Lý thuyết Lò phản ứng

recovered plutonum recovered uranium Reprocessing option. Back‐end cycle.[r]

Capital cost (Investment)

Over night cost (~5,000 $/kW)

• EPC (Engineering, procurement, and construction) cost (80%) ‐ Direct cost(70%) : equipment + labor + material (to assemble) ‐ Indirect cost(30%) : supervisory

• Owner’s cost (20%) ‐ Testing

‐ Operator training Financing cost

Insurance

Operation and Maintenance cost ‐ Fuel cost

‐ Waste disposal cost

Decommissioning cost Discount rate :

 Front end

• uranium ore • conversion

• enrichment

• fuel fabrication  Fuel cycle cost

 Back end

Mining the ore Concentrate to UOC

UOC ⇒ UF6 Enrichment UF6 ⇒ UO2 Fuel fabrication

Fuel Loading

uranium purchase conversion

enrichment fabrication

32~50 $/lb U3O8 14~17$/kgU

44~100 $/kgSWU 200~400 $/kgU

F, xF P, xp T, xT

feed product tail

     

SWU P T F

W  P V x  T V x  F V x

    1 ln x

V x x

x          Value function for cascade  (multiple stage) enrichment Separation Work Unit P T F T x x F

P x x

 



F  P T

Mass balance

P F

F T

x x T

P x x

 



F P T

x F  x Px T

F : mass (kg) x : enrichment

Unit : kg SWU

Spent fuel transport

Storage

Encapsulation

Disposal

Storage Reprocessing Treatment and storage of waste

Disposal of Low level waste Disposal of High

recovered plutonum recovered uranium Reprocessing option

ref) IAEA nuclear energy series : NF-T-3.5 Costing of spent nuclear storage

Net present value  

0 N

n n n

C NPV

r









r : discount rate : invester’s desired rate of return

contruction

operation

safe enclosure (SAFSTOR) dismantling (DECON) entombment (ENTOMB)

decommissioning commercial operation

Radwaste disposal

- Inflation corrected price

- Discount rate 1rn

Present value

http://www.wise-uranium.org/nfcc.html input present value