(Đây là thói quen chứ không phải một hoàn cảnh cụ thể nào nên dùng loại zero).. Phân biệt:.[r]
(1)CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN NÂNG CAO PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT
Cấu trúc câu điều kiện cấp độ nâng cao
Chào em, sau nắm vững công thức rồi, sau em tiếp tục xem phần nâng cao câu điệu kiện
Dùng were to bên mệnh đề có if: Để diễn tả hồn cảnh tưởng tượng tương lai: Ví dụ:
If the government were to cut V.A.T, prices would fall ( Tưởng tưởng cho thư giãn ha, thời buổi “gạo châu củi quế” )
If he were to win the game, he would be rich (Tưởng tượng thơi khơng dễ thắng đâu)
Để đề nghị cách lịch sự: Ví dụ:
If you were to ask him, he might help you (Nếu bạn mà nhờ đến giúp bạn) If you were to move over, we could all sit on the sofa
Lưu ý:
Công thức không áp dụng cho động từ tình trạng như: know, like, remember, understand…
Ví dụ:
If I were to remember… ( sai) If I remembered… ( đúng)
Trong công thức were đem ngồi if, có not khơng đem not theo mà phải để lại sau chủ từ
Ví dụ:
Weren’t the government to cut… (sai) Were the government not to cut… (đúng)
Dùng it was/were not for + noun bên mệnh đề if
Người ta dùng cấu trúc để diễn tả hoàn cảnh lệ thuộc vào hoàn cảnh hay người khác
Ví dụ:
If it were not for you, I would die (Nếu khơng có bạn tơi “tiêu” rồi) Đối với chuyện khứ ta dùng: if it hadn’t been for…
Các em dùng but for để thay công thức mà không thay đổi nghĩa: Ví dụ:
If it were not for you,… = but for you,… Phân biệt if not unless:
(2)Không thể dùng unless thay cho if not trường hợp sau: Trong tình khơng thật (thường câu loại 3) Ví dụ:
She would be a good friend if she were not selfish She would be a good friend unless she were selfish (sai) If he had not been absent, he would have known that
Unless he had been absent, he would have known that (sai) Khi nói cảm xúc:
I will be disappointed, if you don’t pass the exam I will be disappointed, unless you pass the exam (sai) Trong hầu hết câu hỏi:
Ví dụ:
What you think if I don’t come? What you think unless I come? (sai)
Không thể dùng if not thay cho unless trường hợp sau:
Khi ta nhắc đến việc qua với nhận xét Cách nhận tình có dấu gạch nối trước unless
Ví dụ:
I couldn’t have gone to school on time – unless I had got up earlier (Tôi học giờ- Trừ tơi dậy sớm hơn.)
Trong tính này, thực tế không học không dậy sớm So sánh với câu dùng if not
I couldn’t have gone to school on time, if I had not got up earlier (Tôi học không thức dậy sớm hơn)
Trong trường hợp thực tế dậy sớm học Nghĩa hoàn toàn ngược với câu
Khi ta nói xong câu, sau thêm vào ý Trường hợp phải có dấu gạch nối Ví dụ:
Because my secretaty is in the hospital, the work can’t continue – Unless you take up her position, of course (Vì thư kí tơi nằm viện, cơng việc tiếp tục – Dĩ nhiên trừ thay vị trí ấy.)
Because my secretaty is in the hospital, the work can’t continue if you don’t take up her position, of course (sai)
Câu điều kiện loại zero
Người ta gọi tên “zero” có lẽ thấy vế chia đơn Cách dùng:
(3)If water is frozen, it expands Nếu nước bị đơng đặc nở (Đây thật, chân lí lúc nên dùng loại zero)
Phân biệt:
If the water is frozen, it will expand Nếu nước bị đơng đặc nở (Đây hoàn cảnh cụ thể, khối nước cụ thể xác định nên khơng dùng loại zero)
Diễn tả thói quen: Ví dụ:
If it rains, I go to school by taxi (Đây thói quen khơng phải hồn cảnh cụ thể nên dùng loại zero)
Phân biệt:
If it rains this evening, I will go to school by taxi (Đây hoàn cảnh cụ thể khơng phải thói quen nên khơng dùng loại zero)
Câu điều kiện loại hỗn hợp
Loại hỗn hợp loại câu điều kiện mà vế khác loại Ví dụ:
If you had not spent too much yesterday, you would not be broke now (Nếu hôm qua bạn khơng xài q nhiều tiền hơm đâu có túi vầy) => Loại + loại
If you liked animals, I would have taken you to the zoo => Loại 2+ loại If she arrived there yesterday, she can come here tomorrow => Loại + loại
Như em thấy loại hổn hợp đa dạng Vấn đề đặt biết chia vế loại Để làm loại hổn hợp em cần nắm vững bí sau:
Trước tiên em phải hiểu chất câu điều kiện thật chia động từ theo thời gian nó, cịn khơng có thật, khó xảy giả sử thơi lùi
Khi nắm ngun tắc em xem xét vế riêng biệt mà chia chư khơng chia vế xong thấy loại vội vàng chia vế dễ sai Thử lấy ví dụ phân tích xem
If you had not spent too much yesterday, you would not be broke now
Vế đầu chuyện xảy q khứ khơng có thật (nếu hơm qua không xài nhiều tiền => thực tế xài nhiều tiền) Bình thường động từ khứ chia q khứ đơn khơng thật nên ta giảm xuống thành QKHT
Vế sau chuyện khơng có thật nên từ will giảm thành would ( dùng will cơng thức câu điều kiện)
If you liked animals, I would have taken you to the zoo
Vế đầu nói sở thích chung chung nên bình thường chia khơng thật nên giảm xuống q khứ Vế sau việc khứ nên giảm xuống thành would have p.p
Tóm lại:
Các em không nên học chi tiết loại hỗn hợp mà cần nhớ nguyên tắc chiếu theo mà xem xét vế Lưu ý phải đọc kỹ manh mối cho câu đề để định thời gian biết có xảy hay khơng Thơng thường có sở để em xét:
(4)-Thời gian tại/tương lai -Thói quen
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện
Các chữ : HAD câu ĐK loại 3, chữ WERE, loại 2, chữ SHOULD loại đem trước chủ từ cho IF
Ví dụ:
If I were you, I would … = Were I you , I would… If I had gone to school…… = Had I gone to school… if I should go…
= Should I go…
Lưu ý: Nếu có NOT để NOT lại không đem đầu PHẦN B: VÍ DỤ
Bài tập 1: Chia động từ ngoặc
1 If they (listen) carefully, they might hear the woodpecker If I had lain down on the sofa, I (fall) asleep
3 Ngoc could have worked as a model if she (be) taller The soil (not/dry out) if you water the plants regularly If you (give) the young boy this stick, he’d hurt himself
6 We (not/take) the wrong tram if Dzung had asked the policewoman If the cat hides in the tree, the dog (not/find) it
8 The students would have solved the problem if they (use) their textbooks If he washed his feet more often, his girlfriend (visit) him more often 10.Manh (read) the newspaper if he went by train
Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu với từ cho sẵn (chú ý chia động từ) If/ you/ mix/ red/ blue/ get / purple
2 If/ Arsenal/ win/ they/ be/ top/ the league It /rain/ we / cancel / the match
4 You / take / first bus/ you/will/ get /there on time
5 You / need more helpers/ I /can try / get some time off work Mary might / deliver your parcel / you /ask /her
7 I / were / 20/ I would/ travel/ world
8 Jim / lent / us / car / we / could / go / party
(5)1 If we meet at 9:30, we (to have) plenty of time Lisa would find the milk if she (to look) in the fridge
3 The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (to feed) the animals If you spoke louder, your classmates (to understand) you
5 Dan (to arrive) safe if he drove slowly
6 You (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework If you (to swim) in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold
8 The door will unlock if you (to press) the green button
9 If Mel (to ask) her teacher, he’d have answered her questions 10.I (to call) the office if I was/were you
Bài tập 4: Hoàn thành câu với từ cho sẵn If it (to be) warmer, we (to go) swimming
2 My parents (to buy) this house if the man (not/to sell) it to someone else If he (not/to fail) his driving test, his parents (to lend) him their car If my uncle (to tell) me the way to his office, I (not/to arrive) so late She (to be) at the airport if she (to read) the message carefully Lucy (not/to hurt) her foot if she (not/to drop) the old box on it If you (to use) a sharp knife, you (not/to cut) yourself
8 If Victoria (to celebrate) her birthday at home, I (to bring) her some flowers We (to take) the train to Edinburgh if it (to run) on time If Max (not/to forget) his
schoolbag, he (to give) you your USB flash drive
10.If Max (not/to forget) his schoolbag, he (to give) you your USB flash drive Bài tập 5: Cho dạng động từ ngoặc
1 If I see him, I _ (give) him a gift
2 If I had a typewriter, I _ (type) it myself
3 If I had known that you were in hospital, I _ (visit) you
4 You could make better progress if you _ (attend) class regularly If I _ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you
6 If you _ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat If he worked more slowly, he _ (not make) so many mistakes I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _ (be) you
9 If I _ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight
10.A lot of people _ (be) out of work if the factory closed down
11.I (have) ………… plenty of money now if I (not/spend) ………… so much yesterday 12.If someone (give) ……….you a boat, what you (do) ……… ?
13.If you……… (press) CTRL + S, you……… (save) the file
(6)15.If she……… (buy) a new hard disk, she……… (not/ lose) all data ĐÁP ÁN
Đáp án tập 1 listened
2 could have fallen had been
4 won’t dry out gave
6 wouldn’t have taken won’t find
8 had used would visit 10.would read Đáp án tập
1 If you mix red and blue, you get purple If Arsenal wins, they’ll be top of the league If it rains, we will cancel the match
4 If you take the first bus, you’ll get there on time
5 If you need more helpers, I can try and get some time off work Mary might deliver your parcel if you ask her
7 If I were 20, I would travel the world
8 If Jim lent us his car, we could go to the party
9 We would save £3.50 a day if we didn’t eat any lunch
10.If burglars broke into my house, they wouldn’t find any money Đáp án tập
1 will have looked had fed
4 would understand would arrive would have had swim
(7)1 If it had been warmer, we would have gone swimming
2 My parents would have bought this house if the man had not sold it to someoneelse If he had not failed his driving test, his parents would have lent him their car
4 If my uncle had told me the way to his office, I would not have arrived so late She would have been at the airport if she had read the message carefully Lucy would not have hurt her foot if she had not dropped the old box on it If you had used a sharp knife, you would not have cut yourself
8 If Victoria had celebrated her birthday at home, I would have brought her some flowers We would have taken the train to Edinburgh if it had run on time
10.If Max had not forgotten his schoolbag, he would have given you your USB flash drive Đáp án tập
1 will give would type
3 would have visited attended;
5 knew had arrived wouldn’t make were
9 find 10 would be
11 would have/ hadn’t spent (ĐK hỗn hợp) 12 gives/ what will you
13 press/ save (hoặc will save) 14 would be/ taught
15 had bought/ wouldn’t have lost PHẦN C: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Task Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense
1 If you (expose) phosphorus to air, It (burn) If you (heat) ice, it (turn) to water
3 If metal (get) hot, it (expand)
4 If you (stand) in the rain, You (get) wet
5 If anyone (ring) the bell, don’t (open) the door
6 If my father (not, sleep) well, he (drink) coffee before going to bed If you (press) this button, the machine (stop)
(8)9 If anyone (call), say that I (be, not) at home
10 If you (go) to the Post Office, you (mail) this letter for me ĐÁP ÁN
1 expose heat gets stand rings
6 doesn’t sleep, drinks press, stops
8 multiply, get calls, am not 10 go, mail
Task Using the given information, make conditional sentences with IF She is living in China because she got married to a Chinese
……… I am tired now because I went home late yesterday ………
3 She did the homework last night so she gets a high score today ………
4 It rained yesterday so I don’t go to school today ………
5 I missed the end of the film so I don’t know who the murderer was ………
ĐÁP ÁN
1 If She hadn’t got married to a Chinese, She wouldn’t be living in china If I hadn’t gone home late yesterday, I wouldn’t be tired now
3 If She hadn’t done the homework last night, She wouldn’t get a high score today If It hadn’t rained yesterday, I wouldn’t go to school today
5 If I hadn’t missed the end of the film, I would know who the murderer was Task Choose the best answer
1 If she ……… the lottery last year, She……… rich now A Have won/would be B had won/would be
C won/would be D wins/will be
(9)C done/would get D does/will get
3 If we had played this game yesterday, we……….a lot of money now A Will have B may have
C would have had D would have
4 If it ………last night, it would be cold today A Had rained B rained
C have rained D was raining
5 If she……….to me, she……… in trouble right now A Had listened/would be B had listened/would have be
C had listened/would not be D A and B
ĐÁP ÁN B had won/would be
2 A Had done/would get D would have
4 A Had rained
5 C had listened/would not be
Câu hỏi
Đáp án B A D A C
Task Using the given information, make conditional sentences with IF We reach Sally’s house now because we didn’t ask for direction earlier ………
2 Since he is an only child, his parents have spoiled him ………
3 Bob didn’t learn Chinese in high school, so he doesn’t have many job opportunities ………
4 I am not rich I didn’t buy that house last month ………
ĐÁP ÁN
1 If we had asked for direction earlier, we would reach Sally’s house now If he weren’t an only child, his parents wouldn’t have spoiled him
3 If Bob had learned Chinese in high school, he would have many job opportunities If I were rich, I would have bought that house last month
Task Choose the best answer
1 If it had rained one hour ago, the streets………… wet now A Would have be B will be
(10)2 If I ……….to the beach yesterday, I would be tired today A Have gone B Goes
C had gone D A and B
3 If they had gone to school yesterday, they to the museum now A Would go B will go
C could go D A and C
4 If he had done exercise last night, he………soccer right now A Will play B can play
C plays D could play
5 If Nina had not gone out last week, she………die now A Will B would
C could D B and C
ĐÁP ÁN D would be
2 C had gone D A and C D could play D B and C
Câu hỏi
Đáp án D C D D D
Task Viết lại câu sau sang dạng câu điều kiện thích hợp Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up
→ If you don't keep silent, you will wake the baby up Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson
→ If……… I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up
→ If……… I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you
→ If……… We got lost because we didn’t have a map
(11)→ ……… Peter is fat because he eats so many chips
→ ………
10 Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes → ………
ĐÁP ÁN If you keep talking, you won't understand the lesson If I know her number, I will ring her up
4 If I know the answer, I will tell you
5 If we had had a map, we wouldn't have got lost
6 If Susan hadn't eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn't have felt sick If we hadn't had this treatment, the patient would have died
8 If he hadn't been late every day, he wouldn't have lost his job If Peter ate less chips, he wouldn't be fat
10 If Robert hadn't started smoking cigarettes, he wouldn't have got a bad cough Task Chọn đáp án
1 If she ……… the lottery last year, She ………… rich now A have won/would be B had won/would be
C won/would be D wins/will be
2 If I ……… the homework last night, I……… bonus today A had done/would get B had done/would have got
C done/would get D does/will get
3 If we had played this game yesterday, we……… a lot of money now A will have B may hav
C would have had D would have
4 If it ……… last night, it would be cold today A had rained B rained
C have rained D was raining
5 If she ……… to me, she ……… in trouble right now A had listened/would be B had listened/would have be
C had listened/would not be D A and B Hiển thị đáp án
1 B had won/would be A had done/would get D would have
(12)5 A had listened/would be
Câu hỏi
Đáp án B A D A A
Task Điền vào chỗ trống
1 If you take my advice, you (be) happy What would you if you (be) me?
3 If you (lend) me some books I will give them back in two weeks I (send) her a letter if I had found her address
5 She (not/steal) the bread if she hadn't been hungry If she (come) here I will tell her about the film I will be unhappy if you (leave) me
8 If you hadn't been so crazy you (not/buy) this expensive house If the sun (shine) I will go to the beach
10 If I (win) the lottery I would leave my country ĐÁP ÁN
1 will be were lend
4 would have sent
5 would not have stolen / wouldn't have stolen comes
7 leave
8 would not have bought -hoặc- wouldn't have bought shines
10 Won
Task Cho dạng động từ ngoặc If I see him, I _ (give) him a gift
2 If I had a typewriter, I _ (type) it myself
3 If I had known that you were in hospital, I _ (visit) you
4 You could make better progress if you _ (attend) class regularly If I _ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you
6 If you _ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat If he worked more slowly, he _ (not make) so many mistakes I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _ (be) you
9 If I _ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight
(13)ĐÁP ÁN will give
2 would type
3 would have visited attended
5 knew had arrived wouldn't make were
9 find 10 would be
Task 10 Điền vào chỗ trống
1 we (have) enough time if we wanted to see the castle? In case you (buy) a car, will you teach me to drive?
3 If I (not be) in a hurry, I wouldn't have made so many mistakes She won't finish it on time if she (not start) right now
5 She (get angry) if you had told her
6 On condition that they (support) our product, they would get a discount Even if I (ask) him, he won't come
8 Had I driven slowly, I (not crash)
9 It will be a disaster unless they (help) us
10 If you (have) something to eat, you wouldn't have felt sick 11 I wouldn't risk it if I (be) you
12 She would get fat if she (not stop) eating
13 The chicken wasn't good It (taste) better if you had put some spices on it ĐÁP ÁN
1 Would; have buy
3 had not been does not start would have got supported ask
8 would not have crashed help
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