Assessment of water quality of cau river flows through thai nguyen city

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN QUANG HUNG TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF CAU RIVER FLOWS THROUGH THAI NGUYEN CITY BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Developmet Center Batch : 2011 – 2016 Thai Nguyen, September 2015 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Students name Nguyen Quang Hung Student ID DTN1153150039 Thesis title Assessment of water quality from Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen Supervisor(s) Nguyen Huu Tho, PhD Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess on situation of water from Cau River flows through in Thai Nguyen City in the 2015 periods The focus is on the following aspects: to assess the state of water treatment Cau River flowing through the city of Thai Nguyen and propose solutions to reduce water pollution Regarding to the processing of water, Cau River is a place that has the largest number of water that gives to people in Thai Nguyen It is bring many advantages for agricultural and industrial In industrial areas, some companies discharging waste water directly into the line a very large number of domestic sewage and industrial; it can be exceeded permissible standards Besides, many people have had acts of environmental pollution in the discharge of domestic wastewater or lack of understanding of the provisions in the wastewater treatment Currently, Thai Nguyen started building and improving water treatment systems for water of Cau river, which is effective, and simple discharge management After assessing the situation in the Cau river, the necessary measures are proposed Within management, local governments need to take measures to check against the individual and organize to find the cause of pollution With technological solutions, the options considered ii and evaluated in this thesis indicate that flowing river through Thai Nguyen can make choices to prevent and manage the quality of water in order to protect the environment Industrial Zone, wastewater, treatment, pollution, Keywords discharge, industry, domestic, etc Number of pages: 60 Date of submission: 30/10/2015 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMET I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Msc Nguyen Huu Tho for his invaluable useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of this graduated thesis I sincerely thank the lecturers who enthusiastically imparted useful knowledge on water treatment during the University program to all class attendants I also thank the support of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the coordinators and program managers for their support and assistance I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to my classmates, who supported me throughout this course, by their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to my thesis In addition, I like to thank the participants in my survey, who have willingly shared their precious time during the process of interviewing I would like to thank my loved ones, who have supported me throughout entire process, both by keeping me harmonious and helping me putting pieces together Thank you all very much! Sincerely yours, Thai Nguyen, July, 2015 Author Nguyen Quang Hung iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMET .iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ix PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research’s objectives 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses 1.4 Limitations 1.5 Definitions PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Scientific background 2.2 Empirical background 2.2.1 Water resources and situation of water pollution in the world 2.2.2 Studies on water quality in Viet Nam 2.3 Study area review 10 2.3.1 The natural and socio-economic conditions of Thai Nguyen City 10 2.4 General assessment 18 PART III METHODS 19 3.1 Material 19 v 3.1.1 Basic characteristics of Cau River 19 3.1.2 Assessment of current status of the water environmental quality of the Cau River 19 3.1.3 Propose some solutions to reduce pollution and the effects of contaminated river water for the surrounding environment management solutions 19 3.2 Methods 20 3.2.1 Secondary data collection methods 20 3.2.2 Methods of collecting, storing and analyzing samples 20 3.2.3 Questionnaire and Interview methods 22 3.2.4 Analyzing, synthesizing and assessing data methods 22 PART RESULTS .23 4.1 Overview of Cau river flows through Thai Nguyen 23 4.1.1 Status of Water from Cau river in Thai Nguyen city 23 4.1.2 The situation of water from Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen 23 4.2 Assessment of current situation of water in Cau River and surrounding areas.28 4.2.1 Currents situation of water at Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen City 28 4.2.2 Assessment of water from Cau River to local people based on survey 29 4.3 Recommendation of solutions to overcome and minimize water pollution of Cau River 32 4.3.1 Management solutions 33 4.3.2 Technological solutions 34 4.3.3 Management solution for Citizens lives around Cau River in Thai Nguyen 35 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 38 vi and evaluated in this thesis indicate that flowing river through Thai Nguyen can make choices to prevent and manage the quality of water in order to protect the environment Industrial Zone, wastewater, treatment, pollution, Keywords discharge, industry, domestic, etc Number of pages: 60 Date of submission: 30/10/2015 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Distribuiton of land use in Thai Nguyen City in 2015 ……… … 15 Table 4.1 The Average result of water quality from Cau River in Cao Ngan Brigde of Son Cam commune ……………………………………….……….24 Table 4.2 The Average result of water quality from Cau River in Gia Bay Brigde of Dong Bam commune …………….…………………………………… …25 Table 4.3 The Average result of water quality from Cau River in Thac Huong Dam ……………………… ……………………………………….……,…26 Table 4.4 The total of result water quality from places……………….……28 Table 4.5 The impact of water pollution to agriculture production and the health of people living around Cau River …………………………………… … 30 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AOX : Absorbable Organic Halogens BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand EPA : Environmental Protection Agency DNRE : Department of Natural Resources and Environment LEP : Law on Environmental Protection MNRE : Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment TSS : Total Suspended Solids VEA : Vietnam Environment Administration ix PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale Environment is a system of natural and artificial material factors, which affect to the survival and the development of humans and animals (Environmental Protection Act, 2014) Those factors considered as basic components of the environment; they formed and developed under the law of nature One of the most crucial and necessary factors for all life on earth in general and human in particular is water It does not only affect human's health, dietary needs, daily activities, but it is also a factor to ensure the prosperity of humankind Nowadays, the development of science and technology has accelerated the pace of socio-economic development, creating a giant volume of material goods for meeting the growing demands of human However, the socio-economic development, especially the rapid development of the industry in recent years has discharged a huge amount of wastewater This is the direct cause of the environmental pollution in general and water quality decline in particular, that makes clean water on Earth become increasingly scarce and exhausted As a country with a growing economy, Vietnam has become the water polluted on the world Among them, the Cau River through flows Thai Nguyen City is one of the hot spots of water pollutants, especially water from households use in agriculture and a factory near the river 1.2 Research’s objectives - Assess the level of water pollution from Cau River flowing through Thai Nguyen City - Propose solutions to reduce water pollution 4.3.1 Management solutions Management solutions in mechanisms, policies and technical require a synchronous coordination and assignment of responsibilities for related sectors If the causes of water pollution begin to Industrial Zone are well recovered a huge of amount of pollutants would decrease and would be under the values regulated in column B of QCVN 40:2011 QCVN 12:2008 and QCVN l 4:2008 To implement coercive measures against Industrial zone around Cau River if they continue to discharge untreated or unsatisfactory treated wastewater into the environment and pollute receiving water source * The functional units have to organize inspection and examination of the observance of regulations in environmental protection of the Industrial Zone *In addition, local government needs to apply mechanisms to charging fees for environmental protection and wastewater discharge according to regulations * For Industrial Zone around Cau River They should build wastewater treatment system to treat wastewater for whole Industrial Zone At the same time, to operate wastewater treatment system regularly to treat a huge of amount of wastewater in the Industrial Zone To maintain controlling of environmental pollution annually and report to functional authorities as a base for environmental management and monitoring: - To build plans for prevention and overcoming environmental incidents; To implement solutions to protect environment in accordance with laws such as 33 PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale Environment is a system of natural and artificial material factors, which affect to the survival and the development of humans and animals (Environmental Protection Act, 2014) Those factors considered as basic components of the environment; they formed and developed under the law of nature One of the most crucial and necessary factors for all life on earth in general and human in particular is water It does not only affect human's health, dietary needs, daily activities, but it is also a factor to ensure the prosperity of humankind Nowadays, the development of science and technology has accelerated the pace of socio-economic development, creating a giant volume of material goods for meeting the growing demands of human However, the socio-economic development, especially the rapid development of the industry in recent years has discharged a huge amount of wastewater This is the direct cause of the environmental pollution in general and water quality decline in particular, that makes clean water on Earth become increasingly scarce and exhausted As a country with a growing economy, Vietnam has become the water polluted on the world Among them, the Cau River through flows Thai Nguyen City is one of the hot spots of water pollutants, especially water from households use in agriculture and a factory near the river 1.2 Research’s objectives - Assess the level of water pollution from Cau River flowing through Thai Nguyen City - Propose solutions to reduce water pollution not highly effective in wastewater treatment Therefore, the Industrial Zone should combine physical, chemical and biological method together to thoroughly handle the problems At the same time, the Industrial Zone should install flow measurement system and continuous monitoring of all discharged points to measure automatic parameters of treated wastewater as pH, COD5, TSS, TDS, NH3, Color, etc 4.3.3 Management solution for Citizens lives around Cau River in Thai Nguyen According to experts, to water Cau River Basin increasingly clean, meet the needs of economic development - society, there should be both overall solutions, diverse, flexible but also effective when mining and environmental protection In particular, take precautions, to prevent environmental degradation is the combined processing step, overcoming pollution hotspots across the region Specifically, the investigation should have the actual pollution produced by industrial, handicraft villages, and life to have the assessment of environmental impact The handling thoroughly pollute water sources must be respected as the leading diversified investment resources with appropriate mechanisms to encourage the recovery, handling security, development of renewable and environmental resources Cau River Basin In addition, the need to strengthen communication activities, enhance people's understanding of the rights and responsibilities regarding the environment We have organizations implementing a coordination mechanism of action of mass, scaling-run models, maintaining regular mass movements for environmental protection Besides, the need to restore protection forests and watershed forests have been degraded, enhance the enrichment of water, construction of water retaining structures to combat exhaustion… 35 Centre for Monitoring and Environmental Technology Thai Nguyen propose stepping up monitoring activities and environmental information such as the construction of automatic monitoring station of water quality; regularly inform the public about environmental pollution of water from Cau river; implementation publicize information on the basis of environmental pollutants to the Basin Cau river and capacity building for environmental management - Implementing the legal documents in management and reliable exploitation ecological environment of Cau River - Develop and issue written guidance-oriented; the text, specify protection of the environment in the province - Construction of the convention, the convention on environmental protection, rational use of resources water in the villages and hamlets - Implement reform administrative procedures and policies to encourage participation of the organization, the production and business establishments, residential communities; strengthening and promoting socialization of environmental protection - Promoting the role of environmental protection committee Cau River Basin, strengthening the regular meetings synchronously implement unified environmental protection mission in the province in Cau River Basin - Develop test plans annual bar; check the polluting units school - Maintain perform environmental monitoring networks in 2011-2015 and construction Province Networking for the next year 36 - Construction management strategies, exploitation and protection of water resources in each region; convenient assess the water resources of the region in terms of both quality and quantity to make policy implementation and use appropriate - Control the disposal operation, the discharge affecting the environment; block the leveling operation, encroachment flow - Management and strictly protected watershed, complete diversity of protected areas biological; establishment and implementation planning of the village cluster, planned and planted out forest operators, network planning management and waste collection 37 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Discussion Cau River has become an important part of the normal activities of the provinces in Cau River Basin in general and for particular Thai Nguyen province However, at present, the Cau River water quality has been severely reduced To contribute to the protection and rational use of water resources, Cau river made dissertation "Research water quality status of the Cau River flows through the province of Thai Nguyen," according to the method for calculating the index quality country Results showed: Through research result, it can be discussed the specified contents as following: Through research result, it can be discussed the specified contents as following: Firstly, the Cau River water quality is relatively good Besides, some companies or citizens were still neglected and not strictly controlled to have been sanctioned for administrative violations of environmental protection Secondly, The quality of water from the upstream bridge has low quality It affects people downstream where the river crossing Impact on production activities and human side Thirdly, management and technology solutions together Authorities have to enhance regulations on water resources to the Industrial Zone Besides, it should be applied a clear mechanism for management of water resources and irrigation structures, to coordinate and manage the construction, approval of organizations and individuals that are directly related to the exploitation and water resources In the 38 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses - What is an overview of Cau River through flows Thai Nguyen City? - What is current situation of water of the Cau River? - What the opinions of people living around Cau River to reduce water pollution? 1.4 Limitations - Due to limitation of time and resources, this study mainly focuses on the water pollution in Cau River through flows Thai Nguyen City - The survey is examined is relatively small, the findings cannot be generalized to the broader community - The water data is only taken from a source; it would not achieve absolute accuracy for the all area - The measurement and sampling time is only done times/ day Therefore, the samples cannot reflect the entire of pollution -This study solely mentions to the water situation of the Cau River in short term of the 2015 periods 1.5 Definitions - Environment According to term I- article of the Law on environmental protection (The National Assembly of Vietnam, 2014), environment is defined as “a system of natural and artificial physical factors affecting the existence and development of human beings and creatures " REFERENCES Advanced Chemical in systems (n.d).2015 The Importance of pH in wastewater treatment Retrieved from http:// advancedchemsys.com/importance-ph.html (accessed on 17/10/2015) Ashbolt, N Grabow, W., &Sozzi, M (n.d).Indicators of microbial water quality Retrieved from http://www.who.int/water sanitation health/dwq/iwachap13.pdf (accessed on 15/09/2015) Center for Educational Technologies (n.d).2015 Water quality assessment: Physical: Temperature Retrieved from http://www.cotf.edu/modules/waterq3.html (accessed on 08/09/2015) Center for Educational Technologies (n.d).2015 Water quality assessment: Physical: Temperature Retrieved from http://www.cotf.edu/modules/waterq3.html (accessed on 08/09/2015) Dao Pham Thi Anh, Dang Binh , Phan Van Mach, Tran Binh and Le Xuan Tuan, (2013) Current state of aquatic plants in some river branches in Cau River basin Environmental ProtectionAct, 2014 Enviromental Safety.Retrieved from: http://www.ipcb.state.il.us/SLR/TheEnvironmentalProtectionAct.asp ( accessed on 17/9/2015) Filter and Separation (n.d)2015 Definition of Solid Concentration Retrieved from http//www.filtration – and separation.com/concentration.html (assessed on 20/9/2015) Jason A Hubbart and Jacqueline Water resources 2013 Hellawell, J.M (1989) Chemical indicators of Freshwater pollution and Environmental management Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publisher, p 206215 Le Van Khoa, Nguyen Xuan Quynh and Nguyen Quoc Viet (2013), Environmental chemical indicarors, Hanoi Educational Publishing House MOST (2002), Handbook on Environmental Observation and Analysis Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST (2008A) National technical regulations on the effluent of pulp and paper mills (QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT), Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST (2008B), National technical regulations on domestic wastewater (QCVN 14:2008/BTNM) Ministry of Science and Technology MOST (2009) Vietnam's state standards on environment Ministry of Science and Technology Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (n.d) Tests on water and wastewater Retrieved from (accessed on pal NOR WECO Song P 13) Hanoi region for providing clear water and environmental sanitation NORWECO (n.d) 2014 Tests on water and wastewater Retrieved from http//www.norweco.com/html/lab/WhatTests.html (accessed on 20/11/2014) Pham Song (2013) Hanoi region for providing clear water and environmental sanitation Pham Tuyen (2012) State of water environment in VietNam Retrieved from http://www nuoc.com vn/content/view2735 (accessed on 20/9/2015) Thai nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment (2012A) Assessment on natural resources - environment indicators and sustainability of Thai Nguyen Province Thai Nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment (2012C) Special report on assessment of surface water's quality in Thai Nguyen Province in 2012-2013 The National Center for Science and Technology information (2013) Environment Bulletin in October 2013 The National Center for Science and Technology Information The National Assembly of Vietnam (2014), Law on Environment Protection The National Assembly of Vietnam United Nations – Economic and Social Commission for Asia and The Pacific (n.d) 2012 Water Resources Management United Nations – Economic and Social Thien Le Van (2007), Lecture on environment pollution, Hanoi VNU University of science The Encyclopedia of earth (2013) Water resources Retrieved from http://www.eoearth org/view/article/ 157013/(accessed on 12/9/2014) USGS (n.d) Definition of Turbidity (accessed from http://water.usgs.gov/edu/turbidity.html on 15/9/2015) Vietnam Environment Administration WHO (2013) Basic epidemiology Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris bitstream/10665/435 41/9/924 1547073 vie.pdf (accessed on 22/09/2015) VOV (2013) State of water pollution in Vietnam Retrieved from http://www.kc cottellvietnam.com.vn/story/tinh trang-o nhiem-moi truong-nuoc-tai-viet-nam (accessed on 1/9/2015) APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: SAMPLE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ASSESSMENT OF WATER POLLUTION IN CAU RIVER FLOWS THROUGH THAI NGUYEN IMPACT TO LOCAL PEOPLE This survey questionnaire is part of real study of students in K43 Environmental Science Management (Advanced Education Program) Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Information that you provide will help students collect data and information for research: "Assessment on situation of water pollution of Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen City in the 2014-2015 periods" With permission and supervision of Thai Nguyen Environmental Protection Agency and Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, I guarantee that the information done by students will not cause any effects to you We appreciate your enthusiasm in providing information in high accuracy during this survey Sincerely yours ! Interviewer: Nguyen Quang Hung Class: K43 - Environmental Science and Management (Advanced Education Programs) Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Environmental pollution According to term 8-article of the Law on environmental protection (The National Assembly of Vietnam , 2014), Environmental pollution refers to " the change in the environment components in breach of technical regulations or environment and environmental standards, which can result in adverse impacts on human beings and creatures " - Water resources According to Jason A Hubbart and Jacqueline (2013) “Water resources are used in various ways including direct consumption, agricultural irrigation fisheries, hydropower, industrial production, recreation, navigation environmental protection, the disposal and treatment of sewage and industrial effluents Water has sources and ex economic, social and political characteristics which make it a unique and challenging natural resource to manage " - Water pollution “Water pollution is a worse change physical chemical and biological property of water, with the presence of abnormal in liquid and solid form, making substances water become toxic to humans and organisms, and reducing biodiversity in water In Terms of speed and scale of water pollution needs to be concerned more than impact, soil contamination ( Thien, 2007) - Environmental standards - Environmental standards are referred in term Law on Article of the Environmental protection (The National Assembly of Vietnam 2014) as a set of Reduces crop yields Others Question 5: How are your animal breeding activities when the the water pollution changes the environment? Normally Cause disease for animals Reduced the growth of animals Others If you answer, "Absolutely yes "It depends", "Sometimes" or "others", please write the reasons below? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Informer (Signature and full name) APPENDIX PHOTOS OF THE CAU RIVER FLOWS THROUGH IN THAI NGUYEN This place 1: Cao Ngan Bridge – Son Cam Distric Commune - Thai Nguyen City Place 2: Gia Bay Bridge, Dong Bam Commune – Thai Nguyen City Place 3: Thac Huong Dam, Near Gia Sang Ward , Thai Nguyen City ... Overview of Cau river flows through Thai Nguyen 23 4.1.1 Status of Water from Cau river in Thai Nguyen city 23 4.1.2 The situation of water from Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen. .. Overview of Cau river flows through Thai Nguyen 23 4.1.1 Status of Water from Cau river in Thai Nguyen city 23 4.1.2 The situation of water from Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen. .. 23 4.2 Assessment of current situation of water in Cau River and surrounding areas.28 4.2.1 Currents situation of water at Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen City 28 4.2.2 Assessment of water