Male names in english and vietnamese

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A Thesis MALE NAMES IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE (TÊN NAM GIỚI TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT) MA THI NAM Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 Ha Noi, 2020 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A Thesis MALE NAMES IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE (TÊN NAM GIỚI TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT) MA THI NAM Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 Supervisor: Dr Le Thi Minh Thao Ha Noi, 2020 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled “Male names in English and Vietnamese” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Linguistics Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2020 Ma Thi Nam Approved by SUPERVISOR Dr Le Thi Minh Thao Date: …………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the following people for their great supports during my two-year time for the MA course First and foremost, I would like to say a big thank you to my supervisor, Dr Le Thi Minh Thao, who step-by-step instructions, insightful comments, enormous and continuous encouragement helped me a lot throughout the whole process of carrying out this investigation I am really more thankful than I can express My special thanks go to all my lecturers in Faculty of Post Graduate, Hanoi Open University for their precious assistance, knowledge and inspiration to fulfill this minor thesis Furthermore, I would also like to thank my colleagues and friends for idea sharing and encouragement It would never have been possible for me to have this thesis accomplished without all of these valuable supports Last but not least, I am greatly indebted my family for the sacrifice They have devised to the fulfillment of this academic work ii ABSTRACT Personal names form one of the most important sections in the system of proper names that are traditionally studied within the field of onomastics Personal names contain history, tradition, culture as well as all characteristic features of each ethnic community This thesis is a study on male names in English and Vietnamese The data are 4,000 male names in English and Vietnamese from the list of students of Hanoi Open University and English male names from a page on English name First of all, to establish a theoretical background, we dwell on onomastic problems with the focus on the structure and way of naming for male and cultural issues in the study of male names Next, the thesis approaches Vietnamese and English structure of personal names by reviewing their historical and linguistic characteristics and then classifying them into relevant groups and subgroups The main purpose of these taxonomies is to bring out the topological characteristics of Vietnamese and English male names as well as the naming trends and forces that have formed the two cultures over the past centuries Finally, we present some similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese male names covering all the aspects on the basis of which we institutionalize the theoretical reconciliation of Vietnamese and English male naming systems, and establish that a reconciliation of the two naming systems is possible within a single overarching framework for their theoretical discussion iii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: The 10 most common first names of Britons alive today.…………… 18 Table 3.2: List of 10 surnames which have the highest frequency.……………… 22 Table 3.3: The rate of using middle name for male……………………………… 23 Table 3.4: The most common monosyllabic Vietnamese first names for males.….26 Table 3.5: List of names after the Saints who assist and preserve countries and cities ……………………………………………………………………………….29 Table 3.6: List of names after the Saints who bless the profession……………… 29 Table 3.7: List of names that stand for the profession …………………………….30 Table 3.8: List of names from Robin Hood legend ……………………………… 31 Table 3.9: List of names after the good characters and precious qualities……… 31 Table 3.10: List of names after the natural phenomenon………………………… 32 Table 3.11: List of names after the names of trees……………………………… 32 Table 3.12: List of names after lovely and strong animals……………………… 33 Table 3.13: List of names after the names of colors……………………………….33 Table 3.14: List of names after the names of valuable stones, things, objects…….34 Table 3.15: List of names after the names of titles……………………………… 34 Table 3.16: List of names after the geographical names………………………… 35 Table 3.17: List of names after the ordinal number……………………………… 35 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page number Certificate of originality i Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii List of tables iv Table of contents v Chapter I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Methods of the study 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Significance of the study 1.7 Structure of the study Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Review of previous studies 2.2 Review of theoretical background 2.2.1 Definition of proper noun 2.2.2 Classification of proper noun 2.2.3 Personal names 2.2.4 Role of personal names 10 v 2.2.5 Semantic features of personal names 11 2.3 Summary 11 Chapter III: COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE MALE NAMES IN TERMS OF 12 THEIR STRUCTURES AND WAYS OF NAMING 3.1 The structure of English and Vietnamese male name 12 3.1.1 In English 12 3.1.1.1 English surnames 12 3.1.1.2 English middle 15 3.1.1.3 English first names 16 3.1.2 In Vietnamese 20 3.1.2.1 Vietnamese surnames 20 3.1.2.2 Vietnamese middle names 22 3.1.2.3 Vietnamese first names 24 3.1.3 Comparison of the structure of English and Vietnamese male name 27 3.2 Ways of naming for male in English and Vietnamese 28 3.2.1 In English 28 3.2.2 In Vietnamese 35 3.2.3 Comparison of ways of naming in English and Vietnamese 37 3.2.3.1 Similarities 37 3.2.3.2 Differences 38 vi 3.2.3.3 Comments 40 3.2.4 The influence of culture on English personal names 41 3.2.4.1 The principle of naming 41 3.2.4.2 Tradition and customs relating to personal names 41 3.2.5 The influence of culture on Vietnamese personal names 42 3.2.5.1 The principle of naming 42 3.2.5.2 The features of Vietnamese personal name 43 3.3 Summary 44 Chapter IV: CONCLUSION 46 4.1 Recapitulation 46 4.2 Concluding remarks 47 4.3 Limitations of the study 50 4.4 Suggestions for further study 50 REFERENCES APPENDICES vii Chapter I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the study In each community, each language is different, personal names are not merely symbols used to identify but also contain historical, social and cultural character of those ethnic communities Vietnamese and English male names are the same, both with language characteristics and a reflection of socio-cultural characteristics Therefore, through the study of male names, we can find out the linguistic and socio-cultural characteristics expressed by male names in each country Names in general and male names in particular occupy a very important role in the proper name system In each language, male names have their own characteristics In terms of quantity, men are the half of the human population It also means that the number of male names is half of the number of names in the world With such a huge number, this is a very rich source of linguistic resources to learn and analyze Moreover, the study of male names contributes to enriching the research content in social linguistics about gender as well as in language and culture -society in general According to the sources that we have access to, there is still a lack of comparative research on English and Vietnamese names in general and especially male names in particular From the above reasons, in order to help English and Vietnamese people, especially learners and researchers of these two languages understand the linguistic, cultural characteristics contained in male names, the topic of "Male names in English and Vietnamese" was chosen for the thesis 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 1.2.1 Aims The study is intended to point out the characteristic of structure and way of naming for male in English and Vietnamese and the similarities and differences between them and culture characteristic are reflected As a result, the thesis could become a Chapter IV: CONCLUSION 4.1 Recapitulation Through the three chapters, we have tried to give an overview of features of English and Vietnamese personal names and the ways of naming in these two countries It has been emphasized that English and Vietnamese belong to the dissimilar families of languages, and they have their own writing system with a long history of development It can be said that personal name is one of the typical aspects of culture and society in every country It plays an important role in formal and informal communication Language is an interesting and complex field, of which proper name is only a small branch In carrying out the study, we have experienced the following steps: Firstly, the thesis gives the summaries of previous researches associated with the theme of the investigation and the theoretical overview of proper noun and personal name was introduced so that the learners could get a general knowledge of the anthroponomy, definition, role, semantic features and principles of capitalization of personal names Secondly, the structure of personal names, the definition and the origins of the first names, middle names and first names of English and Vietnamese were presented in a clear way with many examples together with the functions, classification and origins of names Thirdly, the ways of naming and the comparative analysis of English and Vietnamese names have been clearly presented Through the analysis, readers can understand the basic similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese names Especially, the researchers focus on studying the first names, the cultural and social influences on English and Vietnamese personal names Due to the effect of Catholic religion, the majority of English personal names are derived from the Saints’ names They name their children after the Saint names to express their respect to the Saint, God …On the contrary, Vietnamese people always avoid naming their children after the names of their ancestors, Saints, Gods because they are regarded as “taboo” (phạm húy) The majority of Vietnamese names are originated from the Sino-Vietnamese words because the Vietnamese were ruled for one thousand years by the Chinese 46 The review of naming practices has hopefully made it clear why personal names are so important They give us information about who we are, how we are perceived, and even how we perceive ourselves When we meet someone new, the first thing we tell that person about ourselves is our names Similarly, the first thing we learn about that person is his name So much about us changes as we grow older, but most people keep our names If we change them, it usually marks a very significant event in our lives: for instance, a woman adopting the surname of her husband on marriage When we choose a name for our child, it is usually a very careful and deliberate action Socially, names can tell us a lot about gender, religion, class, nationality and ethnic origin Looking at the origin of names and the changing choice of names can reveal much about a community or nation The study of structural features and origin of personal names not only brings about achievements for anthroponomy and linguistics but also helps to improve knowledge of English and Vietnamese history, culture, society and tradition We hope that this study will be useful for learners, as they will know more about the culture and the custom of naming and the way of using names in communicating Because of time limit, this paper cannot avoid mistakes and limitation Therefore, we welcome any further comments and criticism that can help to perfect this study 4.2 Concluding remarks The thesis has applied the general theoretical achievements of given names and human names to the investigation of the system of specific names that are English and Vietnamese male names to find out the similarities and differences in structure, semantic and socio-cultural characteristics are reflected The thesis draws some conclusions as follows: Male names are in the personal name class, which is a type of unit in the system of identifiers for each language The male name has meaning, which is not the meaning of the real word but the connotation The name of the person does not assign the bearer any attributes of the lexical meaning, but through synonyms suggest an association The term to denote English and Vietnamese male names used uniformly in the thesis is group identifiers This identifier combination is made up of identifiers: 47 first name, middle name, and surname Although the constituents of the English and Vietnamese male identifiers are the same, the model is reconfigured different In terms of the structure of a given name combination, each component is divided into two categories, namely single name and complex name In which, most of the components of British male names are complex names and Vietnamese names are single names The thesis has built a British male name model consisting of the three components above and in the following order: [personal name - middle name - surname] Tissue the image of Vietnamese male names is in reverse order: [surname - middle name - personal name] Through the survey and analysis of linguistic data, the thesis gave the British male name model and the Vietnamese male name model Survey data shows that the model has complex personal name, middle name zero and surname complex and is most common in British male names while in Vietnamese male names, the model has first and middle names and single personal names are the most popular (models with single personal names account for 95.28%, models with single personal names account for 69.5%) The origin of the difference in the structure of English and Vietnamese male names is that English and Vietnamese have different structural characteristics because English (inflection language) and Vietnamese (independent language: isolation) of two different types of language (typology) English was influenced by many European languages such as German, French, and Greek while Vietnamese was influenced by Chinese There is this difference in male names in both countries due to the influence of history and society The point of view of the thesis is that both English and Vietnamese male names have meaning Through the survey, the thesis shows that the components in English and Vietnamese male names are related to the following meaning classes: + Personal name: The meaning classes of English and Vietnamese men individual names are quite similar The range of meanings of English and Vietnamese male individual names is very wide, related to natural phenomena, socio-cultural and especially human However, in individual names British men have different characteristics with Vietnamese male personal names, typically the class names that have meanings related to the names of saints or names related to the Bible such as St Patrick, Bridget, Columba are saints who bless the land of 48 Ireland This class of names in Vietnam is not used as a legitimate name, but only used in the religious community + Middle name: middle name in British male individual names is a repetitive form of existing personal names or surnames and expresses spiritual meaning Most of the middle names are related to the names of people who are loved and valued in the family, showing respect and family spirit Compared with the British male middle name, the Vietnamese male middle name is diversified, has a distinctive male value and has a higher aesthetic value + First name: In England and Vietnam, basically, male surname is collective Based on the lexical characteristics, semantics and origin of the surname, it can be seen that the connotation of the English surname often denotes family relationships, lineage (surnames follow the father's personal name); habitat characteristics (full name according to land name, or residential features); occupation (full name according to occupation, position name) Unlike British surname, Vietnamese surname is in relatively limited number Although there are no highly accurate statistics, most researchers have statistic that the number of Vietnamese surname does not exceed 500 In terms of origin, the Vietnamese surname has not been clearly identified, so it is difficult to find out the meaning of the Vietnamese name Because there is no basis to learn the meaning of their name Vietnamese people, so we also agree with previous researchers point of view that Vietnamese surname does not mean anything The differences in socio-cultural reflected in the names of English and Vietnamese male are analyzed by the dissertation in three aspects: the issue of narcissism; naming and renaming problems; gender issues and gender discrimination The problem of taboo in British names is almost non-existent, while in Vietnamese names it is a prominent feature While the Vietnamese abstain from naming the same as the holy name, god, superiors, the British mainly named after the holy name and the names of relatives, parents to pay respect The problem of naming and renaming in the UK is very simple, while in Vietnam it is very complicated, limited by state regulations This difference is also 49 reflected in the viewpoint about names of people in each country He considered people's names as labels attached to each individual to distinguish one person from another Vietnam again values the name, as an asset associated with them for life English and Vietnamese names both show gender issues and gender discrimination However, each country has its own characteristics Gender traits in British male names are in personal names while in Vietnamese male names this feature is in the middle name or the middle name combination associated with the individual name Gender stigma is most evident in the change of names of men after marriage, but there are differences in the UK and Vietnam 4.3 Limitations of the study When doing this study, we met difficulties in collecting and analyzing the database of the list of Hanoi Open University because the database is too large Because of the limitation of time, we only analyzed the linguistic and cultural features of the names It is too complex for us to analyze the social features in terms of their age and their hometown 4.4 Suggestions for further study Male names have been studied from cultural angle in this paper For further study, we strongly recommend other approaches to personal names such as sociolinguistics, syntax, semantics, or a combination of these approaches 50 REFERENCES A English Alford, R.D (1998), Naming and identity: A cross-cultural Study of 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http://www.ab.gov.tr/files/ardb/evt/1_avrupa_birligi/1_6_raporlar/1_4_eur obarometers/Eurobarometer_N41._PUBLIC_OPINION_IN_THE_EUROP EAN_UNION_July_1994.pdf http://www.AboutEqualOpertunities.co.uk https://www.behindthename.com/info/names APPENDICES The table below presents the most popular English baby names taken from the most recent Government statistics collected from the website www.behindethename.com The most popular English baby names English baby boy names Aaron Dominic Joseph Nathan Adam Dylan Josh Nicholas Aidan Alex Edward Elliot Joshua Jude Noah Oliver Alexander Alfie Ellis Ethan Kai Kian Oscar Owen Andrew Anthony Archie Bailey Ewan Finlay Finley George Kieran Kyle Leo Leon Patrick Peter Reece Rhys Ben Benjamin Billy Bradley Brandon Callum Cameron Charles Harrison Harry Harvey Henry Isaac Jacob Jake James Lewis Liam Logan Louis Luca Lucas Luke Mason Robert Ryan Sam Samuel Scott Sean Sebastian Spencer Charlie Christopher Connor Corey Daniel David Declan Jamie Jay Joe Joel John Jonathan Jordan Matthew Max Michael Mohammad Mohammed Morgan Muhammad Taylor Thomas Toby Tom Tyler William (www.behindethename.com) The table below presents top 100 common surnames in England TOP 100 COMMON ENGLISH SURNAME Smith 26 Wood 51 Mitchell 76 Webb Jones 27 Turner 52 Kelly 77 Rogers Williams 28 Martin 53 Cook 78 Gray Taylor 29 Cooper 54 Carter 79 Mason Brown 30 Hill 55 Richardson 80 Ali Davies 31 Ward 56 Bailey 81 Hunt Evans 32 Morris 57 Collins 82 Hussain Wilson 33 Moore 58 Bell 83 Campbell Thomas 34 Clark 59 Shaw 84 Matthews 10 Johnson 35 Lee 60 Murphy 85 Owen 11 Roberts 36 King 61 Miller 86 Palmer 12 Robinson 37 Baker 62 Cox 87 Holmes 13 Thompson 38 Harrison 63 Richards 88 Mills 14 Wright 39 Morgan 64 Khan 89 Barnes 15 Walker 40 Allen 65 Marshall 90 Knight 16 White 41 James 66 Anderson 91 Lloyd 17 Edwards 42 Scott 67 Simpson 92 Butler 18 Hughes 43 Phillips 68 Ellis 93 Russell 19 Green 44 Watson 69 Adams 94 Barker 20 Hall 45 Davis 70 Singh 95 Fisher 21 Lewis 46 Parker 71 Begum 96 Stevens 22 Harris 47 Price 72 Wilkinson 97 Jenkins 23 Clarke 48 Bennett 73 Foster 98 Murray 24 Patel 49 Young 74 Chapman 99 Dixon 25 Jackson 50 Griffiths 75 Powell 100 Harvey (Source: ONS - Top 500 Surnames Registered 1991 - May 2000) The table below presents top 100 common first names in England Rank Boy names Rank Boy names Jacob 51 Jeremiah Mason 52 Angel William 53 Cameron Jayden 54 Connor Noah 55 Hunter Michael 56 Adrian Ethan 57 Henry Alexander 58 Eli Aiden 59 Justin 10 Daniel 60 Austin 11 Anthony 61 Robert 12 Matthew 62 Charles 13 Elijah 63 Thomas 14 Joshua 64 Zachary 15 Liam 65 Jose 16 Andrew 66 Levi 17 James 67 Kevin 18 David 68 Sebastian 19 Benjamin 69 Chase 20 Logan 70 Ayden 21 Christopher 71 Jason 22 Joseph 72 Ian 23 Jackson 73 Blake 24 Gabriel 74 Colton 25 Ryan 75 Bentley 26 Samuel 76 Dominic 27 John 77 Xavier 28 Nathan 78 Oliver 29 Lucas 79 Parker 30 Christian 80 Josiah 31 Jonathan 81 Adam 32 Caleb 82 Cooper 33 Dylan 83 Brody 34 Landon 84 Nathaniel 35 Isaac 85 Carson 36 Gavin 86 Jaxon 37 Brayden 87 Tristan 38 Tyler 88 Luis 39 Luke 89 Juan 40 Evan 90 Hayden 41 Carter 91 Carlos 42 Nicholas 92 Jesus 43 Isaiah 93 Nolan 44 Owen 94 Cole 45 Jack 95 Alex 46 Jordan 96 Max 47 Brandon 97 Grayson 48 Wyatt 98 Bryson 49 Julian 99 Diego 50 Aaron 100 Jaden List of most popular names for babies in America along with the meaning and origins of first names List of 25 most popular names for boys Rank Names Meaning Origin Jacob Held by the heel Hebrew Michael He who is like God Hebrew Joshua The Lord is Salvation Hebrew Matthew Gift of God Hebrew Ethan Strong Hebrew Andrew Manly Latin Daniel God is my judge Hebrew Anthony Priceless Latin Christopher Bearer of Christ Greek 10 Joseph God adds Hebrew 11 William Resolute guardian German 12 Alexander Defender of mankind Greek 13 Ryan King Celtic 14 David Beloved Hebrew 15 Nicholas Victory of the people Greek 16 Tyler Maker of tiles English 17 James Supplanter Hebrew 18 John God gave Hebrew 19 Jonathan Jehovah has given Hebrew 20 Nathan Gift from God Hebrew 21 Samuel Asked of God Hebrew 22 Christian Follower of Christ English 23 Noah That which quavers Hebrew 24 Dylan The sea Welsh 25 Benjamin Son of the right hand Hebrew (Source: www.behindethename.com) These lists below are the list of most popular names in Vietnamese In order to have this result we had collected at random (among 4,000 customers) the database of customers of Vietnamese Portal Telecommunication in 2020 List of top 50 names out of 4,000 names of Vietnamese male names Top 50 Male names, from 4.000 names Rank Name Frequency % Rank Name Frequency % Hùng 523 4.69 26 Bảo 85 0.76 Sơn 413 3.70 27 Tâm 81 0.73 Dũng 365 3.27 28 Vinh 77 0.69 Hải 255 2.28 29 Quân 75 0.67 Long 224 2.01 30 Đạt 74 0.66 Hà 220 1.97 31 Lợi 74 0.66 Bình 216 1.94 32 Tùng 73 0.65 Nam 203 1.82 33 An 70 0.63 Minh 185 1.66 34 Trung 69 0.62 10 Tuấn 179 1.60 35 Hiền 66 0.59 11 Anh 178 1.59 36 Thu 65 0.58 12 Cường 176 1.58 37 Tân 62 0.56 13 Thắng 161 1.44 38 Ngọc 61 0.55 14 Tiến 156 1.40 39 Chiến 59 0.53 15 Tuẫn 150 1.34 40 Thịnh 57 0.51 16 Đức 149 1.33 41 Việt 57 0.51 17 Quang 145 1.30 42 Khánh 55 0.49 18 Thành 134 1.20 43 Hồng 54 0.48 19 Hòa 121 1.08 44 Phúc 53 0.47 20 Hương 118 1.06 45 Mạnh 52 0.47 21 Huy 92 0.82 46 Hoàng 50 0.45 22 Hải 90 0.81 47 Thọ 50 0.45 23 Vân 90 0.81 48 Tú 50 0.45 24 Thanh 89 0.80 49 Phong 49 0.44 25 Toàn 89 0.80 50 Lộc 48 0.43 ... English and Vietnamese male name 27 3.2 Ways of naming for male in English and Vietnamese 28 3.2.1 In English 28 3.2.2 In Vietnamese 35 3.2.3 Comparison of ways of naming in English and Vietnamese. .. way of naming in English and Vietnamese are presented in a clear and systematic way with examples 3.1 The structure of English and Vietnamese male name Male names in English and Vietnamese as... comprehensive understanding about English and Vietnamese male names, especially the similarities and differences concerning the structure and the way of naming of male name in English and in Vietnamese 1.6