + to + V Inf + sth ask
tell
get + sth + V3/ed + + (by sb) (chỉ dùng get)
11
give bring
buy + sb + sth lend
show
given brought
sb + be + bought + sth lent
shown 12
give bring
buy + sth + prep + sth lend
show
given brought
sth + be + bought + prep + sth lent
shown 13 seehear + O + Ving
smell
seen
S+ be + heard + Ving smelt
14 seehear + O + V Inf smell
seen
s + be + heard + to + V1 smelt
15 make + O + V Inf s + be + made + to + V1
16 let + sb + V1 + sth sb + be + allowed + to + V1 17 sb + need + to +V Inf + sth sth + need + Ving
want
18
S + say think believe report rumour assume
+ (that) + S’ + V … : Người ta nói … (S = people/ they)
(10) It + be + said thought believed reported rumoured assumed
+ (that) + S’ + V …
S’ + be + said thought believed reported rumoured assumed
+ to + V Inf. (hai hành động tương đồng/ xảy sau)
hoặc: to + have + V3/ed (hành động xảy trước)
Ex: - People say that he is lazy → It is said he is lazy
→ He is said to be lazy
- They think that Peter died → It is thought that Peter died
→ Peter is thought to have died
III Causative form: (Dạng cầu khiến)
S + have + sb + V Inf. + sth : nhờ làm gì S + have + sth + V3/ed … (by + O):
Ex: She has me carry the luggage → she has her luggage carried S + get + sb + to + V Inf : nhờ … làm
S + get + sth + V3/ed … (by + O) :
Ex: They got us to wash the floor → They got the floor washed
IV Need / Want:
S (vật) + need + Ving : cần want
Ex: The house needs fixing/ to be fixed. The paint wanted painting
(
CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
I Statement: (Câu phát biểu (thuộc dạng câu khẳng định phủ định) SAID
TOLD + O (THAT) + V (đổi thì)
Ex: - He said, “I like football.”
→ He said that he liked to play football
- “Tom will fly to Paris next week,” said Miss Hoa
(11)II Commands or Requests: (Câu yêu cầu (thuộc dạng mệnh lệnh yêu cầu))
S
TOLD ASKED BEGGED ORDERED
URGED ADVISED
O
to + V Inf not + to + V Inf
Ex: She said to him, “Come in, please” → She told him to come in
“Don’t make noise, Tom” said the mother → The mother asked Tom not to make noise
III Questions: (Dạng câu hỏi)
S WONDEREDASKED + O WANTED TO KNOW
if / whether
(yes/ no question) S + V (đổi thì) “Wh” / how
(wh-question)
Ex: She said to me, “Will she come?” → She asked me if/ whether she would come “Where you live?” asked the foreigner → The foreigner asked me where I lived
IV Caùc dạng khác:
1 Let’s + VInf … // Why don’t we + VInf …// What about + Ving … → S + suggested + Ving … Ex: He said, “Let’s have a drink.” → He suggested having a drink
Timmy said, “ Why don’t we go on a picnic” → Timmy suggested going on a picnic
2 Why don’t you + VInf …?// S + should + V1 … → S + advised + O + to + Vinf
Ex: She said to him, “ Why don’t you go to the doctor?” → She advised him to go to the doctor
Lưu ý :
1 Converting tenses and adverbs of time, place: (Biến đổi thì, trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn)
TRỰC TIẾP TƯỜNG THUẬT TRỰC TIẾP TƯỜNG THUẬT
- V1 (s/es) → V2 /ed
- V2/ed → had + V3/ed - has/ have + V3/ed → had + V3/ed - am/ is/ are + Ving → was / were + Ving
- can → could + V Inf - will → would + V Inf - may → might + V Inf - must → (must) / have to
- have to → had to
- had + V3/ed → had + V3/ed
- yesterday → the previous day/
the day before - last night → the previous night /
the night before - two years ago → two years before
- today → that day - tonight → that night
- tomorrow → the following day/
the day after/ the next day - next year → the following year
- this → the year after
- these → those
- here → there
- now → then
2 Các trường hợp không đổi thì:
a) Khi động từ tường thuật tại, hoàn thành tương lai. Ex: My mother says to me, “You are my little pet.”
(12)b) Câu trưc tiếp diễn đạt chân lý thật hiển nhiên. Ex: Galileo said, “ The earth goes around the sun.” → Galileo said (that) the earth goes around the sun
c) Thì khứ đơn rõ thời gian.
Ex: Tom said to me, “ My grandfather died in 1990.”
→ Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990
d) Câu điều kiện loại 2, cấu trúc “used to”.
Ex: “ If I had much money, I would travel around the world.” Said the boy
→ The boy said if he had much money he would travel around the world
(
DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VAØ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU)
I Động từ với gerund: (V-ing)admit : thừa nhận, chấp nhận * allow : cho phép
anticipate : liệu trước * advise : khuyên
appreciate : đánh giá cao
avoid : traùnh
be worth : đáng (được) can’t help : tránh complete : hoàn thành
consider : xem xét, cân nhắc
defer : hỗn lại
delay : trì hỗn
deny : phủ nhận
dislike / detest : không thích
dread : sợ
encourage : khuyến khích
enjoy : thích
escape : khỏi, tránh
fancy : thích
finish : hoàn thành
forgive : tha thứ
encourage : khuyến khích imagine : tưởng tượng
involve : bao gồm, liên quan keep : giữ
mention : đề cập miss : bỏ lở not mind : không ngại * permit : cho phép
postpone : trì hỗn practise : luyện tập resent : phật ý, oán recollect : hồi tưởng risk : liều lĩnh * recommend : khuyên bảo
spend : dùng, trãi qua suggest : gợi ý, đề nghị * teach : dạy
tolerate : chịu đựng, tha thứ understand : hiểu
Lưu y ù: Những động từ có dấu *, theo sau ta dùng V-ing/ To- infinitive (Tùy theo tình huống).
Ex: She admitted stealing his money This job involves meeting people
(13)II Động từ theo sau V-ing hay to-infinitive : (Không làm thay đổi nghĩa) begin / start : bắt đầu
can’t bear : chịu đựng can’t stand : chịu đựng continue : tiếp tục
dread : kinh sợ
hate : ghét like : thích love : yêu neglect : lơ prefer : thích hôn Ex: She began working / to work on the project
III Động từ theo sau V-ing To-infinitive: (Thay đổi nghĩa)
Forget : quên Don’t forget to send me a postcard (quên để làm) I will never forget working with you (quên làm) Remember : nhớ Remember to your homework (nhớ để làm)
Do you remember meeting the president last year? (nhớ làm) Stop: ngưng He stopped to smoke when he was driving (ngưng để làm) Try + to-Inf : cố gắng
Try + Ving : thử We tried to win the game, but we failed.Have you ever tried windsurfing? Mean + to-inf : muốn
Mean + Ving : nghóa I mean to take a trip to Canada.A trip to Da Lat means spending much money Regret + to-inf : tiếc
Regret + Ving : hối hận
We regret to say that your application can’t be accepted He regrets not lending me some money
IV Động từ theo sau VInf:
Make: khiến Let : cho phép Have : nhờ Help : giúp đỡ
My mother makes me study They let him go
I had him wash my car
Advertising helps (to) sell more products
( CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
I Dạng phổ bieán:Type (loại) If clause (Mệnh đề IF) Main clause (Mệnh đề chính) Possible future (I) S + V1(s/es) S + will + V Inf
Untrue present (II) S + V2/ed / were S + would + V Inf Untrue past (III) S + had + V3/ed S + would have + V3/ed
Ex: If she takes a taxi, she will come on time If I were you, I would tell her the truth
If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam II Dạng đảo ngữ:
Type (loại) If clause ( Mệnh đề If ) Main clause (Mệnh đề chính) Possible future Should + S + V Inf.… S + will + V Inf
Untrue present Were + S + adj/ NP … Did + S + V Inf …
(14)III Dạng rút gọn:
Type (loại) If clause (Mệnh đề If ) Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)
Untrue present But for + NP
Without + NP S + would + V Inf
Untrue past S + would have + V3/ed
Ex: If it hadn’t been for his help, we wouldn’t have succeeded
→ But for his help, we wouldn’t have succeeded
Mệnh đề mục đích mệnh đề bắt đầu SO THAT IN ORDER THAT dùng để nói lên mục đích hành động
Example: These students tried to study English hard so that/ in order that they could go abroad. Cấu trúc:
… SO THAT/ IN ORDER THAT + S + can could will would
+ V-infinitive …
Lưu ý: Khi nối hai câu (hai mệnh đề độc lập) lại với sử dụng mệnh đề mục đích, ta cần để ý:
- Nếu hai câu cho có chủ từ câu thứ hai sau động từ “WANT” túc từ ta dùng “ IN ORDER TO/ IN ORDER NOT TO + V-infinitive”
Example: She opened all the windows She wanted to get cool. She opened all the windows in order to get cool
- Nếu hai câu cho có chủ từ sau động từ “WANT” có túc từ ta lấy túc từ làm chủ từ cho mệnh đề mụch đích dùng so that/ in order that mà
Example: I don’t come there early I don’t want him to meet me. I don’t come there early so that he won’t meet me
( QUEN VỚI – TỪNG)
a) To be used to/ To get used to + Noun/ V-ing … : dùng để diễn tả thích nghi Ex: I am used to the weather here (Tôi quen thuộc với thời tiết đây)
My father is used to getting up early in the morning to have tea or coffee
b) Used to + V-infinitive : dùng để diễn tả thói quen khứ chấm dứt hoàn toàn. Ex: I used to smoke a box of cigarettes a day, but now I don’t smoke any longer
(MẠO TỪ)
1 Vị trí: Đứng truớc danh từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó. 2 Mạo từ: a / an / the
a Mạo từ: “a /an” gọi mạo từ bất định Ex: He is a good student
(15)b Mạo từ “the”: gọi mạo từ xác định Ex: I met a boy The boy is very lazy * Cách dùng:
- Dùng trước vật tồn nhất: the sun, the earth, the moon, …
- Tên sông , tên biển: the Long Binh River, the Thames, the Missouri River, the Panama Canal, the Black Sea, the Pacific (Ocean), the Atlantic, the Arctic, the Indian, …
- Tên dãy núi, đảo, quốc gia liên hợp: the Alps, the Himalayas, the British Islands, the United States, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, …
- Dùng truớc tính từ tập hợp người: the rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind, the old, the Vietnamese, the British, …
- Trước tính từ so sánh nhất: the most beautiful girl, the earliest comer, … - Cụm ngữ: The + N + of + the/our + N
Ex: The date of the meeting : ngày họp
The problems of overpollution: vấn đề ô nhiễm
(GIỚI TỪ)
I Giới từ thời gian: IN: (vào lúc, vòng)Cách dùng: - tháng, năm, mùa, buổi, khoảng thời gian
IN September 1990
the morning / the afternoon / the evening spring
the next few years the night
three weeks fifteen minutes AT: (vào lúc) AT o’clock
night /noon / midnight weekend
that time lunch(time) present Christmas the moment the age of 18 ON: (vào lúc) ON Tuesday July 7th that day
Thursday afternoon the morning of the 8th
Cụm thời gian không cần giới từ: last night tomorrow morning this week these days
next year nowadays every day today yesterday tonight
Cụm từ có khơng có giới từ: (on) that day
(in) the previous day (on) the following Sunday II Giới từ nơi chốn:
1 IN: (trong)
IN the room the schoolyard London
the box (hộp) AT: (kế, tại)
AT the door the library the theatre the table home school sea (đi biển) ON:
(16)Christmas day holiday(s)
4 From … to … : (Từ … đến …)
5 during the show : buổi trình diễn for + ktg :
7 since 1998 : kể từ
8 by Friday : trước thứ sáu over eight years : tám năm
the ceiling table
4 in front of my house : trước nhà behind the park : đằng sau công viên opposite the bank : đối diện ngân hàng above the picture : tranh below the paragraph : duới đoạn văn under the chair : ghế dựa
between Asia and America : (hai vật) among the trees : (3 trở lên) over the village: (chuyển động, bao phủ) across the street : băng ngang qua đường
(AO ƯỚC)
Type (loại) Main clause ( Mệnh đề
chính ) Wish clause (Mệnh đề ao ước) Possible future
S + wish (ed)
S + would / could + V Inf
Untrue present S + V2/ed / were
S + were + Ving
Untrue past S + had + V3/ed
Ex: She wishes she could visit London I wish I were a president
They wish they hadn’t stayed up late yesterday 14
It + takes / took/ will take + (O ) + Ktg + to-inf … (ai) … khoảng thời gian để … S + spend / spent + Ktg + (in) + Ving … trải qua khoảng thời gian làm S + spend / spent + Ktg + on + Sth tiêu xài
Ex: It takes me hours to homework every day I spend hours doing homework every day 15
It + is/ was + adj + (for O ) + to-inf …
Vieäc … Ving … + is / was + adj …
To-inf + is / was + adj …
Ex: It is very important (for us) to study English ( Học tiếng anh quan trọng) To study English is very important
Studying Eglish is very important 16
It’s + nice
polite kind
considerable
+ of + sb + to-Inf …
(17)(18)17 The extra object IT: ( Tân ngữ phụ IT)
S + in
think make believe f d prove consider
+ it + Adj./ Pronoun + To- infinitive ……
: nghĩ : nhận định : tin : tìm thấy : chứng tỏ : xem Ex: He finds it difficult to maths
My sister made it her duty to housework 18 so/ such … that…: (… … mà …)
a)
S + V
so + adj / adv + that + S + V … : … such + (a / an) + adj + N + that + S +V … : đến nỗi…
so many + adj + N + that + S +V … : nhiều (count noun) …
so few : (count noun) …
so much : nhiều (uncount) …
so little : ít( uncount) … Ex: The weather was so cold that we couldn’t go out
It was such cold weather that we couldn’t go out There are so many people that we can’t find Tom He ate so much meat that he got fat
So little water is there that people couldn’t leave here b) Đảo ngữ:
So + adj + be + S that + S + V … Quá … … S + V + so + adj + a / an + N + that S + V …
Ex: - So cold was the weather that we couldn’t go out
- It is so beautiful a dress that Mary wants to buy it at once 19
It is +
tan obligatory impor t urgent necessary
+(that) + S + (should) + V Inf …
: bắt buộc : quan trọng : cấp bách : cần thiết Ex: It is important that he (should) study hard
It is urgent that the government ban cars from the city center 20. S + suggest demand urge advise order
+ that + S + (should ) + V Inf …
: gợi ý, đề nghị : yêu cầu : thúc giục : khuyên bảo : lệnh Ex: He advised that we should keep the gate locked
(19)21 too … to / enough:
S + V + too + adj / adv (for O) + to-inf … : … nên … S + V + adj / adv + enough (for +O) + to-inf … : đủ … để
S + V + enough + N + ( for + O ) + to-inf … : đủ … để … Ex: The water was too hot for us to drink
It is too late for us to it now
The small boy had enough money to buy the toy car He worked hard enough to pass the exam
22 No sooner …… than…: (ngay … thì, vừa … …) a)
S + had
no sooner + V3/ed + than + S + V2/ed hardly + V3/ed + when + S + V2/ed barely
scarcely
Ex: He had no sooner come home than the boss rang him
I had hardly locked the door when I realized that I had left the key inside
b) Đảo ngữ: Khi từ/ cụm từ mang nghĩa phủ định đặt đầu câu phải có đảo ngữ chủ ngữ động từ nhằm làm tăng giá trị ngữ pháp câu.
No sooner had + S + V3/ed than + S + V2/ed Hardly
Barely Scarcely
had + S + V3/ed when + S + V2/ed Ex: No sooner had the boss got to the office than the rain began to fall
Hardly had he come home when he realized that someone broken into his house 23
Much Adj / Adv
as + S1 +V,
S + V2/ed Mặc dù though + S1 + V,
Ex: Much as I admired him, she didn’t like his behavior Hard as he studied, he couldn’t pass the exam 24.
Speculating events in the past Dạng phán đoán (về khứ) S + should have + V3/ed Đáng lẽ nên
S + would / could + have + V3/ed Có lẽ S + might have + V3/ed Có lẽ S + can’t have + V3/ed Không thể
Ex: I shouldn’t have stayed up last night ( I stayed up last night and now I regret) The woman might have gone home
25 As if / as though: (giá như)
S + V
as if as though (dường như)
không thật
S + V2/ed (HT) S + had + V3/ed (QK)
Ex: She talked as if she were my mother
(20)26
This/ That / It is the first time + S + have / has + V3 … Đây lần … S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/ed + such + a / an + adj + N (before) Chưa …… trước
Ex: It is the first time I have eaten such a delicious meal I haven’t eaten such a delicious meal
I haven’t eaten such a more delicious meal than this 27
It’s (high / about) time + for + O + to-Inf. : đến lúc … It’s (high / about) time + S + V2/ed
Ex: It’s high time for you to study English harder It’s high time you went to work
28
The last time + S + V2/ed … + was + Ktg ago Lần cuối … S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/ed … for + Ktg Không …… khoảng
Ex: The last time we visited to the zoo was years ago We haven’t visited the museum for years
The last time + S + V2/ed … was + in + 1990 Lần cuối … S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/ed … since 1990 Không … kể từ … Ex: The last time we met him was in 1990
We haven’t met him since 1990 29
Due to
+ Ving / NP
Do Nhờ Bởi vì Owing to
Thanks to Because of
Ex: The train was late due to the storm
Owing to his help we managed to put out the fire Because of working hard, he passed all the exams 30
Would you mind + V-ing / Noun phrase? Phiền bạn / ông …? How about
+ V-ing / Noun phrase? Theá … ? What about
Ex: Would you mind not smoking here? How about (having) some biscuits? 31 S + prefer + Ving / sth + to + Ving / sth
S + prefer + to-inf + than + to-inf … : thích Ex: They prefer swimming to playing football
I prefer to cook than (to) clean the floor 32 It’s +
no good
nouse + V-ing : vơ ích (để làm gì) 33 There is no point in + V-ing : vơ ích để
34 There is a ban on + sth : caám
(21)35 S + have no / the intention …
inf
of V ing
to initive : (không) có ý ñònh … Ex: She has no intention of choosing this job
The young girl had the intention to collect stamps 36 S + would rather + (not) + VInf. (HT) : muốn, thích S + would rather +V Inf .+ than +V Inf …(HT) : thích … S + would rather + (not) + have + V3/ed (QK) : thích, muốn S + would rather + S + V2/ed / were +… (HT)
S + would rather + S + had + V3/ed + … (QK) Ex: - She would rather go to the cinema - I would rather watch TV than go out
- We would rather not have told her about that
- The boy would rather his father allowed him to stay up late - She would rather he had phoned her last week
37 Giới từ theo sau động từ tính từ:
thank sb for + Ving : cám ơn vê apologize to sb for + Ving / sth : xin loãi
be afraid of : e sợ
be amazed at / by : ngạc nhiên be annoyed with sb at / about sth : bực, tức
be aware of : nhận biết
be bored with : chaùn
be clever at : khéo léo, linh hoạt
be crowded with : đông đúc
be excited at / about : hứng thú
be famous for : tiếng
be fed up with : chaùn
be fond of : thích
be good/ bad at : giỏi
be interested in : say mê be involved in : liên quan be keen on : say mê be proud of : tự hào be responsible
for something
to somebody : chịu trách nhiệm / chịu trách nhiệm báo cáo be satisfied with : thoả mãn
be short of : thieáu be skilled at / in : khéo léo be successful in : thành công be surprised at / by : ngạc nhiên be tired of : chán
from : mệt (kết quả) be worried about : lo lắng
(22)look forward to + V-ing / sth: mong mỏi look after : chăm sóc
look at : nhìn vào
pick sb / sth up : đón , nhặt prevent sb from + Ving / sth: ngăn chặn protect sb from / against sth: bảo vệ
provide … sb with sth : cung cấp cho remind sb of + Ving / sth: gợi nhớ
run out ( of sth) : cạn kiệt
stay up : thức khuya
take care of : chăm sóc talk / speak to sb : nói
tell sb (about) sth : báo, nói với
belong to : thuộc
38
break out : bùng nổ
call off : huỷ bỏ
get rid of : vứt bỏ
give up : boû
go away : ñi xa
go for a walk : ñi daïo
go off : nổ, nhã đạn,reo
go out : tắt ( lửa , đèn)
go over : xem kyõ
go shopping / fishing / swimming : mua sắm/ câu cá/ bơi have (no / any ) difficulty + Ving : gặp khó khăn
put off : trì hỗn
take part in : tham gia
take place : dieãn
turn on / off : mở/ tắt
39 It was not until + S + V2/ed that S’ + V2/ed Not until + S + V2/ed + did + S’ + V Inf …
Ex: It was not until he spoke that she recognized him Not until he spoke did she recognize him
40 Be about to –inf : saép Be on the point of + Ving : saép 41
seem look
feel
+ Adj : dường như, trơng có vẽ, cảm thấy 42
- accuse sb of ving / sth : tố cáo - agree with sb about/ on sth: đồng ý - agree with sth : đồng ý ( với ý kiến)
(23)- belong to : thuộc - borrow sth from sb : mượn
- complain (to sb) about sth: phàn nàn …
- concentrate on : taäp trung
- congratulate sb (on sth): chúc mừng …
- consider sb as sth : xem … - depend on : phụ thuộc, dựa vào - die of sth : chết - divide sth into … : chia thành
- dream about / of : mô
- happen to sb / sth : xảy (với)
- hear of sth / sb : nghe nói from sb : nhận tin từ - laugh at : cười nhạo - leave (somewhere) for somewhere: rời … đến …
- live on sth : sống nhờ vào - regard A as B : xem A B - search (sw) for sth : tìm, lục - suffer from : đau khổ - think of / about : nghĩ - translate sth into sth : dịch … sang
- wait for : chờ
43 There + be + N + … left/ available : có sẵn có, laïi Ex: There is no tea left
There are no seats available
44 It was when / while/ because + clause+ that + clause : lúc, là Ex: It was while he was driving a car that he saw an UFO
45 S+ learned /began / started + to-inf when + S + V2/ed S + has /have + V3/ed … since + S + V2/ed
Ex: He started to learn English when he was years old He has learned English since he was years old 46 No one / No + N + V + so / as + adj / adv + as + S2 S2 + negative V + the + most + adj / adv (daøi) …
Adj / adv (ngaén) + est …
Ex: No students in my class are so intelligent as Tam Tam is the most intelligent in my class
47 There + be + N + … left / available : có sẵn có, lại Ex: There is no tea left
There are no seats available
48 No one / No + N + V + so / as + adj / adv + as + S2 : khoâng … nhö … S2 + negative V + the + most + adj / adv (daøi)…
adj / adv (ngắn) + est ……… Ex: No students in my class are so intelligent as Tam 49 No longer : khơng cịn nữa
Normal Inversion
S + no longer + V1 / V2/ed / have to … No longer + does / / did + S + V Inf …/ have to … S + has / have + no longer + V3/ed … No longer + has / have + no longer + V3/ed … S + will / can / may + no longer + V Inf No longer + will / can / may + V Inf
Ex: She no longer washes clothes by hand → No longer does she wash clothes by hand
50 Not …… any more/ any longer:
S + aux + not + V + any more / any longer Khơng … cịn Ex: They haven’t lived in the cottage any more
(24)feel pity for : cảm thấy thương xót feel regret for : hối tiếc, ân hận feel sympathy for: thông cảm
give birth to : sinh
give place to : nhường chỗ cho
give way to : nhượng bộ, chịu thua, nhường đường cho have a preference for : thích
have an effect on : ảnh hưởng have an influence on : ảnh hưởng
keep correspondence with : liên hệ thư từ với
keep pace with/ catch up with : sánh bước, theo kịp, đuổi kịp lose sight of : hút, khơng cịn thấy
lose touch with : liên lạc lose track of : dấu make a contributtion to : đóng góp make a decision on : định make a fuss over / about: làm ầm ĩ make allowance for : chiếu cố đến make fun of : đùa cợt, chế nhạo make room for : dọn phòng cho make up one’s mind : định
make use of : sử dụng, lợi dụng pay attention to : ý
put a stop to/ put an end to : chấm dứt, kết thúc set fire to : thiêu huỷ
take / have an interest in : say mê take / have pity on : thương xót take account of : kể đến, tính đến take advantage of : lợi dụng, tận dụng take care of/ look after : trơng nơm, chăm sóc take note of : ghi nhớ, ý take notice of : ý
(25)
(VAÊN PHONG)
1 to look at: to have a look at : nhìn vào
2 to think about/of: to give thought to : nghó to be determined to-inf: to have a determination to-inf : quyeát taâm to know about/of: to have knowledge of : bieát
5 to tend to: to have a tendency to : có khuynh hướng
6 to intend to + inf: to have the / no intention of + V-ing/ to-inf: có ý định to desire to-inf : to have a desire to-inf : khao khaùt
8 to wish : to have / express a wish (for sth/ to-inf) : ước
9 to visit sb.: to pay a visit lo sb, to pay sb a visit : viếng thăm 10 to discuss sth.: to have a discussion about : thảo luận 11 to decide to-inf: to make a decision to-inf : định
12 to talk to: to have a talk with : nói với
13 to explain sth.: to give an explanation for : giải thích
14 to call sb.: to give sb a call : goïi
15 to be interested in.: to have interest in : say meâ
16 to drink: to have a drink : uoáng
17 to photograph: to have a photograph : chuïp hình
18 to laugh at: to give a laugh at : cười
19 to welcome: to give sb a welcome : chào noun nồng nhiệt
20 to kiss sb: to give sb a kiss : hoân
21 to ring sb: to give sb a ring : gọi (điện thoại)
22 to warn : to give a warning : cảnh báo
23 to try to-inf: to make an effort to-inf, to make an attempt to-inf: cố gắng 24 to meet sb: to have a meeting with sb : gaëp
25 to succeed in : to make a success in : thành công
26 to be used: to be in use : sử dụng
27 to rest: to have a rest : nghæ
28 to sleep: to have a sleep : nguû
29 to bathe: to have/ take a bath : taém
30 to examine: to have an examination of : kieåm tra
31 to agree: to be in agreement : đồng ý
32 to disagree: to be in disagreement (with) : không đồng ý 33 to contact sb.: to have contact with sb : liên lạc 34 to exchange: to have an exchange of : trao đổi 35 to argue with sb.: to have an argument with sb : tranh cãi 36 to complain about: to have a complaint about : phàn nàn
37 to land: to make a landing : hạ cánh
38 to receive sth.: to be in receipt of sth : nhaän
39 to need: to have a need of : caàn
40 to love sb.: to fall in love with sb : yeâu
41 to brush sth.: to give sth a brush : chaûi
42 to arrange with sb: to have an arrangement with sb : xếp