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`/a15 5 !5 ! %0 15 5 ?!), (. !, ' \&! , ?#% !% !5 ,-% % ' 5 ?!), (. !1% 2' , , ?bU04% &' ' <%( -\ -' ! 2!-0 N ?!% \ &-\ 1), % +. * \ % ?!), (. !&' % !!% !!% ( !) * 0 15 5 ?!), (. !/?!), (. !'. % % &' (, % +!' ! +!5 ! !5 ! 2!+!' . , * % % -' (' +! % % % ?!), (. !% 4!) (%/104 * % &' ( !) * 0 15 +! U\ -5 /, !) * ! 2!!%& %% +. !! 2! !. 104% &' ( !) * 0 15 <%( &% -\ -' !) * ! 2!% 4?!% ), <% c% &' % 5 % % 4% -0 N/-% !0'% 1), !% (), () 5 ? %(% ! !5 &-' ), * 1' 45 ! 2! % !%&) +. !% 0 ?45 % . !/' * (0 (\ (, 5 0 15 % 40 15 1\ (%% % &!5 % !5 ?!! 2! % !% !!% % % ?!), (. !'. d% +! \ ?-0 ) &' % % % 5 ?!), (. !'. % & * !5 . &(%% ! % &' % !' !0 d , 0 % !) * . 5(5'<45 1 !! 15 % ^' 2' ?!), ?!% ? % ?!), (. ! '. _( +!'+!' !), (. !-0 N (5,2C!: +! !Q& E P48!Fe! 0 ? %! 2!/M&(%!: ?!), ?!% ? % ?!), (. !'. &' % !!5 <% !0 !"#$%& UI!F!Q1W884/'!F!Q !5L% 1, ' % % (), N[0' ' ( N !5 % !) * ! 2!!%& %1' 45 ! 2! % %(), % %45 '()*+$%& UI!F!Q1W884/'F%(5,2C6+J!L1f!7C()Z N%1g 2)?!P&h5 i6/68QW?!), ?!6? E P4/68Q-j)k !)Z 345/26! 6+!%/26! -8>?/26!!%&+!ES%-9&'6->( !7,2C ',)$-.-$%& !F!Q1W884/'2lX 6?!), ?!6?2%104m $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ !"# $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ n!), ?!6? !5Lo> n!), ?!6?+!E26!Fe n!), ?!6??!0O! n!), ?!6?@ !p? n!), ?!6?+!6<6!A% n!), ?!6?<%26 n!), ?!6?+I&(% n!), ?!6?@ +J+! !Q& '/0$$%& UW81)p!F!QV 84q"qbrqq#1J 84sqsrqqb '12! U5 % 1), 2) ( 5 -' ), * 1' 45 ! 2! % 0 ?/, 1' ), % !) * ! 2! -' &'% 3 415 /6 7 * , \&! rqq#nrqqb/'1), ! % t1% % c h5?!0' \ ), 5 (), N[0' ' ( !) !5 ' % -' ), * ! 2! !%&'% % % % (5&% 4. !0 &%4U04% &' ,!' (0 ' 15 '!) !5 15 % % 4/?!), (. !'. % &' ( !) * % ?!), (. !+! ( <% (. ! % % ! 2! (0 /+5 % !) * ! 2!!%& %( !%1' 45 !. !) * % ?!), (. !'. * % &' % % &, (), +!-' ), * ! 2! /'1% * !) !5 5 +!% 2% &'% (5ss! 2! % , ?biu5 <% !1), !)2%m m vq& u!% m vr& ( -. !mvv& U' 45 ! 2! &'% '?! (% !10 !% a ' &v]! 2!/<%<% (. !-' ), * /! () 5 ?'1% * ! (%1), #&% 10 !% b15 5 ? -' ), * !% &( \&! % 4 U' 45 ! 2! &' % % (5&% 4. !0 &%4'?! (% !% ! ) 10 !% b ' &vv& 8 *8 -,)$- -$ -,)$9 #8 w x3y x3y= ⇔ r x3y q w x3y z x3y{ ≥ = . % ?!), (. !m 3 v 3 v+ = − xvy % mxvy⇔ r 3 v 3 v 3 v 3 s 3 s3 q 3 v 3 v ≥ ≥ ≥ ⇔ ⇔ = − = + = − 0 4m?!), (. !1% * ! &' !5 &3|s w x3y x3y !x3y+ = . % ?!), (. !m 3 s " 3 r+ = − − xry % , 15 +5 3}r% m $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ !"# $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ xry⇔ 3 s 3 r "+ + − = ⇔ r3 v r x3 syx3 ry r"+ + + − = ⇔ x3 syx3 ry vr 3+ − = − ⇔ r r r 3 vr r 3 vr 3 ` r"3 v"q 3 3 ` v]] 3 r]3 ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ⇔ ⇔ = = + − = + − 0 4m?!), (. !1% * ! &' !5 &3|` y[% sm w x3y x3y !x3y+ = . % ?!), (. !m 3 v 3 a vr 3+ − − = − xsy % m, 15 +5 a~3~vr% m xsy⇔ 3 v vr 3 3 a+ = − + − ⇔ 3 v " r xvr 3yx3 ay+ = + − − ⇔ r r vb3 3 #] 3 ]− − = − ⇔]xvb3n3 r n#]y|3 r n#3•v` ⇔a`3n]3 r nss`n3 r •#3nv`|q ⇔"3 r n#]3•s"r|q ( ) ( ) r r r #] s"r ]r va`] va`] s"r " 3 3 " 3 r 3 " " " r" r" " ]r ] ]] " 3 " " 3 # 3 x3 #y "3 ]] " r" " − + = − × + − + ÷ ÷ = − − × = − − = − − ÷ ÷ ⇔3 v | ]] " €3 r |# 0 4m?!), (. !1% * ! !% !5 &3 v | ]] " €3 r |# w x3y x3y !x3y +x3y+ = + . % ?!), (. !m 3 3 v 3 ] 3 b q− − − − + + = x]y % m, 15 +5 3}]% m x]y⇔ 3 b 3 3 v 3 ]+ + = − + − ⇔ r3 b r 3x3 by r3 " r x3 ]yx3 vy+ + + = − + − − ⇔ a 3x3 by x3 vyx3 ]y+ + = − − ⇔ r r ]b 3 b3 v] 3x3 by 3 "3 ]+ + + + = − + ⇔]"•v]3•v] 3x3 by+ |q , 3}]⇒5 (% %?!), (. !'% &' 2' ), ⇒?!), (. !' !5 & ! " . vE?!), (M!m r 3 ]3 ] 3 #− + + = xvy % mxvy⇔ r x3 ry # 3− = − , 15 +5 3~#% m xvy⇔•3nr•|#n3 n5 3‚rmxvy⇒rn3|#n3x' !5 &y n5 r~3~#mxvy⇒3nr|#n3⇔3|" [mU6?2=m3|" . rE?!), (M! 3 r r 3 v 3 vq ` 3 v r 3 r r 3 v+ + + + + − + = + − + xry $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ # !"# $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ % mxry⇔ 3 v r 3 v v 3 v rs 3 v b r 3 v r 3 v v+ + + + + + − + + = + − + + ⇔ 3 v v • 3 v s • r• 3 v v•+ + + + − = + − U\ 4| 3 v+ x4}qy⇒?!), (. !1% * !(, !% !m 4 v • 4 s• r • 4 v•+ + − = − n5 q~4‚vm4•v•sn4|rnr4⇔4|nvx% y n5 v~4~sm4•v•sn4|r4nr⇔4|s n5 4ƒsm4•v•4ns|r4nrx' !5 &y , 4|s⇔3•v|b⇔3|# 0 4m?!), (. !1% * ! &' !5 &% 3|# # $ % & % ' ( " % ' % ) *+ " , )! - . v % ?!), (. ! 3 v "3 v s3 r− − − = − N% !v15 +5 3}v , 3}v!. m5 (% m 3 v "3 v− < − ⇒5 (% '0& 5 ?!% m s3 r− }v⇒5 ?!% '), 0 4m?!), (. !1% * !' !5 & N% !r, 3}v/% m 3 v "3 v s3 r− = − + − ⇔ 3 v #3 s r x"3 vyxs3 ry− = − + − − ⇔ r a3 r x"3 vyxs3 ry− = − − 5 (% '% &' 2' 0&, 3}v/5 ?!% ), , 3}v⇒?!), (. !' !5 & . % , ! ' % ) . rE?!), (M!m r r r s3 `3 a "3 vq3 v] ] r3 3+ + + + + = − − xvy % m% xvy⇔ r r r ] b s 3 r3 v " 3 r3 v x3 r3 vy " s " + + + + + + + = − + + + ÷ ÷ ⇔ r r r sx3 vy ] "x3 vy b " x3 vy+ + + + + = − + % m5 (% } ] b r s "+ = + = [0 ^|_3% 4(%⇔3|nv 5 ?!% ~"[0 ^|_3% 4(%⇔3|nv 0 4m?!), (. !1% * ! &' !5 &3|nv '. % , ' % -$! /, --! -*' - - " . vE?!), (M!m r 3 a # r3 r3 v 3 v + + = + − + % m15 +5 3} v r [5*!0 43|r% &' !5 & %?!), (. ! n5 v 3 r r ≤ < m| ` v # # s 3 v + + < + + 8mƒ # s+ n5 3ƒrm|r3 r • r3 v− ƒrr r • s | # s+ ‚ # s+ 3 r 3 v r v ` ` v v s 3 v r v > ⇒ + > + + < + = + + 0 4m?!), (. !1% * ! &' !5 &4!0 % 3|r $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ !"# $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ . rE?!), (M!m r r r r s3 a3 s 3 r s3 "3 v 3 s3 ]− + − − = − + − − − % m!) , 3|r% m r r r s] ar s r r sr "r v r sr ] v r s ` − + − − = − + − − − ⇔ − = − xvy⇔ r r r r xs3 "3 vy rx3 ry x3 ry sx3 ry s3 "3 v 3 r− − − − + − − − = − − − − J3ƒrm‚ J3‚rmƒ >4m3|r8 !Q&4!GS%?!), (M! . sE?!), (M!m ` # ` s 3 r 3 + = − − % mUum3‚ri„ 6!!l/%!G43| s r 8 !Q&S%?!), (M!%Y!L &!1A8 !Q&4!G!>>4m H3‚ s r m ` r s 3 < − 8 # ] r 3 < − ⇒ ` # ` s 3 r 3 + < − − ), FH s r ‚3‚rm ` # ` s 3 r 3 + > − − . ]E?!), (M!m r r s3xr b3 sy x]3 ryxv v 3 3 y q+ + + + + + + = xvy % mxvy ( ) ( ) r r s3 r xs3y s xr3 vy r xr3 vy s q⇔ + + + + + + + = ( ) ( ) r r s3 r xs3y s xr3 vy r xr3 vy s⇔ + + = − + + + + Js3|nxr3•vy⇔3| v " − !M6-I!L( \C!%J-„ !%>43| v " − 8&9 !Q&S%?!), (M!,:% !Q&S%xvy„&( +!E v €q r − ÷ %!L &!1A 8 !Q&4!G H v v 3 r " − < < − ms3‚nr3nv‚q ⇒xs3y r ƒxr3•vy r ⇒ r r r xs3y s r xr3 vy s+ + > + + + 4(%m ( ) ( ) r r s3 r xs3y s xr3 vy r xr3 vy s q+ + + + + + + > ⇒xvy+!' A !Q&( +!E 84N!L &!), F/%… 11J+J>xvy+!' A !Q&+! v v 3 r " − < < − . % + 0 % 123 % & % '+!'& . % ?!), (. ! 3 ]3 v r 3 ]3 v − + = − % m15 +5 v 3 ] > ? -0 1\ !) % - r - % + ≥ , %-ƒq , 15 +5 v 3 3 ]3 v q ] > ⇒ − > 5m 3 ]3 v r 3 ]3 v − + ≥ − [0 ^|_3% 4(%⇔ r 3 ]3 v 3 ]3 v q= − ⇔ − + = $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 4 !"# $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ⇔ r r 3 ]3 ] s q x3 ry s 3 r s 3 r s− + − = ⇔ − = ⇔ − = ± ⇔ = ± ) , , ' . vE?!), (M!m r3 v 3 r 3 s+ − − = + % Uum3}rUIo!G4mxr3•vynx3nry|3•s[1A/!0)p 5!p?8!%JS% ?!), (M!m x3 syx r3 v 3 r vy q+ + + + − = ⇔ 3 s q r3 v 3 r v + = + + − = ⇒' !Q& . rE?!), (M!m r 3 v rx3 vy 3 v v 3 s v 3+ + + = − + − + − xvy % Uum•3•~vmxvy⇔ ( ) ( ) 3 v v 3 r 3 v v 3 v q+ − − + − − + = ⇔3 v |q€3 r | r] r" − . sE?!), (M!m s r ] 3 v 3 3 3 v v 3 v− + + + + = + − xvy % N!Rom3 ] nv|x3nvyx3 s •3 r •3•vy xvy⇔ ( ) ( ) s r 3 v v v 3 3 3 v q− − − + + + = ⇔3|r 4 & % .56-786 . vE?!), (M!m r 3 3 v v+ + = xvy % U† 3 v+ |4x4}qy ⇒4 r |3•v⇔3|4 r nv⇔3 r |x4 r nvy r ⇒xry⇔x4 r nvy r •4nv|q⇔4x4−vyx4 r •4−vy|q V1A24(%>? !Q&S%?!), (M!8m v " q€ v€ r − − . rE?!), (M!m ( ) s 3 v v r 3 v r 3− + + − = − xvy [mUum3}vU† 3 v v− + |4 xvy⇔ ( ) ( ) s r 3 v v 3 v v r q− + + − + − = ⇔4 s •4 r nr|q ⇔x4nvyx4 r •r4•ry|q⇔4|v⇔3|v .5686 . vE?!), (M!mrx3 r •ry|" s 3 v+ xsy % U†| 3 v+ /| r 3 3 v− + xUum3}−v/}q/}qyu!1Am r |3•v/ r |3 r n3•v/ r r |3 s •v⇒xsy⇔rx r • r y|"⇔xr−yx−ry|q E(%/361‡!3uJ<E8m3∈ " sa " sa € r r + − . rE?!), (M!m ( ) ( ) r 3 " 3 r v 3 a3 vq s+ − + + + + = xvy % Uum3}nrxvy⇔ ( ) ( ) 3 " 3 r v x3 "yx3 ry s+ − + + + + = U†m 3 "+ |/ 3 r+ |x/}qy⇒ r n r |sxvy⇔x%n-yxv•%-y|% r n- r ⇔x%n-yxvn%•%-n-y|q⇔x%n-yxvn%yxvn-y|q $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 9 !"# $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ E(%m3|nv8 !Q&4!G . sE?!), (M!m 3 v s3 r3 v+ − = − xvy % Uum3}qU† 3 v+ |/ s3 |x/}qymxvy⇔-n%|% r n- r ⇔x%n-yx%•-•vy|q 8%•-•vƒq⇒%|-⇔3| v r 8 !Q&4!GS%?!), (M! . ]E?!), (M!m ] v " 3 3 r3 3 3 3 + − = + − xvy % U† v 3 3 − |/ " r3 3 − |x/}qy xvy⇔ v " v " 3 r3 3 r3 q 3 3 3 3 − − − − − − − = ÷ ÷ ⇔nx r n r yn|q ⇔xnyxv••y|qMv••-ƒq5m|E(%%1)pm3|r '.5686 . vE?!), (M!m r r 3 s3 r 3 s 3 r 3 r3 s+ + + + = + + + − xvy % Uum3}rxvy⇔ x3 vyx3 ry 3 s 3 r x3 3yx3 sy− − + + = + + − + U†m 3 v− |%/ 3 r− |-/ 3 s+ |x%/-/}qymxvy⇔%-•|-•%⇔x%nvyx-ny|q ⇔%|v!†-|!%4 )p(CP%1)p3|r8 !Q&4!GS%?!), (M! . rE?!), (M!m 3 r 3 s 3 s 3 " 3 r 3 " 3= − − + − − + − − % U†m r 3= − € s 3= − € " 3= − x€€}qy ⇒3|rˆ r |sˆ r |"ˆ r |•• V1A%A!Qm x yx y r xvy x yx y s xry x yx y " xsy + + = + + = + + = !0V JS%xvy/xry/xsy%Amzx•yx•yx•y{ r |sq M€€}q5m x yx yx y sq+ + + = x]y uJ!p?x]yHY)pxvy€xry€xsy‰1Jm sq x"y r sq x`y s sq xay " + = + = + = N9 V JS%x"y€x`y€xay%Am sv sq sv sq rx y sq `q + + = ⇒ + + = x#y uJ!p?x#yHY)px"y€x`y€xay%Am r sq `q vv sq sq rsb 3 r `q `q vrq vb sq `q = = ⇒ = − = ÷ ÷ = $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ : !"# $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ .5686 );<= . vE?!), (M! 3 v r3 v "− + − = N6!vmE), F-8v%1)p3|" N6!rmU† 3 v q− = ≥ 8 r3 v − = %A!Qm r r " r v + = − = ⇔ r vr = = − ⇔3|" . rE?!), (M!m # 3 " 3 "+ + − = % Uumq~3~r"U† # 3+ |/ " 3 − = x/}qym ⇒ r r " vs + = + = r |s s |r = ⇔ = E(%%A3|v8 !Q&4!G . sE?!), (M!m r r r" 3 b 3 r− − − = % Uumns~3~smU† r r" 3− |/ r b 3− |x/}qy ⇒ r r r v` + = + = ⇔ r " # s − = = ⇔ + = = !J )p(CPm3|q8 !Q&4!G . ]E?!), (M!m v 3 ] 3 s− + + = % Uumn]~3~vU† v 3 € ] 3 − = + = x/}qy ⇒ r r s " + = + = ⇒ 3 q 3 s = = − . "E?!), (M!m r r 3 r 3 ] 3 r− + + + − = % Uumnr~3~rmU† r 3 / r 3 − = + = x/}qy⇒ r x y r ] x y r + − = + + = E(%%1)pmx%/-y|Šxq€ry/xr€qy‹V1A!J )p(CPm3|Œr . `E?!), (M!m ] ] ba 3 3 "− + = xvy % U† ] ba 3− |/ ] 3 |x/}qy ⇒xvy⇔ ] ] " r s 3 #v s r 3 v` ba + = = = = ⇔ ∨ ⇔ = = = + = . aE?!), (M!m s s s 3 r3 s vrx3 vy+ − = − % U† s s 3 / r3 s = − = xvy ⇔ s s s s s s s ]x y sx y ]x y+ = + ⇔ + + + = + r r r sx yx r y q sx yx y q = − ⇔ + − + = ⇔ + − = ⇔ = ⇒+J<E 9> % ) , )!, % . v% % -5 0 ?!), (. !m r 3 ] 3 &− = − % % m r 3 ] 3 &− = − ⇔ r r r r 3 & 3 & 3 ] 3 ]3& & r&3 x& ]y q ≥ ≥ ⇔ − = − + − + = n5 &|qm?!), (. !' !5 & n5 &•qm r & ] 3 r& + = U5 +5 15 !5 &m3}&⇔ r & ] r& + }& •5 &ƒqm& r •]}r& r ⇔& r ~]⇔ q & r< ≤ •5 &‚qm& r •]~r& r ⇔& r }]⇔&~nr &% m $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ? !"# $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ n5 &~nr!\ q‚&~rm?!), (. ! &' !5 & r & ] 3 r& + = n5 nr‚&~q!\ &ƒrm?!), (. !' !5 & . rE8-Q>?!), (M!H&8!%&2=m -00 −=− s r /@ " '$" % ' , % &-" 'AAABCCC % % m r r r r r 3 & 3 & 3 s 3 & 3 s 3 & r&3 r&3 x& sy q ≥ ≥ − = − ⇔ ⇔ − = + − − + = n5 &|qm?!), (. !' !5 & n5 &•qm r & s 3 r& + = U5 +5 15 !5 &m3}&⇔ r & s & r& + ≥ •5 &ƒqm& r •s}r& r ⇔& r ~s⇔ q & s≤ ≤ •5 &‚qm& r •s~r& r ⇔& r }s⇔&~ s− &% m n5 q & s≤ ≤ !\ & s≤ − !), (. ! &' !5 &m r & s 3 r& + = n5 s & q− < ≤ !\ & s> m?!), (. !' !5 & . s% % -5 0 !!%&2' &?!), (. !m 3 3 & &− = − % U5 +5 m3}q n5 &‚qm?!), (. !' !5 & n5 &|qm?!), (. !(, !% ! 3x 3 vy q− = ⇒ !% !5 &m3 v |q/3 r |v n5 &ƒqm?!), (. !1% * !), 1), , x 3 &yx 3 & vy q− + − = 3 & q 3 v & − = ⇔ = − •5 q‚&~vm?!), (. ! !% !5 &m3 v |&€3 r | r xv &y− •5 &ƒvm?!), (. ! &' !5 &m3|& 7 :& , Ž%5 -' ), * ! 2! !%&'m% % % % (5&% 4. !0 &%4'1% * % ? % ' %15 % % 5 -' ), * !% &u5 <% 1% 1), !)2%m ;81 9" < = "< %yN0 ?45 m ' 2' ! 2!!%&) +. !! 2!0 ?45 mvv& ' ! 2!1% % mb&xv % !0 /r % !. /s % -%% s % +!45 +!. !y -yN0 ?. !m ' 2' ! 2!!%&) +. !! 2! 0 ?. !mb& ' ! 2!1% % mb&xs % !. /s % -%% s % +!45 +!. !y y 2!1), !%&) +. !! 2! 0 ?Ž' %mv&xU% % y >8/ %yN0 ?45 m ' 2' ! 2!!%&) +. !! 2! 0 ?45 m#& ' ! 2!1% % m"&xr % !0 /v % !. /v % -%/v % +!45 +!. !y ' ! 2!1), ! !%&) +. !! 2! 0 ?. !m"& -yN0 ?. !m ' 2' ! 2!!%&) +. !! 2! 0 ?. !m"& ' ! 2!1% % m ? @$ " $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ A !"# $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Ž%5 !) !5 !4515 % ?!), (. !'. ( !), (. ! %0 ?N% 5 -' ), * ! 2! !%&'% % % % (5&% 4. !0 &%4i% !0'1% * ( (%1), &' 2' -% ! +! !5 &!)2%m v5 ' % !. 1% U04% &' ' % <%( !% 10 ( 5 -' ), * ! 2! ( \&! ) % <%/!0 1), 2) !. 1% 2% 2%/2) <%0&!), 345) ?!. %i% % &!5 !% (), % ! % 1% % N' % -' ), * ! 2! 1% * % 1% \ !% 1), !) * !% !' , !, 2) <%0&1 /&% % ! % c h51% * ),5(, !% !&' ( !) * !45 ! 110 5 ' % & * ! %. !h5i% r5 ?!. %! 2! U5 \ !% 1), !) * !% !. !%( ' % & * ! 2!% !00 ( 0& ( 5 -' ), * 1% % /104% !0' ) * %( <45 1 !( 2) !% !' !%4!0 -% %&'* % 5% &' % % % 4/-' ), * . !. !% &&, % ), ! /% ), 1 !% % ), 1&% !) * !% !. !1 4!5/15 ?!! 2! !5 \ !% 1), !) * !% !' /1 ! % &?!% &' 2) '*) (0 , ' 2) <45 0&! 0 ?(5vqq•+!% \ %-% !0&. !N!. !. 0 4/2) 1' 5/<%0&/ ?1, * %% * !1% % !/ %1. !% &% !) * % 5!%& %% & ' % -' ), * % (0 , !0 % 1' , ) %' ! 2!, ?b/1\ 15 &0&. ) %' %% & % 1' +!' ! 15 5 ! 0 ? %% &!0 !) ( * 15 1 /&'* % 5% & ' % -' ), * 0 ?!% % !&' 2) <%0&(0 , 15 % &/!), 3451' 5/' \ + ?!, 15 ?!% & !5 &' 2) <45 0&, ( ' 5 ! 0 ? %&. ! U\ -5 % , !) * ! 2!!%& %! 0 ?-' &'% /104% &' &'! +! / (0 . ! 2!) %! !%& %!&'% 4N * !. !. . % 4/' % -' ), * ! 2! &' % % (, 5+! +!\!,(0 !5 s5 ?!. % % 5!%& %() 5 ?' % -' ), * ! 2! 5 ! 2! ) * %( ( 0&( ' % -' ), * ! 2! !. (. % ), !0 4 % ) * %( ! 1% U5 !) !5 !% !' 5 1% % -' ), * ! 2! /1\ -5 , &'% !. +! +!\!,(0 !5 2, % &'! +!% !) 5 1% * !) &!15 1 /( !) * \&<%/!45 c h5 * !. &' 0 ! 2! 0 ?. !5 -' &'% / !) * \&(), +!' !5 % ! % &' &'! +! /+!'+!%% ), +5 !) (0 (' / . ! 2!1% * 1), ! % ) +!% , ?v/) % % &1% * 1), ! % b\&5 N!. !. 0 4/!) * % 5!%& %-' ), * 1' 45 ! 2! % 0 ?!% !, %-' ), * !5 !,/?!% 10 )!, %/' 2) /5 -% !5 !,2, !) * % 5!%& % -' ), * !) * &'! +!% 0 15 % !, %/. ! 2!+!' ?!% % !) * % &% 4/! %+!' !5 &' !' ! % 10 % && 0 15 &% ! %!(\ % &5 ! % 5 5 ?!/! 0 ? %% &% % &' <% (. !-5 -. /0% !. &, & 1% 1), !5 <% i% !0'% % 5!%& %' % -' ), * ! 2! &'% \&%4% \&!) !%/ 5 +! !5 &!. !)%!5 ' * !0 !0 4(\ /15 -' ), * 1), &' 1' 45 1! % % % &' 0 15 % % /+! +!\ 104' % !%0 15 m ' % /+5 !) % ), !0 4/ % 5 % % 4% ?!% % ), &' % !. ' <% 5 &'% ( -0 ! %&. !/?!% % ), % % !), 345/\ ?!0 !), 345 !) * !0 % /!) * ! !0 % % !5 <% &% % +5 !) %!0 4?!% ) * % /!0 4!) 2) ?!% % ), % %% /0 ?!% 51), +5 !% ! % % 4&' % !!5 /!0 &) N\ ?!0 !), 345 !) * +5 !) &, &% % &) %! 15 -' ), * %4/1\ -5 % ?!% +. !!. !1), % & 2%42)%! 0 ?/) % ! 0 ?/?!% !41), !) * ' !0 ' !0 %% &15 ' 5 ! 0 ? %% &1% 1), !5 <% % 75 / $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ C [...]...́ ̉ ́ MỘT SÔ PHƯƠNG PHAP GIAI PHƯƠNG TRÌ NH VÔ TỈ Violet.vn/ducnghi58 ****************************** Trên đây là mô ̣t số phương pháp giải phương trình vô tỉ trong khuôn khổ chương trình cấ p THCS, mà cu ̣ thể là những phương pháp giải phương trinh vô tỉ của lớp 9 Ngoài những phương pháp mà tôi ̀ chắ t lo ̣c nêu trên, chắ c chắ