Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Câu điều kiện trong Tiếng Anh là ngữ pháp quan trọng trong tiếng Anh. Tuy nhiên không phải ai cũng nắm vững kiến thức về câu điều kiện. Trong bài viết viết dưới đây chúng tôi giới thiệu đến các bạn toàn bộ kiến thức về câu điều kiện như: khái niêm, cấu trúc, cách dùng và bài tập minh họa. Hi vọng đây là tài liệu hữu ích dành cho các bạn muốn trau dồi kiến thức, nâng cao khả năng tiếng Anh đặc biệt các bạn ôn thi THPT Quốc gia 2021 sắp tới
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRONG TIẾNG ANH I Định nghĩa câu điều kiện tiếng Anh Khái niệm câu điều kiện Tiếng Anh Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên giả thiết việc, mà việc xảy điều kiện nói đến xảy Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề): • Mệnh đề nêu lên điều kiện (còn gọi mệnh đề IF) mệnh đề phụ hay mệnh đề điều kiện • Mệnh đề nêu lên kết mệnh đề Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại • Câu điều kiện loại I cịn gọi câu điều kiện có thực • Điều kiện xảy tương lai Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại • Câu điều kiện loại II cịn gọi câu điều kiện khơng có thực • Điều kiện khơng thể xảy tương lai, điều kiện giả thiết, ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại • Câu điều kiện loại III câu điều kiện khơng có thực q khứ • Điều kiện khơng thể xảy q khứ, mang tính ước muốn khứ, giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng khứ II Cấu trúc câu điều kiện Tiếng Anh Câu điều kiện loại Cấu trúc: If + S + V/V(s/es), S + V/V(s/es) Cách sử dụng: Dùng để diễn tả việc ln đúng, chân lý Tổng hợp: Download.vn Ví dụ: - If you heat the ice, it melts (Nếu bạn làm nóng băng, tan chảy.) Đây thật hiển nhiên, luôn nên ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để nói Câu điều kiện loại Cấu trúc: If + S + V/V(s/es), S + will + V(nguyên thể) Trong câu điều kiện loại I, mệnh đề “If” ta chia HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN mệnh đề ta chia tương lai đơn Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định việc xảy tương lai Ví dụ: - If she comes, I will go with her (Nếu cô đến, với cô ấy) Ta hiểu “hiện cô chưa đến”, ta có đến hay khơng (hồn tồn xảy ra) Vì giả định “nếu đến” giả định hồn tồn xảy nên ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại Câu điều kiện loại Cấu trúc: If + S + V-ed/cột 2, S + would/should + V(nguyên thể) Trong câu điều kiện loại II, mệnh đề “IF” chia QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN động từ mệnh đề ta sử dụng cấu trúc: would/ should + động từ nguyên thể Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định việc xảy tương lai Ví dụ: - If they had a lot of money now, they would travel around the world (Nếu họ có nhiều tiền, họ du lịch vịng quanh giới.) Ta thấy có thời gian “now” (bây giờ) hiểu “bây họ khơng có nhiều tiền” nên đưa câu giả định Vì ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại II để diễn đạt giả định việc khơng có thật CHÚ Ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại II, mệnh đề “if” sử dụng động từ “to be” khứ đơn ta sử dụng “to be” “were” với tất ngơi Tổng hợp: Download.vn Ví dụ: - If I were you, I wouldn’t stay at home now (Nếu bạn, không nhà bây giờ.) Ta thấy chủ ngữ mệnh đề “If” “I” ta sử dụng động từ “to be” “were” câu điều kiện loại II “to be” chia khứ “were” với tất chủ ngữ Câu điều kiện loại Cấu trúc: If + S + had + VpII, S + would/should + have + vpII Trong câu điều kiện loại III, mệnh đề “If” chia Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH, động từ mệnh đề sử dụng cấu trúc: would/ should + have + VpII Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định việc trái với thật khứ Ví dụ: - If she had told me the truth yesterday, I would have helped her (Nếu nói với tơi thật ngày hơm qua, giúp cô rồi.) III Bài tập vận dụng Bài Chia động từ ngoặc If they (listen) carefully, they might hear the woodpecker If I had lain down on the sofa, I (fall) asleep Ngoc could have worked as a model if she (be) taller The soil (not/dry out) if you water the plants regularly If you (give) the young boy this stick, he’d hurt himself We (not/take) the wrong tram if Dzung had asked the policewoman If the cat hides in the tree, the dog (not/find) it The students would have solved the problem if they (use) their textbooks If he washed his feet more often, his girlfriend (visit) him more often 10 Manh (read) the newspaper if he went by train Đáp án listened; could have fallen; had been; won’t dry out; gave; wouldn’t have taken; won’t find; had used; would visit; 10 would read Tổng hợp: Download.vn Bài Hoàn thành câu với từ cho sẵn (chú ý chia động từ) If/ you/ mix/ red/ blue/ get / purple If/ Arsenal/ win/ they/ be/ top/ the league It /rain/ we / cancel / the match You / take / first bus/ you/will/ get /there on time You / need more helpers/ I /can try / get some time off work Mary might / deliver your parcel / you /ask /her I / were / 20/ I would/ travel/ world Jim / lent / us / car / we / could / go / party We / would / save £3.50 a day / we didn’t / eat any lunch 10 Burglars/ broke/ into my house/ they / find any money Đáp án If you mix red and blue, you get purple If Arsenal wins, they’ll be top of the league If it rains, we will cancel the match If you take the first bus, you’ll get there on time If you need more helpers, I can try and get some time off work Mary might deliver your parcel if you ask her If I were 20, I would travel the world If Jim lent us his car, we could go to the party We would save £3.50 a day if we didn’t eat any lunch 10 If burglars broke into my house, they wouldn’t find any money Bài Hoàn thành câu với từ cho sẵn If we meet at 9:30, we (to have) plenty of time Lisa would find the milk if she (to look) in the fridge The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (to feed) the animals Tổng hợp: Download.vn 4 If you spoke louder, your classmates (to understand) you Dan (to arrive) safe if he drove slowly You (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework If you (to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold The door will unlock if you (to press) the green button If Mel (to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions 10 I (to call) the office if I was/were you Đáp án: will have; looked; had fed; would understand; would arrive would have had; swim; press; had asked; 10 would call Bài Hoàn thành câu với từ cho sẵn 1.If it (to be) warmer, we (to go) swimming My parents (to buy) this house if the man (not/to sell) it to someone else If he (not/to fail) his driving test, his parents (to lend) him their car If my uncle (to tell) me the way to his office, I (not/to arrive) so late She (to be) at the airport if she (to read) the message carefully Lucy (not/to hurt) her foot if she (not/to drop) the old box on it If you (to use) a sharp knife, you (not/to cut) yourself If Victoria (to celebrate) her birthday at home, I (to bring) her some flowers We (to take) the train to Edinburgh if it (to run) on time 10 If Max (not/to forget) his schoolbag, he (to give) you your USB flash drive Đáp án If it had been warmer, we would have gone swimming My parents would have bought this house if the man had not sold it to someone else If he had not failed his driving test, his parents would have lent him their car Tổng hợp: Download.vn If my uncle had told me the way to his office, I would not have arrived so late She would have been at the airport if she had read the message carefully Lucy would not have hurt her foot if she had not dropped the old box on it If you had used a sharp knife, you would not have cut yourself If Victoria had celebrated her birthday at home, I would have brought her some flowers We would have taken the train to Edinburgh if it had run on time 10 If Max had not forgotten his schoolbag, he would have given you your USB flash drive Bài 5: Cho dạng động từ ngoặc: If I see him, I _ (give) him a gift If I had a typewriter, I _ (type) it myself If I had known that you were in hospital, I _ (visit) you You could make better progress if you _ (attend) class regularly If I _ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you If you _ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat If he worked more slowly, he _ (not make) so many mistakes I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _ (be) you If I _ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight 10 A lot of people _ (be) out of work if the factory closed down 11 I (have) ………… plenty of money now if I (not/spend) ………… so much yesterday 12 If someone (give) …………….you a boat, what you (do) …………… ? 13 If you (press) CTRL + S, you (save) the file 14 The children (be) happy if he (teach) them English 15 If she (buy) a new hard disk, she (not/ lose) all data Đáp án: Tổng hợp: Download.vn will give; had arrived; 11 would have/ hadn't spent (ĐK hỗn hợp); would type; wouldn't make; 12 gives/ what will you do; would have visited ; were; 13 press/ save (hoặc will save); attended; knew; find; 10 would be; 14 would be/ taught; 15 had bought/ wouldn't have lost; Bài 6: Bài tập chuyển sang câu điều kiện có đáp án Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up → If you don't keep silent, you will wake the baby up Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson → If…………………………………… ….…… I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up →If…………………………………… ….…… I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you → If …………………………………………….……… We got lost because we didn’t have a map → If …………………………………….…… …….…… Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes →…………………………………………… …… Without this treatment, the patient would have died →……………………………………….….… He lost his job because he was late every day →……………………………………………… …… Peter is fat because he eats so many chips →…………………………………………………… … 10 Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes Tổng hợp: Download.vn →……………………………… … Đáp án tham khảo (ngồi cịn nhiều cách viết sử dụng từ ngữ khác nhau, nghĩa không thay đổi) If you keep talking, you won't understand the lesson If I know her number, I will ring her up If I know the answer, I will tell you If we had had a map, we wouldn't have got lost If Susan hadn't eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn't have felt sick If we hadn't had this treatment, the patient would have died If he hadn't been late every day, he wouldn't have lost his job If Peter ate less chips, he wouldn't be fat 10 If Robert hadn't started smoking cigarettes, he wouldn't have got a bad cough Bài 7: Chọn đáp án I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house A hadn't B hadn't been C wouldn't be D wasn't If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work A wouldn't have been B would have been C wouldn’t be D would be If I _, I would express my feelings A were asked B would ask Tổng hợp: Download.vn C had been asked D asked If _ as I told her, she would have succeeded A she has done B she had done C she does D she did Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary? A stole B have stolen C were to steal D steal You made a mistake by telling her a lie It _ better if you _ to her A would have been/ hadn't lied B would be/ didn't lie C will be/ don't lie D would be/ hadn't lied John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business A would invest B invested C had invested D invests She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _ her to A wouldn’t advise B won't advise C hadn't advised Tổng hợp: Download.vn D didn't advise If the tree hadn't been so high, he _ it up to take his kite down A could have climbed B climb C is climbing D climbed 10 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down A climbed B could climb C is climbing D climb 11 If I _ her phone number, I _ her last night A had known/ could have phoned B knew/ would have phoned C know/ can phone D knew/ could phone 12 If he the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him A tells B told C had told D would tell 13 If you press that button what _? A would happen B would have happened C will happen D happen Tổng hợp: Download.vn 10 14 She says if she _ that the traffic lights were red she _ A had realized/ would stop B realized/ could have stopped C has realized/ stopped D had realized/ would have stopped 15 I am very thin I think, if I _ smoking, I might get fat A stop B had stopped C will stop D stopped 16 If I _ that yesterday, I _ them A had discovered/ would inform B had discovered/ would have informed\ C had discovered/ could inform D discovered/ can inform 17 If you _ to the course regularly, they a certificate last year A go/ gave B go/ give C had gone/ would have given D went/ would give 18 I think he is not at home If he _ in, he the phone A was/ answered B were/ would answer C were/ would have answered D had been/ would have answered 19 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum Tổng hợp: Download.vn 11 A were B had been C have been D would be 20 If Columbus _ money from Queen Isabella, he _ across the Atlantic A not receive/ could not sail B had not received/ might not have sailed C did not receive/ might not have sailed D would not receive/ might not sail Đáp án: 1-B -A -A 4-B 5-D 11 - A 12 - B 13 - C 14 - D 15 - A -A 7-B 8-C -A 10 - B 16 - B 17 - C 18 - B 19 - A 20 - B Bài 8: Chọn đáp án If she …………… the lottery last year, She ………… rich now A have won/would be B had won/would be C.won/would be D wins/will be If I …………… the homework last night, I…………… bonus today A had done/would get B had done/would have got C done/would get D does/will get If we had played this game yesterday, we…………… a lot of money now A will have Tổng hợp: Download.vn 12 B may have C would have had D would have If it ……………… last night, it would be cold today A had rained B rained C have rained D was raining If she …………… to me, she ……………… in trouble right now A had listened/would be B had listened/would have be C had listened/would not be D A & B If it had rained one hour ago, the streets ………… wet now A would have be B will be C be D would be If I ……………… to the beach yesterday, I would be tired today A have gone B goes C had gone D A & B If they had gone to school yesterday, they ……… to the museum now A would go B will go Tổng hợp: Download.vn 13 C could go D A&C If he had done exercise last night, he ……… soccer right now A will play B can play C plays D could play 10 If Nina had not gone out last week, she ……………… die now A will B would C could D B&C Đáp án: 1-B -A 3-D -A -A 6-D 7-C 8-D 9-D 10 - D Bài 9: Điền vào chỗ trống If you take my advice, you (be) happy What would you if you (be) me? If you (lend) me some books I will give them back in two weeks I (send) her a letter if I had found her address She (not/steal) the bread if she hadn't been hungry If she (come) here I will tell her about the film I will be unhappy if you (leave) me If you hadn't been so crazy you (not/buy) this expensive house If the sun (shine) I will go to the beach 10 If I (win) the lottery I would leave my country Đáp án: Tổng hợp: Download.vn 14 would not will be were lend would have have stolen / sent wouldn't have stolen would not comes have bought / leave wouldn't have shines 10 Won bought Bài 10: Điền vào chỗ trống we (have) enough time if we wanted to see the castle? In case you (buy) a car, will you teach me to drive? If I (not be) in a hurry, I wouldn't have made so many mistakes She won't finish it on time if she (not start) right now She (get angry) if you had told her On condition that they (support) our product, they would get a discount Even if I (ask) him, he won't come Had I driven slowly, I (not crash) It will be a disaster unless they (help) us 10 If you (have) something to eat, you wouldn't have felt sick 11 I wouldn't risk it if I (be) you 12 She would get fat if she (not stop) eating 13 The chicken wasn't good It (taste) better if you had put some spices on it Đáp án: - Would have - ask - buy - would not have crashed - had not - does not - would been start have got - help 10 - had had 11- were - supported 12 - did not stop 13 - would have tasted Tổng hợp: Download.vn 15 Bài 11: Tìm lỗi sai What (A) you (B) if you won the first (C) prize of the lottery? Would people be able (A) to fly (B), if they have (C) feathers instead of (D) hair? George now (A) wishes he hasn’t (B) broken (C) his encouragement with (D) Marian If Peter had been more (A) careful (B), he wouldn’t break (C) the camera I lent (D) him He wouldn’t have able (A) to pass (B) the test if his English hadn’t been (C) good enough (D) If a drop (A) of oil is placed (B) in a glass of water, it would (C) float on (D) the surface Đáp án A (do => would) C (wouldn’t break => wouldn’t have broken) C (have => had) A (have able => have been able) B (hasn’t => hadn’t) C (would => will) Bài 12: Hoàn chỉnh câu sau, sử dụng điều kiện loại What/ happen/ if/ water pollution/ stop? _ We/ be/ happy/ if/ air pollution/ the world/ be/ a/ better place? _ If/ there/ be/ no more pollution/ the world/ be/ a better place? _ If/I/ be/ you/I/ take/ these bottles/ the bottle bank _ If/ people/ not really care/ the environment/ they/ not try/ save it Tổng hợp: Download.vn 16 _ The river/ not be/ so polluted/ if/ factories/ not dump/ waste/ it _ We/ be/ less worried/ if/ oil spills/ not have/ such destructive effects _ If/ we/ destroy/ the ozone layer/ what/ save/ us/ the UV rays? _ Đáp án: What would happen if water pollution stopped? We would be happy if air pollution was the only problem If there was no more pollution, would the world be a better place? If I were you, I would take these bottles to the bottle bank If people didn’t really care about the environment, they wouldn’t try to save it The river wouldn’t be so polluted if factories didn’t dump waste into it We would be less worried if oil spills didn’t have such destructive effects If we destroyed the ozone layer, what would save us from the UV rays? Bài 13: Tổng hợp: Download.vn 17 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Put the verbs in brackets into their correct forms! I would have read the letter if I (know) it was from you If Tony doesn’t help in the garden I (not finish) my work in time If you (not tell ) me about Maxwell’s birthday I would forget it We (catch) the train earlier if Mary had found her purse If Susan (learn) the poem she would have known the answer If it (be) too hot we will stop and get a cold drink If it (not rain) today I would stay it home If the Professor spoke clearly we (understand) him better If you go on talking like that we 10 If Sasha 11 If it rained , the streets 12 If I Tổng hợp: Download.vn (throw) you out (go) home now he would meet his own brother (be) wet (not tell) Jim the address he wouldn’t have found you 18 13 The bird (die) if you had caught it 14 What (you, do) if you won the lottery ? 15 If the weather (not change) we will reach the top of the mountain 16 Dinner (be) fine if the meat weren’t cold 17 I’m sure Benny (come) if you wait a bit longer 18 If you ring the bell, somebody 19 If Bert (answer) it (see) you, he would have talked to you 20 You (find ) your ticket if you had looked into your pockets 21 You (fall) ill if you eat so much 22 What (happen) if the door had not been opened? 23 If Chris asked you for a cigarette, (you, give) him one? 24 If you (buy) that big car, you would need a lot of money (You, change) the colour of your hair if I asked you to 25 so ? 26 If you give me the letter, I Tổng hợp: Download.vn (post) it for you 19 (You, post) the letter if I had given it to you? 27 28 If the weather is fine, I 29 If you (go) swimming (not work) harder, you won't pass the exam 30 If they (be) rich, they would travel around the world 31 The children (go) skating if the lake were frozen 32 What would you have done, if you 33 What will happen if you 34 She (lose) your handbag? (not know) the answer? (go) on holiday, if she hadn't been ill 35 If I (notice) you, I would have said hello 36 If I (be) like you, I wouldn't watch such films 37 If you opened your eyes, you 38 People 39 If Tom drinks so much,he 40 If we 41 He (see) a wonderful world (live) in peace if they stop fighting (cannot drive) home (not hurry) we would miss the train (not spend) so much money if he weren't a happy person 42 Tổng hợp: Download.vn (You, come ) , if you had had more time ? 20 43 If Jim (study) the new words he would have got a better mark 44 If he were rich, he (buy) the house 45 If you don't hurry you (be) late 45 If it wasn't so hot, we (play) football 46 If I (be) ill, would you visit me? 47 If Sean (not be) driving so fast, the police would not have stopped him 48 If Sean (not be) driving so fast, the police would not have stopped him 49 If I had sold my house, I 50 If I (get) million pounds (be) you I would I would it KEY Put the verbs in brackets into their correct forms ! I would have read the letter if I had known (know) it was from you If Tony doesn’t help in the garden I will not finish (not finish) my work in time If you didn’t tell (not tell ) me about Maxwell’s birthday I would forget it We would have caught (catch) the train earlier if Mary had found her purse Tổng hợp: Download.vn 21 If Susan had learned (learn) the poem she would have known the answer If it isn’t (be) too hot we will stop and get a cold drink If it didn’t rain (not rain) today I would stay it home If the Professor spoke clearly we would understand (understand) him better If you go on talking like that we will throw (throw) you out 10 If Sasha went home (go) home now he would meet his own brother 11 If it rained , the streets would be (be) wet 12 If I had not told (not tell) Jim the address he wouldn’t have found you 13 The bird would have died (die) if you had caught it 14 What would you (you, do) if you won the lottery? 15 If the weather doesn’t change (not change) we will reach the top of the mountain 16 Dinner would be (be) fine if the meat weren’t cold 17 I’m sure Benny will come (come) if you wait a bit longer 18 If you ring the bell, somebody will answer (answer) it 19 If Bert had seen (see) you, he would have talked to you 20 You would have found (find ) your ticket if you had looked into your pockets Tổng hợp: Download.vn 22 21 You will fall (fall) ill if you eat so much 22 What would have happened (happen) if the door had not been opened? 23 If Chris asked you for a cigarette, would you give (you, give) him one? 24 If you bought (buy) that big car, you would need a lot of money 25 Would you change (You, change) the colour of your hair if I asked you to so? 26 If you give me the letter, I will post (post) it for you 27 Would you have posted (You, post) the letter if I had given it to you? 28 If the weather is fine, I will go (go) swimming 29 If you don’t work(not work) harder, you won't pass the exam 30 If they were (be) rich, they would travel around the world 31 The children would go (go) skating if the lake were frozen 32 What would you have done, if you had lost (lose) your handbag? 33 What will happen if you don’t know (not know) the answer? 34 She would have gone (go) on holiday, if she hadn't been ill 35 If I had noticed (notice) you, I would have said hello 36 If I were (be) like you, I wouldn't watch such films 37 If you opened your eyes, you would see (see) a wonderful world Tổng hợp: Download.vn 23 38 People will live(live) in peace if they stop fighting 39 If Tom drinks so much,he won’t be able drive (cannot drive) home 40 If we didn’t hurry (not hurry) we would miss the train 41 He wouldn’t spend (not spend) so much money if he weren't a happy person 42 Would you have come (You, come ) , if you had had more time ? 43 If Jim had studied (study) the new words he would have got a better mark 44 If he were rich, he would buy(buy) the house 45 If you don't hurry you will be (be) late 46 If it wasn't so hot, we would play (play) football 47 If I was/were(be) ill, would you visit me? 48 If Sean had not driven (not be) driving so fast, the police would not have stopped him 49 If I had sold my house, I would have got (get) million pounds 50 If I was/were (be) you I would I would it Tổng hợp: Download.vn 24 ... dụng câu điều kiện loại Câu điều kiện loại Cấu trúc: If + S + V-ed/cột 2, S + would/should + V(nguyên thể) Trong câu điều kiện loại II, mệnh đề “IF” chia QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN động từ mệnh đề ta sử dụng cấu. .. Đây thật hiển nhiên, luôn nên ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để nói Câu điều kiện loại Cấu trúc: If + S + V/V(s/es), S + will + V(nguyên thể) Trong câu điều kiện loại I, mệnh đề “If” ta chia HIỆN... từ “to be” “were” câu điều kiện loại II “to be” chia khứ “were” với tất chủ ngữ Câu điều kiện loại Cấu trúc: If + S + had + VpII, S + would/should + have + vpII Trong câu điều kiện loại III, mệnh