ENGLISH FOR HISTORY tiếng anh chuyên ngành lịch sử

, M.A Teacher’s Book TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC AN GIANG KHOA SƯ PHẠM ENGLISH FOR HISTORY (Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Lịch sử) Nguyễn Thị Tâm, M.A Huỳnh Chí Xuân Huyên Teacher’s Book Long Xuyên-2006 ANSWER KEY CHAPTER ONE: THE OLD AGES UNIT ONE: Ancient Egyptian Farming and Tools Before you read I a Dam b Canal c Hoe d Reservoir e Plow f Dike After you read III True(T)/ False(F) Statements T T F (During flood season, the Fayum became a lake) F (The dams were broken during the flood season so that the river could pour into the canals.) T F (They had very little/didn’t have much time to eat on their working day.) F (Men, women and children all did harvest work.) F (Emmer was widely grown in Egypt.) F (Egyptians were very good at calculating area even if their way of calculating was somewhat cumbersome.) 10 T IV Matching words to their definitions e h c b a i f ESP English for History g j 10 d V Recognizing meaning categories - Irrigation systems: canals, reservoir, dam, water, dikes - Farming tools: plow, hoes, sickles, baskets, rake - Harvesting: rake, store, gathering, reaper, dehusk, pick up Grammar Focus b b/ to + V f b d g c a f e g Answers will vary UNIT TWO: The First Vietnamese After you read IV The Early Pleistocene Age : 600000-12000 BC Ice Age: 12000- 8000 BC The Early Neolithic Period: 8000- 2500 BC The Middle Neolithic Period: 2500- 2000 BC The Later Neolithic Period: 2000- 800 BC V 1c 2f 3b 4d 5a 6e VI T F (Himalayas is a chain of mountains in northern Burma and China.) F (…the temperatures at the equator did not fall below freezing.) F ( It was safe for traders and travelers in small boats to pass the Sunda Shelf because it is a shallow body of water.) T 6T F (The negritos were not skilled in basketry / The people who settled at Bac Son and who were probably taller and lighter skinned than the negritos were skilled…) T F ( the people had a healthy, balanced diet of meat ) ESP English for History 10 T Grammar Focus 1 to from to from into at in from to from 10 on 11 in to 12 to from 13 to from 14 to/towards to/towards 15 at for 16 to to 17 from 18 On 19 to Back in 1513, Ponce de León, an explorer from Spain, came to Florida looking for the fountain of youth, but with no success; and it seems people have been searching for it ever since Every year, during/in the winter, thousands of travelers from the northern states head south for Florida Older people especially are attracted to the “Sunshine State”; in fact, more retired Americans move to Florida than to any other state in the country Of course, the fountain of youth still hasn’t been found, but no one really seems to care Just looking for it in sunny Florida is enough ESP English for History UNIT THREE: THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA Before you read I & The Seven Wonders of the world: Picture 1: The Great Pyramid of Giza Picture 2: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon Fruits and flowers Waterfalls Gardens hanging from the palace terraces Exotic animals This is the picture of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon in most people's minds It may be surprising to know that they might have never existed except in the minds of Greek poets and historians! Technically, the gardens did not hang, but grew on the roofs and terraces of the royal palace in Babylon Nebuchadnezzar II, the Chaldean king, probably built the gardens in about 600 BC as a consolation to his Median wife who missed the natural surroundings of her homeland Location: On the east bank of the River Euphrates, about 50 km south of Baghdad, Iraq Picture 3: The Statue of Zeus This is the statue of the god in whose honor the Ancient Olympic games were held It was located on the land that gave its very name to the Olympics At the time of the games, wars stopped, and athletes came from Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Sicily to celebrate the Olympics and to worship their king of gods: Zeus Location: At the ancient town of Olympia, on the west coast of modern Greece, about 150 km west of Athens The Greek sculptor Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall Statue of Zeus in about 435 BC Phidias made the god’s robe and ornaments from gold and carved the body out of ivory Picture 4: The Temple of Artemis Is it simply a temple? How could it take its place among other unique structures such as the Pyramid, the Hanging Gardens, and the Colossus of Rhodes? For the people who actually visited it, the answer was simple It was not just a temple It was the most beautiful structure on earth It was built in honor of the Greek goddess of hunting, wild nature, and fertility That was the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Location: The ancient city of Ephesus near the modern town of Selcuk, about 50 km south of Izmir (Smyrna) in Turkey Built in Ephesus in Asia Minor in 356 BC, the Greek temple was considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the World It was destroyed by the Goths in AD 262 Picture 5: The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus Similar to the Great Pyramid, we are now visiting the burial place of an ancient king Yet the Mausoleum is different - so different from the Pyramid that it earned ESP English for History its reputation - and a spot within the list - for other reasons Geographically, it is closer to the Temple of Artemis And it was the beauty of the tomb rather than its size that fascinated its visitors for years Built about 353 BC, the mausoleum was a huge marble tomb built for King Mausolus of Caria in Asia Minor Location: In the city of Bodrum (f.k.a Halicarnassus) on the Aegean Sea, in south-west Turkey Picture 6: The Colossus of Rhodes It was built about 280 BC From its building to its destruction lies a time span of merely 56 years Yet the colossus earned a place in the famous list of Wonders "But even lying on the ground, it is a marvel", said Pliny the Elder The Colossus of Rhodes was not only a gigantic statue (standing 30 m (100 ft) high) It was rather a symbol of unity of the people who inhabited that beautiful Mediterranean island Rhodes Location: At the entrance of the harbor of the Mediterranean island of Rhodes in Greece Picture 7: The Pharos (Lighthouse) of Alexandria Of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, only one had a practical use in addition to its architectural elegance: The Lighthouse of Alexandria For sailors, it ensured a safe return to the Great Harbor For architects, it meant even more: it was the tallest building on Earth(over 134 m (440 ft) tall) And for scientists, it was the mysterious mirror that fascinated them most The mirror which reflection could be seen more than 50 km (35 miles) off-shore Location: On the ancient island of Pharos, now a promontory within the city of Alexandria in Egypt The Pyramid of Giza is at the city of Giza, a necropolis of ancient Memphis, and today part of Greater Cairo, Egypt (More information about this pyramid can be found in the reading passage) After you read III Answers to these following questions It is the one and only Wonder which does not require a description by early historians and poets It is the one and only Wonder that does not need speculations concerning its appearance, size, and shape It is the oldest, yet it is the only surviving of the Seven Ancient Wonders To serve as a tomb when the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu of the Fourth Dynasty dies Two theories One theory involves the construction of a straight or spiral ramp that was raised as the construction proceeded This ramp, coated with mud and water, eased the displacement of the blocks which were pushed (or pulled) into place The second theory suggests that the blocks were placed using long levers with a short angled foot The Sun Boat is a boat which is believed to have been used to carry the body of Khufu in his last journey on earth before being buried inside the pyramid It may also serve him as a means of transportation in his afterlife ESP English for History journey according to Ancient Egyptian beliefs The Sun Boat is in a museum in the touristic region of the Giza Plateau The description of the Great Pyramid is very clear in the passage IV 7: the number of the ancient Wonders of the world 20: the number of years the great pyramid is believed to have been built over 1798: the year when Napoleon invaded Egypt 1954: the year when the Sun Boat was discovered 145.75: height of the great pyramid when it was built, measured in meters 30: the number of feet the great pyramid lost off its top over the years 43: the number of centuries for which the great pyramid ranked as the tallest structure on Earth 2,000,000: the blocks of stone the great pyramid consists of V Complete these sentences using the word on the right in the correct form illustrative stacked accessible proposed mystery GRAMMAR PRACTICE central heating : adj+ present participle highly respected : adv+ past participle three-man rule: adj+ noun UNIT FOUR: DONG SON BRONZE DRUMS Before you read I b c a d c c a b d 10 c After you read III True/ False/ No Information F NI ESP English for History F T T T F T NI 10 F IV Fact/ Opinion F O F O O F F O F 10 F V Words in Context religious survival scholar cultures totem ceremonies drum traditionally cast 10 cultivation VI Translate the following passage into English: THE HISTORY OF VIET NAM We learn history to know the works of the past n writing was not yet invented, our ancestors only told to descendants the works in their life and the events in the country Those stories were told from mouth to mouth and from generation ESP English for History to generation The stories were more or less forgotten and changed into legends Legends are not all true but useful So we like to tell them We know history because there are ancient books left In many collections of books such as the national history, our ancestors wrote down the important events in Vietnam and our great men and heroes, too Our ancestors also left records in pagodas and temple, tombs and steles as well Grammar practice PARALLELISM Some sentences with the parallel structures in the reading text Others are about the cultural and mental activities of the Vietnamese ancient people The cultural and historical value beginning 2500 years ago is recognized by the metal refining technology, decoration and the sound The cooper drums are put not only in local museums but also in the world museums such as in Paris, London, Thailand, Indonesia The echoic sound in the fight of building and protecting the country is the sound of our victory against the enemies and is the pride of Vietnamese people Some parallel structures in the further reading are as followed …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… The daily activities of the ancient people were hunting, plucking and collecting The hunting was for men They even hunted the wild big animals such as elephants, bears, tigers, etc To go hunting such those big animals such those big animals, they had to gather into groups for their rudimentary pointed weapons made of wood and stone Therefore, it was too difficult for them and the animals they hunted were not enough to earn their living The Stone Age lasted a very long time over most of the countries in the world, and so did it in Vietnam Then they changed from hunting, plucking and collecting into cultivating and rearing before producing the pottery, discovering metal and refining metal CHAPTER TWO: THE MIDDLE AGES UNIT FIVE: MEDIEVAL TECHNOLOGY Before you read Word Prediction: - Passage PAPER: paper, use, widespread, production, process - Passage MAGNETS: compose, walls, magnets, tightly, property - Passage COMPASS: direction, navigational, needles, device, transmit After you read ESP English for History UNIT TWELVE: Struggle for National Liberation Before you read I Getting the meaning of words in context 1.c e m g o k a i n 10 h 11 f 12 j 13 l 14 b 15 d After you read II Choose the best answer 1b c d b a IV Recognizing events in time order g h 11 f 12 d e a j c l b V Complete sentences give in temporarily protectorate refugees suppress colonization inflation restoration intellectual 10 prolonged Grammar Focus A restrictive nonrestrictive restrictive nonrestrictive nonrestrictive B no change We enjoy Mexico City, where we spent our vacation ESP English for History 24 i 10 k An elephant, which is the earth’s largest land mammal, has few natural enemies other than human beings no change no change One of the most useful materials in the world is glass, which is made chiefly from sand, soda, and lime no change no change C Only people who/ that speak Russian should apply for the job Mathew ,who speaks Russian, applied for the job The rice which/ that we had for dinner last night was very good Rice, which is grown in many countries, is a staple food throughout much of the world The newspaper article was about a man who/ that died two years ago of a rare tropical disease Paul, who died two years ago, was a kind and loving man I live in a town which/ that is situated in a valley 10 The Mississippi River, which flows south from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico, is the major commercial river in the United States 11 A river which/ that is polluted is not safe for swimming ESP English for History 25 SUGGESTED ANSWERS FOR LISTENING AND SPEAKING SECTION LISTENING AND SPEAKING # HISTORY OF THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA A Answers will be various B True - False Statements / Correction of the false statements FALSE The Great Wall of China began to be built in the 7th and th century B.C TRUE TRUE FALSE In the Qin Dynasty, the full length of the Great Wall was 5,000 kilometers FALSE At that time, the Great Wall stretched from east to west FALSE The Great Wall was about 6,700 kilometers long under the Ming dynasty C GAP - FILL swords different watchtowers various safety provided shape width system 10 witness D GROUP WORK: Suggested material HISTORY OF THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA No one can tell precisely when the building of the Great Wall was started but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou Dynasty Late in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), the ducal states extended the defence work and built "great" structures to prevent the attacks from other states It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls, constructed by the states of Qin, Yan and Zhao kingdoms, were connected to form a defensive system on the northern border of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (also called Qin Shi Huangdi by westerners or the First Emperor) After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC, he ordered the construction of the wall It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Linzhao (in the eastern part of today's Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (in today's Jilin Province) in the east The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the emperor ESP English for History 26 From the Qin Dynasty onwards, Xiongnu, an ancient tribe that lived in North China, frequently harassed the northern border of the country During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu (Han Wu Di), sent three expeditions to fight against the Xiongnu in 127 BC, 121 BC and 119 BC The Xiongnu were driven into the far north of the Gobi To maintain the safety of the Hexi Corridor (today's Gansu Province), the emperor ordered the extension of the Great Wall westward into the Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang region The ruins of the beacon towers and debris of the Han Wall are still discernible in Dunhuang, Yumen and Yangguan A recent report shows that ruins of the Han Wall have been discovered near Lopnur in China's Xinjiang region Further construction and extensions were made in the successive Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Sui dynasties LISTENING AND SPEAKING # THE CASTING OF THE BRONZE DRUMS OF DONG SON B THE CORRECT ORDER a This pattern old had to be filled with molten wax b A hollow clay core had to be produced to minimize weight and ease its manipulation c The sheets of cooled wax had to be transferred to the clay core d The panels of geometric ornament had to be created e A wax drum over a clay core was effectively produced f Separate clay pattern moulds had to be carefully prepared C ANSWERS GIVEN What did the casting of the bronze drums of Dong Son require? High order of techniques and artistic skills What shape did the sections of the mantle have? Rectangular Was the surface of the clay ornamented in only one way? No, it was not What did the wax need to duplicate? The chosen decor How many kilos of molten bronze were used to reproduce in metal the wax image of the drum when the examples were large? Nearly 100 kilos D Chain Game is probably suitable for this activity ESP English for History 27 LISTENING AND SPEAKING # THE FRENCH REVOLUTION A Answers will be various B GAP-FILL ANSWERS: French Revolution, which is a (1) major transformation of the society and political system of France, lasted from 1789 to 1799 During the course of the Revolution, France was temporarily (2) transformed from an absolute monarchy, where the king monopolized (3) power, to a republic of theoretically free and (4) equal citizens The effects of the French Revolution were (5) widespread, both inside and outside of France, and the Revolution ranks as one of the most important events in the (6) history of Europe During the ten years of the Revolution, France first transformed and then dismantled the Old Regime, the political and social (7) system that existed in France before 1789, and replaced it with a (8) series of different governments Although none of these governments (9) lasted more than four years, the many initiatives they enacted (10) permanently altered France’s political system These initiatives included the drafting of several bills of (11) rights and constitutions, the establishment of legal equality among all (12) citizens, experiments with representative (13) democracy, the incorporation of the church into the state, and the (14) reconstruction of state administration and the law code Many of these (15) changes were adopted elsewhere in Europe as well Change was a matter of choice in some places, but in others it was imposed by the French (16) army during the French Revolutionary (17) Wars (17921797) and the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) To later generations of (18) Europeans and non-Europeans who sought to overturn their political and social systems, the French Revolution (19) provided the most influential model of popular insurrection until the (20) Russian Revolution of 1917 C COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS: The French Revolution lasted 10 years It followed an absolute monarchy The French Revolution considered as one of the most events in the history of Europe because it influenced not only France but also every country in Europe It came to an end in 1789 when the French Revolution was successful in France Many initiatives that a series of different governments enacted did alter the political and social system there The initiatives of the French Revolution included the drafting of several bills of rights and constitutions, the establishment of legal equality among all citizens, experiments with representative democracy, the incorporation of the church into the state, and the reconstruction of state administration and the law code ESP English for History 28 Many countries in Europe were greatly affected by these changes because these changes were adopted every where in Europe The French Revolution didn’t lose its strength until the Russian Revolution broke out in1917 LISTENING AND SPEAKING # THE DAI VIET A MATCHING - Ly Dynasty: 11, 12th century - Tran Dynasty: 13, 14th century - Le Dynasty: 15, 16, 17th century B True or False F Correction: The Dai Viet was an independent country in the10th century AD T F Correction: The Dai Viet was a powerful country with its own centralized administration, strong army and highly developed economy and culture under all the three Dynasties Ly, Tran and Le F Correction: From the eleventh to the fifteenth century AD, many Chinese and Mongolian feudal empires invaded the Dai Viet T T C SENTENCE COMPLETION The country was under the ruling of many national feudal dynasties During this period, Vietnam as a nation had ceaselessly fought against the vicious conquering conspiracies of Chinese and Mongolian feudal empires Vietnam's long and tough struggles of resistance against the invasions of the Song (11th century), the Yuan or the Mongols (13th century), the Ming (15th century) had acquired glorious victories Vietnam became stronger and all its ethnic groups became more united D Role play ESP English for History 29 LISTENING AND SPEAKING # B TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS F Correction: It involved many of the countries of Europe as well the United States and other nations throughout the world F Correction: There were 65 million men mobilized in the war T T F Correction: The political order of Europe did transform beyond recognition when the war ended in November 1918 F Correction: The financial losses together with the battlefield deaths and physical destructions severely weakened the European powers C Comprehension Questions 1.a 2.b 3.d 4.d d b b c d 10.d LISTENING AND SPEAKING # NGUYEN AI QUOC IN PARIS B PREDICTION rice √, hotel, old newspapers, brick, conferences, audience, oppressed peoples, oppressed countries, colonialist oppression, the working-class quarter, half a day C MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.D D GAP-FILL working-class warmed earning some money more particularly present politics and literature ANSWER KEY FOR EXTENSIONS CHAPTER I I GAP-FILL Hùng Vương was the first emperor of Văn Lang or Lạc Việt (as Vietnam was known at the time) Legend tells of the dragon lord, Lạc Long Quân and the mountain fairy Âu Cơ who had 100 sons, of whom (1) Hùng Vương was the ESP English for History 30 eldest The parents belonged to different environments, so they had to split up and take half of the sons (2) to each homeland Hùng Vương went to live (3) by the coast near the sea, the domain of dragons According to legend (4), he came to power in 2880 BC, ruling an area covering what is now Vietnam and part of China He founded the Hồng Bàng Dynasty, which ruled Vietnam until 258 BC His dynasty (5) existed in Vietnamese prehistory, but much of the lore from this time is now lost to the ages His sons were always named (6) after him and many stories include either him or another of his offspring Stories tell of the heroics of eighteen different (7) Hùng Vươngs but fail to account for the numerous unknown rulers of Vietnam during their two millennia of sovereignty The Hồng Bàng Dynasty was overthrown by An Dương Vương from the upland kingdom (8) of Thục, but his regime fell to the Chinese, thus beginning millennia of Chinese domination It is likely that the name Hùng Vương is a combination of the two Vietnamese words Hùng, which means "brave" and Vương, which means "king"(9) The name Hùng Vương might have been a title bestowed on a chieftain The Hùng Vương would have been the head chieftain of Văn Lang which at the time was composed of feudal communities of rice (10) farmers II GRAMMAR The Vietnamese first appeared in history as one (0) of many scattered peoples living in what is now South China and Northern Viet Nam just before the beginning of the Christian era According (11) to local tradition, the small Vietnamese kingdom of Au Lac, located (12) in the heart of the Red River valley, was founded (13) by a line of legendary kings who had ruled over the ancient kingdom of Van Lang (14) for thousands of years Historical evidence to substantiate this tradition is scanty, but archaeological findings indicate that the early peoples (15) of the Red River delta area may have been (16) among the first East Asians to practice agriculture, and (17) by the 1st century BC they had achieved a relatively advanced level of Bronze Age civilization III READING COMPLETION The ancient peoples of the Sahara imported domesticated animals from Asia between 7500 and 4000 BC Foreign artifacts dating to the 5th millennium BC in the Badarian culture of Egypt indicate (18) contact with distant Syria In predynastic Egypt, by the 4th millennium BC shipping was well established, and (19) the donkey and possibly the dromedary had been domesticated Domestication of the Bactrian camel and (20) use of the horse for transport then followed Also by the beginning of the 4th millennium BC, ancient Egyptians in Maadi were importing pottery as well as construction ideas from Canaan ESP English for History 31 By the second half of the 4th millennium BC, the gemstone Lapis lazuli was being traded from its only known source in the ancient world - Badakshan, (21) in what is now northeastern Afghanistan - as far as Mesopotamia and Egypt By the third millennium BC the lapis lazuli trade was extended to Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the Indus valley, (22) the present day Pakistan Routes along the Persian Royal Road (constructed in the 5th century BC) may have been in use as early as 3500 BC Charcoal samples found in the tombs of Nekhen, which were dated to the Naqada I and II periods, (23) have been identified as cedar from Lebanon In 1994 excavators discovered an incised ceramic shard with the serekh sign of Narmer, (24) dating to circa 3000 BC Mineralogical studies reveal the shard to be a fragment of a wine jar exported from the Nile valley to Israel The ancient harbor constructed in Lothal, India, (25) may be the oldest seafaring harbor known CHAPTER II I & II: 1.c 2.a a 4.c 5.c 6.d b 8.a 9.b 10.a 11.b 12.a 13.b 14.d 15.c III USE OF VOCABULARY THE SILK ROAD 16 products 17 mainly 18 western 19 famous 20 cultural 21 symbolize 22 historian 23 nationalities 24 transportation 25 economic CHAPTER III I USE OF VOCABUALRY intrusion symbolized safety discovered construction main length visitor efficiency 10 poverty ESP English for History 32 II READING COMPREHESION True-False statements 1.T T F F F III GRAMMAR Identification of some Adjective Clauses or Reduced Adjective Clauses in the text ….giving birth to the young republic, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, … now known as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 3.… including Communist Party of Vietnam ….who was later known as President Ho Chi Minh 5.… contributing to peace in the region ….elected by the people ….having constitutional and legislative rights ….relating to domestic and foreign relations, IV READING CLOZE TEST B history A include C previous A between D weapons A In the main A advances A attained C peace 10 A war ESP English for History 33 and the world over ...TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC AN GIANG KHOA SƯ PHẠM ENGLISH FOR HISTORY (Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Lịch sử) Nguyễn Thị Tâm, M.A Huỳnh Chí Xuân Huyên Teacher’s Book Long Xuyên-2006... which/ that is polluted is not safe for swimming ESP English for History 25 SUGGESTED ANSWERS FOR LISTENING AND SPEAKING SECTION LISTENING AND SPEAKING # HISTORY OF THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA A... adj+ noun UNIT FOUR: DONG SON BRONZE DRUMS Before you read I b c a d c c a b d 10 c After you read III True/ False/ No Information F NI ESP English for History F T T T F T NI 10 F IV Fact/ Opinion